Article(id=1319954825844999069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, issueId=1319954807939515170, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12086/oee.2026.260038, pmid=null, cstr=32245.14.oee.2026.260038, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1770048000000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-03, revisedDate=1776614400000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-20, acceptedDate=1776960000000, acceptedDateStr=2026-04-24, onlineDate=1792631354055, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1784908800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792631354055, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792631354055, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792631354055, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319954807939515170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, year='2026', volume='53', issue='7', pageStart='250354', pageEnd='1', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784908800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792631349786, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792720386185, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320328253928222956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, issueId=1319954807939515170, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320328253928222957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, issueId=1319954807939515170, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=260038, endPage=1, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319954826163766174, articleId=1319954825844999069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, language=EN, title=Polarization manipulation based on non-Hermitian metasurfaces, columnId=1279512304261776153, journalTitle=Opto-Electronic Engineering, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Significance

In the rapidly developing field of modern photonics, the precise and reliable control of the light polarization state stands as a crucial and indispensable foundation that strongly supports a wide range of core technological applications, including high-speed optical communication, advanced quantum information processing, and high-resolution optical imaging systems. Conventional Hermitian optical systems typically manipulate the polarization of light through passive geometric structural design, relying on fixed physical configurations rather than active tuning mechanisms. Their inherent confinement by the fundamental law of energy conservation gives rise to notable and unavoidable drawbacks in terms of dynamic response performance, operational flexibility, and adaptability to complex working environments. Non-Hermitian physics, as an innovative and revolutionary theoretical framework, breaks through the inherent shackles of this traditional Hermitian system by introducing gain and loss as active and controllable tuning degrees of freedom into optical systems, thereby opening up new possibilities for optical manipulation.

Progress

As a promising interdisciplinary product integrating non-Hermitian physics and nanophotonics, non-Hermitian metasurfaces have rapidly emerged as a prominent and highly focused research direction in the photonics community in recent years. The theoretical foundation of non-Hermitian polarization metasurfaces is mainly established on the principles of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and the time-domain coupled-mode theory (TCMT), with their most prominent and distinctive characteristic being the existence of exceptional points (EPs), which are unique to non-Hermitian systems. When the key parameters of the optical system evolve to an exceptional point, two or more eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenstates undergo simultaneous degeneracy, a phenomenon that does not occur in traditional Hermitian systems. This degeneracy further triggers drastic and remarkable changes in the overall system responses, such as efficient chiral mode conversion, unidirectional polarization rotation, and enhanced light-matter interaction.

By fully taking advantage of the intrinsic and unique properties of exceptional points (EPs) and parity-time (PT) symmetry, such non-Hermitian metasurfaces can realize a series of advanced polarization manipulation effects that are extremely hard or even impossible to achieve with traditional optical methods. These effects include asymmetric transmission of polarized light, topological phase transitions in polarization states, and polarization-dependent mode switching, all of which have important implications for the development of next-generation optical devices.

Early research work in this emerging and promising field mainly focused on the design, fabrication, and basic performance testing of static geometric structures. Researchers successfully achieved various basic polarization control functions, such as the conversion from linear polarization to circular polarization and the precise selection of specific circular polarization states, through the rational, precise, and elaborate design of subwavelength meta-atoms with specific shapes, sizes, and orientations. By further integrating gain and loss functional materials (such as semiconductor materials and plasmonic materials) into these carefully designed geometric structures, PT-symmetric metasurfaces were successfully fabricated and characterized. A variety of novel and interesting physical effects, including polarization-dependent laser emission with high directionality and unidirectional invisibility of polarized light, were experimentally observed, measured, and verified on these specially designed PT-symmetric metasurfaces. In recent years, research efforts in this dynamic field have gradually advanced towards deeper theoretical exploration, more refined experimental manipulation, and more practical application-oriented directions. Researchers have successfully achieved precise full coverage control of arbitrary polarization states on the Poincaré sphere by introducing anisotropic meta-atoms with tailored optical properties and gradient phase distributions across the metasurface. The organic and effective combination of geometric phase effects and non-Hermitian optical phenomena has also provided strong and effective support for the implementation of practical optical functions, such as broadband polarization conversion with high efficiency, efficient vortex beam generation with controllable topological charge, and polarization-insensitive light absorption.

In the ongoing study of non-Hermitian polarization metasurfaces, a key and significant breakthrough lies in achieving independent, precise, and synchronous control of multiple polarization degrees of freedom. Specifically, based on structure-optimized coupled resonator metasurfaces with carefully designed resonant modes, researchers have successfully achieved synchronous and precise control of two key polarization parameters: polarization ellipticity and polarization orientation. After artificially introducing well-controlled non-Hermitian coupling effects between orthogonal polarization modes, polarization-dependent nonreciprocal transmission phenomena were also clearly observed and systematically studied in experiments. These phenomena are the core working mechanisms of essential photonic devices such as optical isolators and circulators in modern optical communication and quantum information systems.

To effectively overcome the inherent limitations of traditional static metasurface devices, such as their fixed performance and lack of dynamic adjustability, researchers have in recent years begun to actively explore and develop dynamically tunable non-Hermitian polarization metasurfaces. By integrating functional materials and components such as electro-optic crystals, thermo-optic polymers, and optomechanical structures into the overall metasurface design, real-time, flexible, and reversible control over gain/loss distribution and polarization response has been successfully achieved, greatly expanding the practical application scenarios of these metasurfaces.

Conclusions and Prospects

This paper focuses on the core theme of polarization control, comprehensively reviewing the relevant theoretical foundations, key experimental methods, and representative research achievements of non-Hermitian polarization metasurfaces from three important aspects: system geometric parameters optimization, polarization degrees of freedom control, and dynamic regulation by external fields. Looking ahead to the future development prospects of this exciting field, the deep and seamless integration of non-Hermitian physics with emerging advanced technologies such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, and topological photonics is expected to bring entirely new innovative breakthroughs to the study of non-Hermitian polarization metasurfaces.

, authors=Can Pan1, Yang Xiao1, Zhenhai Wu1, Zhixiong Liu1, Rongjie Wang1, Weixing Sa1, Linfeng He1, Jitao Li1, 2, authorsList=Can Pan, Yang Xiao, Zhenhai Wu, Zhixiong Liu, Rongjie Wang, Weixing Sa, Linfeng He, Jitao Li, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yang Xiao, Jitao Li, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Opto-Electronic Engineering. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319954837303837687, articleId=1319954825844999069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, language=CN, title=基于非厄米超表面的偏振调控, columnId=1279512308976173851, journalTitle=光电工程, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

非厄米超表面以非厄米物理为基础,打破了传统厄米系统能量守恒的框架,将增益/损耗作为核心调控自由度,基于奇异点与宇称-时间(parity−time,PT)对称特性,为光偏振态的调控提供了新的方法。这一领域以非厄米哈密顿量与时域耦合模理论为基础,当系统参数演化至奇异点时,本征值与本征态会同时简并,同时还会伴随着拓扑相位突变、非对称传输等独特效应。本文以偏振调控为对象,从系统的几何参数、偏振自由度和外场动态调控三个方面展开,对非厄米偏振超表面的理论及代表性研究成果展开综述。

, authors=潘灿1, 肖扬1, *, *, 伍振海1, 刘志雄1, 王荣杰1, 撒卫星1, 何林峰1, 李继涛1, 2, *, *, authorsList=潘灿, 肖扬, 伍振海, 刘志雄, 王荣杰, 撒卫星, 何林峰, 李继涛, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=肖扬, 李继涛, authorNote=

潘灿,女(2002-),西南石油大学光电信息工程硕士研究生。E-mail:

肖扬(1992-),男,2022年获得四川大学博士学位,现就职于西南石油大学。E-mail:

李继涛(1992-),男,博士,IEEE Senior Member,入选“全球前2%顶尖科学家”榜单,主要从事光电子技术、微波-太赫兹技术、集成电路技术研究。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
肖扬,
李继涛,
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《光电工程》编辑部 2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Kb7WQ2SXgcCzRaNzjz+usw==, magXml=aFK8a4FyacK8+YO2/NWLYw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=pmKhRkdPOU9YtVqZ7QuaOg==, pdfFileSize=16696182, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=YxxNBpcGCIm6bOAEhS762A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=+4tDwgqv27DVWXndn2iP0Q==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1319954839602316287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2662126956@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319954839749115904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954839602316287, language=EN, stringName=Can Pan, firstName=Can, middleName=null, lastName=Pan, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319954839833001985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954839602316287, language=CN, stringName=潘灿, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500, bio={"img":"xK3IwzN/3M0BQgr6aTNBxA==","content":"

潘灿,女(2002-),西南石油大学光电信息工程硕士研究生。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=xK3IwzN/3M0BQgr6aTNBxA==, bioContent=

潘灿,女(2002-),西南石油大学光电信息工程硕士研究生。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319954837740045304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954837765211129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839304520698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500)])]), Author(id=1319954839925276675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=scu_xyy@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319954840013357061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954839925276675, language=EN, stringName=Yang Xiao, firstName=Yang, middleName=null, lastName=Xiao, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319954840097243142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954839925276675, language=CN, stringName=肖扬, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, *, address=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500, bio={"img":"iNHxJ21+RnwSEXkDiHd3+A==","content":"

肖扬(1992-),男,2022年获得四川大学博士学位,现就职于西南石油大学。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=iNHxJ21+RnwSEXkDiHd3+A==, bioContent=

肖扬(1992-),男,2022年获得四川大学博士学位,现就职于西南石油大学。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319954837740045304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954837765211129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839304520698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500)])]), Author(id=1319954840176934920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319954840298569738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954840176934920, language=EN, stringName=Zhenhai Wu, firstName=Zhenhai, middleName=null, lastName=Wu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319954840374067211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954840176934920, language=CN, stringName=伍振海, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319954837740045304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954837765211129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839304520698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500)])]), Author(id=1319954840436981773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319954840558616591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954840436981773, language=EN, stringName=Zhixiong Liu, firstName=Zhixiong, middleName=null, lastName=Liu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319954840617336848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954840436981773, language=CN, stringName=刘志雄, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319954837740045304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954837765211129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839304520698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500)])]), Author(id=1319954840768331794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319954840856412180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954840768331794, language=EN, stringName=Rongjie Wang, firstName=Rongjie, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319954840923521045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954840768331794, language=CN, stringName=王荣杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319954837740045304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954837765211129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839304520698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500)])]), Author(id=1319954841196150807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319954841301008409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954841196150807, language=EN, stringName=Weixing Sa, firstName=Weixing, middleName=null, lastName=Sa, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319954841401671706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954841196150807, language=CN, stringName=撒卫星, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319954837740045304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954837765211129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839304520698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500)])]), Author(id=1319954841506529308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319954841640747038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954841506529308, language=EN, stringName=Linfeng He, firstName=Linfeng, middleName=null, lastName=He, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319954841753993247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954841506529308, language=CN, stringName=何林峰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319954837740045304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954837765211129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839304520698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500)])]), Author(id=1319954841854656545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jtlee@swpu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319954841980485668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954841854656545, language=EN, stringName=Jitao Li, firstName=Jitao, middleName=null, lastName=Li, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
2College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319954842055983141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954841854656545, language=CN, stringName=李继涛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, *, address=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500
2成都信息工程大学光电工程学院,四川 成都 610225, bio={"img":"0Gxej8vUpMXdPHVD2Tyd/w==","content":"

李继涛(1992-),男,博士,IEEE Senior Member,入选“全球前2%顶尖科学家”榜单,主要从事光电子技术、微波-太赫兹技术、集成电路技术研究。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=0Gxej8vUpMXdPHVD2Tyd/w==, bioContent=

