Article(id=1153982908575507327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, issueId=1153982905148760948, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.02.14, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1702915200000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-19, revisedDate=1703001600000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753060565370, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753060565370, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753060565370, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753060565370, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153982905148760948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, year='2024', volume='14', issue='2', pageStart='155', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=0, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753060564553, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757481557522, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172525893714063985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, issueId=1153982905148760948, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172525893714063986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, issueId=1153982905148760948, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=304, endPage=312, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153982909141738371, articleId=1153982908575507327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, language=EN, title=Crashworthiness of Biomimetic Double-Diamond-Ribbed Multi-Cell Thin-Walled Structures, columnId=1153982906444796692, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering, columnName=17th INFATS 2023, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To improve the crashworthiness of automobile energyabsorbing boxes, the paper proposes three different biomimetic doublediamondribbed multicell thinwalled structures, inspired by the microstructure of bamboo. Initially, the finite element model for these biomimetic structures is established and its impact resistance is compared with that of the traditional octagonal multicell thinwalled structure through finite element simulations. Subsequently, the paper analyzes the effects of the arrangement of doublediamond ribs and the thickness of inner walls on the energy absorption characteristics and deformation modes of the novel structures. The results indicate that the biomimetic structures offer significantly better energy absorption than their traditional counterparts. The arrangement of doublediamond ribs and the thickness of both inner and outer walls affect the structural energy absorption characteristics. With the increase in the inner wall thickness, the initial peak force on the structure decreases, but the total energy absorption and specific energy absorption decrease, leading to a reduction in load stability. The proposed biomimetic doublediamondribbed multicell thinwalled structure effectively reduces the injuries to occupants in frontal vehicle collisions, and can be applied in the design and development of energyabsorbing boxes for new energy vehicles.

