Article(id=1153809125545857358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, issueId=1153809123054440769, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.05.14, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723651200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-15, revisedDate=1724860800000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753019132267, onlineDateStr=2025-07-20, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753019132267, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753019132267, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753019132267, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153809123054440769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, year='2024', volume='14', issue='5', pageStart='745', pageEnd='919', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=0, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753019131673, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757481656846, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172526310380417245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, issueId=1153809123054440769, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172526310384611550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, issueId=1153809123054440769, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=878, endPage=887, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153809126028202320, articleId=1153809125545857358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, language=EN, title=Tire-Deformable Terrain Interaction Model for Longitudinal Slip Based on Stress Distribution, columnId=1153756965063877395, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering, columnName=System Dynamics Section, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Stress distribution at the tireground contact interface on soft terrain becomes increasingly complex under the influence of tire slip and sinkage, making it difficult to accurately model tire behavior. Using finite element analysis, the paper simulated tire longitudinal slip/skid under constant sinkage conditions. The variation in stress distribution at the tireground contact interface was investigated as the slip/skid degree changed. The results show three distinct stress distribution patterns corresponding to slip, small skid and large skid states, respectively. Soil characteristic parameters were obtained through simulating sinkage and shear tests, and the stress distribution model was established for the three slip/skid states. On this basis, the tiredeformable terrain interaction model for longitudinal slip was further developed, which effectively represents the inplane characteristics of tires on soft terrain.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Dang LU, Xiaofan WANG, Haidong WU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153809175122530343, articleId=1153809125545857358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, language=CN, title=基于应力分布的轮地相互作用纵滑模型, columnId=1153756965202289430, journalTitle=汽车工程学报, columnName=系统动力学专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

松软路面条件下,轮地接触界面应力分布随滑转和沉陷的变化规律较复杂,难以进行轮胎模型的合理表达。基于有限元进行了定沉陷量条件下的轮胎纵向滑转/滑移仿真,探明了轮地接触界面应力分布特性随滑转/滑移程度的变化规律,发现在不同滑移率下应力分布呈现3种特性,分别对应滑转、小程度滑移和大程度滑移状态。通过模拟压陷、剪切试验获得土壤特性参数,建立了适用于3种滑转/滑移状态的应力分布模型,以此为基础进一步建立了轮地相互作用纵滑模型,对松软路面上的轮胎面内特性有较好的表达效果。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=J5rPwHvvw2g2Y+ZYYcqwQw==, magXml=uv2DAREdBGvgUGwWX8ma0A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=xJhNl64jpiaIzebMomF4Iw==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=X7kurpNzcl1s4mvFYsj+9Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

卢荡(1972-),男,黑龙江大庆人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为轮胎动力学与汽车运动控制、汽车极限运动智能非线性控制、汽车仿真工具链开发、智能轮胎开发、轮胎动力学理论与应用、非充气轮胎结构设计和多维力传感器开发。Tel:13504704159 E-mail:

, authorsList=卢荡, 王晓凡, 吴海东)}, authors=[Author(id=1153809175982362681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=ludang@jlu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1153809176066248763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, authorId=1153809175982362681, language=EN, stringName=Dang LU, firstName=Dang, middleName=null, lastName=LU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Automotive Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130022 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1153809176124969020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, authorId=1153809175982362681, language=CN, stringName=卢荡, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=吉林大学 汽车工程学院 长春 130022, bio={"img":"SHBjYUu9Xjud70l3DYX9Jg==","content":"

卢荡(1972-),男,黑龙江大庆人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为轮胎动力学与汽车运动控制、汽车极限运动智能非线性控制、汽车仿真工具链开发、智能轮胎开发、轮胎动力学理论与应用、非充气轮胎结构设计和多维力传感器开发。Tel:13504704159 E-mail:

"}, bioImg=SHBjYUu9Xjud70l3DYX9Jg==, bioContent=

卢荡(1972-),男,黑龙江大庆人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为轮胎动力学与汽车运动控制、汽车极限运动智能非线性控制、汽车仿真工具链开发、智能轮胎开发、轮胎动力学理论与应用、非充气轮胎结构设计和多维力传感器开发。Tel:13504704159 E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1153809175906865204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153809175915253813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, companyId=1153809175906865204, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Automotive Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130022 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153809175919448118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, companyId=1153809175906865204, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=吉林大学 汽车工程学院 长春 130022)])]), Author(id=1153809176192077886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1153809176259186753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, authorId=1153809176192077886, language=EN, stringName=Xiaofan WANG, firstName=Xiaofan, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Automotive Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130022 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1153809176322101315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, authorId=1153809176192077886, language=CN, stringName=王晓凡, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=吉林大学 汽车工程学院 长春 130022, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1153809175906865204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153809175915253813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, companyId=1153809175906865204, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Automotive Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130022 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153809175919448118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, companyId=1153809175906865204, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=吉林大学 汽车工程学院 长春 130022)])]), Author(id=1153809176376627270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1153809176439541833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, authorId=1153809176376627270, language=EN, stringName=Haidong WU, firstName=Haidong, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Automotive Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130022 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1153809176498262091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, authorId=1153809176376627270, language=CN, stringName=吴海东, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=吉林大学 汽车工程学院 长春 130022, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1153809175906865204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153809175915253813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, companyId=1153809175906865204, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Automotive Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130022 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153809175919448118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, companyId=1153809175906865204, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=吉林大学 汽车工程学院 长春 130022)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1153809176720560208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=terramechanics), Keyword(id=1153809176779280466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=off-road vehicle), Keyword(id=1153809176833806420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=tire model), Keyword(id=1153809176888332374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=tire-terrain interaction), Keyword(id=1153809176947052632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=stress distribution), Keyword(id=1153809177018355802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=地面力学), Keyword(id=1153809177089658972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=越野车辆), Keyword(id=1153809177148379230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=轮胎模型), Keyword(id=1153809177215488096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=轮地相互作用), Keyword(id=1153809177278402658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=应力分布)], refs=[Reference(id=1153809180352827528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=52, issue=12, pageStart=14, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=王彬星, 任焱晞, 刘玉, journalName=农业装备与车辆工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王彬星, 任焱晞, 刘玉, 等. 轮胎-土壤相互作用的研究现状和发展[J]. 农业装备与车辆工程, 2014,52(12):14-22., articleTitle=轮胎-土壤相互作用的研究现状和发展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809180403159177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=52, issue=12, pageStart=14, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=WANG Binxing, REN Yanxi, LIU Yu, journalName=Agricultural Equipment & Vehicle Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Binxing, REN Yanxi, LIU Yu, et al. Present Status and Developing Trend of Tire-Soil Interaction Research[J]. Agricultural Equipment & Vehicle Engineering, 2014,52(12):14-22. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Present Status and Developing Trend of Tire-Soil Interaction Research, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809180457685130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1971, volume=8, issue=1, pageStart=9, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=PERUMPRAL JV, LILJEDAHL JB, PERLOFF W H, journalName=Journal of Terramechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PERUMPRAL JV, LILJEDAHL JB, PERLOFF W H. A Numerical Method for Predicting the Stress Distribution and Soil Deformation Under a Tractor Wheel[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 1971,8(1):9-22., articleTitle=A Numerical Method for Predicting the Stress Distribution and Soil Deformation Under a Tractor Wheel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809180516405387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=41, issue=2, pageStart=87, pageEnd=100, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=FERVERS C W, journalName=Journal of Terramechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FERVERS C W. Improved FEM Simulation Model for Tire-Soil Interaction[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 2004,41(2):87-100., articleTitle=Improved FEM Simulation Model for Tire-Soil Interaction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809180600291468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=48, issue=2, pageStart=113, pageEnd=123, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=XIA Kaiming, journalName=Journal of Terramechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIA Kaiming. Finite Element Modeling of Tire/Terrain Interaction: Application to Predicting Soil Compaction and Tire Mobility[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 2011,48(2):113-123., articleTitle=Finite Element Modeling of Tire/Terrain Interaction: Application to Predicting Soil Compaction and Tire Mobility, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809180675788941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=36, issue=4, pageStart=498, pageEnd=516, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=5, authorNames=XIA Kaiming, YANG Yunming, journalName=International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIA Kaiming, YANG Yunming. Three-Dimensional Finite Element Modeling of Tire-Ground Interaction[J]. