Article(id=1319954825844999069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, issueId=1319954807939515170, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12086/oee.2026.260038, pmid=null, cstr=32245.14.oee.2026.260038, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1770048000000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-03, revisedDate=1776614400000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-20, acceptedDate=1776960000000, acceptedDateStr=2026-04-24, onlineDate=1792631354055, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1784908800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792631354055, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792631354055, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792631354055, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319954807939515170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, year='2026', volume='53', issue='7', pageStart='250354', pageEnd='1', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784908800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792631349786, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792720386185, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320328253928222956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, issueId=1319954807939515170, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320328253928222957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, issueId=1319954807939515170, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=260038, endPage=1, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319954826163766174, articleId=1319954825844999069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, language=EN, title=Polarization manipulation based on non-Hermitian metasurfaces, columnId=1279512304261776153, journalTitle=Opto-Electronic Engineering, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Significance In the rapidly developing field of modern photonics, the precise and reliable control of the light polarization state stands as a crucial and indispensable foundation that strongly supports a wide range of core technological applications, including high-speed optical communication, advanced quantum information processing, and high-resolution optical imaging systems. Conventional Hermitian optical systems typically manipulate the polarization of light through passive geometric structural design, relying on fixed physical configurations rather than active tuning mechanisms. Their inherent confinement by the fundamental law of energy conservation gives rise to notable and unavoidable drawbacks in terms of dynamic response performance, operational flexibility, and adaptability to complex working environments. Non-Hermitian physics, as an innovative and revolutionary theoretical framework, breaks through the inherent shackles of this traditional Hermitian system by introducing gain and loss as active and controllable tuning degrees of freedom into optical systems, thereby opening up new possibilities for optical manipulation.
Progress As a promising interdisciplinary product integrating non-Hermitian physics and nanophotonics, non-Hermitian metasurfaces have rapidly emerged as a prominent and highly focused research direction in the photonics community in recent years. The theoretical foundation of non-Hermitian polarization metasurfaces is mainly established on the principles of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and the time-domain coupled-mode theory (TCMT), with their most prominent and distinctive characteristic being the existence of exceptional points (EPs), which are unique to non-Hermitian systems. When the key parameters of the optical system evolve to an exceptional point, two or more eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenstates undergo simultaneous degeneracy, a phenomenon that does not occur in traditional Hermitian systems. This degeneracy further triggers drastic and remarkable changes in the overall system responses, such as efficient chiral mode conversion, unidirectional polarization rotation, and enhanced light-matter interaction.
By fully taking advantage of the intrinsic and unique properties of exceptional points (EPs) and parity-time (PT) symmetry, such non-Hermitian metasurfaces can realize a series of advanced polarization manipulation effects that are extremely hard or even impossible to achieve with traditional optical methods. These effects include asymmetric transmission of polarized light, topological phase transitions in polarization states, and polarization-dependent mode switching, all of which have important implications for the development of next-generation optical devices.
Early research work in this emerging and promising field mainly focused on the design, fabrication, and basic performance testing of static geometric structures. Researchers successfully achieved various basic polarization control functions, such as the conversion from linear polarization to circular polarization and the precise selection of specific circular polarization states, through the rational, precise, and elaborate design of subwavelength meta-atoms with specific shapes, sizes, and orientations. By further integrating gain and loss functional materials (such as semiconductor materials and plasmonic materials) into these carefully designed geometric structures, PT-symmetric metasurfaces were successfully fabricated and characterized. A variety of novel and interesting physical effects, including polarization-dependent laser emission with high directionality and unidirectional invisibility of polarized light, were experimentally observed, measured, and verified on these specially designed PT-symmetric metasurfaces. In recent years, research efforts in this dynamic field have gradually advanced towards deeper theoretical exploration, more refined experimental manipulation, and more practical application-oriented directions. Researchers have successfully achieved precise full coverage control of arbitrary polarization states on the Poincaré sphere by introducing anisotropic meta-atoms with tailored optical properties and gradient phase distributions across the metasurface. The organic and effective combination of geometric phase effects and non-Hermitian optical phenomena has also provided strong and effective support for the implementation of practical optical functions, such as broadband polarization conversion with high efficiency, efficient vortex beam generation with controllable topological charge, and polarization-insensitive light absorption.