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为提高汽车吸能盒结构耐撞性,受毛竹微观结构启发,提出3种不同的仿生双菱形肋边多胞薄壁结构。建立仿生双菱形肋边多胞薄壁结构的有限元模型,通过有限元仿真对比研究仿生双菱形肋边多胞薄壁结构与传统八边形多胞薄壁结构的耐撞性。分析双菱形肋边布置方式、内层壁厚等因素对新型薄壁结构吸能特性和变形模式的影响。结果表明,与传统八边形多胞薄壁结构相比,仿生双菱形肋边多胞薄壁结构的吸能特性有了明显的提升;双菱形肋边布置方式和内外层壁厚对结构吸能特性均有一定影响;随着内层壁厚的增加,结构最大峰值力减小,但总能量吸收和比吸能减少,载荷平稳度降低。仿生双菱形肋边多胞薄壁结构能有效降低乘员在汽车正面碰撞中所受的伤害,可应用到新能源汽车吸能盒的设计开发中。

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刘煜(1994-),男,湖南邵阳人,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为车辆安全测评技术及装备。Tel: 17843761276 E-mail:
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龚超(1992-),男,安徽六安人,讲师,主要研究方向为车辆安全防护设计。Tel: 13295606829 E-mail:

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Research Progress and Development Trend of Biomimetic Based on Bamboo Structure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982966524010891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908575507327, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=7, issue=1, pageStart=31, pageEnd=37, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=23, authorNames=王志威, 张晓伟, 姚利宏, journalName=林业工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王志威, 张晓伟, 姚利宏, 等. 竹材宏观微观力学性能试验与数值模拟[J]. 林业工程学报, 2022,7(1):31-37., articleTitle=竹材宏观微观力学性能试验与数值模拟, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982966578536844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908575507327, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=7, issue=1, pageStart=31, pageEnd=37, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=24, authorNames=WANG Zhiwei, ZHANG Xiaowei, YAO Lihong, journalName=Journal of Forestry Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Zhiwei, ZHANG Xiaowei, YAO Lihong, et al. Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation on the Macro and Micro Mechanical Properties of Bamboo[J]. Journal of Forestry Engineering, 2022,7(1):31-37. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation on the Macro and Micro Mechanical Properties of Bamboo, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982966654034317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908575507327, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=25, authorNames=于鹏山, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=于鹏山. 新型仿生薄壁结构的设计与吸能特性研究[D]. 太原: 太原理工大学, 2023., articleTitle=新型仿生薄壁结构的设计与吸能特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982966704365966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908575507327, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=26, authorNames=YU Pengshan, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU Pengshan. Design and Energy Absorption Characteristics Research of New Bionic Thin-Walled Structures[D]. Taiyuan: Taiyuan University of Technology, 2023. