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The widespread adoption of electric vehicles has raised higher demands for the technology related to power batteries. Consequently, a thermal management system that keeps the battery within an optimal temperature range has become a core technical requirement for major manufacturers. In recent years, the focus has shifted towards lowtemperature thermal management technology, driven by the performance degradation and life decay of lithiumion batteries in winter's cold conditions. Based on the degradation mechanism of lithiumion batteries in cold conditions, the paper provides a comprehensive overview of the development status of lowtemperature thermal management systems. Additionally, in conjunction with the latest research progress, it summarizes a set of evaluation methods for lowtemperature thermal management of electric vehicles.
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电动汽车的普及对动力电池相关的技术提出了更高的要求,使电池保持在合适温度区间工作的动力电池热管理系统已经成为各大厂商的核心技术需求。由于锂离子电池在冬季低温环境下性能下降、寿命衰减尤为明显,低温热管理技术更是近年来动力电池研究的重点。从锂离子电池在低温环境中的性能劣化机理出发,对低温热管理系统的发展现状进行了综述,并结合最新研究进展,归纳了一套电动汽车低温热管理评价方法。
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余庆华(1987-),男,湖北荆州人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为储热技术、热管理、锂电安全和氢氨技术。Tel: 18186065549 E-mail:
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1 武汉理工大学 现代汽车零部件技术湖北省重点实验室 武汉 430070
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黄珂睿(1998-),男,江苏丹阳人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为动力电池热管理。Tel: 15256969879 E-mail: h.k-r@outlook.com
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| 序号 | 评价项目 | 评价指标 | 参考值 | 研究类型 | 试验 | 参考文献 |
| 1 | 预热时间 | 平均升温速率/(℃/min) | ${2.21} \sim {2.47}$ | 仿真+试验 | -20 ℃至 10 ℃加热试验 | [ 35 ] |
| 约 4 | 仿真+试验 | -40 ℃至 0 ℃加热试验 | [ 37 ] |
| 约 20 | 仿真+试验 | (自加热锂离子电池) -40 ℃至 0 ℃加热试验 | [ 38 ] |
| 2 | 能量消耗 | 单位温度能量消耗率/(%/℃) | 0.2 | 仿真+试验 | -20℃至 0℃加热试验 | |
| 3 | 温度均匀性 | 温度极差 ${}^{1}{}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}$ | <5 | 试验 | -25 ℃至 5 ℃加热试验 | [ 43 ] |
| 4 | 充放电性能 | 放电容量保持率1% | 78 | 仿真+试验 | -15 ℃环境下 1.6 C 倍率放电试验 | [ 48 ] |
| 充电容量保持率/% | 91.9 | 试验 | -20 ℃环境下快充试验 | [ 45 ] |
| 80 | 仿真 | -50 ℃环境下 15 min 快充 | [ 49 ] |
| 5 | 对电池老化的影响 | 电池健康状态SOH/% 综合性能 | 90 | 仿真+试验 | 600次低温加热试验 | [ 52 ] |
| 6 | 环境适应性 | 仿真+试验 | 不同环境下综合试验 | [ 53 ] |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978781862715580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731946304256, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=
低温热管理评价方法总结, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 评价项目 | 评价指标 | 参考值 | 研究类型 | 试验 | 参考文献 |
| 1 | 预热时间 | 平均升温速率/(℃/min) | ${2.21} \sim {2.47}$ | 仿真+试验 | -20 ℃至 10 ℃加热试验 | [ 35 ] |
| 约 4 | 仿真+试验 | -40 ℃至 0 ℃加热试验 | [ 37 ] |
| 约 20 | 仿真+试验 | (自加热锂离子电池) -40 ℃至 0 ℃加热试验 | [ 38 ] |
| 2 | 能量消耗 | 单位温度能量消耗率/(%/℃) | 0.2 | 仿真+试验 | -20℃至 0℃加热试验 | |
| 3 | 温度均匀性 | 温度极差 ${}^{1}{}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}$ | <5 | 试验 | -25 ℃至 5 ℃加热试验 | [ 43 ] |
| 4 | 充放电性能 | 放电容量保持率1% | 78 | 仿真+试验 | -15 ℃环境下 1.6 C 倍率放电试验 | [ 48 ] |
| 充电容量保持率/% | 91.9 | 试验 | -20 ℃环境下快充试验 | [ 45 ] |
| 80 | 仿真 | -50 ℃环境下 15 min 快充 | [ 49 ] |
| 5 | 对电池老化的影响 | 电池健康状态SOH/% 综合性能 | 90 | 仿真+试验 | 600次低温加热试验 | [ 52 ] |
| 6 | 环境适应性 | 仿真+试验 | 不同环境下综合试验 | [ 53 ] |
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