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The skeleton is a multiscale hierarchical structure composed of minerals, collagen proteins, and other constituents. The complex nonuniformity and anisotropy of bones are attributed to their adaptive characteristics under physiological loads. To characterize the biomechanical properties of bones in various fields such as mechanical engineering, biomechanics, medicine, aerospace, and forensics, it is necessary to employ a range of material testing methods to accurately obtain the material constitutive parameters of the skeleton. The article comprehensively introduces the preservation, preparation, testing, and identification methods for material constitutive parameters of bone specimens, and analyzes the characteristics of various mechanical testing methods and their requirements for bone samples. Additionally, the article discusses the application of new testing technologies in characterizing the biomechanical properties of bones. Finally, based on the threepoint bending testing method, this article proposes a process for acquiring material parameters of human bones. The methods and technologies discussed provide theoretical and methodological references for the systematic characterization of bone biomechanical properties.
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骨骼是由矿物质和胶原蛋白等成分构成的多尺度层级结构,其在生理载荷作用下的自适应特性造就了骨骼复杂的非均匀性、各项异性等特性。为适应机械、生物力学、医学、航空航天、法医等多领域中骨骼生物力学特性的表征,需要利用多种不同的材料力学测试方法,准确地获取骨骼的材料本构参数。全面介绍了骨骼试样的保存、制备、测试及材料本构参数识别方法,分析了各种力学测试方法的特点及其对骨骼试样的要求。还介绍了新测试技术在骨骼力学特性表征方面的应用,基于三点弯曲测试方法提出了一套人体骨骼的材料参数获取流程。可为骨骼生物力学特性的系统表征提供理论和方法参考。
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| 序号 | 文献 | 保存温度℃ | 保存时间 | 保存方法 | 样本 | 测试方法/参数 | 结果 |
| 1 | FRANKEL (1960) [ 14 ] | -25 | | | 人股骨近端 | 压缩 | 无变化 |
| 2 | SEDLIN (1965) [ 15 ] | -20 | 3~4 周 | | 人股骨皮质骨 | 弯曲 | 无显著变化 |
| 3 | WEAVER (1966) [ 16 ] | -20 | ${48}\mathrm{\;h}$ | 密封 | 人皮质骨 | 硬度 | 无变化 |
| 4 | PELKER (1984) [ 17 ] | -20 | 2 周 | | 鼠皮质骨 | 扭转 | 无显著变化 |
| 鼠松质骨 | 压缩 | 极限应力弹性模量增加 |
| 5 | ROE (1988) [ 18 ] | -20 | 1/16/32 周 | 密封 | 狗股骨 | 压缩 | 极限应力先增后减 |
| 狗股骨 | 螺丝拉出/剥离 | 无变化 |
| 6 | GOH (1989) [ 19 ] | -20 | 3/21 天 | | 猫股骨 | 弯曲 | 无显著变化 |
| 猫肱骨 | 扭转 | 无显著变化 |
| 7 | LINDE (1993) [ 20 ] | -20 | $1/{10}/{100}$ 天 | 密封 | 人松质骨 | 压缩 | 无显著变化 |
| 8 | HUSS (1995) [ 21 ] | -20 | 14/28 天 | 潮湿、密封 | 狗股骨 | 销拨出 | 无显著变化 |
| 9 | BORCHERS(1995) [ 22 ] | -20 | 8 天 | 密封 | 奶牛松质骨 | 压缩 | 无变化 |
| 10 | HAMER(1996) [ 23 ] | -70 | 5次冻融循环 6/12/24 月 | 是否用盐水 | 人股骨皮质骨 | 弯曲 | 无变化 |
| 11 | KANG (1997) [ 24 ] | -20 | 奶牛松质骨 | 凹痕 | 无变化 |
| 12 | MATTER (2001) [ 25 ] | -20 | 猪肱骨 | 拉拔试验 | 无显著变化 |
| 13 | HAAREN (2008) [ 26 ] | -20 | 1.5/3/6/12 月 | 密封 | 山羊股骨 | 弯曲 | 无显著变化 |
| 山羊肱骨 | 扭转 | 无显著变化 |
| 14 | NAZARIAN (2009) [ 27 ] | -20 | 2 周 | 潮湿 潮湿、密封 | 鼠股骨/椎骨 | 压缩 | 无显著变化 |
| 15 | STEFAN (2010) [ 13 ] | -20 | 6 月 | 人股骨/牛胫骨 | 弯曲 | 无显著变化 |
| 16 | DIEFENBECK (2011) [ 28 ] | -20 | 14 天 | 鼠胫骨 | 拉拔试验 | 无显著变化 |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978782558970074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731061306102, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=
冷冻对骨力学性能的影响, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 文献 | 保存温度℃ | 保存时间 | 保存方法 | 样本 | 测试方法/参数 | 结果 |
| 1 | FRANKEL (1960) [ 14 ] | -25 | | | 人股骨近端 | 压缩 | 无变化 |
| 2 | SEDLIN (1965) [ 15 ] | -20 | 3~4 周 | | 人股骨皮质骨 | 弯曲 | 无显著变化 |
| 3 | WEAVER (1966) [ 16 ] | -20 | ${48}\mathrm{\;h}$ | 密封 | 人皮质骨 | 硬度 | 无变化 |
| 4 | PELKER (1984) [ 17 ] | -20 | 2 周 | | 鼠皮质骨 | 扭转 | 无显著变化 |
| 鼠松质骨 | 压缩 | 极限应力弹性模量增加 |
| 5 | ROE (1988) [ 18 ] | -20 | 1/16/32 周 | 密封 | 狗股骨 | 压缩 | 极限应力先增后减 |
| 狗股骨 | 螺丝拉出/剥离 | 无变化 |
| 6 | GOH (1989) [ 19 ] | -20 | 3/21 天 | | 猫股骨 | 弯曲 | 无显著变化 |
| 猫肱骨 | 扭转 | 无显著变化 |
| 7 | LINDE (1993) [ 20 ] | -20 | $1/{10}/{100}$ 天 | 密封 | 人松质骨 | 压缩 | 无显著变化 |
| 8 | HUSS (1995) [ 21 ] | -20 | 14/28 天 | 潮湿、密封 | 狗股骨 | 销拨出 | 无显著变化 |
| 9 | BORCHERS(1995) [ 22 ] | -20 | 8 天 | 密封 | 奶牛松质骨 | 压缩 | 无变化 |
| 10 | HAMER(1996) [ 23 ] | -70 | 5次冻融循环 6/12/24 月 | 是否用盐水 | 人股骨皮质骨 | 弯曲 | 无变化 |
| 11 | KANG (1997) [ 24 ] | -20 | 奶牛松质骨 | 凹痕 | 无变化 |
| 12 | MATTER (2001) [ 25 ] | -20 | 猪肱骨 | 拉拔试验 | 无显著变化 |
| 13 | HAAREN (2008) [ 26 ] | -20 | 1.5/3/6/12 月 | 密封 | 山羊股骨 | 弯曲 | 无显著变化 |
| 山羊肱骨 | 扭转 | 无显著变化 |
| 14 | NAZARIAN (2009) [ 27 ] | -20 | 2 周 | 潮湿 潮湿、密封 | 鼠股骨/椎骨 | 压缩 | 无显著变化 |
