Article(id=1153756965617525531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, issueId=1153756963994329869, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095‒1469.2025.02.05, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710777600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-19, revisedDate=1715616000000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753006696371, onlineDateStr=2025-07-20, pubDate=1742400000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753006696371, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753006696371, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753006696371, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153756963994329869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, year='2025', volume='15', issue='2', pageStart='125', pageEnd='262', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753006695984, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757654146268, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1173249783352410923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, issueId=1153756963994329869, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1173249783352410924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, issueId=1153756963994329869, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=164, endPage=176, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153756966041150236, articleId=1153756965617525531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, language=EN, title=Optimized Data-Driven Model for Predicting Commercial Vehicle Energy Consumption, columnId=1153756965466530584, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering, columnName=Green and Low-Carbon Technologies Section, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Taking a domestic fuel commercial vehicle as an example, an energy consumption optimization prediction model suitable for commercial vehicles was constructed using the Internet of Vehicles big data platform and a neural network model. Firstly, the historical vehicle operation data was preprocessed to analyze the correlation between different vehicle operation characteristic data. Secondly, an adaptive weight attention mechanism was introduced based on Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) and the characteristics of vehicle data. The Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm (IWOA) was used to optimize the network hyperparameters of the model, leading to the construction of the IWOA-BilSTM-Attention commercial vehicle energy consumption optimization prediction model. Finally, the prediction performance of multiple models under different driving conditions were compared and analyzed. The results show that under actual driving conditions, the root mean square error and the mean absolute error of the optimized model are reduced by approximately 26.73% and 20.0%, respectively, compared with the original model. This verifies the feasibility of the optimized model for predicting the energy consumption of commercial vehicles.
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以国内某燃油商用车为例,利用车联网大数据平台和神经网络模型构建适用于商用车的能耗优化预测模型。将车辆历史运行数据进行预处理,分析车辆运行特征数据之间的相关性。基于双向长短期记忆网络(BiLSTM),结合车辆数据特征引入自适应权重的注意力机制,使用改进鲸鱼优化算法(IWOA)对模型的网络超参数组合进行优化,构建了IWOA-BiLSTM-Attention商用车能耗优化预测模型。对比分析了多个模型在不同驾驶工况下的预测效果,结果显示,在实际驾驶工况下,优化模型相较于原模型的均方根误差、平均绝对误差分别降低了约26.73%和20.0%,验证了该优化模型在商用车能耗预测上的可行性。
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胡明茂(1980-),男,湖北十堰人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为车辆稳定性控制、车辆人机工程学、制造系统优化、制造信息系统。 E-mail:
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, authorsList=李帅雨, 师国东, 胡明茂, 宫爱红, 龚青山, 方剑, 谭浩)}, authors=[Author(id=1175545779709161573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153756965617525531, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1830073747@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1175545779847573607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153756965617525531, authorId=1175545779709161573, language=EN, stringName=Shuaiyu LI, firstName=Shuaiyu, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 School of Mechanical Engineering,Hubei University of Automotive Technology,Shiyan 442002,Hubei,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1175545779960819816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153756965617525531, authorId=1175545779709161573, language=CN, stringName=李帅雨, firstName=帅雨, middleName=null, lastName=李, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 湖北汽车工业学院 机械工程学院,湖北,十堰 442002, bio={"img":"hL3GQLI+2YOM5vtKYPbdpA==","content":"
李帅雨(1999-),男,河南许昌人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为车辆大数据分析与应用。 E-mail:1830073747@qq.com
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李帅雨(1999-),男,河南许昌人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为车辆大数据分析与应用。 E-mail:1830073747@qq.com