李继涛(1992-),男,博士,IEEE Senior Member,入选“全球前2%顶尖科学家”榜单,主要从事光电子技术、微波-太赫兹技术、集成电路技术研究。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319954837740045304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954837765211129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839304520698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500)]), AuthorCompany(id=1319954839455515643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839463904252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954839455515643, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839472292861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954839455515643, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2成都信息工程大学光电工程学院,四川 成都 610225)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1319954842160840742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=non-Hermitian), Keyword(id=1319954843809202215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=electromagnetic metasurfaces), Keyword(id=1319954843939225640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=polarization degrees of freedom), Keyword(id=1319954844069249065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=exceptional points), Keyword(id=1319954844165718058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=非厄米), Keyword(id=1319954844232826923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=电磁超表面), Keyword(id=1319954844299935788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=偏振自由度), Keyword(id=1319954844371238957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=奇异点)], refs=[Reference(id=1319954848565542986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sakurai J J, Napolitano J. Modern Quantum Mechanics[M]. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108587280., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954848657817675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu N F, Capasso F. Flat optics with designer metasurfaces[J]. Nat Mater, 2014, 13(2): 139−150., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954848729120844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang F, Prasad C S, Li W, et al. Non-Hermitian metasurface with non-trivial topology[J]. Nanophotonics, 2022, 11(6): 1159−1165., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954848808812621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fan H Y, Luo J. Research progress of non-Hermitian electromagnetic metasurfaces[J]. Acta Phys Sin, 2022, 71(24): 247802. https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20221706., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954848938836046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu H, Mason D, Jiang L Y, et al. Topological energy transfer in an optomechanical system with exceptional points[J]. Nature, 2016, 537(7618): 80−83., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954849022722127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kato T. Perturbation Theory for Linear Operators[M]. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66282-9., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954849127579728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mostafazadeh A. Pseudo-Hermiticity versus PT symmetry: the necessary condition for the reality of the spectrum of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian[J]. J Math Phys, 2002, 43(1): 205−214., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954849228243025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=唐原江, 梁超, 刘永椿. 宇称-时间对称与反对称研究进展[J]. 物理学报, 2022, 71(17): 171101., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954849295351890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tang Y J, Liang C, Liu Y C. Research progress of parity-time symmetry and anti-symmetry[J]. Acta Phys Sin, 2022, 71(17): 171101., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954849370849363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dembowski C, Gräf H D, Harney H L, et al. Experimental observation of the topological structure of exceptional points[J]. Phys Rev Lett, 2001, 86(5): 787−790., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954849450541140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo Y H, Zhang S C, Pu M B, et al. Spin-decoupled metasurface for simultaneous detection of spin and orbital angular momenta via momentum transformation[J]. Light Sci Appl, 2021, 10(1): 63., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954849538621525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Khan H Z, Zafar J, Jabbar A. Advancements in metasurfaces for polarization control: a comprehensive survey[J]. Next Res, 2025, 2(3): 100407., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954849605730390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王皓萱, 何彦霖, 祝航威, 等. 超表面偏振器件研究进展与展望[J]. 光电工程, 2024, 51(8): 240095., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954849677033559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang H X, He Y L, Zhu H W, et al. Research progress and prospects of metasurface polarization devices[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2024, 51(8): 240095., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954849739948120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li J, Lu X G, Li H, et al. Racemic dielectric metasurfaces for arbitrary terahertz polarization rotation and wavefront manipulation[J]. Opto-Electron Adv, 2024, 7(10): 240075., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954849802862681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nan T, Zhao H, Guo J Y, et al. Generation of structured light beams with polarization variation along arbitrary spatial trajectories using tri-layer metasurfaces[J]. Opto-Electron Sci, 2024, 3(5): 230052., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954849890943066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Makris K G, El-Ganainy R, Christodoulides D N, et al. Beam dynamics in PT symmetric optical lattices[J]. Phys Rev Lett, 2008, 100(10): 103904., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954849962246235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rüter C E, Makris K G, El-Ganainy R, et al. Observation of parity-time symmetry in optics[J]. Nat Phys, 2010, 6(3): 192−195., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954850037743708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Longhi S. PT symmetry and antisymmetry by anti-Hermitian wave coupling and nonlinear optical interactions[J]. Opt Lett, 2018, 43(16): 4025−4028., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954850121629789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bender C M, Boettcher S. Real spectra in non-Hermitian Hamiltonians having PT symmetry[J]. Phys Rev Lett, 1998, 80(24): 5243−5246., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954850197127262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=K. Takata, N. Roberts, A. Shinya, et al. Non-Hermitian Temporal Coupled-Mode Theory: Effects of Imaginary Couplings on Exceptional Points[C]//Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2021, Washington, DC, United States, November 1-4, 2021: FM2E.1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954850255847519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=A. Yariv. Coupled-mode theory for guided-wave optics[J]. IEEE J Quantum Electron, 1973, 9(9): 919−933., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954850327150688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fan S H, Suh W, Joannopoulos J D. Temporal coupled-mode theory for the Fano resonance in optical resonators[J]. J Opt Soc Am A, 2003, 20(3): 569−572., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954850402648161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ishimaru A. Wave Propagation and Scattering in Random Media[M]. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1978. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374701-3.X5001-7., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954850482339938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姚建铨, 李继涛, 张雅婷, 等. 周期光学系统中的连续域束缚态[J]. 中国光学(中英文), 2023, 16(1): 1−23., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954850591391843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yao J Q, Li J T, Zhang Y T, et al. Bound states in continuum in periodic optical systems[J]. Chin Opt, 2023, 16(1): 1−23., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954850721415268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hassan A U, Zhen B, Soljačić M, et al. Dynamically encircling exceptional points: exact evolution and polarization state conversion[J]. Phys Rev Lett, 2017, 118(9): 093002., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954850809495653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo Y H, Pu M B, Zhao Z Y, et al. Merging geometric phase and Plasmon retardation phase in continuously shaped metasurfaces for arbitrary orbital angular momentum generation[J]. ACS Photonics, 2016, 3(11): 2022−2029., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954850901770342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li A D, Wei H, Cotrufo M, et al. Exceptional points and non-Hermitian photonics at the nanoscale[J]. Nat Nanotechnol, 2023, 18(7): 706−720., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954850977267815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nie R X, He C H, Zhang R X, et al. Vanadium dioxide-based terahertz metasurfaces for manipulating wavefronts with switchable polarization[J]. Opt Laser Technol, 2023, 159: 109010., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954851052765288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Park J H, Ndao A, Cai W, et al. Symmetry-breaking-induced plasmonic exceptional points and nanoscale sensing[J]. Nat Phys, 2020, 16(4): 462−468., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954851132457065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Oh D, Baek S, Lee S, et al. Complete asymmetric polarization conversion at zero-eigenvalue exceptional points of non-Hermitian metasurfaces[J]. Nanophotonics, 2024, 13(24): 4409−4416., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954851199565930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Planck M. Ueber das gesetz der energieverteilung im normalspectrum[J]. Ann Phys, 1901, 309(3): 553−563., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954852839538795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Heisenberg W. Über quantentheoretische umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer beziehungen[J]. Z Phys, 1925, 33(1): 879−893., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954852910841964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Schrödinger E. Quantisierung als eigenwertproblem[J]. Ann Phys, 1926, 384(6): 489−527., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954852990533741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=D C G. The principles of quantum mechanics[J]. Nature, 1935, 136(3437): 411−412., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954853116362862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Planck M. Über eine verbesserung der wienschen spektralgleichung[M]//Schöpf H G. Von Kirchhoff bis Planck: Theorie der Wärmestrahlung in Historisch-Kritischer Darstellung. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1978: 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-13885-3_15., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954853217026159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=von Neumann J. Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics[M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400889921., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954853296717936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lawrence M, Xu N N, Zhang X Q, et al. Manifestation of PT symmetry breaking in polarization space with terahertz metasurfaces[J]. Phys Rev Lett, 2014, 113(9): 093901., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954853363826801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lang Y H, Xu Q, Xu G H, et al. Topological metasurface for spin-decoupled wavefront manipulation of terahertz surface plasmons[J]. Laser Photonics Rev, 2025, 19(4): 2401281., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954853439324274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yin X B, Zhang X. Unidirectional light propagation at exceptional points[J]. Nat Mater, 2013, 12(3): 175−177., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954853506433139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gao F, Yuan P C, Sun Z Y, et al. Experimental demonstration of the non-Hermitian radio frequency metasurface with polarization-dependent unidirectional reflectionless propagation[J]. Adv Photonics Res, 2022, 3(8): 2200019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954853581930612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yi C, Wang Z J, Shi Y Y, et al. Creating topological exceptional point by on-chip all-dielectric metasurface[J]. Light Sci Appl, 2025, 14(1): 262., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954853649039477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bergholtz E J, Budich J C, Kunst F K. Exceptional topology of non-Hermitian systems[J]. Rev Mod Phys, 2021, 93(1): 015005., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954853720342646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song Q H, Odeh M, Zúñiga-Pérez J, et al. Plasmonic topological metasurface by encircling an exceptional point[J]. Science, 2021, 373(6559): 1133−1137., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954853791645815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cui T J, Qi M Q, Wan X, et al. Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials[J]. Light Sci Appl, 2014, 3(10): e218., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954853867143288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=44, rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Y C, Wan S C, Deng S X, et al. Independent control of circularly polarized light with exceptional topological phase coding metasurfaces[J]. Photonics Res, 2024, 12(3): 534−542., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954853934252153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=45, rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Oh S S, Hess O. Chiral metamaterials: enhancement and control of optical activity and circular dichroism[J]. Nano Converg, 2015, 2(1): 24., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954854005555322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Barron L D. Molecular Light Scattering and Optical Activity[M]. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511535468., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954854081052795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kolkowski R, Kovaios S, Koenderink A F. Pseudochirality at exceptional rings of optical metasurfaces[J]. Phys Rev Res, 2021, 3(2): 023185., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954854185910396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=48, rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Baek S, Park S H, Oh D, et al. Non-Hermitian chiral degeneracy of gated graphene metasurfaces[J]. Light Sci Appl, 2023, 12(1): 87., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954854244630653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=49, rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li H J, Yang G X, Jiang A W, et al. Manifestation of super chiral exceptional points in a plasmonic metasurface[J]. Photonics Res, 2024, 12(12): 2863−2872., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954854311739518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=50, rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li G X, Zhang S, Zentgraf T. Nonlinear photonic metasurfaces[J]. Nat Rev Mater, 2017, 2(5): 17010., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954854374654079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=51, rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rubin N A, Zaidi A, Juhl M, et al. Polarization state generation and measurement with a single metasurface[J]. Opt Express, 2018, 26(17): 21455−21478., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954854441762944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=52, rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Manion G N, Stokkermans T J. Polarization of Light[M]. StatPearls Publishing, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954854521454721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=53, rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Goldberg A Z. Quantum theory of polarimetry: from quantum operations to Mueller matrices[J]. Phys Rev Res, 2020, 2(2): 023038., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954854588563586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=54, rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dennis M R, Alonso M A. Swings and roundabouts: optical Poincaré spheres for polarization and Gaussian beams[J]. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci, 2017, 375(2087): 20150441., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954854655672451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=55, rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qin H Y, Yang Z J, Huang P S, et al. Sphere of arbitrarily polarized exceptional points with a single planar metasurface[J]. Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1): 2656., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954854718587012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=56, rfOrder=58, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=El-Ganainy R, Makris K G, Khajavikhan M, et al. Non-Hermitian physics and PT symmetry[J]. Nat Phys, 2018, 14(1): 11−19., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954854789890181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=57, rfOrder=59, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Özdemir Ş K, Rotter S, Nori F, et al. Parity–time symmetry and exceptional points in photonics[J]. Nat Mater, 2019, 18(8): 783−798., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954854903136390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=58, rfOrder=60, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Z J, Huang P S, Lin Y T, et al. Creating pairs of exceptional points for arbitrary polarization control: asymmetric vectorial wavefront modulation[J]. Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1): 232., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954854995411079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=59, rfOrder=61, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi X T, Lin H, Liu T T, et al. Polarization-controlled non-Hermitian metasurfaces for ultra-sensitive terahertz sensing[J]. Laser Photonics Rev, 2025, 19(14): 2500172., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954855096074376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=60, rfOrder=62, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shaltout A M, Shalaev V M, Brongersma M L. Spatiotemporal light control with active metasurfaces[J]. Science, 2019, 364(6441): eaat3100., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954855213514889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=61, rfOrder=63, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Y H, Yamagami Y, Yu X B, et al. Terahertz topological photonics for on-chip communication[J]. Nat Photonics, 2020, 14(7): 446−451., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954855301595274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=62, rfOrder=64, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang D C, Zhang L C, Gu Y H, et al. Switchable ultrathin quarter-wave plate in terahertz using active phase-change metasurface[J]. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 15020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954855372898443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=63, rfOrder=65, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ding F, Deng Y D, Meng C, et al. Electrically tunable topological phase transition in non-Hermitian optical MEMS metasurfaces[J]. Sci Adv, 2024, 10(5): eadl4661., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954855440007308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=64, rfOrder=66, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Overvig A C, Mann S A, Alù A. Thermal metasurfaces: complete emission control by combining local and nonlocal light-matter interactions[J]. Phys Rev X, 2021, 11(2): 021050., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954855536476301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=65, rfOrder=67, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun K L, Yang B X, Cai Y J, et al. Circularly polarized thermal emission driven by chiral flatbands in monoclinic metasurfaces[J]. Sci Adv, 2025, 11(31): eadw0986., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954855616168078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=66, rfOrder=68, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mueller J P B, Rubin N A, Devlin R C, et al. Metasurface polarization optics: independent phase control of arbitrary orthogonal states of polarization[J]. Phys Rev Lett, 2017, 118(11): 113901., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954855679082639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=67, rfOrder=69, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang X L, Yu F, Chen Z G, et al. Non-Abelian braiding on photonic chips[J]. Nat Photonics, 2022, 16(5): 390−395., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954857323249809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=68, rfOrder=70, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mao W B, Fu Z T, Li Y H, et al. Exceptional-point-enhanced phase sensing[J]. Sci Adv, 2024, 10(14): eadl5037., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954857562325138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=69, rfOrder=71, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Papangeli I, Kim J, Maier I, et al. MicroRNA 139-5p coordinates APLNR-CXCR4 crosstalk during vascular maturation[J]. Nat Commun, 2016, 7: 11268., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319954857662988435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=70, rfOrder=72, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He W B, Hu Y Z, Ren Z H, et al. Transient loss-induced non-Hermitian degeneracies for ultrafast terahertz metadevices[J]. Adv Sci, 2023, 10(36): 2304972., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319954837740045304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954837765211129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839304520698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500)]), AuthorCompany(id=1319954839455515643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839463904252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954839455515643, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839472292861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954839455515643, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2成都信息工程大学光电工程学院,四川 成都 610225)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1319954844488679470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic of the PT-symmetric system and its phase transition. (a) Schematic diagram of the PT-symmetric system; (b) Evolution of the real part Re (ω) and imaginary part Im (ω) of the eigenfrequency versus the gain-loss ratio; (c) Mode evolution trajectories at different stages of the phase transition, figureFileSmall=xuiRJVKWuRVzwCrkKJMiYQ==, figureFileBig=YxxNBpcGCIm6bOAEhS762A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954844589342767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图1, caption=PT对称系统的相变过程。