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Design and Energy Absorption Characteristics Research of New Bionic Thin-Walled Structures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982966754697615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908575507327, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=27, authorNames=连彩萍, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=连彩萍. 毛竹材薄壁细胞超微构造研究[D]. 北京: 中国林业科学研究院, 2020., articleTitle=毛竹材薄壁细胞超微构造研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982966800834960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908575507327, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=28, authorNames=LIAN Caiping, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIAN Caiping. Ultrastructure of Parenchyma Cells in Moso Bamboo[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2020. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Ultrastructure of Parenchyma Cells in Moso Bamboo, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982966855360913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908575507327, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=29, authorNames=龚超, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=龚超. 仿生多胞薄壁结构吸能机理与设计方法研究[D]. 长沙: 湖南大学, 2022., articleTitle=仿生多胞薄壁结构吸能机理与设计方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982966901498258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908575507327, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=30, authorNames=GONG Chao, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GONG Chao. Research on Energy Absorption Mechanism and Design Method of Bionic Multi-Cell Thin-Walled Structures[D]. Changsha: Hunan University, 2022. 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结构 内层 外层
ORMT0.2 0.200 0.462
ORMT0.3 0.300 0.431
ORMT0.4 0.400 0.400
ORMT0.5 0.500 0.369
ORMT0.6 0.600 0.338
IRMT0.2 0.200 0.462
IRMT0.3 0.300 0.431
IRMT0.4 0.400 0.400
IRMT0.5 0.500 0.369
IRMT0.6 0.600 0.338
ERMT0.2 0.200 0.462
ERMT0.3 0.300 0.431
ERMT0.4 0.400 0.400
ERMT0.5 0.500 0.369
ERMT0.6 0.600 0.338
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结构 内层 外层
ORMT0.2 0.200 0.462
ORMT0.3 0.300 0.431
ORMT0.4 0.400 0.400
ORMT0.5 0.500 0.369
ORMT0.6 0.600 0.338
IRMT0.2 0.200 0.462
IRMT0.3 0.300 0.431
IRMT0.4 0.400 0.400
IRMT0.5 0.500 0.369
IRMT0.6 0.600 0.338
ERMT0.2 0.200 0.462
ERMT0.3 0.300 0.431
ERMT0.4 0.400 0.400
ERMT0.5 0.500 0.369
ERMT0.6 0.600 0.338
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结构 峰值碰撞力PCF/kN 总能量吸收EA/kJ 碰撞力效率 比吸能 SEA/ kJ/kg 平均冲击力
ORMT0.4 113.687 8.359 0.608 17.981 69.089
IRMT0.4 113.064 9.016 0.665 19.393 75.133
ERMT0.4 112.292 8.671 0.644 18.651 72.261
TOMT 102.096 6.043 0.493 12.999 50.363
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结构 峰值碰撞力PCF/kN 总能量吸收EA/kJ 碰撞力效率 比吸能 SEA/ kJ/kg 平均冲击力
ORMT0.4 113.687 8.359 0.608 17.981 69.089
IRMT0.4 113.064 9.016 0.665 19.393 75.133
ERMT0.4 112.292 8.671 0.644 18.651 72.261
TOMT 102.096 6.043 0.493 12.999 50.363
