Article(id=1319954921823253504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, issueId=1319954807939515170, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12086/oee.2026.260081, pmid=null, cstr=32245.14.oee.2026.260081, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1774886400000, receivedDateStr=2026-03-31, revisedDate=1781107200000, revisedDateStr=2026-06-11, acceptedDate=1781107200000, acceptedDateStr=2026-06-11, onlineDate=1792631376939, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1784908800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792631376939, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792631376939, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792631376939, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319954807939515170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, year='2026', volume='53', issue='7', pageStart='250354', pageEnd='1', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784908800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792631349786, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792720386185, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320328253928222956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, issueId=1319954807939515170, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320328253928222957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, issueId=1319954807939515170, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=260081, endPage=1, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319954922062327808, articleId=1319954921823253504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, language=EN, title=Augmented reality near-eye display technology based on metasurface diffractive waveguides, columnId=1279512304261776153, journalTitle=Opto-Electronic Engineering, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Significance Diffractive waveguide serves as a core optical scheme and mainstream solution for consumer augmented reality (AR) near-eye displays, featuring thin structure, expandable exit pupil and high ambient transmittance. Nowadays, lightweight, high-imaging-quality AR glasses have become a mainstream demand for wearable smart devices, and diffractive waveguide technology is widely adopted in commercial products due to its excellent optical performance and structural advantages. Traditional surface relief gratings have defects such as chromatic dispersion, narrow field of view (FOV), low coupling efficiency and uneven brightness. These defects cause severe color separation, luminance fluctuation and obvious rainbow artifacts, which hinder the development of compact single-layer full-color AR devices with high image quality. Subwavelength-structured metasurfaces achieve precise and flexible manipulation of light phase, polarization and amplitude, and provide effective approaches to address the inherent limitations of diffractive waveguides.
Progress Based on the grating equation, k-space analysis and geometry-determined theoretical efficiency limit, researchers summarized three typical achromatic strategies. These three technical routes have different working principles and applicable scenarios for full-color waveguide design. Layer-stacked metasurfaces realized independent red-green-blue (RGB) phase modulation by vertically arranging multiple functional layers, and achieved an average diffraction efficiency higher than 89.2% under mixed RGB illumination. Nevertheless, this scheme imposes ultra-high requirements on component alignment and fabrication. The high-order diffraction matching method assigned distinct diffraction orders to three primary wavelengths to unify the in-waveguide diffraction angles. This approach fundamentally eliminates chromatic dispersion and realizes single-layer achromatic coupling with a theoretical FOV over 45°. The geometric compensation strategy does not suppress intrinsic dispersion. By optimizing waveguide thickness, multicolor beams converge accurately at the out-coupler, offering a feasible technical route for compact full-color 3D display devices.
Multi-zone in-couplers and imaginary refractive index engineering effectively narrowed the practical efficiency gap between actual performance and theoretical limits. The minimum field efficiency was increased from 20% to 25.3%. Combined with inverse topological optimization, this method suppresses angle-dependent efficiency fluctuations and balances the output uniformity of RGB light. Silicon carbide (SiC) has excellent thermal conductivity and mechanical strength, which greatly raises the upper limit of full-color FOV and fundamentally suppresses rainbow artifacts. Polarization multiplexing divides the whole field of view into two orthogonal polarization channels, achieving a horizontal FOV exceeding 80° on a monolithic waveguide. Geometric-phase-based polarization multiplexing enables various advanced functions: spin-split metagratings realize low-crosstalk stereoscopic imaging without extra waveguide layers; hybrid polarization-volume holographic gratings adopt dual-focus design to alleviate vergence-accommodation conflict; polarization steering components combine segmented fields of view to double the total FOV without increasing waveguide thickness.
Conclusions and Prospects Comprehensive comparison shows that combining high-order diffraction with high-index SiC serves as the optimal scheme for compact single-layer, large-FOV full-color waveguides, which can effectively eliminate rainbow artifacts. Polarization multiplexing promotes system function expansion and optimizes user experience. At present, laboratory research results of metasurface waveguides are relatively abundant, but there is still a large gap between laboratory prototypes and mass-produced commercial products. Currently, all existing technical routes face three major industrialization bottlenecks: insufficient precision of large-area nanoimprint and deep-UV lithography lowers mass production yield; the overall efficiency of high-order gratings fails to satisfy the demands of practical display applications; the integration of tunable metasurfaces and waveguides remains in the early stage of development. Future research will focus on three key directions: inverse design optimization based on physics-driven neural networks, integrated fabrication of wide-bandgap SiC materials, and the development of multi-dimensional tunable metasurfaces for dynamic FOV and focal plane regulation. Metasurface diffractive waveguides have evolved from discrete component optimization to full light-field manipulation, and will support the development of next-generation spatial computing optical hardware.