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 2012,36(4):498-516., articleTitle=Three-Dimensional Finite Element Modeling of Tire-Ground Interaction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809180734509198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=41, issue=3, pageStart=293, pageEnd=315, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=6, authorNames=LI Hao, SCHINDLER C, journalName=Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Hao, SCHINDLER C. Investigation of Tire-Soil Interaction with Analytical and Finite Element Method[J]. Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2013,41(3):293-315., articleTitle=Investigation of Tire-Soil Interaction with Analytical and Finite Element Method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809180797423759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=227, issue=1, pageStart=42, pageEnd=60, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=7, authorNames=LI Hao, SCHINDLER C, journalName=Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Hao, SCHINDLER C. Three-Dimensional Finite Element and Analytical Modelling of Tyre-Soil Interaction[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics, 2013,227(1):42-60., articleTitle=Three-Dimensional Finite Element and Analytical Modelling of Tyre-Soil Interaction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809180856144016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=227, issue=3, pageStart=275, pageEnd=291, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=8, authorNames=LI Hao, SCHINDLER C, journalName=Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Hao, SCHINDLER C. Analysis of Soil Compaction and Tire Mobility with Finite Element Method[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics, 2013,227(3):275-291., articleTitle=Analysis of Soil Compaction and Tire Mobility with Finite Element Method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809180927447185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=222, issue=11, pageStart=1939, pageEnd=1954, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=9, authorNames=WONG JY, ASNANI V M, journalName=Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WONG JY, ASNANI V M. Study of the Correlation Between the Performances of Lunar Vehicle Wheels Predicted by the Nepean Wheeled Vehicle Performance Model and Test Data[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2008,222(11):1939-1954., articleTitle=Study of the Correlation Between the Performances of Lunar Vehicle Wheels Predicted by the Nepean Wheeled Vehicle Performance Model and Test Data, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809181002944658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=10, authorNames=WONG JY, journalName=John Wiley & Sons, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WONG JY. Theory of Ground Vehicles[M]. John Wiley & Sons, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2022., articleTitle=Theory of Ground Vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809181078442131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1991, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=318, pageEnd=325, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=11, authorNames=SCHMID I, LUDEWIG J, journalName=5th European Conference ISTVS, Sept. 4-6, 1991, Budapest, Hungary, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SCHMID I, LUDEWIG J. Improved Calculation of Sinkage of a Wheel on Soft Ground[C]// 5th European Conference ISTVS, Sept. 4-6, 1991, Budapest, Hungary, 1991:318-325., articleTitle=Improved Calculation of Sinkage of a Wheel on Soft Ground, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809181141356692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1995, volume=32, issue=1, pageStart=3, pageEnd=26, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=12, authorNames=SCHMID I C, journalName=Journal of Terramechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SCHMID I C. Interaction of Vehicle and Terrain Results from 10 Years Research at IKK[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 1995,32(1):3-26., articleTitle=Interaction of Vehicle and Terrain Results from 10 Years Research at IKK, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809181221048469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=43, issue=sup1, pageStart=384, pageEnd=394, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=13, authorNames=HARNISCH C, LACH B, JAKOBS R, journalName=Vehicle System Dynamics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HARNISCH C, LACH B, JAKOBS R, et al. A New Tyre-Soil Interaction Model for Vehicle Simulation on Deformable Ground[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2005,43(sup1):384-394., articleTitle=A New Tyre-Soil Interaction Model for Vehicle Simulation on Deformable Ground, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809181313323158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=86, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=14, authorNames=SANDU C, TAHERI S, TAHERI S, journalName=Journal of Terramechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SANDU C, TAHERI S, TAHERI S, et al. Hybrid Soft Soil Tire Model (HSSTM). Part I: Tire Material and Structure Modeling[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 2019,86:1-13., articleTitle=Hybrid Soft Soil Tire Model (HSSTM). Part I: Tire Material and Structure Modeling, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809181376237719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=86, issue=null, pageStart=15, pageEnd=29, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=15, authorNames=SANDU C, TAHERIS, TAHERI S, journalName=Journal of Terramechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SANDU C, TAHERIS, TAHERI S, et al. Hybrid Soft Soil Tire Model(HSSTM).Part II: Tire-Terrain Interaction[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 2019,86:15-29., articleTitle=Hybrid Soft Soil Tire Model(HSSTM).Part II: Tire-Terrain Interaction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809181468512408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=88, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=16, authorNames=SANDU C, TAHERIS, TAHERI S, journalName=Journal of Terramechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SANDU C, TAHERIS, TAHERI S, et al. Hybrid Soft Soil Tire Model (HSSTM). Part III: Model Parameterization and Validation[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 2020,88:1-15., articleTitle=Hybrid Soft Soil Tire Model (HSSTM). Part III: Model Parameterization and Validation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809181527232665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1969, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=17, authorNames=BEKKER G, journalName=University of Michigan Press, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BEKKER G. Introduction to Terrain-Vehicle Systems[M]. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1969., articleTitle=Introduction to Terrain-Vehicle Systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809181606924442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1967, volume=4, issue=1, pageStart=81, pageEnd=98, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=18, authorNames=WONG JY, REECE A R, journalName=Journal of Terramechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WONG JY, REECE A R. Prediction of Rigid Wheel Performance Based on the Analysis of Soil-Wheel Stresses Part I. Performance of Driven Rigid Wheels[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 1967,4(1):81-98., articleTitle=Prediction of Rigid Wheel Performance Based on the Analysis of Soil-Wheel Stresses Part I. Performance of Driven Rigid Wheels, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809181686616219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1967, volume=4, issue=2, pageStart=7, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=19, authorNames=WONG JY, REECE A R, journalName=Journal of Terramechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WONG JY, REECE A R. Prediction of Rigid Wheel Performance Based on the Analysis of Soil-Wheel Stresses: Part II. Performance of Towed Rigid Wheels[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 1967,4(2):7-25., articleTitle=Prediction of Rigid Wheel Performance Based on the Analysis of Soil-Wheel Stresses: Part II. Performance of Towed Rigid Wheels, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809181745336476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=45, issue=7, pageStart=49, pageEnd=55, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=20, authorNames=丁亮, 高海波, 邓宗全, journalName=机械工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=丁亮, 高海波, 邓宗全, 等. 基于应力分布的月球车轮地相互作用地面力学模型[J]. 机械工程学报, 2009,45(7):49-55., articleTitle=基于应力分布的月球车轮地相互作用地面力学模型, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809181820833949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=45, issue=7, pageStart=49, pageEnd=55, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=21, authorNames=DING Liang, GAO Haibo, DENG Zongquan, journalName=Journal of Mechanical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DING Liang, GAO Haibo, DENG Zongquan, et al. Terramechanics Model for Wheel-Terrain Interaction of Lunar Rover Based on Stress Distribution[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2009,45(7):49-55. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Terramechanics Model for Wheel-Terrain Interaction of Lunar Rover Based on Stress Distribution, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809181896331422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=32, issue=6, pageStart=1020, pageEnd=1025, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=22, authorNames=周蕊, 李璐璐, 谢东, journalName=材料导报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周蕊, 李璐璐, 谢东, 等. 