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结构 峰值碰撞力 总能量吸收EA/kJ 碰撞力效率 比吸能 SEA/(kJ/kg) 平均冲击力
ORMT0.2 115.544 9.339 0.674 20.088 77.828
ORMT0.3 114.909 9.061 0.657 19.49 75.511
ORMT0.4 113.687 8.359 0.608 17.981 69.089
ORMT0.5 111.224 7.924 0.594 17.045 66.039
ORMT0.6 108.285 7.064 0.588 16.424 63.633
IRMT0.2 115.525 9.334 0.673 20.077 77.784
IRMT0.3 114.586 9.276 0.675 19.953 77.303
IRMT0.4 113.064 9.016 0.665 19.393 75.133
IRMT0.5 110.517 8.119 0.612 17.463 67.659
IRMT0.6 107.609 7.791 0.603 16.758 64.925
ERMT0.2 115.471 9.305 0.672 20.016 77.545
ERMT0.3 114.255 9.145 0.667 19.671 76.208
ERMT0.4 112.292 8.671 0.644 18.651 72.261
ERMT0.5 107.802 7.871 0.608 16.93 65.589
ERMT0.6 108.313 7.636 0.588 16.425 63.637
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结构 峰值碰撞力 总能量吸收EA/kJ 碰撞力效率 比吸能 SEA/(kJ/kg) 平均冲击力
ORMT0.2 115.544 9.339 0.674 20.088 77.828
ORMT0.3 114.909 9.061 0.657 19.49 75.511
ORMT0.4 113.687 8.359 0.608 17.981 69.089
ORMT0.5 111.224 7.924 0.594 17.045 66.039
ORMT0.6 108.285 7.064 0.588 16.424 63.633
IRMT0.2 115.525 9.334 0.673 20.077 77.784
IRMT0.3 114.586 9.276 0.675 19.953 77.303
IRMT0.4 113.064 9.016 0.665 19.393 75.133
IRMT0.5 110.517 8.119 0.612 17.463 67.659
IRMT0.6 107.609 7.791 0.603 16.758 64.925
ERMT0.2 115.471 9.305 0.672 20.016 77.545
ERMT0.3 114.255 9.145 0.667 19.671 76.208
ERMT0.4 112.292 8.671 0.644 18.651 72.261
ERMT0.5 107.802 7.871 0.608 16.93 65.589
ERMT0.6 108.313 7.636 0.588 16.425 63.637
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仿生双菱形肋边多胞薄壁结构的耐撞性能研究
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龚超 1, 2 , 孟晨曦 1 , 陈雷 1 , 刘佳霖 1 , 司小夏 1 , 霍新涛 1 , 刘煜 3
汽车工程学报 | 第17届国际汽车交通安全学术会议精选论文 2024,14(2): 304-312
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汽车工程学报 | 第17届国际汽车交通安全学术会议精选论文 2024, 14(2): 304-312
仿生双菱形肋边多胞薄壁结构的耐撞性能研究
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龚超1, 2 , 孟晨曦1, 陈雷1, 刘佳霖1, 司小夏1, 霍新涛1, 刘煜3
作者信息
  • 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 重庆 401122
  • 龚超(1992-),男,安徽六安人,讲师,主要研究方向为车辆安全防护设计。Tel: 13295606829 E-mail:

通讯作者:


刘煜(1994-),男,湖南邵阳人,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为车辆安全测评技术及装备。Tel: 17843761276 E-mail:
Crashworthiness of Biomimetic Double-Diamond-Ribbed Multi-Cell Thin-Walled Structures
Chao GONG1, 2 , Chenxi MENG1, Lei CHEN1, Jialin LIU1, Xiaoxia SI1, Xintao HUO1, Yu LIU3
Affiliations
  • China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd. Chongqing 401122 China
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.02.14
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为提高汽车吸能盒结构耐撞性,受毛竹微观结构启发,提出3种不同的仿生双菱形肋边多胞薄壁结构。建立仿生双菱形肋边多胞薄壁结构的有限元模型,通过有限元仿真对比研究仿生双菱形肋边多胞薄壁结构与传统八边形多胞薄壁结构的耐撞性。分析双菱形肋边布置方式、内层壁厚等因素对新型薄壁结构吸能特性和变形模式的影响。结果表明,与传统八边形多胞薄壁结构相比,仿生双菱形肋边多胞薄壁结构的吸能特性有了明显的提升;双菱形肋边布置方式和内外层壁厚对结构吸能特性均有一定影响;随着内层壁厚的增加,结构最大峰值力减小,但总能量吸收和比吸能减少,载荷平稳度降低。仿生双菱形肋边多胞薄壁结构能有效降低乘员在汽车正面碰撞中所受的伤害,可应用到新能源汽车吸能盒的设计开发中。

仿生设计  /  多胞薄壁结构  /  双菱形肋边  /  能量吸能  /  耐撞性