(a) PT对称的定义;(b)本征值随参数的演化轨迹;(c)不同相变阶段的模式演化轨迹, figureFileSmall=xuiRJVKWuRVzwCrkKJMiYQ==, figureFileBig=YxxNBpcGCIm6bOAEhS762A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954844790669360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Design and polarization conversion characteristics of a gain-assisted non-Hermitian chiral metasurface for complete asymmetric polarization conversion (CAPC)[29]. (a) Schematic of the metasurface unit cell. The yellow structure denotes the gain-assisted resonator, and the gray structure represents the passive resonator;(b) Schematic illustrating the working principle of direction-dependent CAPC. RCP is converted to LCP under forward propagation, whereas LCP incidence is completely suppressed under backward propagation;(c) Circular dichroism for transmission (CDT) in a two-parameter space;(d) Polarization state mapping on the Poincaré sphere, figureFileSmall=jVVs6taSbDLIMW+8y2NY4w==, figureFileBig=IpNRd8888BPOpGJLhO3Ivg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954844870361137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图2, caption=完全非对称偏振转换(CAPC)的增益型非厄米手性超表面的设计及其偏振转换特性[29]。(a)超表面单元结构示意图,黄色结构为增益型谐振器,灰色结构为无源谐振器;(b)方向依赖型完全非对称偏振转换的工作原理示意图,正向传播时实现RCP到LCP的转换,反向传播时LCP入射被完全抑制;(c)双参数双参数空间中的圆偏振转换差(CDT);(d)庞加莱球上的偏振态映射, figureFileSmall=jVVs6taSbDLIMW+8y2NY4w==, figureFileBig=IpNRd8888BPOpGJLhO3Ivg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954844958441522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Principle and experimental realization of PT-symmetric metasurfaces[36]. (a) Schematic of a non-Hermitian metasurface with a mirror symmetry plane, where surface plasmon polaritons exhibit symmetric distributions on both sides;(b) Photograph of a PT-symmetric metasurface composed of silver and lead split-ring resonators;(c) Evolution trajectories of polarization eigenstates on the Poincaré sphere;(d-h) Schematic diagrams of polarization state evolution, figureFileSmall=mfj4inCRYUF4bexP594ekA==, figureFileBig=VbFhhGX2KznvskISvVAD4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845038133299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图3, caption=PT对称超表面的原理与实验实现[36]。(a)具有镜像对称面的非厄米超表面示意图,表面等离子体激元在两侧呈现对称分布;(b)基于银和铅开口环谐振器的PT对称超表面样品扫描电镜图与周期单元尺寸标注;(c)庞加莱球上的偏振本征态演化轨迹;(d-h) PT相变过程中模式演化示意图, figureFileSmall=mfj4inCRYUF4bexP594ekA==, figureFileBig=VbFhhGX2KznvskISvVAD4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845117825076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Structural design and exceptional point characteristics of terahertz non-hermitian topological metasurfaces[37]. (a) Conceptual schematic of terahertz surface plasmon polariton spin-decoupled wavefront manipulation by a topological metasurface; (b) Schematic of chiral double-split ring resonator unit; (c) Schematic of multilayer structure of the free-standing topological metasurface; (d) Microscopic top-view image of chiral double-split ring resonator array; (e-h) Azimuthal and ellipticity distributions of eigenstates in the non-Hermitian system, where the purple star marks the position of the non-Hermitian exceptional point (EP) with eigenstate degeneracy; (i-l) Amplitude and phase distributions of cross circularly polarized reflection channels; (m) Reflection spectra of different circularly polarized reflection channels; (n) Evolution of eigenstate ellipticity with frequency, figureFileSmall=si9YQIKWn+c5uJNRBfcl/A==, figureFileBig=v98MU5Fm402+OpKOxhBHhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845193322549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图4, caption=太赫兹非厄米拓扑超表面的结构设计与奇异点响应特性[37]。(a) 拓扑超表面对太赫兹表面等离激元实现自旋解耦波前调控的物理示意图;(b) 手性双开口谐振环单元几何结构;(c) 自支撑型超表面多层介质剖面结构;(d) 谐振环阵列显微俯视形貌;(e-h) 非厄米体系本征态的方位角、椭偏角二维分布,紫色星点标识本征态简并奇异点;(i-l) 交叉圆偏振反射分量的振幅与相位空间分布;(m) 不同圆偏振通道反射率的频域响应曲线;(n) 两类电场本征态椭偏角随频率的演化规律,曲线尖峰对应奇异点工作频率, figureFileSmall=si9YQIKWn+c5uJNRBfcl/A==, figureFileBig=v98MU5Fm402+OpKOxhBHhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845260431414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Design, simulation, and fabrication of chiral metasurfaces[39]. (a) Unidirectional reflectionless propagation path in the metasurface; (b) 3D simulation model of the metasurface, where yellow denotes copper resonators and cyan denotes the FR-4 dielectric substrate; (c) Structural design of the chiral unit cell with key geometric parameters labeled; (d, e) Top and bottom views of the fabricated sample, respectively, consisting of a 10×10 unit array, figureFileSmall=FajkigqOm9Mm/8sGoClFvg==, figureFileBig=zG4PsN69LSnf/lUIfIVOLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845340123191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图5, caption=手性超表面的设计[39]。(a) 超表面中的单向无反射传播路径;(b) 超表面的三维仿真模型,其中黄色表示铜谐振器,青色表示FR-4介电基板;(c) 手性单元胞的结构设计; (d, e) 制备样品的顶视图和底视图,该样品由10×10个单元阵列组成, figureFileSmall=FajkigqOm9Mm/8sGoClFvg==, figureFileBig=zG4PsN69LSnf/lUIfIVOLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845419814968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Design and phase modulation principle of topological metasurfaces[42]. (a) 3D and top views of the chiral metasurface unit, showing the multilayer metal-dielectric structure and key geometric parameters; (b-d) Superposition design of ET phase and PB phase; (e-g) Realization of the final metasurface and its independent control capability for circularly polarized light, figureFileSmall=JrHigVGKSxUR73u+dDxKcg==, figureFileBig=EIWbeO71XvnXOHOIOVcgZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845503701049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图6, caption=拓扑超表面的设计与相位调制原理[42]。(a) 手性超表面单元的三维视图和俯视图,展示了多层金属-介质结构及关键几何参数; (b-d) ET相位与PB相位的叠加设计;(e-g) 最终超表面的实现及其对圆偏振光的独立控制能力, figureFileSmall=JrHigVGKSxUR73u+dDxKcg==, figureFileBig=EIWbeO71XvnXOHOIOVcgZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845583392826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Encoded metasurface combining ET phase and PB phase[44]. (a, b) Top and 3D schematics of the metasurface unit; (c) Superposition principle of 2-bit coding sequences; (d) Far-field scattering patterns of the 1-bit encoded metasurface under RCP and LCP incidence; (e) Far-field scattering patterns of the 2-bit encoded metasurface under RCP and LCP incidence, figureFileSmall=oRj1DDiR0DqCc78p7GzGIg==, figureFileBig=LOTl4tHZ6Y7IuRSrvqul+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845671473211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图7, caption=结合ET相位和PB相位的编码超表面[44]。(a, b)超表面单元的顶视图和三维示意图;(c) 2位编码序列的叠加原理;(d) 1位编码超表面在RCP和LCP入射下的远场散射图;(e) 2位编码超表面在RCP和LCP入射下的远场散射图, figureFileSmall=oRj1DDiR0DqCc78p7GzGIg==, figureFileBig=LOTl4tHZ6Y7IuRSrvqul+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845797302332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Design and characteristics of an exceptional point-based non-Hermitian metasurface[49]. (a) Structure and key dimensions of the metasurface;(b,c) Distributions of complex eigenvalues in the parameter space; (d) Unidirectional invisibility, showing asymmetric transmission behavior for waves incident from opposite directions; (e) Polarization conversion, enabling efficient transformation between different circular polarization states, figureFileSmall=Y/5Cx+YLJ2gW63D9oq9r9w==, figureFileBig=JphxwR3IUETf/UE1vscehQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845893771325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图8, caption=基于奇异点的非厄米超表面结构设计与功能特性[49]。(a) 超表面周期单元构型与关键几何尺寸标注;(b, c) 复本征值实部、虚部在双参数空间内的分布曲面,曲面交汇点对应光学奇异点;(d) 单向隐身效应示意图,该结构对正反入射电磁波呈现非对称传输响应;(e) 偏振转换功能示意,可实现左旋、右旋圆偏振光之间的高效相互转换, figureFileSmall=Y/5Cx+YLJ2gW63D9oq9r9w==, figureFileBig=JphxwR3IUETf/UE1vscehQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954846002823230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Realization of exceptional point coverage over the entire Poincaré sphere[55]. (a) Statistical distribution of exceptional points in a random non-Hermitian system; (b) Evolution of the Jones matrix and transition of exceptional point types; (c) Working mechanism of extrinsic chiral metasurfaces: oblique incidence combined with first-order diffraction introduces chiral responses in asymmetric multilayer structures, providing degrees of freedom for arbitrarily polarized exceptional points; (d-f) Evolution of exceptional points under wavelength tuning, figureFileSmall=5/BhV0VGolF0Z59qgN+WWQ==, figureFileBig=5F7C+GwQm2maE9gAdy82rA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954846103486527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图9, caption=全庞加莱球奇异点s覆盖的实现[55]。(a) 随随机非厄米系统中奇异点的统计分布;(b) 琼斯矩阵演化与奇异点类型转变;(c) 外禀手性超构表面工作原理图。通过斜入射结合一阶衍射,在非对称多层结构中引入手性响应,为任意偏振奇异点提供自由度;(d-f) 波长调控下的奇异点演化, figureFileSmall=5/BhV0VGolF0Z59qgN+WWQ==, figureFileBig=5F7C+GwQm2maE9gAdy82rA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954846183178304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Polarization-modulated metasurface based on PB phase and mirror-symmetric structures[58]. (a) 3D schematic of a reflective chiral meta-atom; (b, c) Surface current distributions of the meta-atom and its mirror-symmetric structure under x-polarized electric field excitation; (d, e) Polarization modulation mechanism of a single structure; (f) Metasurface design for full-polarization reconstruction, figureFileSmall=vBuX5rjU07AjoIrUxi5oHQ==, figureFileBig=/3JKTRvfDWJdT95zZX3xWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954846254481473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图10, caption=基于PB相位和镜像对称结构的偏振调控超表面[58]。(a)反射型手性超原子的三维结构示意图;(b, c)超原子及其镜像对称结构在x方向电场激励下的表面电流分布;(d, e)单一超原子阵列的偏振转换特性;(f)融合超原子及其镜像对称结构的复合超构表面,可重构任意椭圆偏振, figureFileSmall=vBuX5rjU07AjoIrUxi5oHQ==, figureFileBig=/3JKTRvfDWJdT95zZX3xWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954846317396034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Experimental system, structural parameters and simulation of sensing characteristics for the non-Hermitian terahertz metasurface sensor[59].(a) Schematic of the terahertz sensing experimental system and core physical mechanism; (b) Structure of the metasurface sensing unit cell; (c) Distributions of group delay as functions of refractive index and polarization angle; (d) Transmission phase spectra at different polarization angles; (e) Group delay curves at a specific refractive index; (f, g) Distributions of group delay as functions of thickness and polarization angle, figureFileSmall=dEehbJUUOzMKiz5vdrvi4g==, figureFileBig=KpxNHDg47k+YUpSXbogj6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954846388699203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图11, caption=非厄米太赫兹超表面传感器的实验系统、结构参数与传感特性仿真[59]。(a)太赫兹传感实验系统与核心物理机制示意图;(b)超表面传感单元的结构;(c)群延迟随折射率与偏振角的分布;(d)不同偏振角下的透射相位谱;(e)特定折射率下的群延迟曲线;(f, g)群延迟随厚度与偏振角的分布, figureFileSmall=dEehbJUUOzMKiz5vdrvi4g==, figureFileBig=KpxNHDg47k+YUpSXbogj6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954846451613764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Structure, topological phase transition and polarization evolution characteristics of an electrically tunable non-Hermitian MEMS metasurface[63].(a) Schematic of the topological phase transition (exceptional point → diabolic point). The left panel shows the exceptional point state, where the reflection eigenstates degenerate into a single circularly polarized state; the right panel shows the DP state, where the reflection eigenstates reduce to orthogonal polarization states, demonstrating the voltage control of the system’s exceptional point; (b) Geometric parameter labeling of the chiral meta-atom; (c) Co-polarized and cross-polarized reflection spectra as functions of the applied voltage; (d) Poincaré sphere representation of the reflected polarization state under LCP incidence; (e, f) Optical characteristics at the exceptional point state; (g) Eigenstate evolution at the exceptional point state; (h, i) Optical characteristics at the diabolic point state; (j) Eigenstate evolution at the diabolic point state, figureFileSmall=nEKySG4xf77yrNaO5gCIFA==, figureFileBig=ZJQSujYb5AZ2D3wFUL/TSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954846539694149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图12, caption=电可调非厄米MEMS超表面的结构、拓扑相变与偏振演化特性[63]。(a)拓扑相变(奇异点→魔点DP)的物理示意图,左图为奇异点状态,反射本征态简并为单一圆偏振态;右图为DP状态反射本征态退化为正交偏振态,体现电压对系统奇异点的调控作用;(b)手性超原子的几何参数标注;(c)超表面的分层结构示意图;(d)反射率随驱动电压的变化;(e, f)奇异点状态下的光学特性;(g)奇异点状态下的本征态演化;(h, i) DP状态下的光学特性;(j) DP状态下的本征态演化, figureFileSmall=nEKySG4xf77yrNaO5gCIFA==, figureFileBig=ZJQSujYb5AZ2D3wFUL/TSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954846631968838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Schematic of the experimental setup and physical characteristics of a monoclinic non-Hermitian polarization metasurface[65]. (a) Angle-resolved polarization measurement setup; (b, c) Temperature-dependent thermal emission spectra for LCP and RCP modes, showing chiral asymmetric emission; (d, e) Real-part distributions of the electric field in k-space, figureFileSmall=nb6VqSpyHF2VdsiV8p7A0A==, figureFileBig=yBXscRxH7aNg7LkSNDbBpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954846703272007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图13, caption=单斜型非厄米偏振超构表面的实验光路与手性光学特性[65]。(a) 角分辨偏振热辐射测试系统;(b, c) 左旋、右旋圆偏振模式随温度变化的热辐射光谱,体现手性不对称发射;(d, e) 动量空间内电场实部分布, figureFileSmall=nb6VqSpyHF2VdsiV8p7A0A==, figureFileBig=yBXscRxH7aNg7LkSNDbBpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954848355827784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Optically pumped Ge-hybrid non-Hermitian metasurface[70]. (a) Schematic of the device functionality; (b, c) Polarization transmission characteristics at the exceptional point; (d-f) Time evolution of the chiral transmission amplitude; (g-i) Time evolution of the chiral transmission phase, figureFileSmall=PhOwt9XouFt0lObBRD8Xyg==, figureFileBig=v6OOpWuw4W2qCJxt/c2/2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954848456491081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图14, caption=基于光泵浦的锗杂化非厄米超表面[70]。(a) 锗混合超构表面工作原理示意图;(b,c) 奇异点处的偏振传输特性;(d-f) 手性传输幅值的时间演化;(g-i) 手性传输相位的时间演化, figureFileSmall=PhOwt9XouFt0lObBRD8Xyg==, figureFileBig=v6OOpWuw4W2qCJxt/c2/2A==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1278641367198941188, delFlag=0, nameCn=光电工程, nameEn=Opto-Electronic Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1003-501X, eissn=2097-4019, cn=51-1346/O4, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=4Vimkd+qXLWNxtdpr9mFNw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Opto-Electronic Engineering, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1782781457950, updatedTime=1784021784694, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=G, firstLetterEn=G, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=4Vimkd+qXLWNxtdpr9mFNw==, picEn=vAq9s20WLs1ODDfbWq+Gjg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1283843675721536154, language=CN, name=光电工程, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784021784954, updatedTime=1784021784954, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/gdgc, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/gdgc, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/gdgc, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1283843675771867803, language=EN, name=Opto-Electronic Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784021784966, updatedTime=1784021784966, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/gdgc, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/gdgc, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/gdgc, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1278651732997652489, websiteList=[Website(id=1278723867418018151, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1278651732997652489, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/oee/CN, language=CN, createTime=1782801127533, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1782804494442, updateBy=18614031015, name=光电工程-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=光电工程, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1278738091150128034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867418018151, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1782804518735, updateTime=1782804518735, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738091120767903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867418018151, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1782804518728, updateTime=1782804518728, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738091171099557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867418018151, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1782804518740, updateTime=1782804518740, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738091108184990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867418018151, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/oee/CN/file/pic?fileId=A1C6uwqtMazluiWkEpR0Mg==, createTime=1782804518725, updateTime=1782804518725, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738091179488167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867418018151, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1782804518742, updateTime=1782804518742, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738091141739425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867418018151, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/oee/CN/file/pic, createTime=1782804518733, updateTime=1782804518733, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738091175293862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867418018151, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1782804518741, updateTime=1782804518741, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738091129156512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867418018151, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1782804518730, updateTime=1782804518730, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738091154322339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867418018151, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1782804518736, updateTime=1782804518736, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738091162710948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867418018151, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1782804518738, updateTime=1782804518738, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1278723867522875769, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1278651732997652489, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/oee/EN, language=EN, createTime=1782801127558, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1782804490442, updateBy=18614031015, name=光电工程-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Opto-Electronic Engineering, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1278738063660659607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867522875769, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1782804512181, updateTime=1782804512181, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738063635493780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867522875769, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1782804512175, updateTime=1782804512175, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738063924900762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867522875769, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1782804512244, updateTime=1782804512244, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738063606133651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867522875769, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/oee/EN/file/pic?fileId=A1C6uwqtMazluiWkEpR0Mg==, createTime=1782804512168, updateTime=1782804512168, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738063937483676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867522875769, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1782804512247, updateTime=1782804512247, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738063652270998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867522875769, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/oee/EN/file/pic, createTime=1782804512179, updateTime=1782804512179, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738063933289371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867522875769, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1782804512246, updateTime=1782804512246, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738063639688085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867522875769, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1782804512176, updateTime=1782804512176, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738063664853912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867522875769, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1782804512182, updateTime=1782804512182, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1278738063916512153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1278723867522875769, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1782804512242, updateTime=1782804512242, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=光电工程, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.oejournal.org/oee, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Opto-Electronic Engineering, journalPhotoCn=4Vimkd+qXLWNxtdpr9mFNw==, journalPhotoEn=vAq9s20WLs1ODDfbWq+Gjg==, journalFirstLetter=G, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/oee/CN/10.12086/oee.2026.260038, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/oee/EN/10.12086/oee.2026.260038, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/oee/CN/PDF/10.12086/oee.2026.260038, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/oee/EN/PDF/10.12086/oee.2026.260038, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1784908800000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于非厄米超表面的偏振调控
收藏切换
PDF下载
潘灿 1 , 肖扬 1, *, * , 伍振海 1 , 刘志雄 1 , 王荣杰 1 , 撒卫星 1 , 何林峰 1 , 李继涛 1, 2, *, *
光电工程 | 综述 2026,53(7): 260038-1
收起
收藏切换
光电工程 |综述 2026 , 53 (7) : 260038 -1
基于非厄米超表面的偏振调控
全屏
[Author(id=1319954839602316287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2662126956@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319954839749115904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954839602316287, language=EN, stringName=Can Pan, firstName=Can, middleName=null, lastName=Pan, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319954839833001985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954839602316287, language=CN, stringName=潘灿, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500, bio={"img":"xK3IwzN/3M0BQgr6aTNBxA==","content":"