| 15 | STEFAN (2010) [ 13 ] | -20 | 6 月 | 人股骨/牛胫骨 | 弯曲 | 无显著变化 |
| 16 | DIEFENBECK (2011) [ 28 ] | -20 | 14 天 | 鼠胫骨 | 拉拔试验 | 无显著变化 |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978782651244762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731061306102, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 测试方法 | 常用试样形状 | 材料参数 |
| 拉伸 | 哑铃状 | 弹性模量、最大载荷、最大位移、极限应力、破坏强度、延伸率、断面收缩率、能量吸收、结构刚度 |
| 压缩 | 长方体 | 弹性模量、最大载荷、最大位移、极限应力、最大应变、能量吸收、结构刚度 |
| 三点弯曲 | 骨段/长方体 | 弹性模量、最大载荷、挠度、破坏载荷、破坏位移、破坏应力、破坏应变、最大破坏弯矩、极限强度、 结构刚度、能量吸收 |
| 四点弯曲 | 骨段/长方体 | 弹性模量、最大载荷、挠度、破坏载荷、破坏位移、破坏应力、破坏应变、最大破坏弯矩、极限强度、 结构刚度、能量吸收 |
| 扭转 | 整骨/哑铃状 | 最大转矩、最大扭转剪应力、最大拉应力、最大压应力、扭转角 |
| 超声波 | 立方体/圆柱体 | 弹性模量 |
| 纳米压痕 | | 硬度和压入模量 |
| Micro-CT | | $\mathrm{{HU}}$ 值、 $\mathrm{{TMD}}$ 、表观密度 ${\rho }_{\mathrm{{app}}}$ 、灰密度 ${\rho }_{\mathrm{{ash}}}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978782718353628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731061306102, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=
材测试方法与材料参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 测试方法 | 常用试样形状 | 材料参数 |
| 拉伸 | 哑铃状 | 弹性模量、最大载荷、最大位移、极限应力、破坏强度、延伸率、断面收缩率、能量吸收、结构刚度 |
| 压缩 | 长方体 | 弹性模量、最大载荷、最大位移、极限应力、最大应变、能量吸收、结构刚度 |
| 三点弯曲 | 骨段/长方体 | 弹性模量、最大载荷、挠度、破坏载荷、破坏位移、破坏应力、破坏应变、最大破坏弯矩、极限强度、 结构刚度、能量吸收 |
| 四点弯曲 | 骨段/长方体 | 弹性模量、最大载荷、挠度、破坏载荷、破坏位移、破坏应力、破坏应变、最大破坏弯矩、极限强度、 结构刚度、能量吸收 |
| 扭转 | 整骨/哑铃状 | 最大转矩、最大扭转剪应力、最大拉应力、最大压应力、扭转角 |
| 超声波 | 立方体/圆柱体 | 弹性模量 |
| 纳米压痕 | | 硬度和压入模量 |
| Micro-CT | | $\mathrm{{HU}}$ 值、 $\mathrm{{TMD}}$ 、表观密度 ${\rho }_{\mathrm{{app}}}$ 、灰密度 ${\rho }_{\mathrm{{ash}}}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978782789656798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731061306102, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 骨 | 文献 | 样本量 | 年龄/岁 | 横截面 | 长×宽×厚(总长)/mm | 弹性模量/GPa |
| 1 | 股骨 | EVANS (1967) [ 49 ] | 16 | 33~89 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $- \times {3.8} \times {2.3}$ (76) | 14.10 |
| 2 | 股骨 | BURSTEIN (1976) [ 50 ] | $N = {33}$ | 29~89 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $6 \times 2 \times 2\left( {15}\right)$ | ${16.84} \pm {1.92}$ |
| 3 | 股骨 | KATSAMANIS (1990) [ 51 ] | 1 | 45~55 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $- \times {10.5} \times 4\left( {54}\right)$ | ${16.24} \pm {0.94}$ |
| 4 | 股骨 | NEIL (2004) [ 57 ] | 3 | 44~64 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | ${10} \times 3 \times 3\left( {20}\right)$ | ${16.61} \pm {1.83}$ |
| 5 | 股骨 | BAYRAKTAR (2004) [ 52 ] | 11 | 51~85 | | | ${19.97} \pm {1.80}$ |
| 6 | 股骨 | HANSEN (2008) [ 53 ] | 1 | 51 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $- \times {2.4} \times 3$ | 18.52 |
| 7 | 股骨 | DUCHEMIN (2008) [ 54 ] | 13 | 54~101 | 长方体 | ${25} \times 3 \times 3$ | ${14.30} \pm {4.00}$ |
| 8 | 股骨 | SUBIT (2013) [ 55 ] | 5 | 15~75 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $6 \times {2.5} \times {0.5}\left( {25}\right)$ | ${16.27} \pm {1.65}$ |
| 9 | 股骨 | MIRZAALI (2016) [ 56 ] | 39 | 46~99 | 圆柱截面哑铃状 | ${6.5} \times {\Phi 3}\left( {30}\right)$ | ${18.16} \pm {1.88}$ |
| 10 | 胫骨 | BURSTEIN (1976) [ 50 ] | $N = {28}$ | 50~59 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $6 \times 2 \times 2\left( {15}\right)$ | ${23.83} \pm {4.40}$ |
| 11 | 胫骨 | KEMPER (2007) [ 58 ] | 2 | 56~67 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $9 \times 2 \times 2\left( {33}\right)$ | ${18.35} \pm {1.55}$ |
| 12 | 胫骨 | SUBIT (2013) [ 55 ] | 5 | 15~75 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $6 \times {2.5} \times {0.5}\left( {25}\right)$ | ${19.85} \pm {1.50}$ |
| 13 | 额、顶、枕骨 | BORUAH (2017) [ 59 ] | 10 | ${41} \sim {70}$ | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $6 \times {2.5} \times {0.5}\left( {25}\right)$ | ${12.01} \pm {3.28}$ |
| 14 | 肋骨(1-12) | KEMPER (2005) [ 60 ] | 6 | 18~67 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | ${10} \times {2.5} \times {0.3}\left( {30}\right)$ | ${13.90} \pm {3.95}$ |
| 15 | 肋骨(4-7) | KEMPER (2007) [ 61 ] | 6 | ${42} \sim {81}$ | 矩形截面哑铃状 | ${10} \times {2.5} \times {0.3}\left( {30}\right)$ | ${14.40} \pm {3.04}$ |
| 16 | 肋骨(6、7) | SUBIT (2013) [ 62 ] | 3 | | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $6 \times {2.5} \times {0.5}\left( {25}\right)$ | ${13.50} \pm {2.60}$ |
