Article(id=1153022347197010083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, issueId=1153022343707353180, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2025.03.14, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725379200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-04, revisedDate=1730649600000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752831549690, onlineDateStr=2025-07-18, pubDate=1747670400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752831549690, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752831549690, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752831549690, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153022343707353180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, year='2025', volume='15', issue='3', pageStart='263', pageEnd='426', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752831548859, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757654056467, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1173249406712300330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, issueId=1153022343707353180, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1173249406712300331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, issueId=1153022343707353180, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=419, endPage=426, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153022347490611364, articleId=1153022347197010083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, language=EN, title=Numerical Simulation and Optimization of an Automotive Zero-Flush Door System, columnId=1153756966938731297, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering, columnName=Other Technologies, runingTitle=null, highlight=

Taking the zero-flush door system of a certain vehicle model as the research object, a finite element model of the glass guide seal is developed. Using MSC.Marc, the compression load of the seal is calculated under varying gaps between the sliding and fixed glass. Simulation results show that when the gap value decreases by 1.2 mm from the design value, the compression will sharply increases from 6.7 N/dm to 28.9 N/dm, which leads to jamming during glass lifting and lowering. Therefore, the critical gap tolerance threshold is determined to be ±1.2 mm. A tolerance model of the zero-flush door system is constructed using the tolerance analysis software 3DCS, and 20 000 virtual assembly simulations are conducted using the Monte Carlo method. It is found that the tolerance fluctuation range of the gap between the sliding glass and the fixed glass is ±1.39 mm, with a 0.89% probability of exceeding the critical value of ±1.2 mm. After optimizing the structure of the zero-flush door system and re-evaluating the tolerance, the fluctuation range is reduced to ±1.1 mm, and the probability of exceeding the critical value is reduced to zero. During the small-batch trial production phase of a specific vehicle model, data were collected from 30 randomly selected samples. The results showed that the gap fluctuation range was ±1.08 mm, and no jamming or sticking occurred during the lifting or lowering of the glass, indicating that the design objectives were achieved. The deep integration of finite element analysis and dimensional tolerance evaluation provides important guidance for the structural design and performance simulation of flexible systems, ensuring a high level of consistency between simulation and real-world performance.

, articleAbstract=

Taking the zero-flush door system of a certain vehicle model as the research object, a finite element model of the glass guide seal is developed. Using MSC.Marc, the compression load of the seal is calculated under varying gaps between the sliding and fixed glass. Simulation results show that when the gap value decreases by 1.2 mm from the design value, the compression will sharply increases from 6.7 N/dm to 28.9 N/dm, which leads to jamming during glass lifting and lowering. Therefore, the critical gap tolerance threshold is determined to be ±1.2 mm. A tolerance model of the zero-flush door system is constructed using the tolerance analysis software 3DCS, and 20 000 virtual assembly simulations are conducted using the Monte Carlo method. It is found that the tolerance fluctuation range of the gap between the sliding glass and the fixed glass is ±1.39 mm, with a 0.89% probability of exceeding the critical value of ±1.2 mm. After optimizing the structure of the zero-flush door system and re-evaluating the tolerance, the fluctuation range is reduced to ±1.1 mm, and the probability of exceeding the critical value is reduced to zero. During the small-batch trial production phase of a specific vehicle model, data were collected from 30 randomly selected samples. The results showed that the gap fluctuation range was ±1.08 mm, and no jamming or sticking occurred during the lifting or lowering of the glass, indicating that the design objectives were achieved. The deep integration of finite element analysis and dimensional tolerance evaluation provides important guidance for the structural design and performance simulation of flexible systems, ensuring a high level of consistency between simulation and real-world performance.

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以某车型的零面差车门系统作为研究对象,构建玻璃导槽密封条的有限元模型,借助MSC.Marc软件计算当后门滑动玻璃与固定玻璃间隙发生变化时玻璃导槽密封条的压缩载荷,仿真结果显示,一旦间隙值比设计值减小1.2 mm,密封条压缩载荷由6.7 N/dm急剧增加到28.9 N/dm,进而得出玻璃升降卡死时的间隙公差临界值为±1.2 mm。借助公差分析软件3DCS构建零面差车门系统的公差模型,同时运用蒙特卡洛算法进行20 000次虚拟装配,得出后门滑动玻璃与固定玻璃间隙的公差波动区间为±1.39 mm,超出临界值(±1.2 mm)的概率为0.89%。对零面差车门系统的匹配结构进行优化,并进行公差校核,优化后间隙公差波动区间为±1.1 mm,超出临界值(±1.2 mm)的概率为0。某车型小批量试制阶段随机抽取30份样本采集数据,结果显示间隙波动区间为±1.08 mm,未出现玻璃升降卡滞或卡死现象,满足设计目标。有限元法和尺寸公差的深度结合,对柔性系统的结构设计和性能仿真具有重大指导意义,能最大程度保证数值模拟与实际高度吻合。