潘灿,女(2002-),西南石油大学光电信息工程硕士研究生。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=xK3IwzN/3M0BQgr6aTNBxA==, bioContent=

潘灿,女(2002-),西南石油大学光电信息工程硕士研究生。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319954837740045304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954837765211129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839304520698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500)])]), Author(id=1319954839925276675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=scu_xyy@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319954840013357061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954839925276675, language=EN, stringName=Yang Xiao, firstName=Yang, middleName=null, lastName=Xiao, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319954840097243142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954839925276675, language=CN, stringName=肖扬, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, *, address=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500, bio={"img":"iNHxJ21+RnwSEXkDiHd3+A==","content":"

肖扬(1992-),男,2022年获得四川大学博士学位,现就职于西南石油大学。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=iNHxJ21+RnwSEXkDiHd3+A==, bioContent=

肖扬(1992-),男,2022年获得四川大学博士学位,现就职于西南石油大学。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319954837740045304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954837765211129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839304520698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500)])]), Author(id=1319954840176934920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319954840298569738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954840176934920, language=EN, stringName=Zhenhai Wu, firstName=Zhenhai, middleName=null, lastName=Wu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319954840374067211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954840176934920, language=CN, stringName=伍振海, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319954837740045304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954837765211129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839304520698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500)])]), Author(id=1319954840436981773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319954840558616591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954840436981773, language=EN, stringName=Zhixiong Liu, firstName=Zhixiong, middleName=null, lastName=Liu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319954840617336848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954840436981773, language=CN, stringName=刘志雄, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319954837740045304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954837765211129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839304520698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500)])]), Author(id=1319954840768331794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319954840856412180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954840768331794, language=EN, stringName=Rongjie Wang, firstName=Rongjie, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319954840923521045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954840768331794, language=CN, stringName=王荣杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319954837740045304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954837765211129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839304520698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500)])]), Author(id=1319954841196150807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319954841301008409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954841196150807, language=EN, stringName=Weixing Sa, firstName=Weixing, middleName=null, lastName=Sa, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319954841401671706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954841196150807, language=CN, stringName=撒卫星, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319954837740045304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954837765211129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839304520698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500)])]), Author(id=1319954841506529308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319954841640747038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954841506529308, language=EN, stringName=Linfeng He, firstName=Linfeng, middleName=null, lastName=He, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319954841753993247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954841506529308, language=CN, stringName=何林峰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319954837740045304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954837765211129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839304520698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500)])]), Author(id=1319954841854656545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jtlee@swpu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319954841980485668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954841854656545, language=EN, stringName=Jitao Li, firstName=Jitao, middleName=null, lastName=Li, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
2College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319954842055983141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, authorId=1319954841854656545, language=CN, stringName=李继涛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, *, address=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500
2成都信息工程大学光电工程学院,四川 成都 610225, bio={"img":"0Gxej8vUpMXdPHVD2Tyd/w==","content":"

李继涛(1992-),男,博士,IEEE Senior Member,入选“全球前2%顶尖科学家”榜单,主要从事光电子技术、微波-太赫兹技术、集成电路技术研究。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=0Gxej8vUpMXdPHVD2Tyd/w==, bioContent=

李继涛(1992-),男,博士,IEEE Senior Member,入选“全球前2%顶尖科学家”榜单,主要从事光电子技术、微波-太赫兹技术、集成电路技术研究。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319954837740045304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954837765211129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839304520698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500)]), AuthorCompany(id=1319954839455515643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839463904252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954839455515643, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839472292861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954839455515643, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2成都信息工程大学光电工程学院,四川 成都 610225)])])]
潘灿1 , 肖扬1, *, * , 伍振海1, 刘志雄1, 王荣杰1, 撒卫星1, 何林峰1, 李继涛1, 2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500
  • 2成都信息工程大学光电工程学院,四川 成都 610225
通讯作者:
李继涛,
作者简介:

潘灿,女(2002-),西南石油大学光电信息工程硕士研究生。E-mail:

肖扬(1992-),男,2022年获得四川大学博士学位,现就职于西南石油大学。E-mail:

李继涛(1992-),男,博士,IEEE Senior Member,入选“全球前2%顶尖科学家”榜单,主要从事光电子技术、微波-太赫兹技术、集成电路技术研究。E-mail:

Polarization manipulation based on non-Hermitian metasurfaces
Can Pan1 , Yang Xiao1 , Zhenhai Wu1, Zhixiong Liu1, Rongjie Wang1, Weixing Sa1, Linfeng He1, Jitao Li1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
  • 2College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
  • Corresponding Author:
出版时间: 2026-07-25 doi: 10.12086/oee.2026.260038
文章导航
收藏切换

非厄米超表面以非厄米物理为基础,打破了传统厄米系统能量守恒的框架,将增益/损耗作为核心调控自由度,基于奇异点与宇称-时间(parity−time,PT)对称特性,为光偏振态的调控提供了新的方法。这一领域以非厄米哈密顿量与时域耦合模理论为基础,当系统参数演化至奇异点时,本征值与本征态会同时简并,同时还会伴随着拓扑相位突变、非对称传输等独特效应。本文以偏振调控为对象,从系统的几何参数、偏振自由度和外场动态调控三个方面展开,对非厄米偏振超表面的理论及代表性研究成果展开综述。

非厄米  /  电磁超表面  /  偏振自由度  /  奇异点
Significance

In the rapidly developing field of modern photonics, the precise and reliable control of the light polarization state stands as a crucial and indispensable foundation that strongly supports a wide range of core technological applications, including high-speed optical communication, advanced quantum information processing, and high-resolution optical imaging systems. Conventional Hermitian optical systems typically manipulate the polarization of light through passive geometric structural design, relying on fixed physical configurations rather than active tuning mechanisms. Their inherent confinement by the fundamental law of energy conservation gives rise to notable and unavoidable drawbacks in terms of dynamic response performance, operational flexibility, and adaptability to complex working environments. Non-Hermitian physics, as an innovative and revolutionary theoretical framework, breaks through the inherent shackles of this traditional Hermitian system by introducing gain and loss as active and controllable tuning degrees of freedom into optical systems, thereby opening up new possibilities for optical manipulation.