To improve the crashworthiness of automobile energyabsorbing boxes, the paper proposes three different biomimetic doublediamondribbed multicell thinwalled structures, inspired by the microstructure of bamboo. Initially, the finite element model for these biomimetic structures is established and its impact resistance is compared with that of the traditional octagonal multicell thinwalled structure through finite element simulations. Subsequently, the paper analyzes the effects of the arrangement of doublediamond ribs and the thickness of inner walls on the energy absorption characteristics and deformation modes of the novel structures. The results indicate that the biomimetic structures offer significantly better energy absorption than their traditional counterparts. The arrangement of doublediamond ribs and the thickness of both inner and outer walls affect the structural energy absorption characteristics. With the increase in the inner wall thickness, the initial peak force on the structure decreases, but the total energy absorption and specific energy absorption decrease, leading to a reduction in load stability. The proposed biomimetic doublediamondribbed multicell thinwalled structure effectively reduces the injuries to occupants in frontal vehicle collisions, and can be applied in the design and development of energyabsorbing boxes for new energy vehicles.

biomimetic design  /  multi-cell thin-walled structure  /  dual-rhombic rib-edge  /  energy absorption  /  crashworthiness
龚超, 孟晨曦, 陈雷, 刘佳霖, 司小夏, 霍新涛, 刘煜. 仿生双菱形肋边多胞薄壁结构的耐撞性能研究. 汽车工程学报, 2024 , 14 (2) : 304 -312 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.02.14
Chao GONG, Chenxi MENG, Lei CHEN, Jialin LIU, Xiaoxia SI, Xintao HUO, Yu LIU. Crashworthiness of Biomimetic Double-Diamond-Ribbed Multi-Cell Thin-Walled Structures[J]. Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering, 2024 , 14 (2) : 304 -312 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.02.14
轻质、阻尼和吸能结构在消散能量和减少车辆受到必要碰撞时的损失方面扮演着重要角色 [ 1 ] 。通常采用铝蜂窝和金属泡沫等材料来实现能量的吸收和消散, 但进一步研究表明, 仿生结构在采用相同材料的情况下,常表现出更卓越的机械性能和可调节的机械反应, 因此, 在不同情况下吸收能量的能力都很出色 [ 2 ] 。采用新型材料的仿生吸能盒结构不仅有更高的能量吸收能力, 而且比传统方案更轻巧 [ 3 ] 。这意味着它们能更有效地将冲击力分散到更大的区域, 从而减少了对局部结构的破坏。这凸显了探索不同仿生薄壁结构在能量吸收方面的潜在优势。
随着软件模拟技术和仿生工程的发展, 相关学者已开始采用各种方法, 将生物体结构及其功能特性应用到工程领域, 以设计出性能更出色的结构 [ 4 ] 。例如,张安煜等 [ 5 ] 通过一项关于薄壁管在轴向冲击下的抗冲击性能的研究发现, 模仿荷叶的薄壁管是一种更合理的吸能结构。邹猛等 [ 6 ] 以牛角为生物原型, 提取了决定牛角耐撞性的结构参数, 并将这些参数应用于薄壁管的设计, 创造了具有牛角特征的仿生管, 其关键参数远远超越了传统的多晶孢子结构。CHEN Jinxiang 等 [ 7 ] 进行了三维显微分析, 揭示了甲虫鞘翅内部存在大量的小圆柱形结构的类似薄壁结构, 受到这些微观结构的启发,提出了一种新型集成蜂窝结构,并证明它在力学性能方面表现出的卓越性能 [ 8 ] 。葛平政等 [ 9 ] 采用巨型仙人掌进行仿生设计, 通过有限元模拟分析了不同褶皱数的仿生薄壁金属管的抗冲击性能, 并与方管进行了比较, 结果表明, 仿生薄壁金属管的能量吸收性能明显优于方管。此外,白芳华等 [ 10 ] 模拟了甲虫鞘翅的微观结构, 设计了一系列四边形、六边形和八边形的仿生多胞管, 并研究了它们的抗冲击性能, 结果表明, 八边形仿生多胞管的抗冲击性能优于四边形和六边形仿生多胞管。在此基础上,朱翔等 [ 11 ] 对泡沫铝填充的薄壁铝合金多单元结构和单单元结构进行了数值模拟, 证明这种结构具有出色的吸能性能。刘飞明等 [ 12 ] 建立了横向冲击下的仿生薄壁马尾结构数值模型, 分析了壁厚、内径和肋条数量对冲击性能和变形模式的影响。总之, 结合生物结构的力学性能与薄壁管的设计要求, 可以开发出性能卓越的仿生薄壁结构。