, authors=Yueqi Li
1, 2, Zi-Lan Deng
3, authorsList=Yueqi Li, Zi-Lan Deng, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zi-Lan Deng, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Opto-Electronic Engineering. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319954927103881271, articleId=1319954921823253504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, language=CN, title=基于超表面的衍射光波导增强现实近眼显示技术, columnId=1279512308976173851, journalTitle=光电工程, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
衍射光波导是增强现实(augmented reality, AR)近眼显示的核心光学方案,但传统表面浮雕光栅在色散、视场角、耦合效率及亮度均匀性等方面存在固有缺陷。超表面凭借亚波长尺度结构灵活的光场调控能力,为有效解决上述问题提供了新途径。本文基于衍射光波导的核心物理机制,系统综述超表面在衍射光波导中的研究进展:在色散补偿方面,通过多层堆叠、高阶衍射级次匹配与系统级几何补偿三种技术路线,实现了波导内消色差耦合;在视场角扩展方面,借助高折射率材料及空间与偏振复用架构,有效突破了传统波导的视场限制;在效率与均匀性优化方面,通过多分区设计、折射率虚部调控与拓扑优化方法,使耦合效率逼近几何理论极限。在功能扩展方面,利用几何相位的偏振调控能力,实现了单波导立体显示、双焦面成像与偏振复用视场拼接等应用。最后,展望了超表面衍射光波导在智能逆向设计、宽禁带材料应用、动态光场调控及大面积低成本制造方面的发展前景。
, authors=李玥碕
1, 2, 邓子岚
3, *, *, authorsList=李玥碕, 邓子岚, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=邓子岚, authorNote=
作者贡献
李玥碕:研究资料的收集、分析,实验的设计与完成,论文写作;邓子岚:指导论文选题、论文修改。
, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《光电工程》编辑部 2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=H4NyXajI/MDO77XwZOJGEA==, magXml=1Y9BAvqbUKYFCbACnOCzAA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=IWgkbjdJxjPUa0xUJQFnnA==, pdfFileSize=16487433, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Q2IaJ4TK1s+f7/jO6fmt9Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=095WaPJrB4mze7lZ0/FGvw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1319954927640752194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=18131278931@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319954927741415493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, authorId=1319954927640752194, language=EN, stringName=Yueqi Li, firstName=Yueqi, middleName=null, lastName=Li, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=
1School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, China
2The Great Bay Area National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319954927825301574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, authorId=1319954927640752194, language=CN, stringName=李玥碕, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=
1华南理工大学生物医学科学与工程学院,广东 广州 511442
2广东粤港澳大湾区国家纳米科技创新研究院,广东 广州 510700, bio={"img":"BCgG03+MxvtZTOboCQIw6w==","content":"
李玥碕(1996-),女,博士研究生,研究方向为超表面微纳光学器件的设计与加工测试。E-mail:18131278931@163.com18131278931@163.com
"}, bioImg=BCgG03+MxvtZTOboCQIw6w==, bioContent=
李玥碕(1996-),女,博士研究生,研究方向为超表面微纳光学器件的设计与加工测试。E-mail:18131278931@163.com18131278931@163.com
, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319954927393288248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954927401676857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, companyId=1319954927393288248, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954927410065466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, companyId=1319954927393288248, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1华南理工大学生物医学科学与工程学院,广东 广州 511442)]), AuthorCompany(id=1319954927485562939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954927489757244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, companyId=1319954927485562939, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2The Great Bay Area National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954927498145853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, companyId=1319954927485562939, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2广东粤港澳大湾区国家纳米科技创新研究院,广东 广州 510700)])]), Author(id=1319954927909187656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zilandeng@jnu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319954927984685130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, authorId=1319954927909187656, language=EN, stringName=Zi-Lan Deng, firstName=Zi-Lan, middleName=null, lastName=Deng, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
3, address=
3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Optical Precision Fabrication Technologies and Applications, Institute of Photonics Technology, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319954928076959819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, authorId=1319954927909187656, language=CN, stringName=邓子岚, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
3, *, *, address=
3暨南大学物理与光电工程学院光子技术研究院,广东省微纳光学精密加工技术及应用重点实验室,广东 广州 510632, bio={"img":"/9gHDUdPg55wvqVq5hNlAA==","content":"
邓子岚(1986-),男,博士,教授,长期从事微纳光子学的研究,致力于多自由度超表面微纳结构的人工智能光子器件逆向设计、超表面全息显示,超表面偏振器件、超表面手性发光器件、超表面量子器件等研究。E-mail:zilandeng@jnu.edu.cnzilandeng@jnu.edu.cn
"}, bioImg=/9gHDUdPg55wvqVq5hNlAA==, bioContent=
邓子岚(1986-),男,博士,教授,长期从事微纳光子学的研究,致力于多自由度超表面微纳结构的人工智能光子器件逆向设计、超表面全息显示,超表面偏振器件、超表面手性发光器件、超表面量子器件等研究。E-mail:zilandeng@jnu.edu.cnzilandeng@jnu.edu.cn
, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319954927565254718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954927573643327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, companyId=1319954927565254718, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Optical Precision Fabrication Technologies and Applications, Institute of Photonics Technology, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954927582031936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, companyId=1319954927565254718, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3暨南大学物理与光电工程学院光子技术研究院,广东省微纳光学精密加工技术及应用重点实验室,广东 广州 510632)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1319954928173428812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=metasurface), Keyword(id=1319954928240537677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=diffractive waveguide), Keyword(id=1319954928307646542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=achromatic), Keyword(id=1319954928378949711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=wide field of view), Keyword(id=1319954928437669968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=超表面), Keyword(id=1319954928504778833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=衍射光波导), Keyword(id=1319954928567693394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=消色差), Keyword(id=1319954928647385171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=大视场角)], refs=[Reference(id=1319954930983612526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lee J, Kim S J. Meta-optics for optical engineering of next-generation AR/VR near-eye displays[J].
Micromachines, 2025,
16(9): 1026., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954931075887215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li F J, Feng Z W, Wan Z, et al. Meta-grating-lens–based monolithic polarization camera[J].
Sci Adv, 2025,
11(43): eadx9886., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954931151384688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Y L, Qu G Y, Jiang X, et al. Slanted TiO
2 metagratings for large-angle, high-efficiency anomalous refraction in the visible[J].
Laser Photonics Rev, 2023,
17(6): 2200712., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954931218493553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zheng Y W, Chu F, Lin F C, et al. Wide-viewing-angle color holographic 3D display system with high brightness encoding[J].
PhotoniX, 2025,
6(1): 3., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954931285602418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Y, Huang X J, Liu S X, et al. Metasurfaces for near-eye display applications[J].
Opto-Electron Sci, 2023,
2(8): 230025., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954931369488499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li T, Chen C, Xiao X J, et al. Revolutionary meta-imaging: from superlens to metalens[J].