基于修正Drucker-Prager Cap模型的金属粉末成形本构模型参数确定方法[J]. 材料导报, 2018,32(6):1020-1025., articleTitle=基于修正Drucker-Prager Cap模型的金属粉末成形本构模型参数确定方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809181963440287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=32, issue=6, pageStart=1020, pageEnd=1025, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=23, authorNames=ZHOU Rui, LI Lulu, XIE Dong, journalName=Materials Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU Rui, LI Lulu, XIE Dong, et al. A Determining Method of Constitutive Parameters for Metal Powder Compaction Based on Modified Drucker-Prager Cap Model[J]. Materials Reports, 2018,32(6):1020-1025. (in Chinese), articleTitle=A Determining Method of Constitutive Parameters for Metal Powder Compaction Based on Modified Drucker-Prager Cap Model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809182034743456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=56, issue=null, pageStart=119, pageEnd=137, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=24, authorNames=NARANJO S D, SANDU C, TAHERI S, journalName=Journal of Terramechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NARANJO S D, SANDU C, TAHERI S, et al. Experimental Testing of an Off-Road Instrumented Tire on Soft Soil[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 2014,56:119-137., articleTitle=Experimental Testing of an Off-Road Instrumented Tire on Soft Soil, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809182101852321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=85, issue=null, pageStart=77, pageEnd=88, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=25, authorNames=HE Rui, SANDU C, OSORIO J E, journalName=Journal of Terramechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HE Rui, SANDU C, OSORIO J E. Systematic Tests for Study of Tire Tractive Performance on Soft Soil: Part II-Parameterization of Terramechanics Model and Tire Model[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 2019,85:77-88., articleTitle=Systematic Tests for Study of Tire Tractive Performance on Soft Soil: Part II-Parameterization of Terramechanics Model and Tire Model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809182160572578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=95, issue=null, pageStart=33, pageEnd=58, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=26, authorNames=HE Rui, SANDU C, SHENVI M N, journalName=Journal of Terramechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HE Rui, SANDU C, SHENVI M N, et al. Laboratory Experimental Study of Tire Tractive Performance on Soft Soil: Towing Mode, Traction Mode, and Multi-Pass Effect[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 2021,95:33-58., articleTitle=Laboratory Experimental Study of Tire Tractive Performance on Soft Soil: Towing Mode, Traction Mode, and Multi-Pass Effect, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809182240264355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=27, authorNames=LEE JH, LIU Qing, ZHANG Tinggang, journalName=SAE Technical Papers, 2005-01-0932, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LEE JH, LIU Qing, ZHANG Tinggang. Predictive Semi-Analytical Model for Tire-Snow Interaction[C]// SAE Technical Papers, 2005-01-0932, 2005., articleTitle=Predictive Semi-Analytical Model for Tire-Snow Interaction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809182307373220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1913, volume=16, issue=9, pageStart=199, pageEnd=206, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=28, authorNames=BERNSTEIN R, journalName=Der Motorwagen, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BERNSTEIN R. Probleme Zur Experimentellen Motorp-flugmechanik[J]. Der Motorwagen, 1913,16(9):199-206., articleTitle=Probleme Zur Experimentellen Motorp-flugmechanik, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809182370287781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1913, volume=16, issue=9, pageStart=199, pageEnd=206, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=29, authorNames=BERNSTEIN R, journalName=The Motor Car, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BERNSTEIN R. Problems on Experimental Motor Ploughing Mechanics[J]. The Motor Car, 1913,16(9):199-206. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Problems on Experimental Motor Ploughing Mechanics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809182441590950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1936, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=30, authorNames=GORIATCHKIN B P, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GORIATCHKIN B P. Theory and Manufacturing of Agricultural Machines[Z]. Moscow: USSR Government, 1936., articleTitle=Theory and Manufacturing of Agricultural Machines, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809182500311207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=31, authorNames=庄继德, journalName=机械工业出版社, refType=null, unstructuredReference=庄继德. 计算汽车地面力学[M]. 机械工业出版社, 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002., articleTitle=计算汽车地面力学, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809182580002984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=32, authorNames=ZHUANG Jide, journalName=China Machine Press, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHUANG Jide. Computational Automotive Ground Mechanics[M]. China Machine Press, Beijing: China Machine Press, 2002. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Computational Automotive Ground Mechanics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809182655500457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1960, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=33, authorNames=BEKKER M G, journalName=University of Michigan Press, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BEKKER M G. Off-the-Road Locomotion: Research and Development in Terramechanics[M]. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1960., articleTitle=Off-the-Road Locomotion: Research and Development in Terramechanics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153809182730997930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1961, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=667, pageEnd=696, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=34, authorNames=JANOSI Z, HANAMOTO B, journalName=Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on the Mechanics of Soil-Vehicle Systems, 1961, Torino, Italy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JANOSI Z, HANAMOTO B. The Analytical Determination of Drawbar Pull as a Function of Slip for Tracked Vehicles in Deformable Soils[C]// Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on the Mechanics of Soil-Vehicle Systems, 1961, Torino, Italy, 1961:667-696., articleTitle=The Analytical Determination of Drawbar Pull as a Function of Slip for Tracked Vehicles in Deformable Soils, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1153809180281524359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, awardId=52172366, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(52172366), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1153809175906865204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153809175915253813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, companyId=1153809175906865204, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Automotive Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130022 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153809175919448118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, companyId=1153809175906865204, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=吉林大学 汽车工程学院 长春 130022)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1153809178092097637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=1NrOmfBa6PfXj3dbgfLxZg==, figureFileBig=ArDoW7hC6RCa5sADl9Ed5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809178155012198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=轮胎-松软路面相互作用有限元模型, figureFileSmall=1NrOmfBa6PfXj3dbgfLxZg==, figureFileBig=ArDoW7hC6RCa5sADl9Ed5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809178213732455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=RsAbKefy++xyeakrjc72fA==, figureFileBig=Ng6Prc9u7zrhe8xf2FeZ9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809178272452712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=修正Drucker-Prager/Cap模型, figureFileSmall=RsAbKefy++xyeakrjc72fA==, figureFileBig=Ng6Prc9u7zrhe8xf2FeZ9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809178322784361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Itw8yqLAUPf677SiagDcQw==, figureFileBig=aJ38s7lW/ng6Xr4mWcJOMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809178377310314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=轮地相互作用有限元仿真, figureFileSmall=Itw8yqLAUPf677SiagDcQw==, figureFileBig=aJ38s7lW/ng6Xr4mWcJOMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809178457002091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=oUrYLlBMqmDSS7eLa8Q8mA==, figureFileBig=jyeAJ/RZqiEJQW7MTQArUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809178519916652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, label=图 4, caption=不同滑转/滑移状态轮胎受力分析, figureFileSmall=oUrYLlBMqmDSS7eLa8Q8mA==, figureFileBig=jyeAJ/RZqiEJQW7MTQArUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809178578636909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=/Avqx+hQMfq3D0JhjAGJ+Q==, figureFileBig=fwBu2UA8l83deN9AmzpE7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809178675105902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=定载荷条件下不同滑转状态应力分析, figureFileSmall=/Avqx+hQMfq3D0JhjAGJ+Q==, figureFileBig=fwBu2UA8l83deN9AmzpE7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809178746409071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=4LOcw2kZU8YAtfzya7YgPQ==, figureFileBig=d0xU3gVv/m4/5TdAFnJPUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809178813517936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, label=图 6, caption=定沉陷量条件下不同滑转/滑移状态的应力分布特性, figureFileSmall=4LOcw2kZU8YAtfzya7YgPQ==, figureFileBig=d0xU3gVv/m4/5TdAFnJPUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809178880626801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qtvlCXc1yQPKmCko4mP+Rw==, figureFileBig=4ukcjmI3YO+4g3OQsrL6Mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809178964512882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, label=图 7, caption=压陷模拟试验, figureFileSmall=qtvlCXc1yQPKmCko4mP+Rw==, figureFileBig=4ukcjmI3YO+4g3OQsrL6Mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809179010650227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=5t/48eTI3sJWxUmyXfSTSA==, figureFileBig=r1POQLHcbwkWOqSvgtMItg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809179069370484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, label=图 8, caption=剪切模拟试验, figureFileSmall=5t/48eTI3sJWxUmyXfSTSA==, figureFileBig=r1POQLHcbwkWOqSvgtMItg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809179136479349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=gUQIOpYxnkpKIumFnWzrZg==, figureFileBig=kueT0L140xjRmo15zaccYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809179191005302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, label=图 