Article(id=1319955543062590036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, issueId=1319955241370502145, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12086/oee.2026.250191, pmid=null, cstr=32245.14.oee.2026.250191, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751212800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-30, revisedDate=1758816000000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-26, acceptedDate=1759075200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-29, onlineDate=1792631525053, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1769270400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792631525053, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792631525053, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792631525053, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319955241370502145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, year='2026', volume='53', issue='1', pageStart='250064', pageEnd='1', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769270400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792631453125, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792631453125, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=250191, endPage=1, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319955543251333717, articleId=1319955543062590036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, language=EN, title=Near-infrared ultra-broadband multifunctional polarization conversion metasurface, columnId=1279511634116841602, journalTitle=Opto-Electronic Engineering, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective Polarization control in the near-infrared (NIR) regime serves as a fundamental technology for numerous advanced applications, including high-capacity optical communication, high-resolution biomedical imaging, molecular spectroscopy, and optical sensing. Traditional tools for polarization manipulation, such as wave plates, prisms, typically exhibit significant limitations in terms of size, bandwidth, functional versatility, and integration potential with modern photonic circuits. The advent of optical metasurfaces has revolutionized the mentioned limitations, enabling precise control over the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light within a ultra-thin planar film. However, a persistent challenge in this field is the realization of passive metasurfaces that can simultaneously provide multiple polarization transformation functions with high conversion efficiency and ultra-broad bandwidth. Most reported designs are restricted to a single operating mode or rely on external active tuning mechanisms, which substantially increase complexity of the system.
Methods To directly address the technological challenge, in this paper, we introduce a comprehensive design, rigorous numerical analysis, and an elucidation of the operating principle of a novel, fully passive reflective metasurface designed for ultra-broadband, high-efficiency multifunctional polarization conversion across multiple bands within NIR. The unit cell is meticulously constructed from three distinct layers: a top-layer nanostructured resonator made of silver, a middle dielectric spacer made of silica, and the bottom layer of silver film. The key innovation lies in the geometry of the top-layer resonator, which is an anisotropic notched rectangular ring — a design deliberately lacking fourfold rotational symmetry to break the symmetry for differently polarized incident light.
Finite element method (FEM) is employed for all simulations. Simulation boundaries employed periodic conditions in the x-y plane and perfectly matched layers in the propagation direction. Performance evaluation is conducted under normal incidence of x polarized plane wave. A comprehensive set of metrics is calculated to quantify the performances, including co-polarized reflection coefficient, cross-polarized reflection coefficient, polarization conversion ratio, reflectance of the converted circular polarization states, as well as derived polarization rotation angle and ellipticity angle. To reveal the underly fundamental physical principles, an anisotropic decomposition method is employed to analyze the amplitude and phase responses of the electromagnetic fields along the two principal axes of the resonator. Additionally, surface current distributions and electric field distributions are examined in detail at multiple wavelengths to visualize the excitation of electric dipole moments.
Results and Discussions Simulation results validate the exceptional multifunctional polarization conversion capabilities and broadband characteristics of the proposed metasurface structure. First, it operates as a highly efficient half-wave plate within the wavelength range from 1520 nm to 1720 nm. In this range, the cross-polarized reflectance consistently exceeds 0.8, reaching a peak of 0.939 at the wavelength of 1620 nm, while the undesired co-polarized reflection is suppressed to near zero (0.0009 at the same wavelength). The corresponding polarization conversion ratio remains above 0.9 within the wavelength range of 1570−1735 nm, reaching a near-ideal maximum of 0.999 at 1650 nm, while the polarization rotation angle is maintained at approximately 90° over a broad wavelength range from 1380 nm to 1880 nm, enabling orthogonal polarization conversion. Second, the metasurface seamlessly transitions to broadband quarter-wave plate in the two adjacent wavelength bands. In the lower wavelength band from 910 nm to 1520 nm, it predominantly converts x-polarized incident light into right-handed circularly polarized light, with a reflectance rxR greater than 0.8 and a peak efficiency of 0.965 at 1350 nm. In the higher wavelength band from 1720 nm to 2500 nm, the x-polarized incident light is converted to left-handed circularly polarized light, with a reflectance rxL > 0.8 with a peak reflectance of 0.958 at 1910 nm. The ellipticity angle η quantitatively determines the degree of circular polarization, confirming the polarization conversion by remaining around −45° in the band generating right-hand circular polarization (1080−1440 nm) and around +45° in the band generating left-hand circular polarization (1800−2500 nm). The physical origin of the behavior can be traced back through anisotropic decomposition analysis, which reveals that the critical phase difference between the u and v field components is approximately −3π in the wavelength band working as half-wave plate, satisfying the condition for a 180° phase shift. In the wavelength band working as quarter-wave plate, Δφ keeps unchanged at around −3.5π and −2.5π, respectively, meeting the requirements for orthogonal polarization conversion. Surface current analysis at representative wavelengths (1130 nm, 1620 nm and 2180 nm) indicates the excitation of strongly directional electric dipoles on both the top-layer resonator and the bottom substrate. These dipoles excite electromagnetic coupling, facilitating the phase modulation required for efficient and broadband conversion.