| 17 | 肋骨(6) | ALBERT (2018) [ 63 ] | 18 | 35~99 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | ${10} \times {2.5} \times {0.3}\left( {30}\right)$ | 12.46 |
| 18 | 肋骨(3-7) | KATZENBERGER (2020) [ 64 ] | 61 | 17~99 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | 厚度 ${0.23} \sim {0.43}$ | ${14.75} \pm {3.28}$ |
| 19 | 肋骨(7) | VELÁZQUEZ-AMEIJIDE (2021) [ 65 ] | 64 | ${10} \sim {91}$ | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $- \times 2 \times {0.5}$ (25) | ${16.00} \pm {0.40}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978782890320097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731061306102, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=
人体皮质骨拉伸测试相关参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 骨 | 文献 | 样本量 | 年龄/岁 | 横截面 | 长×宽×厚(总长)/mm | 弹性模量/GPa |
| 1 | 股骨 | EVANS (1967) [ 49 ] | 16 | 33~89 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $- \times {3.8} \times {2.3}$ (76) | 14.10 |
| 2 | 股骨 | BURSTEIN (1976) [ 50 ] | $N = {33}$ | 29~89 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $6 \times 2 \times 2\left( {15}\right)$ | ${16.84} \pm {1.92}$ |
| 3 | 股骨 | KATSAMANIS (1990) [ 51 ] | 1 | 45~55 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $- \times {10.5} \times 4\left( {54}\right)$ | ${16.24} \pm {0.94}$ |
| 4 | 股骨 | NEIL (2004) [ 57 ] | 3 | 44~64 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | ${10} \times 3 \times 3\left( {20}\right)$ | ${16.61} \pm {1.83}$ |
| 5 | 股骨 | BAYRAKTAR (2004) [ 52 ] | 11 | 51~85 | | | ${19.97} \pm {1.80}$ |
| 6 | 股骨 | HANSEN (2008) [ 53 ] | 1 | 51 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $- \times {2.4} \times 3$ | 18.52 |
| 7 | 股骨 | DUCHEMIN (2008) [ 54 ] | 13 | 54~101 | 长方体 | ${25} \times 3 \times 3$ | ${14.30} \pm {4.00}$ |
| 8 | 股骨 | SUBIT (2013) [ 55 ] | 5 | 15~75 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $6 \times {2.5} \times {0.5}\left( {25}\right)$ | ${16.27} \pm {1.65}$ |
| 9 | 股骨 | MIRZAALI (2016) [ 56 ] | 39 | 46~99 | 圆柱截面哑铃状 | ${6.5} \times {\Phi 3}\left( {30}\right)$ | ${18.16} \pm {1.88}$ |
| 10 | 胫骨 | BURSTEIN (1976) [ 50 ] | $N = {28}$ | 50~59 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $6 \times 2 \times 2\left( {15}\right)$ | ${23.83} \pm {4.40}$ |
| 11 | 胫骨 | KEMPER (2007) [ 58 ] | 2 | 56~67 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $9 \times 2 \times 2\left( {33}\right)$ | ${18.35} \pm {1.55}$ |
| 12 | 胫骨 | SUBIT (2013) [ 55 ] | 5 | 15~75 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $6 \times {2.5} \times {0.5}\left( {25}\right)$ | ${19.85} \pm {1.50}$ |
| 13 | 额、顶、枕骨 | BORUAH (2017) [ 59 ] | 10 | ${41} \sim {70}$ | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $6 \times {2.5} \times {0.5}\left( {25}\right)$ | ${12.01} \pm {3.28}$ |
| 14 | 肋骨(1-12) | KEMPER (2005) [ 60 ] | 6 | 18~67 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | ${10} \times {2.5} \times {0.3}\left( {30}\right)$ | ${13.90} \pm {3.95}$ |
| 15 | 肋骨(4-7) | KEMPER (2007) [ 61 ] | 6 | ${42} \sim {81}$ | 矩形截面哑铃状 | ${10} \times {2.5} \times {0.3}\left( {30}\right)$ | ${14.40} \pm {3.04}$ |
| 16 | 肋骨(6、7) | SUBIT (2013) [ 62 ] | 3 | | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $6 \times {2.5} \times {0.5}\left( {25}\right)$ | ${13.50} \pm {2.60}$ |
| 17 | 肋骨(6) | ALBERT (2018) [ 63 ] | 18 | 35~99 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | ${10} \times {2.5} \times {0.3}\left( {30}\right)$ | 12.46 |
| 18 | 肋骨(3-7) | KATZENBERGER (2020) [ 64 ] | 61 | 17~99 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | 厚度 ${0.23} \sim {0.43}$ | ${14.75} \pm {3.28}$ |
| 19 | 肋骨(7) | VELÁZQUEZ-AMEIJIDE (2021) [ 65 ] | 64 | ${10} \sim {91}$ | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $- \times 2 \times {0.5}$ (25) | ${16.00} \pm {0.40}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978783007760612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731061306102, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 骨 | 文献 | 样本量 | 年龄/岁 | 横截面 | 长×宽×厚(总长)/mm | 弹性模量/GPa |
| 1 | 股骨 | BURSTEIN (1976) [ 50 ] | $N = {19}$ | ${29} \sim {89}$ | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $6 \times 2 \times 2\left( {15}\right)$ | ${16.84} \pm {1.92}$ |
| 2 | 股骨 | HANSEN (2008) [ 53 ] | 1 | 51 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $- \times {2.4} \times 3$ | 18.52 |