, articleAbstract=

以某车型的零面差车门系统作为研究对象,构建玻璃导槽密封条的有限元模型,借助MSC.Marc软件计算当后门滑动玻璃与固定玻璃间隙发生变化时玻璃导槽密封条的压缩载荷,仿真结果显示,一旦间隙值比设计值减小1.2 mm,密封条压缩载荷由6.7 N/dm急剧增加到28.9 N/dm,进而得出玻璃升降卡死时的间隙公差临界值为±1.2 mm。借助公差分析软件3DCS构建零面差车门系统的公差模型,同时运用蒙特卡洛算法进行20 000次虚拟装配,得出后门滑动玻璃与固定玻璃间隙的公差波动区间为±1.39 mm,超出临界值(±1.2 mm)的概率为0.89%。对零面差车门系统的匹配结构进行优化,并进行公差校核,优化后间隙公差波动区间为±1.1 mm,超出临界值(±1.2 mm)的概率为0。某车型小批量试制阶段随机抽取30份样本采集数据,结果显示间隙波动区间为±1.08 mm,未出现玻璃升降卡滞或卡死现象,满足设计目标。有限元法和尺寸公差的深度结合,对柔性系统的结构设计和性能仿真具有重大指导意义,能最大程度保证数值模拟与实际高度吻合。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张玉成(1982-),男,湖北蕲春人,正高级工程师,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为汽车工艺规划设计、数字化工艺、智能制造规划和设计开发。 E-mail:
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贺志瑛(1989-),男,山西临汾人,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为汽车尺寸工程设计与开发、汽车感知质量设计与开发。 E-mail:

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贺志瑛(1989-),男,山西临汾人,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为汽车尺寸工程设计与开发、汽车感知质量设计与开发。 E-mail:

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贺志瑛(1989-),男,山西临汾人,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为汽车尺寸工程设计与开发、汽车感知质量设计与开发。 E-mail:

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figureFileSmall=yOcn10Yzq1TbE7yDmp+Qgw==, figureFileBig=Du4e6Or4aOyrYtf++Os9Gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175545512334869260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153022347197010083, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
零件名称 匹配特征 公差信息/mm
后门B柱盖板 与后门玻璃间隙匹配面 ±0.5//0.5
与后门玻璃面差匹配面 ±0.5//0.5
后门滑动玻璃 与B柱盖板间隙匹配面 ±0.7//0.7
与B柱盖板面差匹配面 ±0.8//0.8
与固定玻璃间隙匹配面 ±0.7//0.7
与固定玻璃面差匹配面 ±0.8//0.8
玻璃面与导轨面相对尺寸 ±0.7
后门固定玻璃 与滑动玻璃间隙匹配面 ±0.7//0.7
与滑动玻璃面差匹配面 ±0.8//0.8
车门总成 B柱盖板定位孔位置度 ±0.3
固定玻璃定位孔位置度 ±0.3
相关安装面 ±0.5
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某车型零面差车门系统主要零件公差信息

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零件名称 匹配特征 公差信息/mm
后门B柱盖板 与后门玻璃间隙匹配面 ±0.5//0.5
与后门玻璃面差匹配面 ±0.5//0.5
后门滑动玻璃 与B柱盖板间隙匹配面 ±0.7//0.7
与B柱盖板面差匹配面 ±0.8//0.8
与固定玻璃间隙匹配面 ±0.7//0.7
与固定玻璃面差匹配面 ±0.8//0.8
玻璃面与导轨面相对尺寸 ±0.7
后门固定玻璃 与滑动玻璃间隙匹配面 ±0.7//0.7
与滑动玻璃面差匹配面 ±0.8//0.8
车门总成 B柱盖板定位孔位置度 ±0.3
固定玻璃定位孔位置度 ±0.3
相关安装面 ±0.5
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邵氏硬度A C10 C01
70 0.759 6 0.189 9
75 0.970 4 0.242 6
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Mooney-Rivlin本构模型常系数