9, caption=模型参数变化曲线 (滑转状态), figureFileSmall=gUQIOpYxnkpKIumFnWzrZg==, figureFileBig=kueT0L140xjRmo15zaccYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809179258114167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=CJXTuyJySroAqT7TBa6Gjw==, figureFileBig=8XnTeajmCzI7dW0p4BDAPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809179316834424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, label=图 10, caption=接触界面应力分布对比(滑转状态), figureFileSmall=CJXTuyJySroAqT7TBa6Gjw==, figureFileBig=8XnTeajmCzI7dW0p4BDAPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809179371360377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=OFI746XVi3CkUzpMHnmKXg==, figureFileBig=ra++ZzTMaZeTHV6ulpKa0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809179430080634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, label=图 11, caption=模型参数变化曲线 (小程度滑移), figureFileSmall=OFI746XVi3CkUzpMHnmKXg==, figureFileBig=ra++ZzTMaZeTHV6ulpKa0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809179484606587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=N/ux5J87It6TUMpBsBrPyg==, figureFileBig=gqq3tftr3GO7rPlTpFpztQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809179539132540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, label=图 12, caption=接触界面应力分布对比(小程度滑移), figureFileSmall=N/ux5J87It6TUMpBsBrPyg==, figureFileBig=gqq3tftr3GO7rPlTpFpztQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809179610435709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+tdULWaEsHPkuWIE2SldXA==, figureFileBig=Wpdsohx1gjeBt00dYMuZAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809179660767358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, label=图 13, caption=模型参数变化曲线 (大程度滑移), figureFileSmall=+tdULWaEsHPkuWIE2SldXA==, figureFileBig=Wpdsohx1gjeBt00dYMuZAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809179711099007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=nrrpyP3PVU29TjTQ8iSG1A==, figureFileBig=wp60hNh2qtu5l/bClD9CTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809179774013568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, label=图 14, caption=接触界面应力分布对比(大程度滑移), figureFileSmall=nrrpyP3PVU29TjTQ8iSG1A==, figureFileBig=wp60hNh2qtu5l/bClD9CTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809179824345217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=aTb2optjLZ/ML2Ty8ozBsA==, figureFileBig=qCHDuI+aFhnLCRToNauRDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809179870482562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, label=图 15, caption=轮胎-松软路面相互作用纵向动力学模型的表达效果, figureFileSmall=aTb2optjLZ/ML2Ty8ozBsA==, figureFileBig=qCHDuI+aFhnLCRToNauRDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153809179941785731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数
杨氏模量/MPa 20
泊松比 0.15
摩擦角 $f\left( {}^{ \circ }\right)$ 51.7
内聚力/MPa 0.036
流动应力比 1
偏心距参数 $R$ 0.5
过渡曲面参数 $\alpha$ 0
初始屈服面位置 0
), ArticleFig(id=1153809180004700292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=土壤弹塑性本构模型参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数
杨氏模量/MPa 20
泊松比 0.15
摩擦角 $f\left( {}^{ \circ }\right)$ 51.7
内聚力/MPa 0.036
流动应力比 1
偏心距参数 $R$ 0.5
过渡曲面参数 $\alpha$ 0
初始屈服面位置 0
), ArticleFig(id=1153809180076003461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
屈服应力/MPa 体积塑性应变
0.040 0 0
0.046 0 0.05
0.0528 0.10
0.060 0 0.15
0.0680 0.20
0.077 0 0.25
0.087 0 0.30
0.099 0 0.35
), ArticleFig(id=1153809180138918022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153809125545857358, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=土壤硬化规律, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
屈服应力/MPa 体积塑性应变
0.040 0 0
0.046 0 0.05
0.0528 0.10
0.060 0 0.15
0.0680 0.20
0.077 0 0.25
0.087 0 0.30
0.099 0 0.35
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1149663730306166798, delFlag=0, nameCn=汽车工程学报, nameEn=Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=2095-1469, eissn=null, cn=50-1206/U, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=jNBfZbtw0oWUAJwGjDXBiw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1752030793026, updatedTime=1761730209297, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=Q, firstLetterEn=Q, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=工程, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=jNBfZbtw0oWUAJwGjDXBiw==, picEn=AzxyR8a1Jh9nr4is1i+eyQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190346030903296709, language=CN, name=汽车工程学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761730209327, updatedTime=1761730209327, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://tougao.ijournals.cn/ch/index.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://tougao.ijournals.cn/ch/index.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://tougao.ijournals.cn/ch/index.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190346030945239750, language=EN, name=Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761730209337, updatedTime=1761730209337, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://tougao.ijournals.cn/ch/index.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://tougao.ijournals.cn/ch/index.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://tougao.ijournals.cn/ch/index.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1152916057816748034, websiteList=[Website(id=1153018156433002908, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1152916057816748034, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1752830550535, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1752831104570, updateBy=18614031015, name=汽车工程学报, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=汽车工程学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1154109936599552608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1153018156433002908, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753090851211, updateTime=1753090851211, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1154109936578581085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1153018156433002908, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753090851206, updateTime=1753090851206, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1154109936561803868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1153018156433002908, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=AAkd3aJi43D2QHSdjNHtbQ==, createTime=1753090851202, updateTime=1753090851202, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1154109936591163999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1153018156433002908, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753090851209, updateTime=1753090851209, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1154109936586969694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1153018156433002908, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753090851208, updateTime=1753090851208, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1153018156516888991, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1152916057816748034, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1752830550556, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1752831098136, updateBy=18614031015, name=汽车工程学报, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=汽车工程学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1154109989737189989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1153018156516888991, code=articleTextType, value=hep, createTime=1753090863880, updateTime=1753090863880, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1154109989716218466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1153018156516888991, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753090863875, updateTime=1753090863875, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1154109989695246945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1153018156516888991, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/file/pic?fileId=AAkd3aJi43D2QHSdjNHtbQ==, createTime=1753090863870, updateTime=1753090863870, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1154109989732995684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1153018156516888991, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1753090863879, updateTime=1753090863879, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1154109989724607075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1153018156516888991, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1753090863877, updateTime=1753090863877, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=汽车工程学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering, journalPhotoCn=jNBfZbtw0oWUAJwGjDXBiw==, journalPhotoEn=AzxyR8a1Jh9nr4is1i+eyQ==, journalFirstLetter=Q, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.05.14, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcxb/EN/10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.05.14, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcxb/CN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.05.14, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcxb/EN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.05.14, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于应力分布的轮地相互作用纵滑模型
收藏切换
PDF下载
卢荡 , 王晓凡 , 吴海东
汽车工程学报 | 系统动力学专栏 2024,14(5): 878-887
收起
收藏切换
汽车工程学报 | 系统动力学专栏 2024, 14(5): 878-887
基于应力分布的轮地相互作用纵滑模型
全屏
卢荡 , 王晓凡, 吴海东
作者信息
  • 吉林大学 汽车工程学院 长春 130022
  • 卢荡(1972-),男,黑龙江大庆人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为轮胎动力学与汽车运动控制、汽车极限运动智能非线性控制、汽车仿真工具链开发、智能轮胎开发、轮胎动力学理论与应用、非充气轮胎结构设计和多维力传感器开发。Tel:13504704159 E-mail:

Tire-Deformable Terrain Interaction Model for Longitudinal Slip Based on Stress Distribution
Dang LU , Xiaofan WANG, Haidong WU
Affiliations
  • College of Automotive Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130022 China
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.05.14
文章导航
收藏切换

松软路面条件下,轮地接触界面应力分布随滑转和沉陷的变化规律较复杂,难以进行轮胎模型的合理表达。基于有限元进行了定沉陷量条件下的轮胎纵向滑转/滑移仿真,探明了轮地接触界面应力分布特性随滑转/滑移程度的变化规律,发现在不同滑移率下应力分布呈现3种特性,分别对应滑转、小程度滑移和大程度滑移状态。通过模拟压陷、剪切试验获得土壤特性参数,建立了适用于3种滑转/滑移状态的应力分布模型,以此为基础进一步建立了轮地相互作用纵滑模型,对松软路面上的轮胎面内特性有较好的表达效果。

地面力学  /  越野车辆  /  轮胎模型  /  轮地相互作用  /  应力分布

Stress distribution at the tireground contact interface on soft terrain becomes increasingly complex under the influence of tire slip and sinkage, making it difficult to accurately model tire behavior. Using finite element analysis, the paper simulated tire longitudinal slip/skid under constant sinkage conditions. The variation in stress distribution at the tireground contact interface was investigated as the slip/skid degree changed. The results show three distinct stress distribution patterns corresponding to slip, small skid and large skid states, respectively. Soil characteristic parameters were obtained through simulating sinkage and shear tests, and the stress distribution model was established for the three slip/skid states. On this basis, the tiredeformable terrain interaction model for longitudinal slip was further developed, which effectively represents the inplane characteristics of tires on soft terrain.