| 3 | 股骨 | DUCHEMIN (2008) [ 54 ] | 13 | 54~101 | 长方体 | ${25} \times 3 \times 3$ | ${14.30} \pm {4.00}$ |
| 4 | 股骨 | MIRZAALI (2016) [ 56 ] | 39 | 46~99 | 圆柱截面哑铃状 | ${6.5} \times {\Phi 3}\left( {30}\right)$ | ${18.16} \pm {1.88}$ |
| 5 | 胫骨 | BURSTEIN (1976) [ 50 ] | $N = {11}$ | 29~89 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $6 \times 2 \times 2\left( {15}\right)$ | ${16.24} \pm {0.94}$ |
| 6 | 胫骨 | KEMPER (2007) [ 58 ] | 2 | 56~67 | 长方体 | $7 \times {2.5} \times {2.5}$ | ${16.91} \pm {2.86}$ |
| 7 | 顶骨 | EVANS (1957) [ 71 ] | $N = {15}$ | | 长方体 | | |
| 8 | 额、顶、枕骨 | MCELHANEY (1970) [ 72 ] | 17 | 56~73 | 长方体体 | ${10} \times {10} \times {10}$ | ${2.40} \pm {1.40}$ |
| 9 | 额、顶、枕骨 | BORUAH (2013) [ 73 ] | 10 | ${41} \sim {70}$ | 圆柱体 | ${\Phi 18.24}$ | ${0.45} \pm {0.14}$ |
| 10 | 额骨 | ZHAI Xuedong (2020) [ 74 ] | 3 | 70~74 | 长方体 | ${7.2} \times {4.7} \times {7.9}$ | ${1.48} \pm {0.45}$ |
| 11 | 肋骨(5-7) | ALBERT (2021) [ 75 ] | 30 | ${18} \sim {95}$ | 圆柱体 | $2 \times {\Phi 1}$ | ${11.47} \pm {1.90}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978783083258084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731061306102, language=CN, label=表 4, caption=
人体骨骼压缩测试参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 骨 | 文献 | 样本量 | 年龄/岁 | 横截面 | 长×宽×厚(总长)/mm | 弹性模量/GPa |
| 1 | 股骨 | BURSTEIN (1976) [ 50 ] | $N = {19}$ | ${29} \sim {89}$ | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $6 \times 2 \times 2\left( {15}\right)$ | ${16.84} \pm {1.92}$ |
| 2 | 股骨 | HANSEN (2008) [ 53 ] | 1 | 51 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $- \times {2.4} \times 3$ | 18.52 |
| 3 | 股骨 | DUCHEMIN (2008) [ 54 ] | 13 | 54~101 | 长方体 | ${25} \times 3 \times 3$ | ${14.30} \pm {4.00}$ |
| 4 | 股骨 | MIRZAALI (2016) [ 56 ] | 39 | 46~99 | 圆柱截面哑铃状 | ${6.5} \times {\Phi 3}\left( {30}\right)$ | ${18.16} \pm {1.88}$ |
| 5 | 胫骨 | BURSTEIN (1976) [ 50 ] | $N = {11}$ | 29~89 | 矩形截面哑铃状 | $6 \times 2 \times 2\left( {15}\right)$ | ${16.24} \pm {0.94}$ |
| 6 | 胫骨 | KEMPER (2007) [ 58 ] | 2 | 56~67 | 长方体 | $7 \times {2.5} \times {2.5}$ | ${16.91} \pm {2.86}$ |
| 7 | 顶骨 | EVANS (1957) [ 71 ] | $N = {15}$ | | 长方体 | | |
| 8 | 额、顶、枕骨 | MCELHANEY (1970) [ 72 ] | 17 | 56~73 | 长方体体 | ${10} \times {10} \times {10}$ | ${2.40} \pm {1.40}$ |
| 9 | 额、顶、枕骨 | BORUAH (2013) [ 73 ] | 10 | ${41} \sim {70}$ | 圆柱体 | ${\Phi 18.24}$ | ${0.45} \pm {0.14}$ |
| 10 | 额骨 | ZHAI Xuedong (2020) [ 74 ] | 3 | 70~74 | 长方体 | ${7.2} \times {4.7} \times {7.9}$ | ${1.48} \pm {0.45}$ |
| 11 | 肋骨(5-7) | ALBERT (2021) [ 75 ] | 30 | ${18} \sim {95}$ | 圆柱体 | $2 \times {\Phi 1}$ | ${11.47} \pm {1.90}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978783141978342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731061306102, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 骨 | 文献 | 样本量 | 年龄/岁 | 横截面 | 长×宽×厚/mm | 杨氏模量/GPa |
| 1 | 股骨 | SEEDHOM (2004) [ 79 ] | 5 | 62~88 | 长方体 | ${35} \times 2 \times 1$ | ${18.60} \pm {1.90}$ |
| 2 | 股骨 | STEFAN (2010) [ 11 ] | 3 | ${69} \pm 5$ | 圆柱体 | ${60} \times {\Phi 3}$ | ${17.85} \pm {1.01}$ |
| 3 | 胫骨 | SNYDER (1991) [ 72 ] | 7 | 29~73 | 长方体 | ${40} \times 2 \times 2$ | ${17.50} \pm {1.62}$ |
| 4 | 腓骨 | BERTEAU (2014) [ 81 ] | 3 | 66~96 | 长方体 | $\left( {{15} \sim {50}}\right) \times \left( {4 \sim {10}}\right) \times \left( {{0.5} \sim 3}\right)$ | ${7.00} \pm {2.70}$ |
| 5 | 顶骨 | HUBBARD (1971) [ 82 ] | $N = 4$ | | 长方体 | ${11} \times {1.6}$ | ${9.72} \pm {1.50}$ |
| 6 | 额, 顶, 枕, 颞骨 | DELILLE (2007) [ 75 ] | 18 | ${52} \sim {83}$ | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | ${5.21} \pm {3.30}$ |
| 7 | 额骨 | DELILLE (2007) [ 75 ] | 18 | ${52} \sim {83}$ | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | 3.79 |
| 8 | 顶骨 | DELILLE (2007) [ 75 ] | 18 | ${52} \sim {83}$ | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | 4.95 |
| 9 | 颞骨 | DELILLE (2007) [ 75 ] | 18 | 52~83 | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | 11.32 |
| 10 | 额骨 | MOTHERWAY (2009) [ 76 ] | 8 | ${81} \pm {11}$ | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {10}$ | ${5.70} \pm {1.73}$ |
| 11 | 顶骨 | MOTHERWAY(2009) [ 76 ] | 8 | ${81} \pm {11}$ | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {10}$ | ${4.35} \pm {1.71}$ |