Conclusions In conclusion, in this work, we successfully demonstrate the design and theoretical validation of a passive reflective type metasurface that integrates high-efficiency half-wave plate and quarter-wave plate functionalities within a single, ultra-thin device in the near-infrared. By exploiting the geometric anisotropy, the proposed design overcomes the traditional trade-offs between bandwidth, efficiency, and functional versatility. Through detailed numerical investigations, together with analyses of polarization ellipse parameters and current distribution, a thorough understanding of the underlying conversion mechanisms is provided. It holds immense promise for revolutionizing compact photonic systems, with potential applications including polarization-encoded optical communications, polarization-sensitive endoscopic imaging, miniaturized spectroscopic sensors, quantum optical devices, and next-generation lidar systems, offering a new design approach for multifunctional polarization control.
, authors=Qingguo Du
1, Dong Cai
1, Quanbo Li
1, Qin Fu
1, Zhengying Li
1, 2, authorsList=Qingguo Du, Dong Cai, Quanbo Li, Qin Fu, Zhengying Li, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qingguo Du, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Opto-Electronic Engineering. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319955554991190666, articleId=1319955543062590036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, language=CN, title=近红外超宽带多功能偏振转换超表面, columnId=1319955120360636489, journalTitle=光电工程, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
本文提出了一种工作于近红外波段的无源反射型多功能偏振转换超表面,其结构单元由顶层带缺口长方体圆环金属结构、中间低折射率的二氧化硅介质层和底层金属反射板组成。采用有限元方法分析了优化结构参数下的x偏振光入射的反射谱,在1520~1720 nm波段,正交偏振转换反射率超过0.8,在910~1520 nm和1720~2500 nm波段,线偏振到右/左旋圆偏振反射率均超过0.8。进一步通过偏振转换率、偏振旋转角和椭偏角分析评估了其偏振转换性能。实验结果表明,该超表面具备超宽带正交偏振转换和线圆偏振转换功能,在近红外通信、传感及光谱分析等领域中具有应用潜力。
, authors=杜庆国
1, *, *, 蔡栋
1, 李泉波
1, 付琴
1, 李政颖
1, 2, authorsList=杜庆国, 蔡栋, 李泉波, 付琴, 李政颖, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杜庆国, authorNote=
作者贡献
杜庆国:研究资料收集、分析,论文的写作、修改;蔡栋、李泉波:论文的写作、修改,研究资料分析,图文整理;付琴:文献检索及图文整理,论文修改;李政颖:指导论文选题,论文修改。
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1武汉理工大学信息与工程学院,湖北 武汉 430070, bio={"img":"d0ojhIwvd4892jWZ2uA8aQ==","content":"
蔡栋(2002-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为超表面偏振控制。E-mail:caidong@whut.edu.cncaidong@whut.edu.cn
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1武汉理工大学信息与工程学院,湖北 武汉 430070, bio={"img":"ezsvQ2cJoIYyETc1ANgVyg==","content":"
李泉波(2000-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为超表面偏振转换。E-mail:liquanbo@whut.edu.cnliquanbo@whut.edu.cn
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1School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319955556295619236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955543062590036, authorId=1319955556157207201, language=CN, stringName=付琴, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1武汉理工大学信息与工程学院,湖北 武汉 430070, bio={"img":"xR3K+L4hg/WojngAjyEoQA==","content":"
付琴(1977-),女,博士,副教授,研究方向为微纳光学传感。E-mail:fuqin@whut.edu.cnfuqin@whut.edu.cn
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1, 2, address=
1School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
2National Engineering Research Center of Optical Fiber Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319955556614386346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955543062590036, authorId=1319955556429836966, language=CN, stringName=李政颖, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=
1武汉理工大学信息与工程学院,湖北 武汉 430070
2武汉理工大学光纤传感技术与网络国家工程研究中心,湖北 武汉 430070, bio={"img":"cvWlUUbpyoyXb6br6x2zUw==","content":"
李政颖(1981-),男,博士,教授,研究方向为智能感知技术、智能信息处理技术。E-mail:zhyli@whut.edu.cnzhyli@whut.edu.cn
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李政颖(1981-),男,博士,教授,研究方向为智能感知技术、智能信息处理技术。E-mail:zhyli@whut.edu.cnzhyli@whut.edu.cn
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334(6054): 333−337., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319955555217683083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955543062590036, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319955555226071692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955543062590036, companyId=1319955555217683083, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1武汉理工大学信息与工程学院,湖北 武汉 430070)]), AuthorCompany(id=1319955555297374862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955543062590036, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319955555309957775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955543062590036, companyId=1319955555297374862, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2National Engineering Research Center of Optical Fiber Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319955555318346384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955543062590036, companyId=1319955555297374862, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2武汉理工大学光纤传感技术与网络国家工程研究中心,湖北 武汉 430070)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1319955557340000947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955543062590036, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Schematics of the metasurface structure. (a) Three-dimensional metasurface array with 16 unit cells; (b) Three-dimensional unit cell; (c) Top view of the unit cell; (d) Side view of the unit cell, figureFileSmall=AaHHKKWeaNuqUWxaK0ckZw==, figureFileBig=UsYEuBrJxOII/gZFG6S6Ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955557461635764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955543062590036, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