Photonics Insights, 2023,
2(1): R01., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954931444985972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang S, Deng Z L, Wang Y J, et al. Arbitrary polarization conversion dichroism metasurfaces for all-in-one full Poincaré sphere polarizers[J].
Light: Sci Appl, 2021,
10(1): 24., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954931512094837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Overvig A C, Shrestha S, Malek S C, et al. Dielectric metasurfaces for complete and independent control of the optical amplitude and phase[J].
Light: Sci Appl, 2019,
8(1): 92., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954931595980918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Engelberg J, Levy U. The advantages of metalenses over diffractive lenses[J].
Nat Commun, 2020,
11(1): 1991., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954931671478391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Y J, Chen Q M, Yang W H, et al. High-efficiency broadband achromatic metalens for near-IR biological imaging window[J].
Nat Commun, 2021,
12(1): 5560., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954931738587256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Deng Z L, Hu M X, Qiu S F, et al. Poincaré sphere trajectory encoding metasurfaces based on generalized Malus’ law[J].
Nat Commun, 2024,
15(1): 2380., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954931826667641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu Y H, Zeng J H, Li F J, et al. Inverse-designed metasurface for structured light projection at large incident angles with enhanced efficiency and uniformity[J].
Chin Opt Lett, 2026,
24(4): 040501., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954931910553722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song Y Z, Yuan J Q, Chen Q M, et al. Three-dimensional varifocal meta-device for augmented reality display[J].
PhotoniX, 2025,
6(1): 6., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954931994439803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ding Y Q, Yang Q, Li Y N Q, et al. Waveguide-based augmented reality displays: perspectives and challenges[J].
eLight, 2023,
3(1): 24., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954932107686012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang S M, Wu P C, Su V C, et al. Broadband achromatic optical metasurface devices[J].
Nat Commun, 2017,
8(1): 187., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954932199960701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang S F, Zhou H Y, Liu B Y, et al. Recent advances and prospects of optical metasurfaces[J].
ACS Photonics, 2023,
10(7): 2045−2063., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954932275458174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ni X J, Emani N K, Kildishev A V, et al. Broadband light bending with plasmonic nanoantennas[J].
Science, 2012,
335(6067): 427., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954932367732863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu Y F, Zhu A Y, Paniagua-Domínguez R, et al. High-transmission dielectric metasurface with 2π phase control at visible wavelengths[J].
Laser Photonics Rev, 2015,
9(4): 412−418., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954932468396160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li X, Su Z X, Zhang Q, et al. Spin-controlled compact metalens based on the integration of Pancharatnam-Berry phase and Fresnel zone plate[J].
Phys Scr, 2025,
100(3): 035554., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954932548087937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sell D, Yang J J, Doshay S, et al. Large-angle, multifunctional metagratings based on freeform multimode geometries[J].
Nano Lett, 2017,
17(6): 3752−3757., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954932623585410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu N F, Genevet P, Kats M A, et al. Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction[J].
Science, 2011,
334(6054): 333−337., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954932694888579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Monticone F, Estakhri N M, Alù A. Full control of nanoscale optical transmission with a composite metascreen[J].
Phys Rev Lett, 2013,
110(20): 203903., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954932766191748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ding F, Wang Z X, He S L, et al. Broadband high-efficiency half-wave plate: a supercell-based plasmonic metasurface approach[J].
ACS Nano, 2015,
9(4): 4111−4119., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954932883632261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pfeiffer C, Zhang C, Ray V, et al. Polarization rotation with ultra-thin bianisotropic metasurfaces[J].
Optica, 2016,
3(4): 427−432., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954932975906950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cheng H, Liu Z C, Chen S Q, et al. Emergent functionality and controllability in few-layer metasurfaces[J].
Adv Mater, 2015,
27(36): 5410−5421., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954933043015815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Khorasaninejad M, Crozier K B. Silicon nanofin grating as a miniature chirality-distinguishing beam-splitter[J].
Nat Commun, 2014,
5(1): 5386., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954933131096200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Feng W, Zhang J, Wu Q, et al. RGB Achromatic Metalens Doublet for Digital Imaging[J].
Nano Lett, 2022,
22(10): 3969−3975., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954933198205065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Divitt S, Zhu W Q, Zhang C, et al. Ultrafast optical pulse shaping using dielectric metasurfaces[J].
Science, 2019,
364(6443): 890−894., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954933290479754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao B, Lin L, Lawrence M. Polarization-independent high-Q phase gradient metasurfaces[J].
Nano Lett, 2025,
25(5): 1862−1869., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954933374365835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Khorasaninejad M, Chen W T, Devlin R C, et al. Metalenses at visible wavelengths: diffraction-limited focusing and subwavelength resolution imaging[J].
Science, 2016,
352(6290): 1190−1194., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954933437280396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lin D M, Fan P Y, Hasman E, et al. Dielectric gradient metasurface optical elements[J].
Science, 2014,
345(6194): 298−302., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954933496000653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Luo W J, Xiao S Y, He Q, et al. Photonic spin hall effect with nearly 100% efficiency[J].
Adv Opt Mater, 2015,
3(8): 1102−1108., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954933571498126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lee G Y, Hong J Y, Hwang S, et al. Metasurface eyepiece for augmented reality[J].
Nat Commun, 2018,
9(1): 4562., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954933634412687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Q T, Dong F L, Wang B, et al. Polarization-independent and high-efficiency dielectric metasurfaces for visible light[J].
Opt Express, 2016,
24(15): 16309−16319., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954933705715856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Malek S C, Overvig A C, Alù A, et al. Multifunctional resonant wavefront-shaping meta-optics based on multilayer and multi-perturbation nonlocal metasurfaces[J].
Light: Sci Appl, 2022,
11(1): 246., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954933781213329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hsu C Y, Su H T, Kuo W T, et al. Two-dimensional topology optimized nonlocal metasurfaces for augmented reality[J].