| 12 | 额, 顶骨 | MOTHERWAY(2010) [ 77 ] | 8 | ${81} \pm {11}$ | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {10}$ | ${7.46} \pm {5.39}$ |
| 13 | 额, 顶, 颞骨 | AUPERRIN (2014) [ 86 ] | $N = {21}$ | ${52} \sim {95}$ | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | ${6.17} \pm {3.47}$ |
| 14 | 额骨 | AUPERRIN (2014) [ 86 ] | $N = {21}$ | 52~95 | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | ${3.81} \pm {1.55}$ |
| 15 | 顶骨 | AUPERRIN (2014) [ 86 ] | $N = {21}$ | ${52} \sim {95}$ | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | ${5.00} \pm {3.12}$ |
| 16 | 颞骨 | AUPERRIN (2014) [ 86 ] | $N = {21}$ | 52~95 | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | ${9.70} \pm {5.75}$ |
| 17 | 额骨 | RAHMOUN (2014) [ 87 ] | 11 | 88 | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | ${3.28} \pm {2.00}$ |
| 18 | 顶骨 | RAHMOUN (2014) [ 87 ] | 11 | 88 | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | ${4.53} \pm {4.81}$ |
| 19 | 颞骨 | RAHMOUN (2014) [ 87 ] | 11 | 88 | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | ${5.99} \pm {2.22}$ |
| 20 | 额, 顶, 枕骨 | LEE (2019) [ 88 ] | 2 | 61~86 | 颅骨段 | ${40} \times {10}$ | ${2.22} \pm {1.01}$ |
| 21 | 肋骨(6/7) | GRANIK (1973) [ 89 ] | 15 | | 肋骨段 | | ${11.50} \pm {2.14}$ |
| 22 | 肋骨(7、8) | YOGANANDAN (1998) [ 78 ] | 30 | ${29} \sim {81}$ | 肋骨段 | 长度 150 | ${2.10} \pm {0.33}$ |
| 23 | 肋骨(1-12) | STITZEL (2003) [ 90 ] | 4 | 61~71 | 长方体 | ${29} \times 4 \times {0.75}$ | ${10.02} \pm {4.00}$ |
| 24 | 肋骨(4-7) | KEMPER (2007) [ 61 ] | 6 | ${42} \sim {81}$ | 肋骨段 | 长度 100 | ${20.04} \pm {2.84}$ |
| 25 | 胸骨 | TORIMITSU (2023) [ 91 ] | 120 | ${21} \sim {93}$ | 胸骨段 | ${30} \times 5$ | |
| 26 | 髂骨 | KUHN (1989) [ 92 ] | 2 | ${23} \sim {63}$ | 长方体 | 厚度 0.05~0.2 | ${4.89} \pm {1.99}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978783200698601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731061306102, language=CN, label=表 5, caption=
人体骨骼三点弯曲测试参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 骨 | 文献 | 样本量 | 年龄/岁 | 横截面 | 长×宽×厚/mm | 杨氏模量/GPa |
| 1 | 股骨 | SEEDHOM (2004) [ 79 ] | 5 | 62~88 | 长方体 | ${35} \times 2 \times 1$ | ${18.60} \pm {1.90}$ |
| 2 | 股骨 | STEFAN (2010) [ 11 ] | 3 | ${69} \pm 5$ | 圆柱体 | ${60} \times {\Phi 3}$ | ${17.85} \pm {1.01}$ |
| 3 | 胫骨 | SNYDER (1991) [ 72 ] | 7 | 29~73 | 长方体 | ${40} \times 2 \times 2$ | ${17.50} \pm {1.62}$ |
| 4 | 腓骨 | BERTEAU (2014) [ 81 ] | 3 | 66~96 | 长方体 | $\left( {{15} \sim {50}}\right) \times \left( {4 \sim {10}}\right) \times \left( {{0.5} \sim 3}\right)$ | ${7.00} \pm {2.70}$ |
| 5 | 顶骨 | HUBBARD (1971) [ 82 ] | $N = 4$ | | 长方体 | ${11} \times {1.6}$ | ${9.72} \pm {1.50}$ |
| 6 | 额, 顶, 枕, 颞骨 | DELILLE (2007) [ 75 ] | 18 | ${52} \sim {83}$ | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | ${5.21} \pm {3.30}$ |
| 7 | 额骨 | DELILLE (2007) [ 75 ] | 18 | ${52} \sim {83}$ | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | 3.79 |
| 8 | 顶骨 | DELILLE (2007) [ 75 ] | 18 | ${52} \sim {83}$ | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | 4.95 |
| 9 | 颞骨 | DELILLE (2007) [ 75 ] | 18 | 52~83 | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | 11.32 |
| 10 | 额骨 | MOTHERWAY (2009) [ 76 ] | 8 | ${81} \pm {11}$ | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {10}$ | ${5.70} \pm {1.73}$ |
| 11 | 顶骨 | MOTHERWAY(2009) [ 76 ] | 8 | ${81} \pm {11}$ | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {10}$ | ${4.35} \pm {1.71}$ |
| 12 | 额, 顶骨 | MOTHERWAY(2010) [ 77 ] | 8 | ${81} \pm {11}$ | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {10}$ | ${7.46} \pm {5.39}$ |
| 13 | 额, 顶, 颞骨 | AUPERRIN (2014) [ 86 ] | $N = {21}$ | ${52} \sim {95}$ | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | ${6.17} \pm {3.47}$ |
| 14 | 额骨 | AUPERRIN (2014) [ 86 ] | $N = {21}$ | 52~95 | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | ${3.81} \pm {1.55}$ |
| 15 | 顶骨 | AUPERRIN (2014) [ 86 ] | $N = {21}$ | ${52} \sim {95}$ | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | ${5.00} \pm {3.12}$ |
| 16 | 颞骨 | AUPERRIN (2014) [ 86 ] | $N = {21}$ | 52~95 | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | ${9.70} \pm {5.75}$ |
| 17 | 额骨 | RAHMOUN (2014) [ 87 ] | 11 | 88 | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | ${3.28} \pm {2.00}$ |