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邵氏硬度A C10 C01
70 0.759 6 0.189 9
75 0.970 4 0.242 6
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汽车零面差车门系统数值模拟及优化
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贺志瑛 1 , 郑耀凯 1 , 张玉成 1 , 田顺 2, 3 , 徐茂林 1 , 梁腾伟 1 , 邹利 1
汽车工程学报 | 其他 2025,15(3): 419-426
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汽车工程学报 | 其他 2025, 15(3): 419-426
汽车零面差车门系统数值模拟及优化
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贺志瑛1 , 郑耀凯1, 张玉成1 , 田顺2, 3, 徐茂林1, 梁腾伟1, 邹利1
作者信息
  • 1 赛力斯汽车有限公司,重庆 401135
  • 2 长安大学 未来交通学院,西安 710064
  • 3 长安大学 汽车学院,西安 710064
  • 贺志瑛(1989-),男,山西临汾人,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为汽车尺寸工程设计与开发、汽车感知质量设计与开发。 E-mail:

通讯作者:

张玉成(1982-),男,湖北蕲春人,正高级工程师,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为汽车工艺规划设计、数字化工艺、智能制造规划和设计开发。 E-mail:
Numerical Simulation and Optimization of an Automotive Zero-Flush Door System
Zhiying HE1 , Yaokai ZHENG1, Yucheng ZHANG1 , Shun TIAN2, 3, Maolin XU1, Tengwei LIANG1, Li ZOU1
Affiliations
  • 1 Seres Auto Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401135,China
  • 2 College of Future Transportation,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064,China
  • 3 School of Automobile,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064,China
出版时间: 2025-05-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2025.03.14
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以某车型的零面差车门系统作为研究对象,构建玻璃导槽密封条的有限元模型,借助MSC.Marc软件计算当后门滑动玻璃与固定玻璃间隙发生变化时玻璃导槽密封条的压缩载荷,仿真结果显示,一旦间隙值比设计值减小1.2 mm,密封条压缩载荷由6.7 N/dm急剧增加到28.9 N/dm,进而得出玻璃升降卡死时的间隙公差临界值为±1.2 mm。借助公差分析软件3DCS构建零面差车门系统的公差模型,同时运用蒙特卡洛算法进行20 000次虚拟装配,得出后门滑动玻璃与固定玻璃间隙的公差波动区间为±1.39 mm,超出临界值(±1.2 mm)的概率为0.89%。对零面差车门系统的匹配结构进行优化,并进行公差校核,优化后间隙公差波动区间为±1.1 mm,超出临界值(±1.2 mm)的概率为0。某车型小批量试制阶段随机抽取30份样本采集数据,结果显示间隙波动区间为±1.08 mm,未出现玻璃升降卡滞或卡死现象,满足设计目标。有限元法和尺寸公差的深度结合,对柔性系统的结构设计和性能仿真具有重大指导意义,能最大程度保证数值模拟与实际高度吻合。

零面差车门系统  /  玻璃导槽密封条  /  尺寸公差  /  数值模拟  /  结构优化

Taking the zero-flush door system of a certain vehicle model as the research object, a finite element model of the glass guide seal is developed. Using MSC.Marc, the compression load of the seal is calculated under varying gaps between the sliding and fixed glass. Simulation results show that when the gap value decreases by 1.2 mm from the design value, the compression will sharply increases from 6.7 N/dm to 28.9 N/dm, which leads to jamming during glass lifting and lowering. Therefore, the critical gap tolerance threshold is determined to be ±1.2 mm. A tolerance model of the zero-flush door system is constructed using the tolerance analysis software 3DCS, and 20 000 virtual assembly simulations are conducted using the Monte Carlo method. It is found that the tolerance fluctuation range of the gap between the sliding glass and the fixed glass is ±1.39 mm, with a 0.89% probability of exceeding the critical value of ±1.2 mm. After optimizing the structure of the zero-flush door system and re-evaluating the tolerance, the fluctuation range is reduced to ±1.1 mm, and the probability of exceeding the critical value is reduced to zero. During the small-batch trial production phase of a specific vehicle model, data were collected from 30 randomly selected samples. The results showed that the gap fluctuation range was ±1.08 mm, and no jamming or sticking occurred during the lifting or lowering of the glass, indicating that the design objectives were achieved. The deep integration of finite element analysis and dimensional tolerance evaluation provides important guidance for the structural design and performance simulation of flexible systems, ensuring a high level of consistency between simulation and real-world performance.