Nano Lett, 2026,
26(12): 4080−4088., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954933860905106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xiong J H, Hsiang E L, He Z Q, et al. Augmented reality and virtual reality displays: emerging technologies and future perspectives[J].
Light: Sci Appl, 2021,
10(1): 216., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954933932208275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Levola T. Diffractive optics for virtual reality displays[J].
J Soc Inf Display, 2006,
14(5): 467−475., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954933995122836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨慧, 文成峰, 翁嘉承, 等. 用于增强现实显示的大角度均匀衍射超表面光栅的设计[J]. 光学学报, 2025,
45(11): 1105001., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954934087397525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang H, Wen C F, Weng J C, et al. Design of Large-Angle Uniform Diffraction Metasurface Gratings for Augmented Reality Display[J].
Acta Opt Sin, 2025,
45(11): 1105001., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954934171283606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Y, Fang F Z. Development of planar diffractive waveguides in optical see-through head-mounted displays[J].
Prec Eng, 2019,
60: 482−496., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954934230003863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Äyräs P, Saarikko P, Levola T. Exit pupil expander with a large field of view based on diffractive optics[J].
J Soc Inf Display, 2009,
17(8): 659−664., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954934292918424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Y D, Yang T, Lyu X, et al. Large depth-of-field, large eyebox, and wide field-of-view freeform-holographic augmented reality near-eye display[J].
Adv Sci, 2025,
12(37): e08773., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954934372610201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kress B C, Chatterjee I. Waveguide combiners for mixed reality headsets: a nanophotonics design perspective[J].
Nanophotonics, 2021,
10(1): 41−74., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954934443913370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=44, rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu J Y, Zhou S L, He T, et al. Broadband perfect Littrow diffraction metasurface under large-angle incidence[J].
Nanophotonics, 2025,
14(8): 1221−1229., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954934527799451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=45, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Levola T, Laakkonen P. Replicated slanted gratings with a high refractive index material for in and outcoupling of light[J].
Opt Express, 2007,
15(5): 2067−2074., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954934615879836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jiang Z Y, Zhang X Z, He W, et al. Optimized fabrication of subwavelength slanted gratings via laser interference lithography and faraday cage-assisted etching[J].
Microelectron Eng, 2025,
298: 112323., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954934687183005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li H B, Peng R W, Xie Y F, et al. Polarization-independent reflective slanted grating for RGB bands[J].
Opt Commun, 2025,
595: 132367., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954934779457694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=48, rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Han Y M, Chai C Z, Xiao R, et al. K-vector microscope: high-resolution testing technique for freeform holographic optical elements[J].
Opt Express, 2025,
33(17): 35798−35814., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954934867538079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=49, rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu Y J, Pan C, Lu C T, et al. Hybrid waveguide based augmented reality display system with extra large field of view and 2D exit pupil expansion[J].
Opt Express, 2023,
31(20): 32799−32812., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954934947229856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=50, rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Weng Y S, Zhang Y N, Wang W, et al. High-efficiency and compact two-dimensional exit pupil expansion design for diffractive waveguide based on polarization volume grating[J].
Opt Express, 2023,
31(4): 6601−6614., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954935039504545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=51, rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邬融, 孙明营, 周申蕾, 等. 衍射波导用于大视场角的物理问题[J]. 物理学报, 2020,
69(23): 234209., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954935148556450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=51, rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu R, Sun M Y, Zhou S L, et al. Physical problems of diffraction waveguide used in large field of view[J].
Acta Phys Sin, 2020,
69(23): 234209., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954935240831139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=52, rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Goodsell J, Nikolov D K, Nick Vamivakas A, et al. Framework for optimizing AR waveguide in-coupler architectures[J].
Opt Express, 2024,
32(6): 9967−9981., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954935366660260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=53, rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Goodsell J, Xiong P, Nikolov D K, et al. Metagrating meets the geometry-based efficiency limit for AR waveguide in-couplers[J].
Opt Express, 2023,
31(3): 4599−4614., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954935433769125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=54, rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi Z J, Khorasaninejad M, Huang Y W, et al. Single-layer metasurface with controllable multiwavelength functions[J].
Nano Lett, 2018,
18(4): 2420−2427., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954935530238118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=55, rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen C P, Cui Y P, Ye Y N, et al. Wide-field-of-view near-eye display with dual-channel waveguide[J].
Photonics, 2021,
8(12): 557., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954935618318503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=56, rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen W Q, Zhang D S, Long S Y, et al. Nearly dispersionless multicolor metasurface beam deflector for near eye display designed by a physics-driven deep neural network[J].
Appl Opt, 2021,
60(13): 3947−3953., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954935706398888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=57, rfOrder=58, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen C P, Wu X J, Wang J F, et al. Penta-channel waveguide-based near-eye display with two-dimensional pupil expansion[J].
Displays, 2025,
88: 102999., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954935786090665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=58, rfOrder=59, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Moon S, Kim S, Kim J, et al. Single-layer waveguide displays using achromatic metagratings for full-colour augmented reality[J].
Nat Nanotechnol, 2025,
20(6): 747−754., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954935857393834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=59, rfOrder=60, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lyu X, Yang T, Wang Y D, et al. 2D pupil expansion full-color volume holographic waveguide AR display[J].
Laser Photonics Rev, 2026,
20(8): e02085., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954935941279915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=60, rfOrder=61, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gu D Y, Liang C H, Sun L B, et al. Optical metasurfaces for waveguide couplers with uniform efficiencies at RGB wavelengths[J].
Opt Express, 2021,
29(18): 29149−29164., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954936008388780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=61, rfOrder=62, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xiao J S, Liu J, Han J, et al. Design of achromatic surface microstructure for near-eye display with diffractive waveguide[J].
