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The paper reviews the formation mechanisms and detection methods of flooding and drying faults in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Firstly, the causes of flooding and drying faults are analyzed from the perspectives of structure, internal gas transport mechanism and water transport mechanism. Then, the fault detection methods based on modeling, datadriven approaches and direct imaging visualization are comprehensively investigated, and the technical characteristics of these diagnostic methods are deeply analyzed. Finally, considering the limitations and shortcomings of various diagnostic methods, the future improvement and development directions for diagnosing flooding and drying faults in PEMFCs are discussed. This includes utilizing technologies such as miniaturization and portability of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis equipment, improving battery model parameters and sharing battery fault big data.
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对质子交换膜燃料电池水淹膜干故障的形成机理和检测方法进行综述。从PEMFC的构造、内部气体传输机理和水传输机理对水淹膜干故障的成因进行分析。对基于模型、数据驱动和可视化直接成像的水淹膜干故障诊断方法进行综述,深入了解不同诊断方法的技术特点。针对目前各类诊断方法存在的局限与不足之处,借助电化学阻抗谱分析设备小型便携化、电池模型参数完善和电池故障大数据共享等技术,提出对非固定动态工况下PEMFC水淹膜干故障预防与诊断的发展方向。
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高楠(1985-),男,河北任丘人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为新能源汽车和汽车电子控制技术。Tel:029-82335517 E-mail:gaonan@chd.edu.cn |
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高楠(1985-),男,河北任丘人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为新能源汽车和汽车电子控制技术。Tel:029-82335517 E-mail:gaonan@chd.edu.cn
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| PEMFC水淹膜干故障诊断方法 | 优点 | 缺点 |
| 基于模型 | 诊断方法稳定性好;诊断结果精确度高;可以 输出较多电池内部状态和参数信息 | 物理模型高度复杂; 依赖模型的精度; 运算要求 较高;完善模型所涉及的参数增加难度较大;模 型输出受残差和数据计算测量的不确定性影响 |
| 基于数据驱动 | 不需要高度精确的电池模型;可以实时监测电 池内部状态;易于实现;计算量较小;可以自 我学习更新诊断数据 | 存在诊断结果重合,精确性有待提高;需要高 度分析故障数据以建立故障数据库;不同种类 的 PEMFC 需要建立不同的故障数据库 |
| 基于可视化观测 | 不需要准确的电池模型;检测准确性较高;可 应用于在线检测;可以对故障部位实现精准定 位;故障发生可直接观测 | 需要添加额外的外部设备提高成本;所添加的 设备大都比较笨重;应用场景比较局限 |
), ArticleFig(id=1153824286981739213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153813375793484169, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=
PEMFC 水淹膜干故障诊断方法对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| PEMFC水淹膜干故障诊断方法 | 优点 | 缺点 |
| 基于模型 | 诊断方法稳定性好;诊断结果精确度高;可以 输出较多电池内部状态和参数信息 | 物理模型高度复杂; 依赖模型的精度; 运算要求 较高;完善模型所涉及的参数增加难度较大;模 型输出受残差和数据计算测量的不确定性影响 |
| 基于数据驱动 | 不需要高度精确的电池模型;可以实时监测电 池内部状态;易于实现;计算量较小;可以自 我学习更新诊断数据 | 存在诊断结果重合,精确性有待提高;需要高 度分析故障数据以建立故障数据库;不同种类 的 PEMFC 需要建立不同的故障数据库 |
| 基于可视化观测 | 不需要准确的电池模型;检测准确性较高;可 应用于在线检测;可以对故障部位实现精准定 位;故障发生可直接观测 | 需要添加额外的外部设备提高成本;所添加的 设备大都比较笨重;应用场景比较局限 |
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