zero-flush door system  /  glass guide seal  /  dimensional tolerance  /  numerical simulation  /  structure optimization
贺志瑛, 郑耀凯, 张玉成, 田顺, 徐茂林, 梁腾伟, 邹利. 汽车零面差车门系统数值模拟及优化. 汽车工程学报, 2025 , 15 (3) : 419 -426 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2025.03.14
Zhiying HE, Yaokai ZHENG, Yucheng ZHANG, Shun TIAN, Maolin XU, Tengwei LIANG, Li ZOU. Numerical Simulation and Optimization of an Automotive Zero-Flush Door System[J]. Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering, 2025 , 15 (3) : 419 -426 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2025.03.14
车门系统是汽车的重要组成部分,在安全性、性能和外观等方面扮演着重要角色[1],性能品质优劣和外观精致化水平直接影响消费者的购买意愿[2]。零面差车门系统作为车门领域的新技术,不仅具备无框车门的低风阻和精致外观等特性,同时兼顾了传统车门结构的安全性和密封性[3]。零面差车门系统不仅可以提升整车的外观精致水平和豪华感,给用户带来极大的视觉冲击,同时可以降低车辆空气阻力和风噪,提升整车NVH性能[4],因此,受到了众多豪华品牌的青睐。
零面差车门系统的侧面A、B、C、D柱玻璃及装饰件均在一个没有台阶的连续曲面上,能实现侧面纯平的镜面效果。但该系统涉及相互匹配的零件较多,结构复杂,尺寸链环长,装配公差累计大[5]。如果不对结构和公差进行系统地设计和验证,将影响整车密封性及玻璃升降的声品质[5]
蒋超等[6]通过DOE试验方法建立玻璃面差与玻璃升降力矩的仿真模型,对系统公差进行优化,提升了公差系统的稳健性。佟林等[7]通过碰撞仿真对无框车门B柱匹配结构进行优化。逄启寿等[8]通过VSA偏差分析软件对公差进行重新优化,改善了玻璃升降时与导槽密封条的接触摩擦力。孙康等[9]建立了玻璃升降阻力与导槽装配偏差的数学模型。
本文借助有限元法(采用MSC.Marc软件)对玻璃导槽密封条的压缩载荷进行模拟仿真,得出满足玻璃升降不卡死的前提而允许的最小公差波动区间,建立零面差车门系统3DCS公差模型,校核DTS匹配断面的公差波动和极限值,并对零面差系统结构进行优化。
以某车型后门系统为例,零面差车门系统包含后门焊接总成、后门B柱盖板、后门固定玻璃、后门滑动玻璃、后门玻璃导槽密封条、后门玻璃滑槽、后门切水密封条及后门玻璃升降器模块等,如图1所示。
零面差车门系统结构及定位说明如下。
后门滑动玻璃两侧通过工装粘接导向杆,该导向杆有2方面用途:
1)控制滑动玻璃上升时的轨迹,规避玻璃上升时撞击亮条;
2)为后门滑动玻璃提供XY向定位,以保证滑动玻璃与B柱盖板和固定玻璃的间隙和面差。
后门玻璃滑槽自带螺栓与后门内板自定位装配,后门固定玻璃通过螺栓自定位装配在后门总成窗框上,玻璃导槽密封条和切水密封条内部结构均嵌有定位柱,定位柱与车门钣金U型槽定位,且卡接在钣金翻边上,保证密封条和切水密封条的XYZ向位置。后门玻璃升降器模块为单导轨结构,自定位安装在后门内板上,为滑动玻璃升降时提供动力。某车型零面差车门系统匹配结构(B柱)如图2所示。
某车型零面差车门系统涉及的主要零部件GD&T公差信息见表1
玻璃导槽密封条是车门玻璃升降系统的核心部件之一,为玻璃升降提供轨迹导向,并且具有密封防水性能。滑动玻璃和固定玻璃间隙大会造成漏风或密封条外露,影响外观精致化,且NVH性能较差[10]。如果间隙较小,密封条的挤压变形大,密封条反力增大,会导致玻璃升降异响和玻璃升降时卡死等功能故障[11]
MSC.Marc是一款用于分析非线性材料、大应变、非线性接触等的有限元分析软件[12]。本文通过应用MSC.Marc建立零面差系统的有限元模型,模拟滑动玻璃与固定玻璃间隙变化时,玻璃导槽密封条所受的挤压力。