In the ongoing study of non-Hermitian polarization metasurfaces, a key and significant breakthrough lies in achieving independent, precise, and synchronous control of multiple polarization degrees of freedom. Specifically, based on structure-optimized coupled resonator metasurfaces with carefully designed resonant modes, researchers have successfully achieved synchronous and precise control of two key polarization parameters: polarization ellipticity and polarization orientation. After artificially introducing well-controlled non-Hermitian coupling effects between orthogonal polarization modes, polarization-dependent nonreciprocal transmission phenomena were also clearly observed and systematically studied in experiments. These phenomena are the core working mechanisms of essential photonic devices such as optical isolators and circulators in modern optical communication and quantum information systems.
To effectively overcome the inherent limitations of traditional static metasurface devices, such as their fixed performance and lack of dynamic adjustability, researchers have in recent years begun to actively explore and develop dynamically tunable non-Hermitian polarization metasurfaces. By integrating functional materials and components such as electro-optic crystals, thermo-optic polymers, and optomechanical structures into the overall metasurface design, real-time, flexible, and reversible control over gain/loss distribution and polarization response has been successfully achieved, greatly expanding the practical application scenarios of these metasurfaces.
Conclusions and Prospects This paper focuses on the core theme of polarization control, comprehensively reviewing the relevant theoretical foundations, key experimental methods, and representative research achievements of non-Hermitian polarization metasurfaces from three important aspects: system geometric parameters optimization, polarization degrees of freedom control, and dynamic regulation by external fields. Looking ahead to the future development prospects of this exciting field, the deep and seamless integration of non-Hermitian physics with emerging advanced technologies such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, and topological photonics is expected to bring entirely new innovative breakthroughs to the study of non-Hermitian polarization metasurfaces.
, authors=Can Pan
1, Yang Xiao
1, Zhenhai Wu
1, Zhixiong Liu
1, Rongjie Wang
1, Weixing Sa
1, Linfeng He
1, Jitao Li
1, 2, authorsList=Can Pan, Yang Xiao, Zhenhai Wu, Zhixiong Liu, Rongjie Wang, Weixing Sa, Linfeng He, Jitao Li, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yang Xiao, Jitao Li, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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非厄米超表面以非厄米物理为基础,打破了传统厄米系统能量守恒的框架,将增益/损耗作为核心调控自由度,基于奇异点与宇称-时间(parity−time,PT)对称特性,为光偏振态的调控提供了新的方法。这一领域以非厄米哈密顿量与时域耦合模理论为基础,当系统参数演化至奇异点时,本征值与本征态会同时简并,同时还会伴随着拓扑相位突变、非对称传输等独特效应。本文以偏振调控为对象,从系统的几何参数、偏振自由度和外场动态调控三个方面展开,对非厄米偏振超表面的理论及代表性研究成果展开综述。
, authors=潘灿
1, 肖扬
1, *, *, 伍振海
1, 刘志雄
1, 王荣杰
1, 撒卫星
1, 何林峰
1, 李继涛
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10(36): 2304972., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319954837740045304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954837765211129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839304520698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954837740045304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1西南石油大学理学院,四川 成都 610500)]), AuthorCompany(id=1319954839455515643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839463904252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954839455515643, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319954839472292861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, companyId=1319954839455515643, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2成都信息工程大学光电工程学院,四川 成都 610225)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1319954844488679470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Schematic of the PT-symmetric system and its phase transition. (a) Schematic diagram of the PT-symmetric system; (b) Evolution of the real part Re (ω) and imaginary part Im (ω) of the eigenfrequency versus the gain-loss ratio; (c) Mode evolution trajectories at different stages of the phase transition, figureFileSmall=xuiRJVKWuRVzwCrkKJMiYQ==, figureFileBig=YxxNBpcGCIm6bOAEhS762A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954844589342767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