Progress

As a promising interdisciplinary product integrating non-Hermitian physics and nanophotonics, non-Hermitian metasurfaces have rapidly emerged as a prominent and highly focused research direction in the photonics community in recent years. The theoretical foundation of non-Hermitian polarization metasurfaces is mainly established on the principles of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and the time-domain coupled-mode theory (TCMT), with their most prominent and distinctive characteristic being the existence of exceptional points (EPs), which are unique to non-Hermitian systems. When the key parameters of the optical system evolve to an exceptional point, two or more eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenstates undergo simultaneous degeneracy, a phenomenon that does not occur in traditional Hermitian systems. This degeneracy further triggers drastic and remarkable changes in the overall system responses, such as efficient chiral mode conversion, unidirectional polarization rotation, and enhanced light-matter interaction.

By fully taking advantage of the intrinsic and unique properties of exceptional points (EPs) and parity-time (PT) symmetry, such non-Hermitian metasurfaces can realize a series of advanced polarization manipulation effects that are extremely hard or even impossible to achieve with traditional optical methods. These effects include asymmetric transmission of polarized light, topological phase transitions in polarization states, and polarization-dependent mode switching, all of which have important implications for the development of next-generation optical devices.

Early research work in this emerging and promising field mainly focused on the design, fabrication, and basic performance testing of static geometric structures. Researchers successfully achieved various basic polarization control functions, such as the conversion from linear polarization to circular polarization and the precise selection of specific circular polarization states, through the rational, precise, and elaborate design of subwavelength meta-atoms with specific shapes, sizes, and orientations. By further integrating gain and loss functional materials (such as semiconductor materials and plasmonic materials) into these carefully designed geometric structures, PT-symmetric metasurfaces were successfully fabricated and characterized. A variety of novel and interesting physical effects, including polarization-dependent laser emission with high directionality and unidirectional invisibility of polarized light, were experimentally observed, measured, and verified on these specially designed PT-symmetric metasurfaces. In recent years, research efforts in this dynamic field have gradually advanced towards deeper theoretical exploration, more refined experimental manipulation, and more practical application-oriented directions. Researchers have successfully achieved precise full coverage control of arbitrary polarization states on the Poincaré sphere by introducing anisotropic meta-atoms with tailored optical properties and gradient phase distributions across the metasurface. The organic and effective combination of geometric phase effects and non-Hermitian optical phenomena has also provided strong and effective support for the implementation of practical optical functions, such as broadband polarization conversion with high efficiency, efficient vortex beam generation with controllable topological charge, and polarization-insensitive light absorption.

In the ongoing study of non-Hermitian polarization metasurfaces, a key and significant breakthrough lies in achieving independent, precise, and synchronous control of multiple polarization degrees of freedom. Specifically, based on structure-optimized coupled resonator metasurfaces with carefully designed resonant modes, researchers have successfully achieved synchronous and precise control of two key polarization parameters: polarization ellipticity and polarization orientation. After artificially introducing well-controlled non-Hermitian coupling effects between orthogonal polarization modes, polarization-dependent nonreciprocal transmission phenomena were also clearly observed and systematically studied in experiments. These phenomena are the core working mechanisms of essential photonic devices such as optical isolators and circulators in modern optical communication and quantum information systems.

To effectively overcome the inherent limitations of traditional static metasurface devices, such as their fixed performance and lack of dynamic adjustability, researchers have in recent years begun to actively explore and develop dynamically tunable non-Hermitian polarization metasurfaces. By integrating functional materials and components such as electro-optic crystals, thermo-optic polymers, and optomechanical structures into the overall metasurface design, real-time, flexible, and reversible control over gain/loss distribution and polarization response has been successfully achieved, greatly expanding the practical application scenarios of these metasurfaces.

Conclusions and Prospects

This paper focuses on the core theme of polarization control, comprehensively reviewing the relevant theoretical foundations, key experimental methods, and representative research achievements of non-Hermitian polarization metasurfaces from three important aspects: system geometric parameters optimization, polarization degrees of freedom control, and dynamic regulation by external fields. Looking ahead to the future development prospects of this exciting field, the deep and seamless integration of non-Hermitian physics with emerging advanced technologies such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, and topological photonics is expected to bring entirely new innovative breakthroughs to the study of non-Hermitian polarization metasurfaces.