Opt Commun, 2019,
452: 411−416., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954936079691949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=62, rfOrder=63, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tian Z T, Zhu X L, Surman P A, et al. An achromatic metasurface waveguide for augmented reality displays[J].
Light: Sci Appl, 2025,
14(1): 94., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954936142606510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=63, rfOrder=64, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gopakumar M, Lee G Y, Choi S, et al. Full-colour 3D holographic augmented-reality displays with metasurface waveguides[J].
Nature, 2024,
629(8013): 791−797., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954936213909679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=64, rfOrder=65, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen B Q, Li C, Li X X, et al. SiC diffractive waveguides for augmented reality: single-layer, full-color, rainbow-artifact-free display with vision correction[J].
eLight, 2025,
5(1): 21., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954936293601456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=65, rfOrder=66, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Peng C, Yao J, Tsai D P. Progress in metalenses: from single to array[J].
Opto-Electron Technol, 2025,
1(1): 250004., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954936398459057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=66, rfOrder=67, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Z Y, Lin P, Huang Y W, et al. Meta-optics achieves RGB-achromatic focusing for virtual reality[J].
Sci Adv, 2021,
7(5): eabe4458., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954936490733746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=67, rfOrder=68, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi Z J, Chen W T, Capasso F. Wide field-of-view waveguide displays enabled by polarization-dependent metagratings[J].
Proc SPIE, 2018,
10676: 1067615., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954936557842611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=68, rfOrder=69, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Boo H, Lee Y S, Yang H B, et al. Metasurface wavefront control for high-performance user-natural augmented reality waveguide glasses[J].
Sci Rep, 2022,
12(1): 5832., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954936629145780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=69, rfOrder=70, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Afra T, Salehi M R, Abiri E. Design of two compact waveguide display systems utilizing metasurface gratings as couplers[J].
Appl Opt, 2021,
60(28): 8756−8765., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954936708837557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=70, rfOrder=71, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao Z X, Lee Y H, Feng X Y, et al. Theoretical efficiency limit of diffractive input couplers in augmented reality waveguides[J].
Opt Express, 2024,
32(7): 12340−12357., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954936813695158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=71, rfOrder=72, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nelson C, Granados-Baez M, Nishant A, et al. Impact of secondary interactions on in-coupler designs for thin waveguide combiners[J].
Opt Express, 2025,
33(16): 33800−33815., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954936931135671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=72, rfOrder=73, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xiong P, Goodsell J, Nikolov D, et al. Design and experimental validation of a high-efficiency multi-zone metasurface waveguide in-coupler[J].
Opt Mater Express, 2025,
15(12): 3129., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954937069547704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=73, rfOrder=74, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ma Y Z Y, Ding Y Q, Zhang Y F, et al. Broadband and wide-angle surface relief gratings for single-waveguide full-color augmented reality displays[J].
Opt Express, 2025,
33(19): 41436−41447., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954937132462265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=74, rfOrder=75, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Duan R Q, Gu D Y, Liang C H, et al. Equalization of RGB coupling efficiencies of metasurface waveguide coupler by adjusting imaginary part of refractive index[J].
Opt Express, 2024,
32(10): 16670−16687., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954937212154042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=75, rfOrder=76, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang S, Wen S, Deng Z L, et al. Metasurface-based solid poincaré sphere polarizer[J].
Phys Rev Lett, 2023,
130(12): 123801., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954937283457211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=76, rfOrder=77, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Z Q, Li F J, Deng Q M, et al. Inverse-designed Jones matrix metasurfaces for high-performance meta-polarizers[J].
Chin Opt Lett, 2024,
22(2): 023601., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954937346371772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=77, rfOrder=78, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi T, Deng Z L, Geng G Z, et al. Planar chiral metasurfaces with maximal and tunable chiroptical response driven by bound states in the continuum[J].
Nat Commun, 2022,
13(1): 4111., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954937417674941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=78, rfOrder=79, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Z Y, Zhang C, Zhu W Q, et al. Compact stereo waveguide display based on a unidirectional polarization-multiplexed metagrating in-coupler[J].
ACS Photonics, 2021,
8(4): 1112−1119., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954937505755326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=79, rfOrder=80, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ding Y Q, Huang X J, Ma Y Z Y, et al. High-efficiency RGB achromatic liquid crystal diffractive optical elements[J].
Opto-Electron Adv, 2025,
8(3): 240181., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954937572864191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=80, rfOrder=81, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kang D, Heo H, Yang Y, et al. Liquid crystal-integrated metasurfaces for an active photonic platform[J].
Opto-Electron Adv, 2024,
7(6): 230216., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954937627390144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=81, rfOrder=82, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Moon S, Lee C K, Nam S W, et al. Augmented reality near-eye display using Pancharatnam-Berry phase lenses[J].
Sci Rep, 2019,
9(1): 6616., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954937702887617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=82, rfOrder=83, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shin K S, Choi M H, Jang J, et al. Waveguide-type see-through dual focus near-eye display with a polarization grating[J].
Opt Express, 2021,
29(24): 40294−40309., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954937774190786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=83, rfOrder=84, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yoo C, Bang K, Chae M, et al. Extended-viewing-angle waveguide near-eye display with a polarization-dependent steering combiner[J].
Opt Lett, 2020,
45(10): 2870−2873., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954937849688259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=84, rfOrder=85, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang S F, Gao L N, Zhao Y D, et al. Integrated metasurface-freeform system enabled multi-focal planes augmented reality display[J].