| 18 | 顶骨 | RAHMOUN (2014) [ 87 ] | 11 | 88 | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | ${4.53} \pm {4.81}$ |
| 19 | 颞骨 | RAHMOUN (2014) [ 87 ] | 11 | 88 | 颅骨段 | ${60} \times {13}$ | ${5.99} \pm {2.22}$ |
| 20 | 额, 顶, 枕骨 | LEE (2019) [ 88 ] | 2 | 61~86 | 颅骨段 | ${40} \times {10}$ | ${2.22} \pm {1.01}$ |
| 21 | 肋骨(6/7) | GRANIK (1973) [ 89 ] | 15 | | 肋骨段 | | ${11.50} \pm {2.14}$ |
| 22 | 肋骨(7、8) | YOGANANDAN (1998) [ 78 ] | 30 | ${29} \sim {81}$ | 肋骨段 | 长度 150 | ${2.10} \pm {0.33}$ |
| 23 | 肋骨(1-12) | STITZEL (2003) [ 90 ] | 4 | 61~71 | 长方体 | ${29} \times 4 \times {0.75}$ | ${10.02} \pm {4.00}$ |
| 24 | 肋骨(4-7) | KEMPER (2007) [ 61 ] | 6 | ${42} \sim {81}$ | 肋骨段 | 长度 100 | ${20.04} \pm {2.84}$ |
| 25 | 胸骨 | TORIMITSU (2023) [ 91 ] | 120 | ${21} \sim {93}$ | 胸骨段 | ${30} \times 5$ | |
| 26 | 髂骨 | KUHN (1989) [ 92 ] | 2 | ${23} \sim {63}$ | 长方体 | 厚度 0.05~0.2 | ${4.89} \pm {1.99}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978783284584684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731061306102, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 骨 | 文献 | 样本量 | 年龄/岁 | 横截面 | 长×宽×厚(总长)/mm | 弹性模量/GPa |
| 1 | 股骨和胫骨 | BURSTEIN (1976) [ 50 ] | $N = {33}$ | ${29} \sim {89}$ | 方截面哑铃形 | $6 \times 2 \times 2\left( {15}\right)$ | ${3.36} \pm {2.29}$ |
| 2 | 股骨 | MARTENS (1980) [ 91 ] | $N = {65}$ | ${27} \sim {92}$ | 整骨 | | |
| 3 | 胫骨 | MARTENS (1980) [ 91 ] | $N = {65}$ | ${27} \sim {92}$ | 整骨 | | |
| 4 | 股骨 | NEIL (2003) [ 57 ] | 3 | 44~64 | 方截面哑铃形 | ${10} \times 3 \times 3\left( {20}\right)$ | ${4.74} \pm {0.65}$ |
| 5 | 股骨 | ZDERO (2011) [ 98 ] | $N = {25}$ | 58~91 | 整骨 |
| 6 | 股骨 | MIRZAALI (2016) [ 56 ] | 39 | 46~99 | 圆柱面哑铃形 | ${6.5} \times {\Phi 3}\left( {30}\right)$ | ${6.07} \pm {0.57}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978783351693552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731061306102, language=CN, label=表 6, caption=
人体骨骼扭转测试参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 骨 | 文献 | 样本量 | 年龄/岁 | 横截面 | 长×宽×厚(总长)/mm | 弹性模量/GPa |
| 1 | 股骨和胫骨 | BURSTEIN (1976) [ 50 ] | $N = {33}$ | ${29} \sim {89}$ | 方截面哑铃形 | $6 \times 2 \times 2\left( {15}\right)$ | ${3.36} \pm {2.29}$ |
| 2 | 股骨 | MARTENS (1980) [ 91 ] | $N = {65}$ | ${27} \sim {92}$ | 整骨 | | |
| 3 | 胫骨 | MARTENS (1980) [ 91 ] | $N = {65}$ | ${27} \sim {92}$ | 整骨 | | |
| 4 | 股骨 | NEIL (2003) [ 57 ] | 3 | 44~64 | 方截面哑铃形 | ${10} \times 3 \times 3\left( {20}\right)$ | ${4.74} \pm {0.65}$ |
| 5 | 股骨 | ZDERO (2011) [ 98 ] | $N = {25}$ | 58~91 | 整骨 |
| 6 | 股骨 | MIRZAALI (2016) [ 56 ] | 39 | 46~99 | 圆柱面哑铃形 | ${6.5} \times {\Phi 3}\left( {30}\right)$ | ${6.07} \pm {0.57}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978783406219507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731061306102, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 骨 | 文献 | 样本量 | 年龄/岁 | 横截面 | 长×宽×厚/mm | |
| 1 | 胫骨 | RHO (1996) [ 99 ] | 8 | 45~68 | 立方体 | ${10} \times {10} \times {10}$ | ${20.70} \pm {1.9}$ |
| 2 | 股骨 | HUNT (1998) [ 103 ] | 19 | ${55} \sim {98}$ | 长方体 | ${4.86} \times {4.67} \times {2.89}$ | ${32.52} \pm {0.87}$ |
| 3 | 胫骨 | HUNT (1998) [ 103 ] | 19 | ${55} \sim {98}$ | 长方体 | ${4.86} \times {4.67} \times {2.89}$ | ${34.07} \pm {4.31}$ |
| 4 | 胫骨 | HOFFMEISTER (2000) [ 105 ] | 8 | 45~68 | 立方体 | | 20.90 |
| 5 | 顶骨 | PETERSON (2002) [ 106 ] | $N = {10}$ | ${58} \sim {88}$ | 圆柱体 | ${\Phi 5}$ | ${14.60} \pm {2.90}$ |
| 6 | 顶骨 | PETERSON (2003) [ 100 ] | 15 | 27~100 | 圆柱体 | ${\Phi 4}$ | ${20.30} \pm {4.50}$ |
| 7 | 额骨 | PETERSON (2003) [ 100 ] | 15 | 27~100 | 圆柱体 | ${\Phi 4}$ | ${19.40} \pm {4.20}$ |
| 8 | 枕骨 | PETERSON (2003) [ 100 ] | 15 | 27~100 | 圆柱体 | ${\phi 4}$ | ${20.60} \pm {4.70}$ |
| 9 | 颞骨 | PETERSON (2003) [ 100 ] | 15 | 27~100 | 圆柱体 | ${\Phi 4}$ | ${23.40} \pm {5.10}$ |
| 10 | 股骨 | ESPINOZA (2009) [ 104 ] | 1 | 78 | 立方体 | $5 \times 5 \times 5$ | ${27.30} \pm {2.30}$ |
| 11 | 腓骨 | BERTEAU (2014) [ 81 ] | 3 | 66~96 | 长方体 | $\left( {{15} \sim {50}}\right) \times \left( {4 \sim {10}}\right) \times \left( {{0.5} \sim 3}\right)$ | ${17.00} \pm {2.00}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978783473328375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731061306102, language=CN, label=表 7, caption=
人体骨骼超声测试参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 骨 | 文献 | 样本量 | 年龄/岁 | 横截面 | 长×宽×厚/mm | |