terramechanics  /  off-road vehicle  /  tire model  /  tire-terrain interaction  /  stress distribution
卢荡, 王晓凡, 吴海东. 基于应力分布的轮地相互作用纵滑模型. 汽车工程学报, 2024 , 14 (5) : 878 -887 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.05.14
Dang LU, Xiaofan WANG, Haidong WU. Tire-Deformable Terrain Interaction Model for Longitudinal Slip Based on Stress Distribution[J]. Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering, 2024 , 14 (5) : 878 -887 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.05.14
对于军用车辆、越野车辆以及特种车辆而言, 其行驶环境除了铺装路面外, 还包括沙漠、沼泽、 雪地等松软路面, 轮胎-松软路面相互作用机理是研究车辆在松软路面上行驶性能的重要一环。不同于硬路面上的研究, 轮胎-松软路面相互作用涉及到牵引力、行驶阻力、沉陷、土壤压实等多种因素 [ 1 ]
多年来, 国内外学者对轮胎-松软路面相互作用进行了大量研究。PERUMPRAL 等 [ 2 ] 早在 1971 年首先将有限元方法应用到轮地相互作用分析中。 FERVERS [ 3 ] 、XIA Kaiming [ 4 - 5 ] 和 LI Hao 等 [ 6 - 8 ] 通过建立轮胎-松软路面相互作用有限元模型, 分析了胎压等因素对土壤压实响应和轮胎行驶性能的影响规律, 验证了有限元分析轮地相互作用的可靠性。除了采用有限元等数值仿真手段, 地面力学研究人员还开发了各种适用于松软路面条件的轮胎模型并进一步应用于车辆动力学仿真, 探索其在整车开发中的潜力。例如, WONG 等 [ 9 - 10 ] 开发的 NWVPM模型, HARNISCH 等 [ 11 - 13 ] 开发的 AS2TM 轮胎模型, SANDU 等 [ 14 - 16 ] 开发的三维轮胎模型 HSSTM。
轮胎模型中轮地接触界面上的应力分布是计算轮胎力的关键, 轮胎发生下陷、滑转/滑移都会改变正应力与切应力的分布特点。传统地面力学模型中, BEKKER [ 17 ] 提出承压特性公式用于正应力的计算, 但未考虑滑转对应力分布的作用。WONG 等 [ 18 - 19 ] 提出的应力分布模型考虑了滑转和滑移对于应力位置角的影响,丁亮等 [ 20 ] 对该模型进行了修正, 可以表达驱动轮的滑转沉陷现象。以上研究以载荷和滑转率为输入自变量, 通过垂向受力平衡求解得到沉陷量, 用于轮胎力和力矩的进一步计算,模型求解过程比较复杂。在一定载荷下,接触界面应力分布受到滑转与沉陷两个因素的耦合作用, 难以分析其变化规律。
为准确表达轮地接触界面应力分布特性, 进一步建立合理的松软路面轮胎模型, 本文采用固定沉陷量的加载方式进行了松软路面上的轮胎纵滑有限元仿真, 探究了轮胎滑转/滑移程度对轮地接触界面应力分布的影响, 对不同滑转/滑移状态下的应力分布模型进行了修正, 并以此为基础, 建立了定沉陷量条件下的轮胎-松软路面相互作用纵滑模型, 以期为越野轮胎动力学建模提供参考, 并进一步应用于越野车辆的设计开发、仿真等方面。
使用 $\mathrm{C}3\mathrm{D}8\mathrm{R}$ 单元建立轮胎和松软路面有限元模型, 为简化分析, 使用 Rigid Body 约束将轮胎与轮心绑定为解析刚体,轮胎半径为 ${100}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,土壤尺寸为 ${0.7}\mathrm{\;m} \times {0.2}\mathrm{\;m} \times {0.1}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,在轮地接触区域网格尺寸为 $3\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,所建立的刚性轮胎与路面有限元模型如 图 1 所示。
采用修正 Drucker-Prager/Cap 本构模型描述土壤的弹塑性特性, 利用本构模型确定的土体破坏临界状态来判别土体应力状态。如果应力状态在屈服空间内, 则土体发生可恢复变形, 表明土体具有弹性。如果应力状态在屈服空间之外, 则土壤发生不可恢复的变形, 表明土壤具有塑性。如 图 2 所示, 模型中的屈服面由三部分 (剪切破坏面、帽子面和剪切破坏与帽之间的过渡曲面)组成 [ 21 ] 。该模型能准确描述土壤的非线性变形和屈服特性, 并已广泛用于模拟各种地质材料的响应, 模型参数见 表 1表 2
轮胎纵滑有限元仿真边界条件如 图 3 所示, 对轮胎施加垂直向下的位移或载荷 ${F}_{z}$ ,保持一定位移或载荷不变,施加沿 $x$ 方向的平移速度 ${V}_{x}$ 和绕 $y$ 轴的旋转速度 $\omega$ 。轮胎平移速度固定为 ${100}\mathrm{\;{mm}}/\mathrm{s}$ ,改变转速以模拟轮胎不同滑移或滑转状态。为统一描述轮胎滑转或滑移程度,定义滑移率为:
$ s = \frac{{\omega R} - {V}_{x}}{\omega R}\text{ 。 } $
如果滑移率 $s > 0$ ,轮胎处于滑转状态; 如果滑移率 $s < 0$ ,轮胎处于滑移状态, $\left| s\right|$ 越大,滑转或滑移程度越大。
仿真所得轮胎纵向力与滑移率关系曲线如 图 4 所示,纵向力曲线与文献 [ 22 ] ~ [ 24 ] 中轮胎纵滑试验数据走势一致, 说明上述有限元模型可较好表达轮地相互作用。其中,曲线 $\mathrm{A}$ 表示轮胎驱动力矩与滚动半径之比 $T/R$ 随滑移率 $s$ 的变化,曲线 $\mathrm{B}$ 表示轮胎纵向力 ${F}_{x}$ 与滑移率 $s$ 的关系,由于土壤压实等因素产生的阻力始终存在,所以 $\mathrm{A}$ 线位于 $\mathrm{B}$ 线之上。轮胎在松软路面行驶时, 随滑移率的变化会出现 5 种状态 [ 25 ] : 纯驱动状态,纵向力为正,即为挂钩牵引力;自推进点, 挂钩牵引力为 0 , 驱动力矩为正;中间状态,驱动力矩为正,纵向力为负; 自由滚动状态 (towed), 纵向力为负, 驱动力矩为 0 ;制动状态,纵向力为负,力矩为制动力矩,符号为负。
图 4 还给出了 5 种状态下的轮胎受力平衡示意图,轮地接触界面对轮胎的作用合力 ${F}_{s}$ 与轮轴处的力与力矩平衡,滑移率 $s$ 由负到正逐渐变大的过程, 界面应力分布发生改变, ${F}_{s}$ 方向呈现顺时针变化, 对轮地接触界面上应力分布的合理表达是建立轮胎模型的关键。
图 3 中, 轮缘处某一点受到径向的正应力 $\sigma \left( \theta \right)$ 和切向的剪应力 $\tau \left( \theta \right)$ ,其中,角度 $\theta$ 为位置角, 表示接触区域某点与轮胎最低点形成的夹角, 位于最低点时 $\theta = 0,{\theta }_{1}$ 为进入角 (角度为正), ${\theta }_{2}$ 为离去角 (角度为负)。 图5 a提取了不同滑转状态的轮胎接地轮廓, 可以看到, 即使对载荷进行了控制,当滑转程度增加,轮胎的接触界面长度 ${x}_{0}$ (轮缘最低点到未扰动土壤的纵向距离)越来越大, 轮胎的沉陷量 ${z}_{0}$ (轮缘最低点到未扰动土壤的垂向距离)也越来越大,即发生了滑转沉陷,沉陷量的改变本身也会对应力大小产生影响,因此,定载荷条件下接触界面应力分布的变化规律较复杂 ( 图5 b), 应力分布的范围和大小都发生了改变。
为深入研究应力分布的变化规律, 改变轮胎垂向的加载方式——对轮胎施加固定的沉陷量, 以使接触界面轮廓与接触长度保持不变。如 图 6 所示, 提取定沉陷量条件下的应力分布仿真结果, 可以发现, 在一定沉陷量下, 应力分布的范围基本相同, 并且随滑移率改变, 应力分布形状呈现 3 种不同的特性:
1)滑转状态下 ( 图 6 a),切应力在界面上均为正, 随滑转程度增加, 切应力略微增大, 而正应力整体变小, 这解释了滑转沉陷现象——轮胎需要进一步下陷以保证同样的承载能力;
2)当出现小程度滑移时 ( 图 6 b),接地前部切应力为正, 接地后部开始出现反向的切应力, 当滑移程度增加, 前部切应力绝对值逐渐变小, 后部切应力绝对值逐渐变大, 零切应力位置逐渐前移, 即后部切应力范围逐渐扩大, 以上两种应力分布特性与WONG等 [ 18 - 19 ] 的发现一致;
3)除了前两种特性,还观察到了第 3 种特性: 随着滑移程度增大, 后部负切应力状态逐渐覆盖整个接触界面 ( 图 6 c), 其整体大小随滑移率增加逐渐变大。
通过定沉陷量的加载方式, 上述 3 种应力分布状态只反映滑转/滑移程度对于应力分布的影响而不受沉陷量变化的干扰, 因此, 可直接分析得到更清晰的应力分布特性变化规律, 在此基础上可进一步建立应力分布模型。
BEKKER 在 BERNSTEIN [ 26 ] 和 GORIATCHKIN [ 27 ] 研究的基础上, 将轮胎与地面相互作用分解为承压特性和剪切特性 [ 28 - 29 ] ,承压特性描述了正应力与下陷的关系,一般通过压板试验获取。BEKKER用以下公式表达承压特性:
$ \sigma = \left( {\frac{{k}_{c}}{b} + {k}_{\varphi }}\right) {z}^{n} \circ $
式中: ${k}_{c}$ 为土壤粘聚模量; ${k}_{\varphi }$ 为摩擦模量; $n$ 为土壤沉陷指数; $z$ 为下陷量; $b$ 为压板的特征尺寸。