Opto-Electron Sci, 2026,
5(1): 250031., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319954927393288248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954927401676857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, companyId=1319954927393288248, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954927410065466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, companyId=1319954927393288248, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1华南理工大学生物医学科学与工程学院,广东 广州 511442)]), AuthorCompany(id=1319954927485562939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954927489757244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, companyId=1319954927485562939, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2The Great Bay Area National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954927498145853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, companyId=1319954927485562939, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2广东粤港澳大湾区国家纳米科技创新研究院,广东 广州 510700)]), AuthorCompany(id=1319954927565254718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954927573643327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, companyId=1319954927565254718, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Optical Precision Fabrication Technologies and Applications, Institute of Photonics Technology, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954927582031936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, companyId=1319954927565254718, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3暨南大学物理与光电工程学院光子技术研究院,广东省微纳光学精密加工技术及应用重点实验室,广东 广州 510632)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1319954928781602900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Classification of metasurface phase modulation[14,20-21,27,30]. (a) Resonant phase modulation; (b) Propagation phase modulation; (c) Geometric phase modulation; (d) Nonlocal phase modulation, figureFileSmall=valInEFVtEkmFW9qn5ikRA==, figureFileBig=Q2IaJ4TK1s+f7/jO6fmt9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954928848711765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
超表面相位分类[14,20-21,27,30]。(a)共振相位调控;(b) 传播相位调控;(c)几何相位调控;(d)非局域相位调控, figureFileSmall=valInEFVtEkmFW9qn5ikRA==, figureFileBig=Q2IaJ4TK1s+f7/jO6fmt9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954929062621270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Schematic diagram of a diffractive waveguide system[39], figureFileSmall=e9wEVsy5trevAsrrlu8TTA==, figureFileBig=819uPlVc/vSaJBSPtSOlXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954929146507351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
典型衍射光波导系统结构示意图[39], figureFileSmall=e9wEVsy5trevAsrrlu8TTA==, figureFileBig=819uPlVc/vSaJBSPtSOlXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954929230393432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Schematic diagram of 1D exit pupil expander diffractive waveguide[49]. (a) Schematic diagram of virtual image projection; (b) Schematic diagram of 1D exit pupil expander configuration; (c) Schematic diagram of k-domain, figureFileSmall=T4FJ593/qaM/jAMsvCfYDQ==, figureFileBig=69CWZY099bcWGoskiL+cvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954929301696601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
一维扩瞳衍射光波导结构示意图[49]。(a) 虚拟图像的投影示意图;(b) 一维扩瞳配置示意图;(c) k域示意图, figureFileSmall=T4FJ593/qaM/jAMsvCfYDQ==, figureFileBig=69CWZY099bcWGoskiL+cvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954929385582682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Schematic diagrams of two-dimensional exit pupil expansion diffractive waveguides[14,50]. (a) 1D surface relief gratings in three regions for in-coupling, steering, and out-coupling, respectively; (b) 2D surface relief grating enabling both steering and out-coupling. Right panels show corresponding k-space diagrams, figureFileSmall=q+bdW+lk89L+zej9GVKAUw==, figureFileBig=Njkwo4YgTNPaMFiQH6iLLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954929452691547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
二维扩瞳衍射光波导的两种常见方案[14,50]。(a) 一维表面浮雕光栅,三个区域分别实现耦入、转折、耦出;(b) 二维表面浮雕光栅,可同时实现转折和耦出,右侧为对应k空间图, figureFileSmall=q+bdW+lk89L+zej9GVKAUw==, figureFileBig=Njkwo4YgTNPaMFiQH6iLLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954929532383324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Schematic of achromatic metagrating coupling with single-layer, double-layer, and triple-layer configurations[58]. (a) Red, green, and blue light are diffracted by their respective gratings and coupled into the waveguide at the same angle; (b) Diffraction effects for the color pairs of green-blue and green-red; (c) Cooperative diffraction of red, green, and blue light by the composite metagrating, enabling full-color achromatic coupling, figureFileSmall=Db6QJr8pGmigv07KMq9TSA==, figureFileBig=Z73QaNp/UInEqLDdrsHCUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954929595297885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
单层、双层与三层消色差超光栅耦合原理示意图[58]。(a) RGB 三色光分别经各自设计的光栅衍射,均以相同角度耦合入波导;(b) 红绿、绿蓝双色组合的衍射效果示意;(c) 三色光在超表面中的协同衍射,实现单层全彩消色差耦合, figureFileSmall=Db6QJr8pGmigv07KMq9TSA==, figureFileBig=Z73QaNp/UInEqLDdrsHCUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954929666601054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Schematic diagrams of achromatic metasurface structures for diffractive waveguide-based displays. (a) Waveguide display system based on multilayer stacked metagrating[56]; (b) Schematic diagram of a single-layer achromatic structure realized by metagrating[60]; (c) Single-layer achromatic waveguide with triple composite sub-gratings[61]; (d) Schematic diagram of the achromatic structure with multi-field coupling regulation and stray light suppression design[61], figureFileSmall=4Eon+n7PsoM0CnMIyfy98Q==, figureFileBig=4OeMN8bETI8u4HwF0EfN0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954929733709919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
用于衍射光波导显示的消色差超表面结构示意图。(a) 基于多层堆叠超光栅的波导显示系统[56];(b) 基于超构光栅单层消色差结构示意图[60];(c) 单层三重复合表面微结构消色差波导[61];(d) 具备多光场耦合调控与杂散光抑制设计的消色差结构示意图[61], figureFileSmall=4Eon+n7PsoM0CnMIyfy98Q==, figureFileBig=4OeMN8bETI8u4HwF0EfN0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954929800818784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Achromatic metasurface waveguide full-color AR display system based on high-order diffraction matching[62]. (a) Schematic diagram of the system structure, RGB light from the projector is incident on the input metasurface coupler, coupled into a high-index waveguide, propagates via total internal reflection, and then coupled out to the human eye by the output metasurface coupler; (b) Schematic diagram of the high-order diffraction matching principle, different diffraction orders are used to eliminate chromatic dispersion; (c) Schematic diagram of the experimental setup; (d) Absolute efficiency as a function of wavelength and field of view, figureFileSmall=F6HSGn/JqVgKNgyX/SQTEA==, figureFileBig=O+LEC9dJwVX7tvReVrcVNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954929905676385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