| 1 | 胫骨 | RHO (1996) [ 99 ] | 8 | 45~68 | 立方体 | ${10} \times {10} \times {10}$ | ${20.70} \pm {1.9}$ |
| 2 | 股骨 | HUNT (1998) [ 103 ] | 19 | ${55} \sim {98}$ | 长方体 | ${4.86} \times {4.67} \times {2.89}$ | ${32.52} \pm {0.87}$ |
| 3 | 胫骨 | HUNT (1998) [ 103 ] | 19 | ${55} \sim {98}$ | 长方体 | ${4.86} \times {4.67} \times {2.89}$ | ${34.07} \pm {4.31}$ |
| 4 | 胫骨 | HOFFMEISTER (2000) [ 105 ] | 8 | 45~68 | 立方体 | | 20.90 |
| 5 | 顶骨 | PETERSON (2002) [ 106 ] | $N = {10}$ | ${58} \sim {88}$ | 圆柱体 | ${\Phi 5}$ | ${14.60} \pm {2.90}$ |
| 6 | 顶骨 | PETERSON (2003) [ 100 ] | 15 | 27~100 | 圆柱体 | ${\Phi 4}$ | ${20.30} \pm {4.50}$ |
| 7 | 额骨 | PETERSON (2003) [ 100 ] | 15 | 27~100 | 圆柱体 | ${\Phi 4}$ | ${19.40} \pm {4.20}$ |
| 8 | 枕骨 | PETERSON (2003) [ 100 ] | 15 | 27~100 | 圆柱体 | ${\phi 4}$ | ${20.60} \pm {4.70}$ |
| 9 | 颞骨 | PETERSON (2003) [ 100 ] | 15 | 27~100 | 圆柱体 | ${\Phi 4}$ | ${23.40} \pm {5.10}$ |
| 10 | 股骨 | ESPINOZA (2009) [ 104 ] | 1 | 78 | 立方体 | $5 \times 5 \times 5$ | ${27.30} \pm {2.30}$ |
| 11 | 腓骨 | BERTEAU (2014) [ 81 ] | 3 | 66~96 | 长方体 | $\left( {{15} \sim {50}}\right) \times \left( {4 \sim {10}}\right) \times \left( {{0.5} \sim 3}\right)$ | ${17.00} \pm {2.00}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978783527854330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731061306102, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 文献 | 年龄/岁 | 骨骼 | 弹性模量/GPa | 硬度/GPa |
| 1 | LIN (2010) [ 125 ] | <60 | 股骨 | 骨间质 | ${18.52} \pm {1.69}$ | ${0.61} \pm {0.07}$ |
| 骨单元 | ${16.71} \pm {1.69}$ | ${0.53} \pm {0.09}$ |
| 骨小梁 | ${15.88} \pm {1.72}$ | ${0.56} \pm {0.04}$ |
60 | 股骨 | 骨间质 | ${20.22} \pm {2.38}$ | ${0.64} \pm {0.07}$ |
| 骨单元 | ${17.21} \pm {2.29}$ | ${0.53} \pm {0.08}$ |
| 骨小梁 | ${15.97} \pm {2.17}$ | ${0.59} \pm {0.07}$ |
| 2 | RHO (1997) [ 126 ] | 57、61 | 胫骨皮质骨 | 骨间质 | ${25.80} \pm {0.70}$ | ${0.74} \pm {0.03}$ |
| 骨单元 | ${22.50} \pm {1.30}$ | ${0.61} \pm {0.04}$ |
| 3 | ZYSSET (1999) [ 127 ] | ${75} \pm {11}$ | 股骨中段 | 骨间质 | ${21.20} \pm {5.30}$ | |
| 骨单元 | ${19.10} \pm {5.40}$ | |
| 股骨颈 | 骨间质 | ${17.50} \pm {5.30}$ | |
| 骨单元 | ${15.80} \pm {5.30}$ | |
| 骨小梁 | ${11.40} \pm {5.60}$ | |
| 4 | HOFFLER (2005) [ 128 ] | 53~93 | 股骨皮质骨 | 骨间质 | ${20.30} \pm {5.10}$ | ${0.59} \pm {0.20}$ |
| 骨单元 | ${18.60} \pm {4.20}$ | ${0.52} \pm {0.15}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978783594963199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731061306102, language=CN, label=表 8, caption=
人体骨骼纳米压痕测试参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 文献 | 年龄/岁 | 骨骼 | 弹性模量/GPa | 硬度/GPa |
| 1 | LIN (2010) [ 125 ] | <60 | 股骨 | 骨间质 | ${18.52} \pm {1.69}$ | ${0.61} \pm {0.07}$ |
| 骨单元 | ${16.71} \pm {1.69}$ | ${0.53} \pm {0.09}$ |
| 骨小梁 | ${15.88} \pm {1.72}$ | ${0.56} \pm {0.04}$ |
60 | 股骨 | 骨间质 | ${20.22} \pm {2.38}$ | ${0.64} \pm {0.07}$ |
| 骨单元 | ${17.21} \pm {2.29}$ | ${0.53} \pm {0.08}$ |
| 骨小梁 | ${15.97} \pm {2.17}$ | ${0.59} \pm {0.07}$ |
| 2 | RHO (1997) [ 126 ] | 57、61 | 胫骨皮质骨 | 骨间质 | ${25.80} \pm {0.70}$ | ${0.74} \pm {0.03}$ |
| 骨单元 | ${22.50} \pm {1.30}$ | ${0.61} \pm {0.04}$ |
| 3 | ZYSSET (1999) [ 127 ] | ${75} \pm {11}$ | 股骨中段 | 骨间质 | ${21.20} \pm {5.30}$ | |
| 骨单元 | ${19.10} \pm {5.40}$ | |
| 股骨颈 | 骨间质 | ${17.50} \pm {5.30}$ | |
| 骨单元 | ${15.80} \pm {5.30}$ | |
| 骨小梁 | ${11.40} \pm {5.60}$ | |
| 4 | HOFFLER (2005) [ 128 ] | 53~93 | 股骨皮质骨 | 骨间质 | ${20.30} \pm {5.10}$ | ${0.59} \pm {0.20}$ |
| 骨单元 | ${18.60} \pm {4.20}$ | ${0.52} \pm {0.15}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978783662072066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731061306102, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 文献 | 设备型号 | 各向同性 分辨率/ μm | 功率/ W | 电压/ kV | 曝光时 间/ms | 试样描述 |
| 1 | COOPER [ 135 ] | SkyScan1072 | 5,10,15 | 10 | 100 | 5 900 | 股骨前干骨(直径 5 mm,长 8 mm) |
| 2 | KAZAKIA [ 131 ] | $\mu$ CT40 | 8 | 7.9 | 70 | 250 | 股骨头、椎体、胫骨近端(直径 8 mm,长 4 mm) |
| 3 | GAUTHIER ${}^{\lbrack {136}}$ | SR-μCT | 0.7 | | 31 | 300 | 桡骨W=2.02±0.09 mm(骨膜-内膜方向)、B=1.00±0.06 mm (与骨截面切线方向)、沿骨干长轴平行方向约12.5 mm |
| 4 | LOUNDAGIN [ 137 ] | | 0.9 | | 40 | 400 | 股骨和胫骨骨干中段 (直径 5 mm,长 35 mm) |
| 5 | CIROVIC [ 138 - 139 ] | SkyScan1172 | 10 | 9.9 | 80 | 1 200 | 股骨颈外侧 |
| 6 | IORI [ 140 ] | VivaCT80 | 39 | 7.9 | 70 | 200 | 左胫骨中段 |