土壤的剪切特性描述的是一定法向应力下土壤内部剪切应力与剪切位移之间的关系, 一般采用 JANOSI 等 [ 30 ] 提出的剪切特性公式表达:
$ \tau = {\tau }_{\max }\left( {1 - {e}^{-j/K}}\right) $
$ = \left( {c + \sigma \tan \varphi }\right) {\left( 1 - {e}^{-j/K}\right) }^{ \circ } $
式中: ${\tau }_{\max }$ 为土壤表面能承受的最大剪切应力,可以用摩尔-库仑方程来描述; $K$ 为土壤剪切变形模量; $j$ 为剪切位移; $c$ 为土壤内聚力; $\varphi$ 为土壤内摩擦角。
为确定承压与剪切公式中的参数, 基于 FEM 进行了一系列模拟试验。如 图 7 a 所示,将压板垂直压入土壤中模拟压陷试验,土壤模型尺寸为 $1\mathrm{\;m} \times 1\mathrm{\;m} \times$ ${0.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,压板具有不同半径,分别为 ${50}\text{、}{100}\text{、}{150}$ $\mathrm{{mm}}$ 。所得正应力与沉陷量关系如 图7 b所示,采用式(2)进行拟合,得到土壤承压特性中粘聚模量 ${k}_{c} = {10.9}\mathrm{{kPa}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{n - 1}$ ,摩擦模量 ${k}_{\varphi } = {202}\mathrm{{kPa}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{n}$
图 8 a 所示,使用剪切箱进行剪切模拟试验, 首先将垂向压力施加到剪切箱上, 之后对剪切箱施加横向的位移, 在土壤层之间产生剪切应力。提取不同的垂向压力下仿真所得剪切应力最大值, 如 图8 $\mathrm{\;b}$ 所示,采用式 (3) 进行拟合,得到土壤剪切特性参数: 内聚力 $c = {39.2}\mathrm{{kPa}}$ ,内摩擦角 $\varphi = {22.1}^{ \circ }$ 。 (b) 正应力-剪切应力最大值关系曲线
根据 Wong-Reece 驱动轮正应力公式 [ 18 ] 和 Janosi 切应力公式, 可得到滑转状态的正应力与切应力分布:
$ \left\{ \begin{array}{l} {\sigma }_{1}\left( \theta \right) = \left( {\frac{{k}_{c}}{b} + {k}_{\varphi }}\right) {\left( R\left( \cos \theta - \cos {\theta }_{1}\right) \right) }^{n} \\ {\sigma }_{2}\left( \theta \right) = \left( {\frac{{k}_{c}}{b} + {k}_{\varphi }}\right) \\ {\left( R\left( \cos \left( {\theta }_{1} - \left( {\theta }_{1} - {\theta }_{\mathrm{m}}\right) \left( \frac{\theta }{{\theta }_{\mathrm{m}}} - {\theta }_{2}\right) \right) - \cos {\theta }_{1}\right) \right) }^{n} \\ {\tau }_{1}\left( \theta \right) = \left( {c + {\sigma }_{1}\left( \theta \right) \tan \varphi }\right) \left( {1 - {e}^{-{i\theta }/R}}\right) \\ {\tau }_{2}\left( \theta \right) = \left( {c + {\sigma }_{1}\left( \theta \right) \tan \varphi }\right) \left( {1 - {e}^{-{i\theta }/R}}\right) \end{array}\right. $
式中: ${\theta }_{\mathrm{m}}$ 为正应力峰值对应的位置角,将接触界面分为两部分, ${\theta }_{\mathrm{m}} \sim {\theta }_{1}$ 为接地前部, ${\theta }_{2} \sim {\theta }_{\mathrm{m}}$ 为接地后部 (一般情况下 ${\theta }_{2} = 0$ ), ${\sigma }_{1}\left( \theta \right) ,{\tau }_{1}\left( \theta \right)$ 为接地前部的正应力和切应力分布公式, ${\sigma }_{2}\left( \theta \right) ,{\tau }_{2}\left( \theta \right)$ 为接地后部的正应力和切应力分布公式。
剪切位移计算为:
$ j\left( \theta \right) = {\int }_{\theta }^{{\theta }_{1}}R\left( {1 - \left( {1 - s}\right) \cos \theta }\right) \mathrm{d}\theta $
$ = R\left( {\left( {{\theta }_{1} - \theta }\right) - \left( {1 - s}\right) \left( {\sin {\theta }_{1} - \sin \theta }\right) }\right) $
进入角 ${\theta }_{1}$ 可由沉陷量 ${z}_{0}$ 计算得到:
$ {\theta }_{1} = \arccos \left( {1 - {z}_{0}/R}\right) \text{。} $
采用位置系数 ${c}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 计算正应力峰值位置角:
$ {\theta }_{\mathrm{m}} = {c}_{\mathrm{m}}{\theta }_{1} \circ $
滑转对于应力分布的影响体现在两方面:
1)若滑转程度改变, 正应力峰值出现的位置会发生变化;
2)正应力、切应力整体大小也会随滑转程度改变而变化。
由式 (4) 可知, 正应力峰值位置由位置系数 ${c}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 决定,正应力与切应力大小与沉陷指数 $n$ 、剪切变形模量 $K$ 和剪切位移 $j$ 有关。
因此,可将上述模型参数视作滑移率 $s$ 的函数, 以表达正应力峰值位置、正应力与切应力大小受滑转程度的影响。
$ \left\{ {\begin{array}{l} {c}_{\mathrm{m}} = f\left( s\right) \\ n = f\left( s\right) \\ K = f\left( s\right) \end{array}。}\right. $
WONG 等 [ 19 ] 通过对轮地接触界面应力分析发现, 从动轮应力分布不同于驱动轮, 接触界面前部切应力为正, 后部切应力为负, 在切应力为 0 的位置 ${\theta }_{0}$ ,正应力出现峰值,这与小程度滑移时的应力分布状态一致 ( 图 6 b)。根据 Wong-Reece 从动轮正应力公式和 Janosi 切应力公式, 可得到小程度滑移状态的正应力与切应力分布:
$ \left\{ \begin{array}{l} {\sigma }_{1}\left( \theta \right) = \left( {\frac{{k}_{c}}{b} + {k}_{\varphi }}\right) {\left( R\left( \cos \theta - \cos {\theta }_{1}\right) \right) }^{n} \\ {\sigma }_{2}\left( \theta \right) = \left( {\frac{{k}_{c}}{b} + {k}_{\varphi }}\right) \\ {\left( R\left( \cos \left( {\theta }_{1} - \left( {\theta }_{1} - {\theta }_{0}\right) \right) \left( \frac{\theta - {\theta }_{2}}{{\theta }_{1} - {\theta }_{2}}\right) \right) - \cos {\theta }_{1}\right) }^{n} \\ {\tau }_{1}\left( \theta \right) = \left( {c + {\sigma }_{1}\left( \theta \right) \tan \varphi }\right) \left( {1 - {e}^{-i\left( {\theta /0}\right) R}}\right) \\ {\tau }_{2}\left( \theta \right) = \left( {c + {\sigma }_{2}\left( \theta \right) \tan \varphi }\right) \left( {1 - {e}^{-i\left( {\theta /0}\right) R}}\right) \end{array}\right. $
其中, 剪切位移的计算考虑了土壤流动:
$ \left\{ \begin{array}{l} {j}_{1}\left( \theta \right) = R\left( {\left( {{\theta }_{1} - \theta }\right) \left( \frac{\left( {1 - s}\right) \left( {\sin {\theta }_{1} - \sin {\theta }_{0}}\right) }{\left( {\theta }_{1} - {\theta }_{0}\right) }\right) - }\right) \\ \left( {1 - s}\right) \left( {\left( {1 - s}\right) \left( {\sin {\theta }_{1} - \sin \theta }\right) }\right) \\ {j}_{2}\left( \theta \right) = R\left( {\left( {\theta - {\theta }_{2}}\right) \left( \frac{\left( {1 - s}\right) \left( {\sin {\theta }_{0} - \sin {\theta }_{2}}\right) }{\left( {\theta }_{0} - {\theta }_{2}\right) }\right) }\right) - \\ \left( {1 - s}\right) \left( {\sin \theta - \sin {\theta }_{0}}\right) \end{array}\right. $
定义位置系数 ${c}_{0}$ 以计算零切应力位置角 ${\theta }_{0}$ :
$ {\theta }_{0} = {c}_{0}{\theta }_{1} \circ $
同样地,将位置系数 ${c}_{0}$ 、沉陷指数 $n$ 与剪切变形模量 $K$ 视为滑移率 $s$ 的函数,以考虑零切应力位置以及正应力、切应力大小受滑移程度的影响。
$ \left\{ {\begin{array}{l} {c}_{0} = f\left( s\right) \\ n = f\left( s\right) \\ K = f\left( s\right) \end{array}。}\right. $
大滑移状态下, 切应力在整个界面上均为负, 与滑转状态方向相反。应力分布可按式(4)计算。
以上 3 组滑转/滑移状态的应力计算公式考虑了滑转/滑移程度对应力位置角和应力大小的影响, 组成了定沉陷量条件下的应力分布模型, 可描述驱动或从动车轮与松软路面接触界面上的应力分布特性。
由式 (4) 可知, 滑转程度对正应力的作用主要由沉陷指数 $n$ 和位置系数 ${c}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 体现。如 图 9 a 所示, 滑转程度越大, $n$ 越大,正应力整体减小; ${c}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 受滑移率变化影响较小, 则正应力峰值出现位置基本不变。切应力大小受正应力 $\sigma$ 、剪切位移 $j$ 、剪切变形模量 $K$ 的综合影响,在一定的接触界面轮廓上, 当滑转程度增加时, 正应力整体减小, 而接触界面上的剪切位移与模量之比 $j/K$ 增大 ( 图 10 b),由式 (4) 可知,切应力大小与 $j/K$ 成正比,所以切应力整体随滑转增加而略微增大 ( 图 10 )。
图 11 描述了小程度滑移状态下模型参数 $n$${c}_{0}$$j/K$ 受滑移率的影响,其中,位置系数 ${c}_{0}$ 随滑移率增加而增加, 意味着零切应力出现位置随滑移率增加而前移; 沉陷指数 $n$ 受滑移率变化影响较小,此时正应力整体大小几乎不变; 剪切位移与模量之比 $j/K$ 在接地前部为正,接地后部为负,且整体随滑移率增加而逐渐减小, 如 图 12 所示, 随滑移率增加,接地后部切应力绝对值增大,与 $j/K$ 变化趋势
图 13 描述了大程度滑移状态下的模型参数 $n$${c}_{\mathrm{m}}$$j/K$ 随滑移率的变化规律,其中,沉陷指数 $n$ 和位置系数 ${c}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 受滑移率变化影响较小,说明正应力几乎不受滑移程度变化的影响; 剪切位移与模量之比 $j/K$ 在整个接触界面上为负,当滑移率增加时,其绝对值增大, 则切应力绝对值也增大, 与 图 14 表达的趋势一致。
图 101214 所示的模型与有限元对比可知, 应力分布模型可表达 3 种滑转/滑移状态下的轮地接触界面应力分布特性。
当轮地接触界面正应力和切应力分布确定后, 将其在接触区域进行积分, 可以得到不同滑转/滑移状态下的垂向力 ${F}_{z}$ 、纵向力 ${F}_{x}$ 和驱动力矩 $T$ ,即建立了轮胎-松软路面相互作用纵滑模型。不同于以载荷为输入的建模方式, 以沉陷量为输入的建模方式简化了求解过程, 降低了模型参数辨识的复杂程度。
$ {F}_{z} = {Rb}\left( {{\int }_{{\theta }_{\mathrm{m}}}^{{\theta }_{1}}{\sigma }_{1}\left( \theta \right) \cos \theta \mathrm{d}\theta + {\int }_{{\theta }_{2}}^{{\theta }_{\mathrm{m}}}{\sigma }_{2}\left( \theta \right) \cos \theta \mathrm{d}\theta }\right) + \\ {Rb}\left( {{\int }_{{\theta }_{\mathrm{m}}}^{{\theta }_{1}}{\tau }_{1}\left( \theta \right) \sin \theta \mathrm{d}\theta + {\int }_{{\theta }_{2}}^{{\theta }_{\mathrm{m}}}{\tau }_{2}\left( \theta \right) \sin \theta \mathrm{d}\theta }\right) $
$ {F}_{x} = {Rb}\left( {-{\int }_{{\theta }_{\mathrm{m}}}^{{\theta }_{1}}{\sigma }_{1}\left( \theta \right) \sin \theta \mathrm{d}\theta - {\int }_{{\theta }_{2}}^{{\theta }_{\mathrm{m}}}{\sigma }_{2}\left( \theta \right) \sin \theta \mathrm{d}\theta }\right) + \\ {Rb}\left( {{\int }_{{\theta }_{\mathrm{m}}}^{{\theta }_{1}}{\tau }_{1}\left( \theta \right) \cos \theta \mathrm{d}\theta + {\int }_{{\theta }_{2}}^{{\theta }_{m}}{\tau }_{2}\left( \theta \right) \cos \theta \mathrm{d}\theta }\right) $
$ T = {R}^{2}b\left( {{\int }_{{\theta }_{\mathrm{m}}}^{{\theta }_{1}}{\tau }_{1}\left( \theta \right) \mathrm{d}\theta + {\int }_{{\theta }_{2}}^{{\theta }_{\mathrm{m}}}{\tau }_{2}\left( \theta \right) \mathrm{d}\theta }\right) 。 $
纵向力与滑移率关系曲线如 图 15 a 所示,滑移率被分为 3 段, 分别对应 3 种应力分布特性:
1)滑转状态,此时接触界面整体切应力符号为正, 轮胎受到驱动力矩的作用;
2)小程度滑移状态, 此时接触界面后部切应力由正转为负,在 图 4 所示的自由滚动状态点切应力积分为 0 ,则轮胎驱动力矩为 0 ;
3)大程度滑移状态,此时切应力整体为负, 轮胎受到制动力矩。
轮胎力-滑移率关系曲线如 图 15 所示, 模型预测结果与有限元仿真结果较为一致, 其中, 纵向力预测精度为 99.9%,驱动力矩的预测精度为 98.9%, 垂向力的预测精度为 95.6%,说明该模型可较准确地表达制动与驱动状态下轮胎在松软路面上的面内特性。
本文研究了轮胎滑转/滑移程度对轮地接触界面应力分布的影响规律, 建立了基于应力分布的轮地相互作用纵滑模型,结论如下。
1)定沉陷量的轮胎纵滑仿真由于排除了沉陷量变化的影响, 所得应力分布变化规律更加清晰, 观察到在不同滑转/滑移程度下应力分布呈现 3 种特性, 对应 3 种滑转/滑移状态: 滑转状态, 切应力在界面上均为正, 正应力大小随滑转程度增大而减小; 小程度滑移状态, 切应力呈现 “前正后负” 的特点, 滑移程度越大, 后部切应力范围变大; 大程度滑移状态下,后部负切应力状态覆盖整个接触界面。
2)基于土壤承压与剪切特性建立了定沉陷量条件下 3 种滑转/滑移状态的应力分布模型,考虑了应力位置角、正应力与切应力大小受滑转/滑移程度的影响。3 种滑转/滑移状态下,应力分布模型预测结果与有限元仿真结果具有相同的变化趋势, 应力分布模型具有较好的表达效果。
3)建立了基于应力分布的轮胎-松软路面相互作用纵滑模型, 3 种滑转/滑移状态的垂向力、纵向力、驱动力矩的模型预测值与有限元结果较为一致,模型精度较高。与定载荷的建模方式相比,以沉陷量为输入的建模方式降低了模型复杂程度, 可进一步应用于越野性能的汽车动力学分析。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52172366)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
王彬星, 任焱晞, 刘玉, 等. 轮胎-土壤相互作用的研究现状和发展[J]. 农业装备与车辆工程, 2014,52(12):14-22.