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1 School of Mechanical Engineering,Hubei University of Automotive Technology,Shiyan 442002,Hubei,China
2 Hubei Key Laboratory of Automotive Power Transmission and Electronic Control,Shiyan 442002,Hubei,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1175545780384444538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153756965617525531, authorId=1175545780212478068, language=CN, stringName=胡明茂, firstName=明茂, middleName=null, lastName=胡, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 湖北汽车工业学院 机械工程学院,湖北,十堰 442002
2 汽车动力传动与电子控制湖北省重点实验室,湖北,十堰 442002, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1175545779482669147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153756965617525531, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1175545779486863452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153756965617525531, companyId=1175545779482669147, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1 湖北汽车工业学院 机械工程学院,湖北,十堰 442002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1175545779553972318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153756965617525531, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1175545779562360927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153756965617525531, companyId=1175545779553972318, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 Hubei Key Laboratory of Automotive Power Transmission and Electronic Control,Shiyan 442002,Hubei,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1175545779570749536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153756965617525531, companyId=1175545779553972318, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 汽车动力传动与电子控制湖北省重点实验室,湖北,十堰 442002)])]), Author(id=1175545780464136317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153756965617525531, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1175545780543828096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153756965617525531, authorId=1175545780464136317, language=EN, stringName=Aihong GONG, firstName=Aihong, middleName=null, lastName=GONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 School of Mechanical Engineering,Hubei University of Automotive Technology,Shiyan 442002,Hubei,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1175545780841623692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153756965617525531, authorId=1175545780678045830, language=CN, stringName=龚青山, firstName=青山, middleName=null, lastName=龚, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 湖北汽车工业学院 机械工程学院,湖北,十堰 442002)])]), Author(id=1175545780900343951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153756965617525531, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1175545780988424339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153756965617525531, authorId=1175545780900343951, language=EN, stringName=Jian FANG, firstName=Jian, middleName=null, lastName=FANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
3, address=
3 Dongfeng Commercial Vehicle Co.,Ltd.,Shiyan 442002,Hubei,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1175545781076504726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153756965617525531, authorId=1175545780900343951, language=CN, stringName=方剑, firstName=剑, middleName=null, lastName=方, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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3 东风商用车有限公司,湖北,十堰 442002, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1175545779629469793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153756965617525531, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1175545779637858402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153756965617525531, companyId=1175545779629469793, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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3 东风商用车有限公司,湖北,十堰 442002)])]), Author(id=1175545781152002200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153756965617525531, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1175545781231693978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153756965617525531, authorId=1175545781152002200, language=EN, stringName=Hao TAN, firstName=Hao, middleName=null, lastName=TAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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| 超参数类型 | 第1组 | 第2组 | 第3组 |
| Learning rate | [0.001,0.05] | [0.001,0.5] | [0.001,1] |
| epochs | [10,50] | [10,100] | [10,200] |
| hidden_1、hidden_2 | [1,10] | [1,20] | [1,40] |
| FC Layer | [1,50] | [1,100] | [1,200] |
| Batch size | [16,32] | [16,64] | [8,128] |
| 最优超参数组合 | [0.031 680 777,33,4,1,23,29] | [0.020 564 115,45,2,12,3,61] | [0.059 322 906,110,33,35,35,116] |