玻璃导槽密封条由橡胶和涂层2部分组成,橡胶部分分为EPDM密实胶(硬质胶)和EPDM发泡胶(软质胶),唇边为软质胶,与后门固定玻璃匹配结构为硬质胶,软质胶表面有耐磨涂层,能有效减小玻璃升降时阻力,防止密封条磨损,涂层与软质胶为共挤出工艺[13]
在本文的模拟仿真中,滑动玻璃和固定玻璃密封条的密实橡胶采用Mooney-Rivlin本构模型来描述其力学行为,其函数表达式为:
W = C 10 I 1 - 3 + C 01 I 2 - 3
式中: C 10 C 01为与温度相关的材料常数,由材料试验确定; I 1 I 2分别为Cauchy-Green变形张量的第1和第2不变量[14]
Mooney-Rivlin本构模型材料参数,见表2
使用HyperMesh对玻璃导槽密封条进行前处理,为保证分析的精确性,网格单元大小为0.8 mm,橡胶选用84号Herrmann单元,涂层选用7号各向同性单元进行模拟,玻璃设置为刚性单元,玻璃导槽密封条有限元模型如图3所示。
玻璃导槽密封条与周边环境件的接触约束属于高度非线性,具体约束如下:
1)玻璃导槽密封条硬质胶部分与固定玻璃导轨面X/Y向贴合,分别施加X/Y向固定约束;
2)玻璃导槽密封条上端模拟与顶条的连接,施加Z向固定约束,防止Z向移动;
3)后门滑动玻璃Y向面与玻璃导槽密封条软质层设置面接触,滑动玻璃X向棱边与软质胶设置面接触;
4)初始状态为玻璃X向棱边与软质胶恰好接触;
5)对滑动玻璃施加X向的位移载荷(超软质胶压缩方向)。
利用Multi-Criteria法对密封条的挤压情况进行模拟,滑动玻璃X向位移量与密封条X向受力曲线如图4所示。
图4可知,初始位置时,密封条处于自由状态,未受挤压;当密封条压缩量为2 mm时,固定玻璃与滑动玻璃间隙为D+1 mm(D为间隙设计名义值),密封条挤压力为1.9 N/dm;密封条压缩量3 mm时,间隙为设计值D,密封条挤压力为3.5 N/dm;当密封条压缩量3.8 mm时,间隙为D-0.8 mm,密封条挤压力为5.8 N/dm;当密封条压缩量4.2 mm时,间隙为D-1.2 mm,密封条挤压力为6.7 N/dm;此后密封条挤压力急剧增加,当间隙为D-1.5 mm时,密封条挤压力为28.9 N/dm,导致滑动玻璃卡死,升降功能失效。
因此,根据玻璃的升降性能需求,防止玻璃卡死,滑动玻璃与固定玻璃的间隙需大于D-1.2 mm,即设计值D保持不变时,间隙公差波动需控制在±1.2 mm以内,因此对零面差车门系统的公差波动进行数值模拟。
3DCS是基于蒙特卡洛算法(Monte-Carlo Method),以大数定理和中心极限定理为基础,生成一组分布函数为 F X的随机变量X,对单个样本所有尺寸链环的变量进行叠加,然后对所有样本的结果进行统计分析,并求解各个影响因子的贡献占比及几何因子系数,有效指导公差合理分配及结构工艺优化[15],3DCS公差仿真分析流程如图5所示。
在3DCS软件中建模时,为了保证模型准确性,零部件的装配方案和装配流程需与产品定位结构和实际装配工艺保持一致,特征点的公差按照GD&T进行设置,测量项为后门滑动玻璃与后门固定玻璃的间隙值的波动,参数设置完成后对模型进行检查验证,得到零面差系统的3DCS公差模型,如图6所示。
对零面差系统进行20 000次虚拟装配,得到后门滑动玻璃与B柱盖板的间隙公差统计结果如图7所示,后门滑动玻璃与固定玻璃的间隙波动统计结果如图8所示。
图7中,横坐标为间隙公差区间,纵坐标表示落在某个公差区间的频数,20 000次虚拟装配的统计结果中间隙波动6σ=2.58(即公差波动±1.29 mm),超差率为0.49%,即有0.49%的车辆会出现后门滑动玻璃升降时与B柱盖板卡死的风险。由图7可知,20 000次虚拟装配的统计结果中间隙波动6σ=2.58(即公差波动±1.29 mm),超差率为0.49%,即有0.49%的车辆会出现后门滑动玻璃升降时与B柱盖板卡死的风险。
图8中,横坐标为间隙公差区间,纵坐标表示落在某个公差区间的频数,20 000次虚拟装配的统计结果中间隙波动6σ=2.78(公差波动为±1.39 mm),超差率为0.87%,即有0.87%的车辆会出现后门滑动玻璃升降时与固定玻璃升降卡死的风险。
结合以上分析,该零面差车门系统的结构及公差设计存在风险,可能会引起玻璃升降功能异常。因此,需对零面差系统进行优化。
增大固定玻璃与滑动玻璃的极限间隙,规避滑动玻璃升降失效,常用手段有:
1)加严零部件公差,减小公差波动;
2)优化结构,缩短尺寸链环,减小公差波动;
3)增大间隙设计值D
加严零部件公差,对供应商的制造过程能力和质量体系有很大的挑战,且零部件成本会增加。增大间隙设计值会影响外观精致化,影响用户视觉体验,因此,本文结合结构布置可行性和尺寸链传递路径,对零面差车门系统的断面结构进行优化。
B柱盖板定位在车门窗框加强板,玻璃导槽密封条X向定位在B柱盖板,滑动玻璃导轨与密封条配合定位滑动玻璃X向,计算滑动玻璃与固定玻璃X向间隙时尺寸链环长,公差波动大。B柱盖板安装点设计在(玻璃导槽)侧部,悬臂结构强度较弱,零件装配重复性差。优化前的断面结构如图2所示。
车门玻璃导槽密封条X向定位在车门窗框加强板上,玻璃导轨与密封条配合定位滑动玻璃X向,尺寸链环短,B柱盖板安装的设计在中部,装配重复性较好。优化后的断面结构如图9所示。
根据优化后的结构更新3DCS公差模型,虚拟装配20 000次,得到滑动玻璃与固定玻璃的间隙统计结果,如图10所示。
图10可知,优化后滑动玻璃与固定玻璃的间隙波动6σ=1.72(公差波动为±0.86 mm),极限波动为-1.1~1.13 mm,小于±1.2 mm,超差率为0,即不会出现玻璃升降卡死现象,满足设计要求。
根据上文密封条压缩载荷分析结论和3DCS公差校核结果,若滑动玻璃和固定玻璃间隙设计值D=4.0 mm,则滑动玻璃升降卡死的临界值为D-1.2=2.8 mm。某车型零面差车门系统后门滑动玻璃与固定玻璃间隙设计值为4.0 mm,采用上文中优化后的断面进行设计,该车型在小批量试制过程中,按照设计工艺装配流程进行装配,随机选取30辆样车,采集后门滑动玻璃与固定玻璃间隙值,对采集的30份样本数据进行统计分析,结果如图11所示。
图11可知,30份样本的间隙均值为4.06 mm,标准差σ=0.35,间隙公差波动6σ=2.10,即间隙公差波动为±1.05 mm,小于设计目标±1.2 mm。并且30份样本最小值为3.02 mm,大于临界值2.8 mm,且过程能力指数Ppk=1.07,过程能力稳定,满足设计目标。
随机抽取样车,对样车滑动玻璃升降功能进行多次测试,滑动玻璃升降正常,均未出现升降卡死现象。
1)本文借助有限元法模拟零面差车门系统的密封条压缩载荷,得到滑动玻璃升降卡死的间隙临界值。
2)利用公差分析技术对零面差车门系统尺寸公差累积进行计算,对DTS公差目标进行校核,并优化了对零面差车门系统的配合结构断面。
3)对零面差车门系统DTS和升降功能进行实例验证,结果与设计目标高度吻合。
有限元法是在纯理论设计状态下的仿真,无法考虑零件的制造偏差和装配偏差,存在局限性。本次提出的有限元法和尺寸公差分析的深度结合,对柔性系统的结构设计和性能仿真具有重大指导意义,能最大程度保证数值模拟与实际高度吻合。
  • 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2022JQ-007)
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2025年第15卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2025.03.14
  • 接收时间:2024-09-04
  • 首发时间:2025-07-18
  • 出版时间:2025-05-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-04
  • 修回日期:2024-11-04
基金
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2022JQ-007)
作者信息
    1 赛力斯汽车有限公司,重庆 401135
    2 长安大学 未来交通学院,西安 710064
    3 长安大学 汽车学院,西安 710064

通讯作者:

张玉成(1982-),男,湖北蕲春人,正高级工程师,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为汽车工艺规划设计、数字化工艺、智能制造规划和设计开发。 E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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