| 7 | LEREBOURS [ 141 ] | SR-μCT | 11.8 | | 37 | 1500 | 股骨中段骨块(长约 16mm) |
| 8 | XIA Ning [ 142 ] | QuantumGX micro-CT | 4.5 | 7.9 | 90 | | 股骨颈区域皮质骨 |
| 9 | WÖLFEL [ 143 ] | $\mu$ CT40 | 10 | 7.9 | 55 | 200 | 胫骨中段(长 35mm,宽 2mm,厚 1mm) |
| 10 | BAKALOVA [ 144 ] | $\mu$ CT35 | 6 | 7.9 | 70 | 3 200 | 腓骨骨干,厚约12 mm |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978783724986628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731061306102, language=CN, label=表 9, caption=
人长骨皮质骨micro-CT测试参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 文献 | 设备型号 | 各向同性 分辨率/ μm | 功率/ W | 电压/ kV | 曝光时 间/ms | 试样描述 |
| 1 | COOPER [ 135 ] | SkyScan1072 | 5,10,15 | 10 | 100 | 5 900 | 股骨前干骨(直径 5 mm,长 8 mm) |
| 2 | KAZAKIA [ 131 ] | $\mu$ CT40 | 8 | 7.9 | 70 | 250 | 股骨头、椎体、胫骨近端(直径 8 mm,长 4 mm) |
| 3 | GAUTHIER ${}^{\lbrack {136}}$ | SR-μCT | 0.7 | | 31 | 300 | 桡骨W=2.02±0.09 mm(骨膜-内膜方向)、B=1.00±0.06 mm (与骨截面切线方向)、沿骨干长轴平行方向约12.5 mm |
| 4 | LOUNDAGIN [ 137 ] | | 0.9 | | 40 | 400 | 股骨和胫骨骨干中段 (直径 5 mm,长 35 mm) |
| 5 | CIROVIC [ 138 - 139 ] | SkyScan1172 | 10 | 9.9 | 80 | 1 200 | 股骨颈外侧 |
| 6 | IORI [ 140 ] | VivaCT80 | 39 | 7.9 | 70 | 200 | 左胫骨中段 |
| 7 | LEREBOURS [ 141 ] | SR-μCT | 11.8 | | 37 | 1500 | 股骨中段骨块(长约 16mm) |
| 8 | XIA Ning [ 142 ] | QuantumGX micro-CT | 4.5 | 7.9 | 90 | | 股骨颈区域皮质骨 |
| 9 | WÖLFEL [ 143 ] | $\mu$ CT40 | 10 | 7.9 | 55 | 200 | 胫骨中段(长 35mm,宽 2mm,厚 1mm) |
| 10 | BAKALOVA [ 144 ] | $\mu$ CT35 | 6 | 7.9 | 70 | 3 200 | 腓骨骨干,厚约12 mm |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978783783706889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731061306102, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 文献 | 适用范围 | 表达式 |
| 1 | CONG (2011) [ 148 ] | 股骨 | ${\rho }_{\text{ash }} = - {9.00} \times {10}^{-3} + {7.00} \times {10}^{-4}\mathrm{{HU}};E = {14664}{\rho }_{\text{ash }}^{1.49}$ |
| 2 | DRAGOMIR-DAESCU (2011) [ 154 ] | 股骨 | ${\rho }_{\text{ash }} = - {9.00} \times {10}^{-3} + {7.00} \times {10}^{-4}\mathrm{{HU}};E = {14664}{\rho }_{\text{ash }}^{1.49}$ |
| 3 | OP DEN BUIJS (2011) [ 149 ] | 股骨 | ${\rho }_{\text{ash }} = {7.00} \times {10}^{-4}\mathrm{{HU}};E = {29800}{\rho }_{\text{ash }}^{1.56}$ |
| 4 | RUESS (2015) [ 155 ] | 股骨 | ${\rho }_{\text{ash }} = {9.70} \times {10}^{-4}\mathrm{{HU}};E = {10200}{\rho }_{\text{ash }}^{2.01}$ |
| 5 | KHEIROLLAHI (2015) [ 156 ] | 股骨 | ${\rho }_{\mathrm{{ash}}} = {4.162} \times {10}^{-2} + {8.54} \times {10}^{-4}\mathrm{{HU}};E = {10500}{\rho }_{\mathrm{{ash}}}^{2.29}$ |
| 6 | CAMPOLI (2014) [ 157 ] | 胛骨 | ${\rho }_{\text{app }} = {3.90} \times {10}^{-4} + \mathrm{{HU}};E = {6850}{\rho }_{\text{app }}^{1.49}$ |
| 7 | WAGNER (2011) [ 129 ] | 湿骨 | ${\log }_{10}\left( {E}_{\mathrm{t}}\right) = - {8.58} + {4.05}{\log }_{10}\left( {{400}/\left( {1 + \left( {{0.504}/{\rho }_{\mathrm{{HA}}}}\right) }\right) }\right)$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978783863398666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731061306102, language=CN, label=表 10, caption=
基于micro-CT的人皮质骨材料参数预测模型, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 文献 | 适用范围 | 表达式 |
| 1 | CONG (2011) [ 148 ] | 股骨 | ${\rho }_{\text{ash }} = - {9.00} \times {10}^{-3} + {7.00} \times {10}^{-4}\mathrm{{HU}};E = {14664}{\rho }_{\text{ash }}^{1.49}$ |
| 2 | DRAGOMIR-DAESCU (2011) [ 154 ] | 股骨 | ${\rho }_{\text{ash }} = - {9.00} \times {10}^{-3} + {7.00} \times {10}^{-4}\mathrm{{HU}};E = {14664}{\rho }_{\text{ash }}^{1.49}$ |
| 3 | OP DEN BUIJS (2011) [ 149 ] | 股骨 | ${\rho }_{\text{ash }} = {7.00} \times {10}^{-4}\mathrm{{HU}};E = {29800}{\rho }_{\text{ash }}^{1.56}$ |
| 4 | RUESS (2015) [ 155 ] | 股骨 | ${\rho }_{\text{ash }} = {9.70} \times {10}^{-4}\mathrm{{HU}};E = {10200}{\rho }_{\text{ash }}^{2.01}$ |
| 5 | KHEIROLLAHI (2015) [ 156 ] | 股骨 | ${\rho }_{\mathrm{{ash}}} = {4.162} \times {10}^{-2} + {8.54} \times {10}^{-4}\mathrm{{HU}};E = {10500}{\rho }_{\mathrm{{ash}}}^{2.29}$ |
| 6 | CAMPOLI (2014) [ 157 ] | 胛骨 | ${\rho }_{\text{app }} = {3.90} \times {10}^{-4} + \mathrm{{HU}};E = {6850}{\rho }_{\text{app }}^{1.49}$ |
| 7 | WAGNER (2011) [ 129 ] | 湿骨 | ${\log }_{10}\left( {E}_{\mathrm{t}}\right) = - {8.58} + {4.05}{\log }_{10}\left( {{400}/\left( {1 + \left( {{0.504}/{\rho }_{\mathrm{{HA}}}}\right) }\right) }\right)$ |
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