| 误差评价指标 (RMSE、MAE、R 2) | 0.016 0 0.009 7 0.998 7 | 0.015 3 0.009 2 0.998 8 | 0.015 9 0.010 8 0.998 7 |
| 用时/s | 16.30 | 18.16 | 34.51 |
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不同寻优区间内的参数寻优结果对比
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| 超参数类型 | 第1组 | 第2组 | 第3组 |
| Learning rate | [0.001,0.05] | [0.001,0.5] | [0.001,1] |
| epochs | [10,50] | [10,100] | [10,200] |
| hidden_1、hidden_2 | [1,10] | [1,20] | [1,40] |
| FC Layer | [1,50] | [1,100] | [1,200] |
| Batch size | [16,32] | [16,64] | [8,128] |
| 最优超参数组合 | [0.031 680 777,33,4,1,23,29] | [0.020 564 115,45,2,12,3,61] | [0.059 322 906,110,33,35,35,116] |
| 误差评价指标 (RMSE、MAE、R 2) | 0.016 0 0.009 7 0.998 7 | 0.015 3 0.009 2 0.998 8 | 0.015 9 0.010 8 0.998 7 |
| 用时/s | 16.30 | 18.16 | 34.51 |
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| 数据类别 | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th |
| 燃油消耗率/(L/10 km) | 0 | 0.029 | 0.294 | 0.453 | 0.434 |
| GPS车速/(km/h) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 发动机转矩/Nm | 0 | 6.4 | 18.2 | 22 | 21.2 |
| 发动机转速/(r/min) | 0 | 30.6 | 641 | 711.1 | 713.9 |
| 变速器转速/(r/min) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 油门开度/% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 机油压力/kPa | 0 | 0 | 408 | 416 | 456 |
| 发动机水温/℃ | 27 | 27 | 27 | 26.4 | 26 |
| 大气温度/℃ | 29.6 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
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商用车实车运行数据
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| 数据类别 | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th |
| 燃油消耗率/(L/10 km) | 0 | 0.029 | 0.294 | 0.453 | 0.434 |
| GPS车速/(km/h) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 发动机转矩/Nm | 0 | 6.4 | 18.2 | 22 | 21.2 |
| 发动机转速/(r/min) | 0 | 30.6 | 641 | 711.1 | 713.9 |
| 变速器转速/(r/min) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 油门开度/% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 机油压力/kPa | 0 | 0 | 408 | 416 | 456 |
| 发动机水温/℃ | 27 | 27 | 27 | 26.4 | 26 |
| 大气温度/℃ | 29.6 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
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| 函数 | 函数名 | 基准测试公式 | 范围 |
| F1 | Rastrigin | | [-5.12,5.12] |
| F2 | Rosenbrock | | [-5.12,5.12] |
| F3 | Griewank | | [-50,50] |
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基准测试函数
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| 函数 | 函数名 | 基准测试公式 | 范围 |
| F1 | Rastrigin | | [-5.12,5.12] |
| F2 | Rosenbrock | | [-5.12,5.12] |
| F3 | Griewank | | [-50,50] |
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| 迭代次数 | 全连接层 层数 | 平均损失值/MSE | 训练用时/s | 效果排名 |
| 500 | 5 | 0.002 0 | 331.83 | 4 |
| 500 | 10 | 0.002 9 | 321.78 | 9 |
| 500 | 20 | 0.002 1 | 308.85 | 6 |
| 1 000 | 20 | 0.002 4 | 813.06 | 8 |
| 1 000 | 10 | 0.001 7 | 706.76 | 2 |
| 1 000 | 5 | 0.002 0 | 781.46 | 4 |
| 2 000 | 5 | 0.001 4 | 1 482.47 | 1 |
| 2 000 | 10 | 0.001 7 | 1 356.06 | 2 |
| 2 000 | 20 | 0.002 1 | 1 338.82 | 6 |
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LSTM超参数试错试验
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| 迭代次数 | 全连接层 层数 | 平均损失值/MSE | 训练用时/s | 效果排名 |
| 500 | 5 | 0.002 0 | 331.83 | 4 |
| 500 | 10 | 0.002 9 | 321.78 | 9 |
| 500 | 20 | 0.002 1 | 308.85 | 6 |
| 1 000 | 20 | 0.002 4 | 813.06 | 8 |
| 1 000 | 10 | 0.001 7 | 706.76 | 2 |
| 1 000 | 5 | 0.002 0 | 781.46 | 4 |
| 2 000 | 5 | 0.001 4 | 1 482.47 | 1 |
| 2 000 | 10 | 0.001 7 | 1 356.06 | 2 |
| 2 000 | 20 | 0.002 1 | 1 338.82 | 6 |
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| 预测模型 | A类工况 | B类工况 | 实际工况 |
| RMSE | MAE | R 2 | RMSE | MAE | R 2 | RMSE | MAE | R 2 |
| LSTM | 0.037 1 | 0.028 4 | 0.993 0 | 0.330 1 | 0.212 0 | 0.441 6 | 0.034 9 | 0.027 9 | 0.993 8 |
| BiLSTM | 0.032 4 | 0.026 1 | 0.994 6 | 0.320 3 | 0.203 8 | 0.474 3 | 0.020 2 | 0.011 6 | 0.997 9 |
| BiLSTM-Attention | 0.018 8 | 0.011 4 | 0.998 2 | 0.332 4 | 0.204 4 | 0.433 7 | 0.019 3 | 0.011 5 | 0.998 1 |
| IWOA-BiLSTM-Attention | 0.014 5 | 0.018 7 | 0.998 9 | 0.320 8 | 0.200 2 | 0.536 4 | 0.014 8 | 0.009 3 | 0.998 8 |
), ArticleFig(id=1175545784398393586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153756965617525531, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
A、B类工况及实际工况下各模型评价结果
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| 预测模型 | A类工况 | B类工况 | 实际工况 |
| RMSE | MAE | R 2 | RMSE | MAE | R 2 | RMSE | MAE | R 2 |
| LSTM | 0.037 1 | 0.028 4 | 0.993 0 | 0.330 1 | 0.212 0 | 0.441 6 | 0.034 9 | 0.027 9 | 0.993 8 |
| BiLSTM | 0.032 4 | 0.026 1 | 0.994 6 | 0.320 3 | 0.203 8 | 0.474 3 | 0.020 2 | 0.011 6 | 0.997 9 |
| BiLSTM-Attention | 0.018 8 | 0.011 4 | 0.998 2 | 0.332 4 | 0.204 4 | 0.433 7 | 0.019 3 | 0.011 5 | 0.998 1 |
| IWOA-BiLSTM-Attention | 0.014 5 | 0.018 7 | 0.998 9 | 0.320 8 | 0.200 2 | 0.536 4 | 0.014 8 | 0.009 3 | 0.998 8 |
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