竹子作为自然界中的一种植物, 拥有出色的力学和材料学特性, 其出色的韧性和弹性加上与其他结构相比有较低的收缩率, 使其在实际应用中具有很大的潜力。为了进一步提高薄壁管结构的抗冲击性能, 受毛竹中节主干外壁微观结构的启发, 设计了一种含有双菱形肋边的新型仿生多胞薄壁结构, 并建立了仿生多胞薄壁结构的有限元模型。同时, 进行试验与仿真结果的对比, 验证了所建立的有限元模型的准确性与可靠性。通过有限元分析仿真轴向载荷加载工况, 对比了仿生多胞薄壁结构与传统八边形多胞薄壁结构的耐撞性以及不同厚度布置的仿生多胞薄壁结构的耐撞性, 研究双菱形肋边对薄壁结构耐撞性的影响。
竹子能承受较高强度的冲击, 并能通过自身结构吸收冲击能量, 呈现出优异的高强、止裂、耐冲击等特性 [ 13 - 14 ] 。观察毛竹壁微观结构发现竹壁从内壁到外壁维束管孔呈近似菱形状且变密度分布 [ 15 ] , 微观上维管束呈现梯度分布和细胞壁多层结构等特点 [ 16 ] ,如 图 1 ~2 所示。
根据这一特征, 在传统八边形多胞薄壁管基础上设计双菱形肋边结构, 通过调整双菱形肋边截面布置方式和薄壁厚度, 设计了 3 种新型仿生多胞薄壁结构,即正置仿生双菱形肋边多胞结构 (Orthogonal Biomimetic Double Rhombic Ribbed Multi Cell Structure, ORMT)、反置仿生双菱形肋边多胞结构(Inverted Biomimetic Double Rhombic Ribbed Multi Cell Structure, IRMT)、等尺寸仿生双菱形肋边多胞结构(Equal Size Biomimetic Double Rhombic Ribbed Multi Cell Structure, ERMT)。 ORMT0.2 中的 O(Orthogonal)表示正置, R (Rhombic) 表示菱形, M (Multi Cell) 表示多胞, T0.2(Thickness)表示薄壁厚度为 ${0.2}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 。同时, 建立了传统八边形多胞薄壁结构(Traditional Octagonal Multicellular Thin-Walled Structure, TOMT) 作为对比。
ORMT、IRMT、ERMT采取相同的截面配置, 以及传统八边形截面构造, 如 图 3 所示, 外层八边形内接于直径为 $D = {150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的圆,内层八边形内接于直径为 $d = {75}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的圆,肋骨采取边对边形式配置,薄壁结构高为 $L = {200}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 。ORMT、IRMT 外层菱形边长为 ${a}_{1} = {9.617}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\text{、}{a}_{2} = {6.429}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,内层菱形边长为 ${b}_{1} = {4.817}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$${b}_{2} = {3.206}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,菱形肋骨 ${c}_{1} =$ ${11.609}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$${c}_{2} = {7.760}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ , ERMT 双菱形结构采取等边长双菱形结构,外层菱形边长为 $a = {8.023}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ , 内层菱形边长为 $b = {4.011}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,菱形肋骨 ${c}_{1} = {11.609}$ $\mathrm{{mm}}\text{、}{c}_{2} = {7.760}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,双菱形对顶角均为 ${53.13}^{ \circ }$ 。仿生多胞薄壁结构截面参数, 如 图 4 所示。
为探究双菱形肋边对薄壁结构耐撞性的影响规律, 采用有限元软件 LS-Dyna 开展数值模拟分析。 薄壁结构总长为 $L = {200}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,壁厚为 $T = {0.4}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,在薄壁结构顶端施加刚性墙, 刚性墙和薄壁结构间接触设置为面面接触。薄壁结构的底部固定,顶端刚性墙以 ${10}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 的恒定速度压缩薄壁结构。底部为全自由度约束的固定刚性墙, 加载角度为轴向加载, 如 图 5 所示。
薄壁结构与刚性墙之间的接触用 “node to surface” 接触算法来模拟, 仿生多胞薄壁结构自身的接触用 “automatic singlesurface” 接触算法来模拟, 以防止各接触面之间发生穿透。网格最大尺寸控制在 ${1.5}\mathrm{\;{mm}} \times {1.5}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,各接触的动、静摩擦因数分别设置为 0.2 和 0.3 。
对内层和外层薄壁结构进行壁厚调整, 保持结构整体质量相等,取内层厚度 ${t}_{\text{inside }}$${0.2}\text{、}{0.3}\text{、}{0.4}$${0.5}\text{、}{0.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,并计算外层薄壁厚度 ${t}_{\text{outside }}$ ,各结构内外层厚度数据, 见 表 1