non-Hermitian  /  electromagnetic metasurfaces  /  polarization degrees of freedom  /  exceptional points
潘灿, 肖扬, 伍振海, 刘志雄, 王荣杰, 撒卫星, 何林峰, 李继涛. 基于非厄米超表面的偏振调控. 光电工程, 2026 , 53 (7) : 260038 -1 . DOI: 10.12086/oee.2026.260038
Can Pan, Yang Xiao, Zhenhai Wu, Zhixiong Liu, Rongjie Wang, Weixing Sa, Linfeng He, Jitao Li. Polarization manipulation based on non-Hermitian metasurfaces[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2026 , 53 (7) : 260038 -1 . DOI: 10.12086/oee.2026.260038
在物理系统满足能量守恒及时间反演对称时,其本征值为实数,并且可以找到一组标准正交基,此时对应的哈密顿量呈厄米性。厄米性质作为量子力学与电磁学多个模型的重要基础,通常建立在系统与外部环境完全隔离的理想条件下[1]。厄米系统遵循能量守恒且通常禁止能量交换,然而实际体系往往存在能量交换与耗散,系统会与环境发生相互作用,导致能量增益或损失,这种情况下需借助非厄米哈密顿量进行描述。非厄米超表面[2-4]是以非厄米物理为基础,在最近十来年发展起来的新型超构器件。常规观点将电磁超表面的损耗看作一种不利结果,因此想尽可能地降低损耗。而非厄米超表面打破了常规设计思路,将损耗看作一种新的自由度来设计超表面功能。
相比于传统厄米系统而言,非厄米系统具有复本征值和非正交本征态等特性,并存在一类特殊简并点,即奇异点[5-7]。当系统参数演化至奇异点时,两个或多个本征值及其本征态同时简并,从而产生奇异拓扑相位、非对称传输及超灵敏响应等物理效应[8-9]。传统的偏振调控超表面,如Guo等[10]设计的自旋解耦超表面,通过将几何相位与动态相位相融合,能够实现对自旋角动量和轨道角动量的精确检测。而非厄米系统通过精确调控系统的增益与损耗,可实现对其物理特性的灵活操纵,这为偏振超表面[11-14]的性能优化开辟了新的设计维度。非厄米超表面能够通过结合偏振自由度与奇异点这两种特性,打破传统超表面的调控局限,从而实现对偏振态的任意选择,在一定程度上推动了高性能光子器件向集成化、多功能化、动态可调方向发展。本文针对偏振调控这一专门议题,详细阐述了非厄米偏振超表面的发展。
非厄米系统关联到空间变换和时间反演对称性[15-17]。其中P代表空间宇称变换、T代表时间反演变换。以一维空间为例,当宇称算符P作用于量子力学波函数$ \psi (x,t) $时,会使得该波函数翻转一个空间坐标的符号,从而得到$ P\psi (x,t)=\psi (-x,t) $。而时间反演算符T则代表逆转时间流向,对无自旋粒子而言相当于作复共轭运算,即$ T\left| \left.\psi (r)\right\rangle =\left| \left.{\psi }^{\ast }(r)\right\rangle \right.\right. $。1998年,Bender和Boettcher[18]提出,在势能为复数的条件下,如果非厄米哈密顿量相对于空间反演(P)和时间反转(T)的联合作用具有不变性(即$ \psi \left(x,t\right)={\psi }^{\ast }\left(-x,t\right) $),也可以与厄米系统一样具有实数的本征值(对应的算符称为PT对称算符)。
根据PT对称算符的特性,利用增益、损耗在空间上的对称规律,结合时域耦合模理论可以描述出谐振模场随时间的变化。时域耦合模理论[19-22](Time-domain coupled mode theory, TCMT)通过构建一组耦合常微分方程,能够将电磁系统的复杂行为简化成有限个本征模式的动力学演化过程,用以描述共振系统与外界的能量交换。我们可以借助耦合微分方程组,将PT对称性要求转化为对系统参数的约束条件。
在光学谐振器中,共振模表现为一种具有时空分布的动态电磁场,我们用a来表述动态场的电幅度,它包含时间项exp(−iωt),此时幅度的大小取决于储存在模式中的能量。对于一个理想情况下的封闭系统,它与外界无能量交换,满足总能量守恒,对此时系统的幅度a关于时间求导,则可以得到共振幅度的动态关系[23]:
$ \frac{{\mathrm{d}} {{\boldsymbol{a}}}}{{\mathrm{d}} t}=-{\mathrm{i}} {\boldsymbol{\varOmega}} {{\boldsymbol{a}}}\;, $
式中:${{\boldsymbol{\varOmega }}} $表示的是一个频率矩阵,如果系统中存在两种及以上共振模式,${{\boldsymbol{\varOmega}} } $至少为二阶矩阵。如果给该共振系统引入输入和输出端口后,那么每个模式除了可能存在的内部能量的损耗外,还会通过端口向外部辐射或衰减能量,我们用Γ来表示这种损耗率,此时谐振模与外界有能量交换,系统转换为开放系统,系统的动态关系表示为
$ \frac{{\mathrm{d}}{{\boldsymbol{a}}}}{{\mathrm{d}}t}=\left[-{\mathrm{i}}\boldsymbol{\varOmega }-{{\boldsymbol{\varGamma}} }\right]{{\boldsymbol{a}}}+{{\boldsymbol{G}}}^{{\mathrm{T}}}I \;,$
式中:I表示的是来自端口的入射波,GT为端口入射波与共振的耦合系数矩阵。式(2)就是谐振系统在时域中的耦合模理论常见形式,既描述了谐振与衰减,也包含了外部激励的作用。
对于两个耦合谐振模的系统,假设它们的共振频率分别为$ {\omega }_{01} $和$ {\omega }_{02} $,损耗率分别为$ {\gamma }_{1} $和$ {\gamma }_{2} $;这两个谐振器在近场相互作用下会发生耦合,令k为模式间的耦合参数,则可以写出系统的哈密顿量
$ {{\boldsymbol{H}}}=-{\mathrm{i}}\boldsymbol{\varOmega }-{{\boldsymbol{\varGamma}} }=\left[\begin{matrix}-{\mathrm{i}}{\omega }_{01}-{\gamma }_{1} & k\\k & -{\mathrm{i}}{\omega }_{02}-{\gamma }_{2}\end{matrix}\right]\;. $
将式(3)做简单的数学处理,即提取虚数单位i,使模式频率项变为实数,重写哈密顿量,则有:
$ {\boldsymbol{H}}={{\boldsymbol{\varOmega}} }-{\mathrm{i}}{{\boldsymbol{\varGamma}} }=\left[\begin{matrix}{\omega }_{01}-{\mathrm{i}}{\gamma }_{1} & k\\k & {\omega }_{02}-{\mathrm{i}}{\gamma }_{2}\end{matrix}\right]\;. $
注意,考虑到式(4)副对角线上的耦合参数在提取虚数单位i后仍是相同的,为方便后续讨论,模式间的耦合参数仍然写作k。求解式(4)矩阵的本征值为
$ \begin{split} \omega_{ \pm}=&\dfrac{1}{2}\Bigg[\left(\omega_{01}+\omega_{02}\right)-{\mathrm{i}}\left(\gamma_1+\gamma_2\right) \\&\pm \sqrt{4 k^2+\left[\left(\omega_{01}-\omega_{02}\right)+{\mathrm{i}}\left(\gamma_1 - \gamma_2\right)\right]^2}\Bigg]\;.\end{split} $
当$ {\omega }_{+}={\omega }_{-} $时,代表此时系统对应的两个本征值相同,若对应本征态也相同,则系统中的本征值和本征态同时简并,对应的点为系统的奇异点(exceptional point,EP)。如图 1所示,假设系统中的两个共振具有相同的频率,即$ {\omega }_{01}={\omega }_{02}={\omega }_{0} $,且系统拥有平衡的增益和损耗,即$ {\gamma }_{1}={\gamma }_{2}=\gamma $,则可构成一个最简化的、理想的PT对称模型,在此条件下得到PT对称下的哈密顿量表达为
$ \boldsymbol{H}^{PT}=\left[\begin{matrix}\omega_0-\mathrm{i}\gamma & k \\ k & \omega_0+\mathrm{i}\gamma\end{matrix}\right]. $
此时哈密顿量满足PTHPT=HPT,即对HPT做一次空间反演和时间反演操作后仍然回到HPT。此时对应的本征值为
$ {\omega }_{\pm }={\omega }_{0}\pm \sqrt{{k}^{2}-{\gamma }^{2}}\;. $
在由这些算符描述的系统中参数改变时,系统将以奇异点为临界点,分为PT对称相和PT对称破缺相。如图1(b),当$ \left| k\right| \gt \left| \gamma \right| $时,得出本征值是一对只有实数,且关于$ {\omega }_{0} $对称的数,此时系统的PT对称性保持,对应的本征态正交。而当$ \left|k\right| \lt \left|\gamma\right| $时,对应的本征值是一对共轭复数,此时系统的PT对称性被破坏,对应的本征态为非正交。在奇异点处,$ \left| k\right| =\left| \gamma \right| $,系统的耦合强度等于它的损耗/增益强度,在此点上对应的本征态和本征值同时简并,电磁响应会在此处发生突变。在偏振调控领域,奇异点处的本征偏振态会发生简并[24],如图 1(c),传统研究中,这种简并态多为圆偏振态(即庞加莱球的两极),而随着研究的不断深入,人们已经成功实现了对任意偏振态的奇异点分布,包括线偏振和椭圆偏振,能够完整覆盖整个庞加莱球面,这一成果极大地拓展了非厄米偏振超表面的应用范围。
上述非厄米理论体系为超表面偏振调控提供了全新的理论基础,而传统厄米超表面在偏振本征态的调控方面早有研究。以Guo等[25]的连续环形孔径超表面研究为例,他们通过琼斯矩阵分析了圆偏振光与径向偏振光之间的转换关系,揭示了各向异性结构的空间取向对如何直接对几何相位进行调制。这一研究从实验上证实了超表面亚波长结构参数与光学相位之间存在直接的对应关系,为非厄米超表面能够构建等效哈密顿量并实现偏振调控提供了物理基础。传统厄米系统的调控高度依赖于结构参数的调控,而非厄米超表面则通过引入增益损耗与构建奇异点突破了这一限制,但传统研究中关于相位协同调控的思路,依然为非厄米超表面的设计提供了重要的参考思路。
在非厄米偏振超表面的研究领域中,通过改变超表面单元的几何构型、排布方式与物理尺寸[26-28],或者在系统中引入增益介质和损耗介质,能够实现对系统的模式耦合强度、损耗分布及手性特性的调节控制。无论是通过衬底增益调控来改变系统奇异点的空间分布特性,还是利用光激发等方式动态调节材料的损耗率,增益-损耗调控都大幅提升了非厄米超表面的功能可定制性。在传统的光学系统设计中,为了获得强烈的手性光学响应,人们通常选择设计复杂的三维螺旋或倾斜纳米结构。Oh等[29]借助非厄米系统中奇异点处本征值和本征态会同时发生简并这一特性,通过引入增益与损耗,设计了一种非厄米超表面。这一超表面的单元结构(如图 2(a))为金和银的两个等离子体纳米棒谐振器正交放置组成,再将这些单元结构进行二维周期性排列后放置在增益衬底上,就组成了最终设计的超表面。值得注意的是,这两个等离子纳米棒在空间上并不是根据中心对称排布,而是存在一个预设的横向偏移,从而引入平面手性。接着他们根据时域耦合模理论,确定了在手性异常点处能够观察到具有零本征值的完全非对称偏振转换所需要的条件,然后利用金和银这两种材料在目标波段的复介电常数的差异,获得差异化的固有损耗率。在参数空间内,通过对入射光频率与衬底增益率的调节,就可以观测到系统的零本征值奇异点。在奇异点零本征值的状态下,两个正交谐振模式会因为强耦合而发生简并,同时它们对应的偏振本征态会坍缩为单一的圆偏振态。这一超表面的平面手性结构,使得它的完全非对称偏振转换效应具有传播方向依赖性,即正向入射和反向入射会分别对应不同的转换旋向偏好,从而在透射谱中获得接近理论极限的圆二色性响应。综上所述,Oh等[29]所设计的这一超表面,融合了差异损耗材料、可控增益介质和非对称几何耦合,在非厄米系统的奇异点处构建了一个偏振选择性的拓扑奇异点,将增益-损耗平衡、模式简并和手性响应结合起来,在亚波长尺度实现了高效率、高对比度的偏振操控。
1900年,德国柏林大学教授马克斯·普朗克提出了黑体辐射理论[30],随后迎来了一场量子革命。在随后的几十年里,一系列杰出的物理学家基于厄米算符代数,逐步建立了量子物理的理论体系[31-34]。在近一个世纪后,随着非厄米哈密顿理论的提出,量子理论具有了能够满足PT对称性和实频谱的特性,量子理论框架在此基础上进一步得到了拓展[35]。尽管非厄米PT对称量子理论在概念上已取得突破,但PT对称性在量子物理中的完整内涵及其应用,仍然是当前研究的前沿课题。针对太赫兹超表面在偏振空间中的PT对称破缺这一现象,通过利用光的矢量特性以及人工超原子固有的各向异性,Lawrence等[36]于2014年首次设计了一种具有偏振空间PT对称性的超表面(如图 3(a))。这一太赫兹非厄米超表面由周期性排列的超分子单元构成,而它的每个单元包含两个具有完全相同的共振频率开口环谐振器。这两组谐振环分别采用损耗特性完全不同的金属材料(银与铅)制备,这两种材料的选取使得在无需引入主动光学增益的被动条件下,就能够实现对PT对称性所要求的耗散对比。同时这两组谐振环的正交取向使其能够独立探测来自每组天线的辐射场。在这个超表面中,通过改变开口环谐振器的间距,就能够实现对非厄米参数的调控,从而观测到偏振空间中PT对称性的完整相变过程。谐振器之间的间距决定了两个正交谐振环之间的近场耦合强度,从而根据耦合强度与谐振器固有的损耗差异的关系控制系统的相变情况。当耦合强度远远大于耗散差异时,系统处于PT对称性未破缺相位,此时的本征模式会在耦合作用下发生频率分裂,在偏振态上表现为一对旋转方向相同、椭圆长轴沿系统对称轴方向的椭圆偏振光。当系统的耦合强度与损耗差异达到特定的平衡条件时,系统会达到奇异点状态。此时系统的两个本征偏振态会合并为单一的圆偏振态,同时它们对应的本征值也发生简并。这一现象在透射谱中具体表现为两个共振峰的完全融合。如果继续增大谐振器之间的间距,使耦合强度低于系统的损耗差异,系统将自发地进入宇称-时间对称破缺相。在此相位中,两个本征模式拥有相同的共振频率,但呈现出明显不同的衰减速率。与此同时,对应的本征偏振态也发生突变,分别演化为长轴沿x方向和y方向分布的椭圆偏振态。Lawrence等[36]利用太赫兹超表面这一高度可控的平台,首次在实验中观测到了偏振空间内的PT对称性破缺相变,并成功观察到了奇异点处的非厄米本征态简并的现象。
在太赫兹波段的非厄米超表面偏振调控中,Lang等[37]则进一步将拓扑超表面与表面等离激元结合(如图 4(a)),实现了自旋解耦的波前调控。该研究团队选择手性双开口环谐振器作为超原子的核心单元,通过调控结构参数打破平面对称性,从而成功构建出非厄米奇异点。异常拓扑相位(ET相位)能够围绕奇异点实现全范围的相位覆盖,同时对圆偏振光表现出明显的手性选择性。利用ET相位的这一特性,他们采用ET相位与潘查拉特纳姆-贝里相位(PB相位)在左旋圆偏振(left-handed circularly polarized,LCP)通道中协同完成调制,而在右旋圆偏振(right-handed circularly polarized,RCP)通道中仅留下单一的PB相位调制,此时PB相位的符号与LCP通道相反,从相位调控的层面实现了偏振通道的有效解耦。结合ET相位与PB相位的非对称调制特性,他们还建立了基于二维惠更斯-菲涅耳原理的相位设计方程,对超原子的旋转角和ET相位进行精准调控,成功实现了LCP与RCP通道的独立双相位工程。这一研究中的非厄米偏振调控突破了传统厄米系统的偏振调控局限,基于奇异点的拓扑特性实现了单一单元结构层面的圆偏振非对称响应。
单向无反射效应[38]是非厄米系统奇异点处具有的典型特征之一,对于实现单向光子器件具有重要的意义。在传统方法中,想要实现单向无反射效应,通常需要系统具备严格的PT对称性,并实现增益与损耗的精确平衡,然而这样的要求在实际操作中往往很难达成。相比之下,在非厄米超表面中,即使不满足PT对称性,也可以通过直接优化结构参数来构建奇异点,从而更为直接地实现单向无反射效应。基于此,Gao等[39]提出了一种基于双层互补Z形铜结构的偏振敏感射频超表面(如图 5(a))。这种超表面以FR-4为介质基板,上层和下层的铜箔图案呈旋转互补排布。这样的结构具备各向异性,使系统能够具有手性特征,从而对不同偏振的入射光能够实现差异化响应。基于耦合模理论,他们建立了一个双端口系统模型,推导出散射矩阵与反射系数的关系式,并将反射不对称因子定义为奇异点的判定依据。根据推导的结果对超表面的几何参数进行调节优化,就能够在损耗辅助系统中成功构建奇异点。在奇异点处,系统对x偏振的入射光呈现理想的反向无反射特性,而对y偏振的入射光则表现出正向无反射响应。经进一步研究后发现,当入射光的偏振角度被调节到一个特定值时,就能够在两个不同的特征频率下同时观测到双向的单向无反射现象。他们的研究使得在没有严格平衡增益与损耗的条件下,仅仅通过调控结构参数改变系统损耗分布就可以实现基于奇异点的单向无反射效应,这为开发非互易滤波器与完美吸收器等集成光子器件提供了可行的实验方案。
拓扑相位的固有鲁棒性为偏振调控提供了抗干扰解决方案,而在奇异点波长附近,圆偏振光之间的转换伴随2π相位变化[40-41],且该特性不受闭合路径影响,为拓扑保护型偏振器件设计奠定了基础。在2021年Song等[42]首次提出了环绕奇异点的拓扑相位调控策略。该团队采用金属底层-介电层-金属结构层三层结构的等离子拓扑超表面(如图 6(a)),金属底层负责阻挡透射光,保证超表面仅在反射模式下工作,结构层由“L”型纳米结构与直纳米棒近场耦合的结构单元排列成二维手性结构阵列构成。通过改变“L”型纳米结构与直纳米棒的几何参数,来调控复系数的值,在复平面空间内实现几何参数环绕奇异点产生2π的相位累积,结合PB相位实现了偏振通道的完全独立控制。如果简并本征态为右旋圆偏振,则只保留右旋圆偏光,另一偏振转换通道消失,在此处得到零点,符合完美吸收情况。奇异点处表面电流分布的手性响应是对称非厄米顿量中特殊点的固有属性,可以使得两种圆偏振之间的转换具有不对称性,同时对实现偏振相关反射率有关键作用。根据拓扑保护,只要在参数空间内环绕奇异点运动,运动的闭合路径不会影响反射相位图的2π相位变化。这一研究通过在参数空间环绕S矩阵的奇异点,实现拓扑保护的2π相位分布,为光学频率下的线性和非线性拓扑电磁场控制提供了巨大的研究机会。