超表面结构示意图。(a)三维16周期超表面阵列;(b)三维单元结构;(c)二维单元结构俯视图;(d)二维单元结构侧视图, figureFileSmall=AaHHKKWeaNuqUWxaK0ckZw==, figureFileBig=UsYEuBrJxOII/gZFG6S6Ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955557679739573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955543062590036, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Reflectivity of x-polarized light. (a) Co-polarized and cross-polarized; (b) Linear-to-left-handed circular polarization and linear-to-right-handed circular polarization, figureFileSmall=JepY6rSZHrsJRY8XEGfYNA==, figureFileBig=SqnSRzbu6v5XfHmQ5ojUGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955557742654134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955543062590036, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
x线偏振光入射的反射率。(a) 同偏振和交叉偏振;(b) 线-左旋圆偏振和线-右旋圆偏振, figureFileSmall=JepY6rSZHrsJRY8XEGfYNA==, figureFileBig=SqnSRzbu6v5XfHmQ5ojUGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955557826540215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955543062590036, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
The polarization conversion ratio of incident x-polarized light, figureFileSmall=e6ZSlW+QQ47EdjZKXQvREQ==, figureFileBig=IatjAstCuGm2p2VuEo0cUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955557881066168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955543062590036, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
x线偏振光入射的偏振转换率, figureFileSmall=e6ZSlW+QQ47EdjZKXQvREQ==, figureFileBig=IatjAstCuGm2p2VuEo0cUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955557956563641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955543062590036, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
The polarization rotation angle θ and the ellipticity angle η of incident x-polarized light, figureFileSmall=YWK+ISGBumRsmBapqpzfSg==, figureFileBig=EcObKY8ZhmaBpmsO6T1olw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955558032061114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955543062590036, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
x偏振光入射的偏振旋转角θ和椭偏度角η, figureFileSmall=YWK+ISGBumRsmBapqpzfSg==, figureFileBig=EcObKY8ZhmaBpmsO6T1olw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955558115947195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955543062590036, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
The dual principal axes of the metasurface, figureFileSmall=UYOuLk9x2fj19icWi8Acqg==, figureFileBig=ahXKYMmj674u6gt7uoa2+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955558174667452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955543062590036, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
超表面的双主轴, figureFileSmall=UYOuLk9x2fj19icWi8Acqg==, figureFileBig=ahXKYMmj674u6gt7uoa2+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955558241776317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955543062590036, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
The incident linearly polarized light is decomposed along the u-axis and v-axis. (a) Amplitude abrupt change; (b) Phase abrupt change and phase difference, figureFileSmall=io6whhlXRhyBlpfBCyPs/A==, figureFileBig=NQsOnRRu6vbloblJzy5huQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955558325662398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955543062590036, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
入射线偏振光沿u轴和v轴分解。(a)幅值突变;(b)相位突变及相位差, figureFileSmall=io6whhlXRhyBlpfBCyPs/A==, figureFileBig=NQsOnRRu6vbloblJzy5huQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955558392771263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955543062590036, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Electric field and current distributions on the top and bottom xy-planes of the metasurface dielectric layer at different wavelengths. (a, b) 1130 nm; (c, d) 1620 nm; (e, f) 2180 nm, figureFileSmall=FjbhxFjp/1VopoY3AJAEFw==, figureFileBig=/cRIgjlEYgZotobZ2GyZeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955558464074432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955543062590036, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
在不同波长处,超表面介质层顶部和底部xy截面的电场和电流分布。(a, b) 1130 nm;(c, d) 1620 nm;(e, f) 2180 nm, figureFileSmall=FjbhxFjp/1VopoY3AJAEFw==, figureFileBig=/cRIgjlEYgZotobZ2GyZeQ==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1278641367198941188, delFlag=0, nameCn=光电工程, nameEn=Opto-Electronic Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1003-501X, eissn=2097-4019, cn=51-1346/O4, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=4Vimkd+qXLWNxtdpr9mFNw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Opto-Electronic Engineering, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1782781457950, updatedTime=1784021784694, 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