WANG Binxing, REN Yanxi, LIU Yu, et al. Present Status and Developing Trend of Tire-Soil Interaction Research[J]. Agricultural Equipment & Vehicle Engineering, 2014,52(12):14-22. (in Chinese)
[2]
PERUMPRAL JV, LILJEDAHL JB, PERLOFF W H. A Numerical Method for Predicting the Stress Distribution and Soil Deformation Under a Tractor Wheel[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 1971,8(1):9-22.
[3]
FERVERS C W. Improved FEM Simulation Model for Tire-Soil Interaction[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 2004,41(2):87-100.
[4]
XIA Kaiming. Finite Element Modeling of Tire/Terrain Interaction: Application to Predicting Soil Compaction and Tire Mobility[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 2011,48(2):113-123.
[5]
XIA Kaiming, YANG Yunming. Three-Dimensional Finite Element Modeling of Tire-Ground Interaction[J]. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 2012,36(4):498-516.
[6]
LI Hao, SCHINDLER C. Investigation of Tire-Soil Interaction with Analytical and Finite Element Method[J]. Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2013,41(3):293-315.
[7]
LI Hao, SCHINDLER C. Three-Dimensional Finite Element and Analytical Modelling of Tyre-Soil Interaction[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics, 2013,227(1):42-60.
[8]
LI Hao, SCHINDLER C. Analysis of Soil Compaction and Tire Mobility with Finite Element Method[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics, 2013,227(3):275-291.
[9]
WONG JY, ASNANI V M. Study of the Correlation Between the Performances of Lunar Vehicle Wheels Predicted by the Nepean Wheeled Vehicle Performance Model and Test Data[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2008,222(11):1939-1954.
[10]
WONG JY. Theory of Ground Vehicles[M]. John Wiley & Sons, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2022.
[11]
SCHMID I, LUDEWIG J. Improved Calculation of Sinkage of a Wheel on Soft Ground[C]// 5th European Conference ISTVS, Sept. 4-6, 1991, Budapest, Hungary, 1991:318-325.
[12]
SCHMID I C. Interaction of Vehicle and Terrain Results from 10 Years Research at IKK[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 1995,32(1):3-26.
[13]
HARNISCH C, LACH B, JAKOBS R, et al. A New Tyre-Soil Interaction Model for Vehicle Simulation on Deformable Ground[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2005,43(sup1):384-394.
[14]
SANDU C, TAHERI S, TAHERI S, et al. Hybrid Soft Soil Tire Model (HSSTM). Part I: Tire Material and Structure Modeling[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 2019,86:1-13.
[15]
SANDU C, TAHERIS, TAHERI S, et al. Hybrid Soft Soil Tire Model(HSSTM).Part II: Tire-Terrain Interaction[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 2019,86:15-29.
[16]
SANDU C, TAHERIS, TAHERI S, et al. Hybrid Soft Soil Tire Model (HSSTM). Part III: Model Parameterization and Validation[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 2020,88:1-15.
[17]
BEKKER G. Introduction to Terrain-Vehicle Systems[M]. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1969.
[18]
WONG JY, REECE A R. Prediction of Rigid Wheel Performance Based on the Analysis of Soil-Wheel Stresses Part I. Performance of Driven Rigid Wheels[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 1967,4(1):81-98.
[19]
WONG JY, REECE A R. Prediction of Rigid Wheel Performance Based on the Analysis of Soil-Wheel Stresses: Part II. Performance of Towed Rigid Wheels[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 1967,4(2):7-25.
[20]
丁亮, 高海波, 邓宗全, 等. 基于应力分布的月球车轮地相互作用地面力学模型[J]. 机械工程学报, 2009,45(7):49-55.
DING Liang, GAO Haibo, DENG Zongquan, et al. Terramechanics Model for Wheel-Terrain Interaction of Lunar Rover Based on Stress Distribution[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2009,45(7):49-55. (in Chinese)
[21]
周蕊, 李璐璐, 谢东, 等. 基于修正Drucker-Prager Cap模型的金属粉末成形本构模型参数确定方法[J]. 材料导报, 2018,32(6):1020-1025.
ZHOU Rui, LI Lulu, XIE Dong, et al. A Determining Method of Constitutive Parameters for Metal Powder Compaction Based on Modified Drucker-Prager Cap Model[J]. Materials Reports, 2018,32(6):1020-1025. (in Chinese)
[22]
NARANJO S D, SANDU C, TAHERI S, et al. Experimental Testing of an Off-Road Instrumented Tire on Soft Soil[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 2014,56:119-137.
[23]
HE Rui, SANDU C, OSORIO J E. Systematic Tests for Study of Tire Tractive Performance on Soft Soil: Part II-Parameterization of Terramechanics Model and Tire Model[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 2019,85:77-88.
[24]
HE Rui, SANDU C, SHENVI M N, et al. Laboratory Experimental Study of Tire Tractive Performance on Soft Soil: Towing Mode, Traction Mode, and Multi-Pass Effect[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 2021,95:33-58.
[25]
LEE JH, LIU Qing, ZHANG Tinggang. Predictive Semi-Analytical Model for Tire-Snow Interaction[C]// SAE Technical Papers, 2005-01-0932, 2005.
[26]
BERNSTEIN R. Probleme Zur Experimentellen Motorp-flugmechanik[J]. Der Motorwagen, 1913,16(9):199-206.
BERNSTEIN R. Problems on Experimental Motor Ploughing Mechanics[J]. The Motor Car, 1913,16(9):199-206. (in Chinese)
[27]
GORIATCHKIN B P. Theory and Manufacturing of Agricultural Machines[Z]. Moscow: USSR Government, 1936.
[28]
庄继德. 计算汽车地面力学[M]. 机械工业出版社, 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002.
ZHUANG Jide. Computational Automotive Ground Mechanics[M]. China Machine Press, Beijing: China Machine Press, 2002. (in Chinese)
[29]
BEKKER M G. Off-the-Road Locomotion: Research and Development in Terramechanics[M]. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1960.
[30]
JANOSI Z, HANAMOTO B. The Analytical Determination of Drawbar Pull as a Function of Slip for Tracked Vehicles in Deformable Soils[C]// Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on the Mechanics of Soil-Vehicle Systems, 1961, Torino, Italy, 1961:667-696.
2024年第14卷第5期
PDF下载
298
111
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.05.14
  • 接收时间:2024-08-15
  • 首发时间:2025-07-20
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-15
  • 修回日期:2024-08-29
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52172366)
作者信息
    吉林大学 汽车工程学院 长春 130022
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.05.14
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