在超表面编码[43]方面,近年提出了一种离散反射相位二进制编码的方式,将“0”和“1”作为编码基元,成为了电磁波调控的替代方案。然而基于相位编码超表面的圆偏振光独立调控技术仍然存在较大的问题,特别是关于交叉偏振的方向转换这一方面。对于线偏光而言,通过改变超表面单元结构的几何参数,就能够实现相对容易的调控,而要实现圆偏光的调控仍面临着一定的困难。ET相位调控的出现为相位调控提供了更多可选择的方法,这一方法还能够与传统相位控制结合使用,极大地拓展了超表面的设计与应用场景。基于ET相位调控这一方法,Li等[44]提出了一种满足PT对称性的超表面结构,PT对称超表面的奇异点具有一种特性,即在参数空间中,以任意闭合路径围绕奇异点就可以累积获得$ 2\pi $的相位变化,而且这种相位与传统的PB相位不存在耦合干扰。他们设计的超表面结构由两层损耗性铝层和一层二氧化硅间隔层构成(如图 7(b))。其中金属基底层能够抑制电磁波的透射,使超表面工作于反射模式,表层的手性结构阵列可以分别被x和y方向的偏振波激发。基于这一超表面,他们通过选取奇异点附近的两组编码单元,分别定义为二进制编码的“0”和“1”,当右旋圆偏振光入射时,由于系统中存在奇异点,那么两组编码单元间会产生π相位延迟,且反射振幅基本一致,而左旋圆偏振光入射时,系统不存在奇异点,两组编码单元的相位值则相同。通过这样的差异,就可以实现对圆偏振光的独立编码。这种采用复合相位编码的超表面能够实现对右旋圆偏振光和左旋圆偏振光的独立调控,简化了传统相位编码超表面的结构设计与相位计算流程,在光束偏转和多光束生成等应用场景中表现出良好性能。
光学中的手性材料或结构能够对左圆偏振光和右圆偏振光表现出不同的响应结果,形成圆二色性等现象[45-46]。在非厄米偏振超表面中,奇异点处的手性响应源于系统本征态的简并特性,从理论上来讲,奇异点处的本征态应收敛为单一圆偏振态,此时超表面会对这个单一圆偏振态表现出极强的选择性响应[47-48]。而由于转换分量和平行分量共存,实现理想的圆二色性仍然具有挑战性。因此,Li等[49]提出了一种由正交取向纳米谐振器组成并具有局域增益的PT对称有源超表面(如图 8(a)),通过调控谐振器之间的耦合强度和增益-损耗比,实现了PT对称相变和超手征奇异点。他们发现在非厄米系统中,除了奇异点曲线,还存在另一条独立的参数曲线,在这条曲线上,两个平行透射分量同时为零。在超手性奇异点处,只存在着一个圆偏振透射分量,既能达成近理想的圆偏振转换二色性与圆二色性,同时还伴随着透射波的相位突变翻转。光在正向入射和反向入射条件下会呈现相反的手性特征,从而实现单向光学隐身效应。在满足超表面单元在y轴方向具有二阶旋转对称性的C2y结构中,能够观测到具有线性偏振特征的拓扑相变点,这类特殊点可用于实现接近理想性能的圆偏振转换器件。最终,通过协同利用超手性奇异点与拓扑相变点,可以实现对庞加莱球面上任意偏振态的系统性调控。
除了利用超表面的几何结构与材料特性对系统的偏振态进行物理调控外,偏振自由度本身也是一种可以主动设计的调控变量[50-53]。庞加莱球对光的偏振态的精准调控在传感、成像、通信等领域具有重要意义[54]。传统偏振调控器件(如偏振器、波片)存在集成度低、功能单一、调控维度有限等缺陷,而超表面的出现为偏振与相位的协同调控提供了平台。超表面能够提供对偏振连续的分布环境,在非厄米系统中特定参数导致光谱简并的奇异点处,具有偏振特性。根据光偏振和庞加莱球的关系,Qin等[55]通过操纵庞加莱球上的光态,实现了任意偏振态的奇异点调控(如图 9(c))。在普遍的散射矩阵形式中,奇异点表现为矩阵非对角项中某一项的零强度光谱点,可以调控两个偏振本征态之间的偏振转换。传统系统中,由于对称性限制,琼斯矩阵的非对角项相等,导致奇异点s的本征态只能是圆偏振。而该研究引入外在手性和不对称基变换,提出在计算Jones矩阵的本征值和本征向量时,如果可以独立控制琼斯矩阵的所有四个元素,则可以实现任意极化的简并本征态。通过琼斯矩阵中的斜入射和局部基变换,琼斯矩阵的非对角项被解耦,调控相关的参数,就可以精确控制本征态的偏振位置在庞加莱球上的分布。通过引入外在手性和不对称基变换,独立控制琼斯矩阵的四个元素,使本征态偏振位置可在庞加莱球上任意分布,突破了传统偏振调控的对称性束缚。
利用非厄米系统中奇异点处本征态简并的特性,能够实现独特的非对称调控[56-57]。基于奇异点的这一特性,Yang等[58]提出了一种镜像对称的微纳结构单元组成的等离子体非厄米超表面(如图 10(a)),通过对纳米结构几何形状施加镜像对称变换,可以使得超表面获得一对可控的奇异点。这对奇异点具有相反旋向性,使LCP和RCP成为了两个可以独立调控的自由度。在解耦两条圆偏振通道的基础上,由于任意偏振态均可分解为LCP和RCP的叠加,通过对两组圆偏振分量的振幅、相位差进行调控,就可以在庞加莱球上实现任意偏振态的调控,还可以控制偏振态的方位角和椭圆角,使本征态在庞加莱球上的分布突破传统圆偏振束缚,覆盖整个二维偏振空间。这一研究解决了传统的单一奇异点调控维度有限的问题,为任意偏振态的非对称矢量波前调制提供了通用方案,进一步拓展了拓扑光子学在高精度偏振调控领域的应用边界。
在光子学领域,奇异点附近的超灵敏响应已成为设计高性能传感器的核心原理。现有的非厄米系统主要利用奇异点附近的本征值分裂,设计相关的具有多种光子结构的高性能传感器。但是本征值的分裂不仅来自奇异点附近的超敏感干扰,还可能产生于制备过程中产生的误差,而制备误差会使得系统的整体性能下降,根据扰动下的特征值变化无法很好地衡量奇异点附近传感器的整体性能。为了解决这一问题,Shi等[59]通过引入偏振自由度来调控非厄米系统奇异点的产生、位置和特性等。当偏振光照射到传感器结构上时(如图 11),会激发结构产生共振,如果光的偏振方向和结构共振适配方向不一致,那么光和结构之间的能量传递效率就会发生改变。根据这一耦合效率变化,可以构建由两个具有相似的谐振频率,但固有损耗不同的正交谐振器组成的耦合超表面系统,通过偏振调控损耗建立起一个有效哈密顿量,通过求解这个共振结构的本征值,可以得到入射偏振光状态与耦合系统透射相位之间的关系,并观察到在偏振空间中的相位奇异点,而这个奇异点可以有效抵制制备误差。
偏振自由度调控与直接修改超表面结构或材料的传统方法不同,这种技术采用输入参数调控输出响应的调控模式,具有非侵入性、实时响应和过程可逆等重要优点。通过调整入射光偏振角度可实现单向无反射与双向反射效应的动态切换,通过匹配入射偏振态与超表面共振方向,能有效抑制制备误差对传感器性能的干扰。偏振自由度调控实现了入射光参数与超表面特性的深度融合,这显著拓展了非厄米超表面的功能维度和应用范围,为设计灵活可控的偏振器件提供了新的技术路径。
当前人们对非厄米偏振超表面的研究仍主要集中于静态体系。这类超表面的结构参数决定其所具备的光学响应特性,一旦经过了制备阶段,就不再具有灵活的偏振调控功能。动态外场调控技术的引入,为非厄米偏振超表面的功能拓展提供了全新的途径。动态主动调控超表面可以实现对参数空间的实时控制,从而完成在单一器件内精确测量奇异点,并监测奇异点附近的光与物质相互作用的过程。目前主动调控非厄米超表面的实际研究仍局限于太赫兹波段[60-62],通过将拓扑调控与动态调控相结合,Ding等[63]提出了一种电控非厄米超表面平台(如图 12(a)),这个平台由玻璃基底上的二维对称破缺手性金超原子阵列和薄膜压电微机电系统反射镜组合而成。通过施加电压可以精确控制超原子与微机电系统反射镜之间的空气间隙,空气间隙的大小影响着共振模式的耦合强度,实现对非厄米系统参数的动态控制。通过调节电压的大小,可以在系统中观测到奇异点和魔点(diabolic point,DP)。在奇异点处存在唯一的本征态,即左旋圆偏振态。如果用右旋圆偏振光入射,此时的反射光是左旋圆偏振和右旋圆偏振两个分量的叠加。如果用左旋圆偏光入射,在反射光的偏振态保持不变的情况下,左旋圆偏振光到右旋圆偏振光的偏振转换过程会被完全抑制。当入射偏振态被调节至特定的条件,反射光中的两个左旋圆偏振分量会发生相消干涉,使得最后所有的入射光都被转换为右旋圆偏振态。而当左旋圆偏振光的共偏振分量的反射系数趋近于0时,可以将这个非厄米超表面当作一个理想的左旋圆偏振光吸收器。同时,它还会将右旋圆偏振光反射并转换为正交偏振态,从而实现显著的圆二色性。在魔点处,本征值发生简并,而对应的本征态则保持正交。当左旋圆偏振光和右旋圆偏振光入射时,交叉偏振反射效应会同时消失。经过他们对空气间隙连续变化过程中偏振演化的研究发现,在特定波长处,如果入射光为左旋圆偏振光,无论如何调节驱动电压,交叉偏振反射系数始终趋近于0。而以右旋圆偏振光入射时,输出的偏振态则会由右旋圆偏振的共偏振和交叉偏振分量叠加而成,此时的偏振演化轨迹在庞加莱球上呈现为一条不规则的闭合曲线。通过调节电压的大小,还可以对这共偏振和交叉偏振的强度进行调制。
在圆偏振热辐射调控研究领域[64],传统的热辐射源通常具有宽带特性,在发射时缺乏方向性与偏振选择性,这使得其难以满足红外传感、手性识别等应用对高相干性与自旋选择性的实际需求。当前已经有部分研究通过设计扭曲纳米结构或构建对称破缺超表面来实现圆偏振辐射,然而这些方法常存在着结构复杂、相干性不足或圆二色性较弱等问题。基于这些问题,根据手性平带与耦合谐振器光波导效具有独特的色散特性,能够在体系中实现辐射相干性与收集效率,为这一领域的发展提供了新的理论路径,它能够有效拓展超表面在热辐射调控中的应用范围。Sun等[65]设计了一种基于单斜晶格的Z形平面非局域超表面结构。这种结构采用金-氧化铝-锗的三明治构型(如图 13(b)),通过将直波导阵列沿垂直于其长度的方向进行周期性偏移,有效打破了结构的镜面对称性并形成单斜晶格,从而获得稳定的手性光学响应。通过调整偏移量的取值,可以实现符号相反的发射圆二色性,从而灵活切换左旋和右旋圆偏振输出,实现了自旋选择性调控。通过对结构偏移量精确调控,还可以有效地调节导模共振的Q因子。同时,利用临界耦合条件能够平衡系统的辐射损耗与吸收损耗,从而显著增强圆二色性响应。这一平面的结构简单,在宽波矢范围能够保持稳定的手性响应,不需要多层堆叠或倾斜刻蚀的复杂结构,也可以实现基于准连续域束缚态的手性调控,为高性能集成化圆偏振热辐射源的研制提供了实用方案。
近年来非厄米物理中存在的单向隐身[66]、不对称切换[67]、增强传感[68]和环绕奇异点的相位拓扑[69]等独特的物理现象,使其在光子学领域取得快速发展。但金属超表面受到材料本征特性的限制,在增益材料的筛选与集成方面面临较大挑战。针对这一问题,He等[70]在耦合模理论的基础上设计了一种由非晶锗(Ge)薄膜和图案化金属超表面构成的复合系统(如图14(b))。这一锗杂化非厄米超表面的单胞由一根y向的金属切割线和一对嵌在Ge膜x方向间隙的开口环谐振器组成,这样的结构能够支持两个正交取向的谐振模式。如果对这一结构的几何形状和组成材料进行适当的调节,能够实现对切割金属线和开口环谐振器的谐振频率和损耗率的操控,从而能够完成从PT对称相到PT对称破缺相的相变过程。通过调节电导率,还能够调节谐振器沿x方向的损耗,实现连续可调耗散损耗,再结合太赫兹时域光谱的技术支持,可以确定二维参数空间中奇异点的位置。利用奇异点附近手征维度缺失所引发的极强偏振不对称特性,就可以实现从线偏振到圆偏振的高效率转换。这种方法通过损耗自由度的调控成功构建了非厄米哈密顿体系,为全光调控的超快太赫兹器件发展提供了创新思路。
动态外场调控是非厄米偏振超表面领域的一项高阶调控技术。这一调控技术综合了结构参数调控、增益-损耗调控及偏振自由度调控的基本原理,使得超表面的设计具有了可重构性、自适应性与智能化调控能力,是推动非厄米超表面从实验室研究向实际工程应用转化的关键技术。基于压电微机电反射镜的电控拓扑相变,以及利用热光效应实现的光谱扫描,都展现了动态外场调控能够突破传统被动超表面功能固定的限制,为发展下一代高性能动态偏振器件及智能光子芯片提供了核心技术支持。
本文综述了近年来非厄米偏振超表面领域的部分代表性研究成果,结合相关的研究背景和核心问题,详细阐释了不同的研究人员基于非厄米超表面实现的对偏振态的调控方法。这些研究以非厄米哈密顿理论为基础,围绕PT对称性和系统的结构与参数等非厄米超表面的特性展开。通过调控系统的几何参数、材料的损耗和结构耦合强度等,对超表面的结构进行不同的设计,最终实现了对偏振态和相变的调控。
这类研究成果覆盖从太赫兹到可见光的宽广波段,不仅突破了对传统偏振调控的对称性束缚与功能局限,还满足了对偏振操控多样化、高精度的需求。而不同电磁波段的非厄米超表面也具有不同的发展特征与相应的技术挑战。太赫兹频段的超表面加工难度较低,增益和损耗的调控方式也很成熟。在这一波段最早实现了非厄米效应的实验验证,相关研究主要围绕PT对称相变、奇异点调控和动态偏振器件展开。目前已经实现了单向无反射传输和高灵敏传感等功能,不过受太赫兹光源、探测器性能,以及增益介质带宽的限制,该频段目前仍以基础物理探索为主,在实用化的片上集成方案仍然需要进一步完善。而微波频段的传输损耗低、稳定性强,这一频段的超表面加工工艺比较成熟,正慢慢向实际工程应用推进,大多用在偏振相关的滤波器、吸收器和抗干扰器件设计上。通过优化超表面的结构,能够有效控制特定的偏振态。但受限于波长,相关器件难以实现微型化设计,很难满足高密度集成的需求,奇异点相关的拓扑特性在复杂环境下的稳定性仍需改善。而可见光与近红外波段的非厄米超表面,重点放在纳米级的精准调控上。这一频段的超表面在低损耗介质结构和多相位协同设计方面已经取得了一些进展,能够实现偏振态多路复用、矢量光场精准调控等功能,在量子光学和生物成像领域有很大的应用潜力。只是这类结构对制备精度要求特别高,而且增益材料的兼容性和稳定性不够好,使得多数器件还是静态设计,动态调控速度和宽带响应能力还有不小的差距。
从太赫兹到可见光频段,非厄米超表面的应用场景不断拓展,但制备精度、动态调控、系统集成等技术瓶颈仍需持续突破。未来,通过与量子光学、片上集成光子学、机器学习等前沿技术的深度融合,非厄米超表面有望在高速光通信、量子信息处理、超灵敏传感等领域实现颠覆性创新,成为下一代光子器件的核心支撑技术。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
Sakurai J J, Napolitano J. Modern Quantum Mechanics[M]. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108587280.
2
Yu N F, Capasso F. Flat optics with designer metasurfaces[J]. Nat Mater, 2014, 13(2): 139−150.
3
Yang F, Prasad C S, Li W, et al. Non-Hermitian metasurface with non-trivial topology[J]. Nanophotonics, 2022, 11(6): 1159−1165.
4
Fan H Y, Luo J. Research progress of non-Hermitian electromagnetic metasurfaces[J]. Acta Phys Sin, 2022, 71(24): 247802. https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20221706.
5
Xu H, Mason D, Jiang L Y, et al. Topological energy transfer in an optomechanical system with exceptional points[J]. Nature, 2016, 537(7618): 80−83.
6
Kato T. Perturbation Theory for Linear Operators[M]. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66282-9.
7
Mostafazadeh A. Pseudo-Hermiticity versus PT symmetry: the necessary condition for the reality of the spectrum of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian[J]. J Math Phys, 2002, 43(1): 205−214.
8
唐原江, 梁超, 刘永椿. 宇称-时间对称与反对称研究进展[J]. 物理学报, 2022, 71(17): 171101.
Tang Y J, Liang C, Liu Y C. Research progress of parity-time symmetry and anti-symmetry[J]. Acta Phys Sin, 2022, 71(17): 171101.
9
Dembowski C, Gräf H D, Harney H L, et al. Experimental observation of the topological structure of exceptional points[J]. Phys Rev Lett, 2001, 86(5): 787−790.
10
Guo Y H, Zhang S C, Pu M B, et al. Spin-decoupled metasurface for simultaneous detection of spin and orbital angular momenta via momentum transformation[J]. Light Sci Appl, 2021, 10(1): 63.
11
Khan H Z, Zafar J, Jabbar A. Advancements in metasurfaces for polarization control: a comprehensive survey[J]. Next Res, 2025, 2(3): 100407.
12
王皓萱, 何彦霖, 祝航威, 等. 超表面偏振器件研究进展与展望[J]. 光电工程, 2024, 51(8): 240095.
Wang H X, He Y L, Zhu H W, et al. Research progress and prospects of metasurface polarization devices[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2024, 51(8): 240095.
13
Li J, Lu X G, Li H, et al. Racemic dielectric metasurfaces for arbitrary terahertz polarization rotation and wavefront manipulation[J]. Opto-Electron Adv, 2024, 7(10): 240075.
14
Nan T, Zhao H, Guo J Y, et al. Generation of structured light beams with polarization variation along arbitrary spatial trajectories using tri-layer metasurfaces[J]. Opto-Electron Sci, 2024, 3(5): 230052.
15
Makris K G, El-Ganainy R, Christodoulides D N, et al. Beam dynamics in PT symmetric optical lattices[J]. Phys Rev Lett, 2008, 100(10): 103904.
16
Rüter C E, Makris K G, El-Ganainy R, et al. Observation of parity-time symmetry in optics[J]. Nat Phys, 2010, 6(3): 192−195.
17
Longhi S. PT symmetry and antisymmetry by anti-Hermitian wave coupling and nonlinear optical interactions[J]. Opt Lett, 2018, 43(16): 4025−4028.
18
Bender C M, Boettcher S. Real spectra in non-Hermitian Hamiltonians having PT symmetry[J]. Phys Rev Lett, 1998, 80(24): 5243−5246.
19