基于高阶衍射匹配的消色差超表面波导全彩AR显示系统[62]。(a) 系统结构示意图,投影仪发出的RGB光入射至输入超表面耦合器,耦合进入高折射率波导,经全内反射传播后,由输出超表面耦合器耦出至人眼;(b) 高阶衍射级次匹配原理示意图,采用不同的衍射级次消除色散;(c) 实验装置示意图;(d) 绝对效率随波长和视场角的变化曲线, figureFileSmall=F6HSGn/JqVgKNgyX/SQTEA==, figureFileBig=O+LEC9dJwVX7tvReVrcVNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954929985368162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Schematic diagram of a single-layer achromatic structure realized by metagrating[58]. (a) Schematic of the product matching between diffraction order and wavelength; (b) Structure diagram of the input coupling end, featuring a periodic array of Si3N4 nanopillars; (c) Configuration diagram of the single-layer full-color achromatic system, figureFileSmall=4kwXkqmxv3OjLqZ56zRvUg==, figureFileBig=2eQ+1G6otawezHq4mrholQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954930052477027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
超构光栅实现单层消色差结构示意图[58]。(a) 衍射级次与波长的乘积匹配示意图;(b) 输入耦合端的结构图,采用Si3N4纳米柱周期性排列;(c) 单层全彩消色差系统配置示意图, figureFileSmall=4kwXkqmxv3OjLqZ56zRvUg==, figureFileBig=2eQ+1G6otawezHq4mrholQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954930115391588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Schematic diagram of achromatic realization based on system geometric compensation design[63]. (a) Schematic of the monolithic full-color waveguide geometry, showing the propagation paths of red, green, and blue light inside the waveguide; (b) Geometry of the inverse-designed metasurface coupler; (c) Electric field distribution and Poynting vector maps near the metasurface out-coupler for red, green, and blue wavelengths, respectively, figureFileSmall=56iztz5/XDi5kWqPg1EEPg==, figureFileBig=rYUz6uWdvCEeCUa2+3M/bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954930182500453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
基于系统几何补偿设计实现消色差示意图[63]。(a) 单片全彩波导几何结构示意图,显示了RGB三色光在波导内的传播路径;(b) 设计超表面耦合器的几何结构图;(c) 输出耦合超表面结构的电场分布与坡印廷矢量图,分别对应红、绿、蓝三色波长, figureFileSmall=56iztz5/XDi5kWqPg1EEPg==, figureFileBig=rYUz6uWdvCEeCUa2+3M/bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954930257997926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Schematic of the proposed SiC-based AR display waveguide[64]. (a) Cross-section structure: Fresnel lens for beam pre-collimation, anti-reflective coating, 4H-SiC waveguide layer, hard coating, and top anti-reflective coating; (b) Top view layout: the in-coupler injects light into the waveguide, six exit pupil expanders sequentially replicate the pupil, and two out-couplers couple the light out to the eye; (c) Comparison of imaging performance for waveguides with different substrates, three typical grating configurations illustrate flexible light-field manipulation; (d) Photograph of the fabricated SiC waveguide sample, figureFileSmall=gZRfyJ9YRXLZA8OJpSVIRg==, figureFileBig=mMaQMfL89hwQ6PTa407nhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954930354466919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
基于 SiC 波导的增强现实近眼显示系统示意图[64]。(a) 截面结构:菲涅耳透镜可实现光束预准直,从上至下依次排布抗反射涂层、4H-SiC 波导、硬涂层与顶层抗反射膜;(b) 波导表面耦合器布局俯视图:输入耦合器将光线耦入,六组出瞳扩展器复制出瞳,最终两个输出耦合器将光耦出至人眼;(c) 不同基材波导的成像效果对比示意图,三种典型光栅(透射式闪耀光栅、宽周期光栅及透射式相位光栅)的构型用于体现光场调控自由度;(d) SiC 波导的实物样品, figureFileSmall=gZRfyJ9YRXLZA8OJpSVIRg==, figureFileBig=mMaQMfL89hwQ6PTa407nhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954930446741608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Schematic diagram of a metasurface waveguide design scheme for a large field of view. (a) Schematic diagram of a near-eye display system based on geometric-phase silicon metalens[33], which separates virtual and real images via polarization splitting; (b) Schematic diagram of a waveguide system for field-of-view enhancement based on a polarization-sensitive slanted metagrating[67]; (c) Schematic diagram of single-layer metasurface waveguide adopting Littrow oblique in-coupling principle[68]; (d) Schematic diagram of a large field-of-view design based on waveguide shape optimization[69], figureFileSmall=Kz7TG71VGUoAd5rPwerp+w==, figureFileBig=K7yhVb5vyrpkLF/wr/cbSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954930530627689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
超表面波导大视场角设计方案示意图。(a) 基于几何相位的硅超透镜的近眼显示系统示意图[33],依靠偏振分光实现虚实画面分离;(b) 基于偏振敏感的倾斜超构光栅增强视场角的示意图[67];(c) 基于 Littrow 斜入射耦合原理的单层超表面波导架构示意图[68];(d) 基于楔形输出端面波导形状优化的大视场衍射光波导示意图[69], figureFileSmall=Kz7TG71VGUoAd5rPwerp+w==, figureFileBig=K7yhVb5vyrpkLF/wr/cbSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954930593542250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
Schematic diagram of efficiency and uniformity enhancement in diffractive waveguides using metasurface structures. (a) Schematic diagram of the three-region metasurface in-coupler[72]; (b) Schematic diagram of a high-efficiency full-color waveguide realized by a multi-coating trapezoidal grating structure[73]; (c) Comparison results of average diffraction efficiency and uniformity for trapezoidal grating structures[73]; (d) Schematic diagram of the double-nanobeam metasurface grating structure[74]; (e) Simulation and experimental verification results of the imaginary part of refractive index engineering scheme[74], figureFileSmall=Keuwv7F0SCt0p6nIuA3rBA==, figureFileBig=+8Cm+8jQqBFZ1Fd9TX1o0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954930660651115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
超表面结构优化衍射光波导效率与均匀性示意图。(a) 三分区超表面输入耦合器的结构示意图[72];(b) 多涂层梯形光栅结构实现高效率全彩波导示意图[73];(c) 多层梯形光栅结构平均衍射效率及均匀性对比结果图[73];(d) 双纳米梁超表面光栅结构示意图[74];(e) 折射率虚部调控方案的仿真与实验验证结果图[74], figureFileSmall=Keuwv7F0SCt0p6nIuA3rBA==, figureFileBig=+8Cm+8jQqBFZ1Fd9TX1o0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954930778091628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=
Typical applications of polarization-multiplexing technique in diffractive waveguide AR displays. (a) Schematic diagram of a stereoscopic waveguide display system based on a polarization-multiplexed metasurface grating [78]; (b) Near-eye display system based on a geometric phase lens[81]; (c) Schematic diagram of a polarization-dependent metasurface grating out-coupler[67]; (d) Schematic diagram of a binocular waveguide display system based on polarization-sensitive cross-shaped metasurface gratings[69]; (e) Schematic diagram of a dual-focal-plane waveguide near-eye display system based on polarization gratings[82]; (f) Schematic diagram of the field-of-view expansion scheme based on a polarization-steering combiner[83], figureFileSmall=NsfmajuVUtbc34PmKDepEA==, figureFileBig=GsFt/NpUp4IldomuaJFvkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954930857783405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954921823253504, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