薄壁结构材料为铝合金 AL6060, 其主要的材料参数如下: $\rho = {2700}\mathrm{\;{kg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ ,杨氏模量 $E = {68.2}\mathrm{{GPa}}$ , 泊松比 $v = {0.3}$ ,幂律指数 $n = {0.23}$ ,屈服强度 ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{s}} = {80}$ $\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ,强度极限 ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{b}} = {173}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 。铝合金 $\mathrm{{AL}}{6060}$ 的应力-应变曲线如 图 6 所示。
为了验证所建立的有限元模型的准确性和可靠性,将龚超 [ 17 ] 的试验结果与所建立的有限元模型计算结果进行对比,结果如 图 7 所示。由 图 7 a 可知, 在压缩力方面仿真结果与测试结果吻合良好。 试验测试结果和有限元仿真结果的初始峰值力分别为 ${42.91}\mathrm{{kN}}$${44.71}\mathrm{{kN}}$ ,相对误差为 ${4.19}\%$图 7 b 为有限元仿真的变形模式与试验测试的变形模式对比。两者变形模式几乎相同, 产生的都是渐进折叠变形, 且变形是从层级多胞方管顶端的诱导凹槽开始的。此外, 试验和有限元模拟结果中多胞方管均形成了 4 个变形褶皱。综上可知, 有限元仿真结果与试验测试结果吻合较好。因此, 本研究所建立的有限元模型得到了充分的验证, 可用于接下来仿生双菱形肋边多胞薄壁结构的能量吸收行为研究。
为了评价所提出仿生多胞结构的耐撞性能, 本研究选取总能量吸收 (EA)、比吸能 (SEA)、平均冲击力 $\left( {P}_{\mathrm{m}}\right)$ 、峰值碰撞力(PCF)和碰撞力效率 $\left( {C}_{\mathrm{f}}\right)$ 作为评价指标。其中,总能量吸收可由碰撞力-位移曲线积分得到,如式(1)所示。
$ \mathrm{{EA}} = {\int }_{0}^{d}F\left( x\right) {dx}\text{ 。 } $
式中: $d$ 为有效变形长度; $F\left( x\right)$ 为瞬间冲击力。
比吸能 SEA 不仅是用来描述单位质量结构所吸收的能量, 还是衡量结构吸能特性的重要指标, 如式(2)所示。
$ \mathrm{{SEA}} = \frac{\mathrm{{EA}}}{M}\text{。} $
式中: $M$ 为吸能结构的质量。
平均冲击力 ${P}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 为冲击载荷的平均大小,如式 (3)所示。
$ {P}_{\mathrm{m}} = \frac{\mathrm{{EA}}}{d}\text{。} $
碰撞力效率 ${C}_{\mathrm{f}}$ 如式(4)所示。
$ {C}_{\mathrm{f}} = \frac{\mathrm{{MCF}}}{\mathrm{{IPF}}} \times {100}\% \text{。} $
峰值碰撞力 $\mathrm{{PCF}}$ 为碰撞力一位移曲线上的峰值, 峰值碰撞力越小, 越有利于减轻乘员损伤。过大的 PCF会导致碰撞的加速度较大, 耐撞性变差; EA 为总能量吸收, 薄壁结构控制质量与压缩位移相等,因此, EA、SEA 和 ${P}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 都具相同的响应。SEA 为单位质量的能量吸收率, SEA 越大, 表明相同质量结构吸收的能量越多,结构耐撞性越好; ${C}_{\mathrm{f}}$ 越大, 平均载荷越接近峰值载荷。因此, 结构的耐撞性与 $\mathrm{{PCF}}$ 负相关,与 $\mathrm{{EA}}\text{、}{P}_{\mathrm{m}}\text{、}\mathrm{{SEA}}$${C}_{\mathrm{f}}$ 正相关。
本节对不同截面配置的 ORMT、IRMT、 ERMT 的耐撞性能进行仿真对比分析。设定所有仿生多胞薄壁结构的壁厚为 ${0.4}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,载荷沿轴向加载,压缩位移为 ${120}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 。不同截面配置的仿生薄壁结构的变形结果, 如 图 8 所示。
通过有限元仿真分析了传统八边形多胞薄壁结构的各项数据。保持质量相同,均为 ${0.465}\mathrm{\;{kg}}$ 。截面布置采取相同形式,外层八边形内接直径为 $D =$ ${150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的圆,内层八边形内接直径为 $d = {75}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的圆, 肋骨采取边对边形式配置。TOMT结构的各项评价指标计算结果, 见 表 2
与传统八边形多胞薄壁结构相比, 3 种仿生多胞薄壁双菱形肋边结构均具有优异的耐撞性能, 总能量吸收EA、比吸能SEA,平均冲击力相比传统八边形结构优化 49.3%,能量吸收力得到显著提升, 碰撞力效率平均提高 34.9%。而仿生多胞薄壁双菱形肋边结构的峰值碰撞力相对传统八边形多胞薄壁结构只提高了 10.7%,但在其他各方面都得到了显著提升。
此外, 对 3 种仿生多胞薄壁双菱形肋边结构进行耐撞性对比。由 图 8 可知, 在轴向碰撞下薄壁结构呈现渐进折叠模式。由 图 9表 2 可知, 在 EA 和 ${C}_{\mathrm{f}}$ 方面, IRMT0.4 具有最优异的能量吸收,且碰撞力效率更低,载荷变化幅度更小。对比 ORMT0.4 和 ERMT0.4, 总能量吸收 EA 分别增加了 7.86% 和 ${3.97}\% ,{C}_{\mathrm{f}}$ 分别增加了 ${9.36}\%$${3.26}\%$ 。在相同壁厚为 ${0.4}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 和压缩位移为 ${120}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的设置下, IRMT0.4 比吸能为 ${19.393}\mathrm{\;{kJ}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,平均冲击力为 ${75.100}\mathrm{{kN}}$ ,平均优化 ${7.85}\%$ 。综合分析可知,3 种仿生多胞薄壁双菱形肋边结构耐撞性能与传统八边形多胞薄壁结构耐撞性能相比都得到了显著提升, 且 IMRT 表现出最优异的性能。