K. Takata, N. Roberts, A. Shinya, et al. Non-Hermitian Temporal Coupled-Mode Theory: Effects of Imaginary Couplings on Exceptional Points[C]//Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2021, Washington, DC, United States, November 1-4, 2021: FM2E.1.
20
A. Yariv. Coupled-mode theory for guided-wave optics[J]. IEEE J Quantum Electron, 1973, 9(9): 919−933.
21
Fan S H, Suh W, Joannopoulos J D. Temporal coupled-mode theory for the Fano resonance in optical resonators[J]. J Opt Soc Am A, 2003, 20(3): 569−572.
22
Ishimaru A. Wave Propagation and Scattering in Random Media[M]. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1978. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374701-3.X5001-7.
23
姚建铨, 李继涛, 张雅婷, 等. 周期光学系统中的连续域束缚态[J]. 中国光学(中英文), 2023, 16(1): 1−23.
Yao J Q, Li J T, Zhang Y T, et al. Bound states in continuum in periodic optical systems[J]. Chin Opt, 2023, 16(1): 1−23.
24
Hassan A U, Zhen B, Soljačić M, et al. Dynamically encircling exceptional points: exact evolution and polarization state conversion[J]. Phys Rev Lett, 2017, 118(9): 093002.
25
Guo Y H, Pu M B, Zhao Z Y, et al. Merging geometric phase and Plasmon retardation phase in continuously shaped metasurfaces for arbitrary orbital angular momentum generation[J]. ACS Photonics, 2016, 3(11): 2022−2029.
26
Li A D, Wei H, Cotrufo M, et al. Exceptional points and non-Hermitian photonics at the nanoscale[J]. Nat Nanotechnol, 2023, 18(7): 706−720.
27
Nie R X, He C H, Zhang R X, et al. Vanadium dioxide-based terahertz metasurfaces for manipulating wavefronts with switchable polarization[J]. Opt Laser Technol, 2023, 159: 109010.
28
Park J H, Ndao A, Cai W, et al. Symmetry-breaking-induced plasmonic exceptional points and nanoscale sensing[J]. Nat Phys, 2020, 16(4): 462−468.
29
Oh D, Baek S, Lee S, et al. Complete asymmetric polarization conversion at zero-eigenvalue exceptional points of non-Hermitian metasurfaces[J]. Nanophotonics, 2024, 13(24): 4409−4416.
30
Planck M. Ueber das gesetz der energieverteilung im normalspectrum[J]. Ann Phys, 1901, 309(3): 553−563.
31
Heisenberg W. Über quantentheoretische umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer beziehungen[J]. Z Phys, 1925, 33(1): 879−893.
32
Schrödinger E. Quantisierung als eigenwertproblem[J]. Ann Phys, 1926, 384(6): 489−527.
33
D C G. The principles of quantum mechanics[J]. Nature, 1935, 136(3437): 411−412.
34
Planck M. Über eine verbesserung der wienschen spektralgleichung[M]//Schöpf H G. Von Kirchhoff bis Planck: Theorie der Wärmestrahlung in Historisch-Kritischer Darstellung. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1978: 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-13885-3_15.
35
von Neumann J. Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics[M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400889921.
36
Lawrence M, Xu N N, Zhang X Q, et al. Manifestation of PT symmetry breaking in polarization space with terahertz metasurfaces[J]. Phys Rev Lett, 2014, 113(9): 093901.
37
Lang Y H, Xu Q, Xu G H, et al. Topological metasurface for spin-decoupled wavefront manipulation of terahertz surface plasmons[J]. Laser Photonics Rev, 2025, 19(4): 2401281.
38
Yin X B, Zhang X. Unidirectional light propagation at exceptional points[J]. Nat Mater, 2013, 12(3): 175−177.
39
Gao F, Yuan P C, Sun Z Y, et al. Experimental demonstration of the non-Hermitian radio frequency metasurface with polarization-dependent unidirectional reflectionless propagation[J]. Adv Photonics Res, 2022, 3(8): 2200019.
40
Yi C, Wang Z J, Shi Y Y, et al. Creating topological exceptional point by on-chip all-dielectric metasurface[J]. Light Sci Appl, 2025, 14(1): 262.
41
Bergholtz E J, Budich J C, Kunst F K. Exceptional topology of non-Hermitian systems[J]. Rev Mod Phys, 2021, 93(1): 015005.
42
Song Q H, Odeh M, Zúñiga-Pérez J, et al. Plasmonic topological metasurface by encircling an exceptional point[J]. Science, 2021, 373(6559): 1133−1137.
43
Cui T J, Qi M Q, Wan X, et al. Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials[J]. Light Sci Appl, 2014, 3(10): e218.
44
Li Y C, Wan S C, Deng S X, et al. Independent control of circularly polarized light with exceptional topological phase coding metasurfaces[J]. Photonics Res, 2024, 12(3): 534−542.
45
Oh S S, Hess O. Chiral metamaterials: enhancement and control of optical activity and circular dichroism[J]. Nano Converg, 2015, 2(1): 24.
46
Barron L D. Molecular Light Scattering and Optical Activity[M]. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511535468.
47
Kolkowski R, Kovaios S, Koenderink A F. Pseudochirality at exceptional rings of optical metasurfaces[J]. Phys Rev Res, 2021, 3(2): 023185.
48
Baek S, Park S H, Oh D, et al. Non-Hermitian chiral degeneracy of gated graphene metasurfaces[J]. Light Sci Appl, 2023, 12(1): 87.
49
Li H J, Yang G X, Jiang A W, et al. Manifestation of super chiral exceptional points in a plasmonic metasurface[J]. Photonics Res, 2024, 12(12): 2863−2872.
50
Li G X, Zhang S, Zentgraf T. Nonlinear photonic metasurfaces[J]. Nat Rev Mater, 2017, 2(5): 17010.
51
Rubin N A, Zaidi A, Juhl M, et al. Polarization state generation and measurement with a single metasurface[J]. Opt Express, 2018, 26(17): 21455−21478.
52
Manion G N, Stokkermans T J. Polarization of Light[M]. StatPearls Publishing, 2023.
53
Goldberg A Z. Quantum theory of polarimetry: from quantum operations to Mueller matrices[J]. Phys Rev Res, 2020, 2(2): 023038.
54
Dennis M R, Alonso M A. Swings and roundabouts: optical Poincaré spheres for polarization and Gaussian beams[J]. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci, 2017, 375(2087): 20150441.
55
Qin H Y, Yang Z J, Huang P S, et al. Sphere of arbitrarily polarized exceptional points with a single planar metasurface[J]. Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1): 2656.
56
El-Ganainy R, Makris K G, Khajavikhan M, et al. Non-Hermitian physics and PT symmetry[J]. Nat Phys, 2018, 14(1): 11−19.
57
Özdemir Ş K, Rotter S, Nori F, et al. Parity–time symmetry and exceptional points in photonics[J]. Nat Mater, 2019, 18(8): 783−798.
58
Yang Z J, Huang P S, Lin Y T, et al. Creating pairs of exceptional points for arbitrary polarization control: asymmetric vectorial wavefront modulation[J]. Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1): 232.
59
Shi X T, Lin H, Liu T T, et al. Polarization-controlled non-Hermitian metasurfaces for ultra-sensitive terahertz sensing[J]. Laser Photonics Rev, 2025, 19(14): 2500172.
60
Shaltout A M, Shalaev V M, Brongersma M L. Spatiotemporal light control with active metasurfaces[J]. Science, 2019, 364(6441): eaat3100.
61
Yang Y H, Yamagami Y, Yu X B, et al. Terahertz topological photonics for on-chip communication[J]. Nat Photonics, 2020, 14(7): 446−451.
62
Wang D C, Zhang L C, Gu Y H, et al. Switchable ultrathin quarter-wave plate in terahertz using active phase-change metasurface[J]. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 15020.
63
Ding F, Deng Y D, Meng C, et al. Electrically tunable topological phase transition in non-Hermitian optical MEMS metasurfaces[J]. Sci Adv, 2024, 10(5): eadl4661.
64
Overvig A C, Mann S A, Alù A. Thermal metasurfaces: complete emission control by combining local and nonlocal light-matter interactions[J]. Phys Rev X, 2021, 11(2): 021050.
65
Sun K L, Yang B X, Cai Y J, et al. Circularly polarized thermal emission driven by chiral flatbands in monoclinic metasurfaces[J]. Sci Adv, 2025, 11(31): eadw0986.
66
Mueller J P B, Rubin N A, Devlin R C, et al. Metasurface polarization optics: independent phase control of arbitrary orthogonal states of polarization[J]. Phys Rev Lett, 2017, 118(11): 113901.
67
Zhang X L, Yu F, Chen Z G, et al. Non-Abelian braiding on photonic chips[J]. Nat Photonics, 2022, 16(5): 390−395.
68
Mao W B, Fu Z T, Li Y H, et al. Exceptional-point-enhanced phase sensing[J]. Sci Adv, 2024, 10(14): eadl5037.
69
Papangeli I, Kim J, Maier I, et al. MicroRNA 139-5p coordinates APLNR-CXCR4 crosstalk during vascular maturation[J]. Nat Commun, 2016, 7: 11268.
70
He W B, Hu Y Z, Ren Z H, et al. Transient loss-induced non-Hermitian degeneracies for ultrafast terahertz metadevices[J]. Adv Sci, 2023, 10(36): 2304972.
2026年第53卷第7期
PDF下载
129
53
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.12086/oee.2026.260038
  • 接收时间:2026-02-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-07-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-03
  • 修回日期:2026-04-20
  • 录用日期:2026-04-24
基金
作者信息
    1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500
    2成都信息工程大学光电工程学院,四川 成都 610225

通讯作者:

参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/oee/CN/10.12086/oee.2026.260038
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