偏振复用技术在衍射光波导显示中的典型应用。(a) 基于偏振复用超光栅的立体波导显示系统示意图[78];(b) 基于几何相位透镜的近眼显示系统示意图[81];(c) 基于偏振相关超构光栅输出耦合器示意图[67];(d)基于偏振敏感十字形超表面光栅的双目波导显示系统示意图[69];(e) 基于偏振光栅的双焦面波导近眼显示系统示意图[82];(f) 基于偏振转向合束器的视场角扩展方案示意图[83], figureFileSmall=NsfmajuVUtbc34PmKDepEA==, figureFileBig=GsFt/NpUp4IldomuaJFvkg==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1278641367198941188, delFlag=0, nameCn=光电工程, nameEn=Opto-Electronic Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1003-501X, eissn=2097-4019, cn=51-1346/O4, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=4Vimkd+qXLWNxtdpr9mFNw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Opto-Electronic Engineering, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1782781457950, updatedTime=1784021784694, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=G, firstLetterEn=G, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=4Vimkd+qXLWNxtdpr9mFNw==, picEn=vAq9s20WLs1ODDfbWq+Gjg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1283843675721536154, language=CN, name=光电工程, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784021784954, updatedTime=1784021784954, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/gdgc, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/gdgc, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/gdgc, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1283843675771867803, language=EN, name=Opto-Electronic Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784021784966, updatedTime=1784021784966, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/gdgc, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/gdgc, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/gdgc, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1278651732997652489, websiteList=[Website(id=1278723867418018151, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1278651732997652489, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/oee/CN, language=CN, createTime=1782801127533, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1782804494442, updateBy=18614031015, name=光电工程-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=光电工程, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1278738091150128034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867418018151, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1782804518735, updateTime=1782804518735, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738091120767903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867418018151, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1782804518728, updateTime=1782804518728, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738091171099557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867418018151, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1782804518740, updateTime=1782804518740, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738091108184990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867418018151, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/oee/CN/file/pic?fileId=A1C6uwqtMazluiWkEpR0Mg==, createTime=1782804518725, updateTime=1782804518725, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738091179488167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867418018151, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1782804518742, updateTime=1782804518742, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738091141739425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867418018151, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/oee/CN/file/pic, createTime=1782804518733, updateTime=1782804518733, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738091175293862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867418018151, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1782804518741, updateTime=1782804518741, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738091129156512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867418018151, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1782804518730, updateTime=1782804518730, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738091154322339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867418018151, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1782804518736, updateTime=1782804518736, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738091162710948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867418018151, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1782804518738, updateTime=1782804518738, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1278723867522875769, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1278651732997652489, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/oee/EN, language=EN, createTime=1782801127558, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1782804490442, updateBy=18614031015, name=光电工程-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Opto-Electronic Engineering, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1278738063660659607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867522875769, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1782804512181, updateTime=1782804512181, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738063635493780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867522875769, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1782804512175, updateTime=1782804512175, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738063924900762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867522875769, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1782804512244, updateTime=1782804512244, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738063606133651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867522875769, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/oee/EN/file/pic?fileId=A1C6uwqtMazluiWkEpR0Mg==, createTime=1782804512168, updateTime=1782804512168, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738063937483676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867522875769, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1782804512247, updateTime=1782804512247, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738063652270998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867522875769, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/oee/EN/file/pic, createTime=1782804512179, updateTime=1782804512179, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738063933289371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867522875769, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1782804512246, updateTime=1782804512246, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738063639688085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867522875769, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1782804512176, updateTime=1782804512176, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738063664853912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867522875769, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1782804512182, updateTime=1782804512182, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738063916512153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867522875769, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1782804512242, updateTime=1782804512242, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=光电工程, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.oejournal.org/oee, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Opto-Electronic Engineering, journalPhotoCn=4Vimkd+qXLWNxtdpr9mFNw==, journalPhotoEn=vAq9s20WLs1ODDfbWq+Gjg==, journalFirstLetter=G, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/oee/CN/10.12086/oee.2026.260081, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/oee/EN/10.12086/oee.2026.260081, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/oee/CN/PDF/10.12086/oee.2026.260081, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/oee/EN/PDF/10.12086/oee.2026.260081, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1784908800000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)