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As the core product of the hydrogen energy industry, proton exchange membrane fuel cells are characterized by high energy conversion efficiency, zero emissions and no pollution. They are one of the most promising power sources in the automotive field. However, the high cost limits the largescale application and promotion of PEMFCs for vehicles. The development of lowplatinum PEMFCs for vehicles is an important technical route to improve cost competitiveness. However, the serious mass transfer and lifespan issues faced in the lowplatinum process urgently need to be solved. This paper summarizes the research progress of lowplatinum membrane electrode assembly technology and the shortcomings of existing technologies. It also looks forward to the future development trends, providing reference value for the advancement of lowplatinum membrane electrode technology for vehicle PEMFCs.
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质子交换膜燃料电池作为氢能产业应用的核心产品,具有能量转换效率高、零排放、无污染等特点,是车用领域的重要动力来源之一。然而,高昂的成本限制了车用质子交换膜燃料电池的大规模应用及推广。低铂化膜电极技术的开发是提高其价格竞争力的重要手段,但低铂化过程中面临的严重传质和寿命问题急需解决。总结了低铂化膜电极技术的研究进展及现有技术的不足,并展望了未来的发展趋势,可为车用质子交换膜燃料电池的低铂化膜电极技术开发提供参考。
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林瑞(1973-),女,浙江瑞安人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为车用新能源材料及氢能燃料电池技术、储能材料开发与应用、碳中和技术开发及应用。Tel:021-65983837 E-mail:
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阴极催化层中阳离子污染 [58], figureFileSmall=AHDLMfSV+bC9FEMmanaLgw==, figureFileBig=SsBPbd29Ok1loyoC7f5SDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153824267255931376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153813376611373454, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=u4vwanQWI+OCHTggecw9zg==, figureFileBig=e6nf4SlFlLcZhb7S+26hFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153824267310457331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153813376611373454, language=CN, label=图 7, caption=
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不同支链 Ionomer 对催化层形貌的影响 [76], figureFileSmall=xDda9SQ5c/qIoowYp5QUGw==, figureFileBig=/hXwpXrxZGJSOkpN/YXfcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153824267499201017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153813376611373454, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 关键问题 | 主要手段 | 关键技术方向 | 作用 | 难点 |
| 局域传质 | 载体改性 | 表面特性 | 实现 Ionomer 均匀分布 | 特性与分布对应关系不清晰 |
| 孔结构 | 减小 Ionomer 毒化区域 增加传质通道 | 内外可控担载难度大 均一性受限, 难以规模化 |
| 有序化 | 高效的传输路径 高催化剂利用率 | 难以大规模制造 |
| 界面设计 | Ionomer/催化剂界面 | 缩短传质路径, 降低传质阻抗 形成连接网络, 避免催化剂团聚 | 控制 Ionomer 分布情况 |
| 结构调控 | 孔结构 | 改善气体/液体传输通道 | 结构难以维持, 易坍塌失效 |
| 亲疏水 | 改善气体/液体传输通道 | 减少活性位点, 降低效率 |
| 运行寿命 | 催化剂设计 | 介孔碳载体 | 减少毒化区域 提升活性面积 | 内外可控担载难度大 均一性受限, 难以规模化 |
| 表面团簇修饰 | 抑制金属溶解 | 机理不明晰 成本高 |
| 核壳结构 | 抑制金属溶解 提升Pt利用率 降低成本 | 制备成本高、流程复杂 均一性受限,难以规模化 |
| 催化层开发 | 浆料及催化层结构 | 减薄 Ionomer,提高传质能力 减少团聚,提高均一性 | 浆料组分作用难以明晰 催化层结构难以可控设计 |
| 膜电极制备 | 喷涂法 | 增加接触, 减小阻抗 催化层结构均匀 | 质子膜溶胀 浆料不稳定 损耗率高 |
| 转印法 | 避免质子膜溶胀 适合大面积批量化制备 | 基底要求高 制备流程繁琐、耗时 膜电极结构高温易变形 |
| 狭缝涂布 | 生产成本低、生产高效 | 对浆料配方、涂敷/组装工艺要求高,难度大 |
), ArticleFig(id=1153824267566309883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153813376611373454, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=
车用燃料电池低铂化膜电极优化方法对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 关键问题 | 主要手段 | 关键技术方向 | 作用 | 难点 |
| 局域传质 | 载体改性 | 表面特性 | 实现 Ionomer 均匀分布 | 特性与分布对应关系不清晰 |
| 孔结构 | 减小 Ionomer 毒化区域 增加传质通道 | 内外可控担载难度大 均一性受限, 难以规模化 |
| 有序化 | 高效的传输路径 高催化剂利用率 | 难以大规模制造 |
| 界面设计 | Ionomer/催化剂界面 | 缩短传质路径, 降低传质阻抗 形成连接网络, 避免催化剂团聚 | 控制 Ionomer 分布情况 |
| 结构调控 | 孔结构 | 改善气体/液体传输通道 | 结构难以维持, 易坍塌失效 |
| 亲疏水 | 改善气体/液体传输通道 | 减少活性位点, 降低效率 |
| 运行寿命 | 催化剂设计 | 介孔碳载体 | 减少毒化区域 提升活性面积 | 内外可控担载难度大 均一性受限, 难以规模化 |
| 表面团簇修饰 | 抑制金属溶解 | 机理不明晰 成本高 |
| 核壳结构 | 抑制金属溶解 提升Pt利用率 降低成本 | 制备成本高、流程复杂 均一性受限,难以规模化 |
| 催化层开发 | 浆料及催化层结构 | 减薄 Ionomer,提高传质能力 减少团聚,提高均一性 | 浆料组分作用难以明晰 催化层结构难以可控设计 |
| 膜电极制备 | 喷涂法 | 增加接触, 减小阻抗 催化层结构均匀 | 质子膜溶胀 浆料不稳定 损耗率高 |
| 转印法 | 避免质子膜溶胀 适合大面积批量化制备 | 基底要求高 制备流程繁琐、耗时 膜电极结构高温易变形 |
| 狭缝涂布 | 生产成本低、生产高效 | 对浆料配方、涂敷/组装工艺要求高,难度大 |
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