对 3 种结构进行内、外层厚度调整,内层薄壁厚度分别调整为 ${0.2}\text{、}{0.3}\text{、}{0.4}\text{、}{0.5}\text{、}{0.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 。轴向碰撞角度下不同厚度薄壁结构变形、应力情况和耐撞性指标结果分别如 图 10 ~12 和 表 3 所示,压缩位移为 ${120}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$
图 10 可知, 载荷波动度随壁厚增加而增大, 在壁厚为 ${0.2}\text{、}{0.3}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 时载荷波动度较小,载荷较平稳,具有更好的稳定性。壁厚超过 ${0.4}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 后载荷波动度显著增大,载荷上下波动明显。
图 12 b 可知,薄壁结构峰值碰撞力随内层厚度的增加而减小,厚度每增加 ${0.1}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,最大峰值力平均减少 1.5%,并且随着内层厚度的增大,最大峰值力下降幅度也不断增大。 图 12 c 为薄壁结构比吸能 SEA 随内层厚度变化的规律。随着内层壁厚的增加,压缩 ${120}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 时的总能量吸收减少。在内层壁厚从 ${0.3}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 变化至 ${0.5}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的过程中总能量吸收减小幅度最大。平均厚度每增加 ${0.1}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,能量吸收平均减少 4.5%。在质量和压缩位移相同的情况下,根据平均冲击力计算公式可知, 平均冲击力与比吸能具有相同的响应, 平均冲击力随内层厚度的变化规律,如 图 12 d 所示。ORMT0.2 和 IRMT0.2 都具有较好的平均冲击力结果。 图 12 a 为薄壁结构碰撞力效率 ${C}_{\mathrm{f}}$ 随内层厚度的变化规律。碰撞力效率在内层厚度增大的情况下,碰撞力效率在不断变小,碰撞力偏移最大峰值力的偏移量增加。减小幅度最大值出现在 ${0.3} \sim {0.5}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 之间。最小出现在 IRMT 内层厚度为 ${0.3}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 时,此时碰撞力效率为 0.675。
综上所述, 内壁厚度对 OMRE、EMRT, IMRT 的耐撞性能具有较显著的影响, 在实际工程运用中, 适当降低内壁厚度有助于提升仿生多胞薄壁结构OMRE、EMRT, IMRT的耐撞性能。
本文以具有优异力学性能的竹子为仿生原型, 通过分析其微观结构, 再基于仿生学基本原理设计了 3 类新型仿生薄壁结构, 通过有限元仿真对 3 类仿生薄壁结构的耐撞性能进行分析探究, 建立了与结构有关的理论分析模型,主要研究结论如下。
1)与传统八边形多胞薄壁结构相比,3 种仿生多胞薄壁双菱形肋边结构的耐撞性能都得到了显著提升。
2)在 3 种仿生多胞薄壁双菱形肋边结构中, IMRT具有最优异的综合性能,其中 ${0.2}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 为最优壁厚, 具有极为优异的耐撞性能, 且载荷波动度较小。
3)随着内层壁厚的增加,薄壁结构最大峰值力减小且下降幅度增大。碰撞力效率、比吸能均随内层壁厚增加而减小。在内层壁厚从 ${0.3}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 变化至 ${0.5}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的过程中,碰撞力效率和比吸能的减小幅度最大。载荷波动度随壁厚增加而增大, 在壁厚超过 ${0.4}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 后载荷波动度显著增大,载荷上下波动明显。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年项目(52305254)
  • 合肥工业大学青年教师科研创新启动专项(JZ2023HGQA0135)
  • 合肥工业大学青年教师科研创新启动专项(JZ2023HGQA0136)
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2024年第14卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.02.14
  • 接收时间:2023-12-19
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-19
  • 修回日期:2023-12-20
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国家自然科学基金青年项目(52305254)
合肥工业大学青年教师科研创新启动专项(JZ2023HGQA0135)
合肥工业大学青年教师科研创新启动专项(JZ2023HGQA0136)
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    中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 重庆 401122

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刘煜(1994-),男,湖南邵阳人,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为车辆安全测评技术及装备。Tel: 17843761276 E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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