PT对称系统的相变过程。(a) PT对称的定义;(b)本征值随参数的演化轨迹;(c)不同相变阶段的模式演化轨迹, figureFileSmall=xuiRJVKWuRVzwCrkKJMiYQ==, figureFileBig=YxxNBpcGCIm6bOAEhS762A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954844790669360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Design and polarization conversion characteristics of a gain-assisted non-Hermitian chiral metasurface for complete asymmetric polarization conversion (CAPC)[29]. (a) Schematic of the metasurface unit cell. The yellow structure denotes the gain-assisted resonator, and the gray structure represents the passive resonator;(b) Schematic illustrating the working principle of direction-dependent CAPC. RCP is converted to LCP under forward propagation, whereas LCP incidence is completely suppressed under backward propagation;(c) Circular dichroism for transmission (CDT) in a two-parameter space;(d) Polarization state mapping on the Poincaré sphere, figureFileSmall=jVVs6taSbDLIMW+8y2NY4w==, figureFileBig=IpNRd8888BPOpGJLhO3Ivg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954844870361137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
完全非对称偏振转换(CAPC)的增益型非厄米手性超表面的设计及其偏振转换特性[29]。(a)超表面单元结构示意图,黄色结构为增益型谐振器,灰色结构为无源谐振器;(b)方向依赖型完全非对称偏振转换的工作原理示意图,正向传播时实现RCP到LCP的转换,反向传播时LCP入射被完全抑制;(c)双参数双参数空间中的圆偏振转换差(CDT);(d)庞加莱球上的偏振态映射, figureFileSmall=jVVs6taSbDLIMW+8y2NY4w==, figureFileBig=IpNRd8888BPOpGJLhO3Ivg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954844958441522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Principle and experimental realization of PT-symmetric metasurfaces[36]. (a) Schematic of a non-Hermitian metasurface with a mirror symmetry plane, where surface plasmon polaritons exhibit symmetric distributions on both sides;(b) Photograph of a PT-symmetric metasurface composed of silver and lead split-ring resonators;(c) Evolution trajectories of polarization eigenstates on the Poincaré sphere;(d-h) Schematic diagrams of polarization state evolution, figureFileSmall=mfj4inCRYUF4bexP594ekA==, figureFileBig=VbFhhGX2KznvskISvVAD4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845038133299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
PT对称超表面的原理与实验实现[36]。(a)具有镜像对称面的非厄米超表面示意图,表面等离子体激元在两侧呈现对称分布;(b)基于银和铅开口环谐振器的PT对称超表面样品扫描电镜图与周期单元尺寸标注;(c)庞加莱球上的偏振本征态演化轨迹;(d-h) PT相变过程中模式演化示意图, figureFileSmall=mfj4inCRYUF4bexP594ekA==, figureFileBig=VbFhhGX2KznvskISvVAD4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845117825076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Structural design and exceptional point characteristics of terahertz non-hermitian topological metasurfaces[37]. (a) Conceptual schematic of terahertz surface plasmon polariton spin-decoupled wavefront manipulation by a topological metasurface; (b) Schematic of chiral double-split ring resonator unit; (c) Schematic of multilayer structure of the free-standing topological metasurface; (d) Microscopic top-view image of chiral double-split ring resonator array; (e-h) Azimuthal and ellipticity distributions of eigenstates in the non-Hermitian system, where the purple star marks the position of the non-Hermitian exceptional point (EP) with eigenstate degeneracy; (i-l) Amplitude and phase distributions of cross circularly polarized reflection channels; (m) Reflection spectra of different circularly polarized reflection channels; (n) Evolution of eigenstate ellipticity with frequency, figureFileSmall=si9YQIKWn+c5uJNRBfcl/A==, figureFileBig=v98MU5Fm402+OpKOxhBHhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845193322549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
太赫兹非厄米拓扑超表面的结构设计与奇异点响应特性[37]。(a) 拓扑超表面对太赫兹表面等离激元实现自旋解耦波前调控的物理示意图;(b) 手性双开口谐振环单元几何结构;(c) 自支撑型超表面多层介质剖面结构;(d) 谐振环阵列显微俯视形貌;(e-h) 非厄米体系本征态的方位角、椭偏角二维分布,紫色星点标识本征态简并奇异点;(i-l) 交叉圆偏振反射分量的振幅与相位空间分布;(m) 不同圆偏振通道反射率的频域响应曲线;(n) 两类电场本征态椭偏角随频率的演化规律,曲线尖峰对应奇异点工作频率, figureFileSmall=si9YQIKWn+c5uJNRBfcl/A==, figureFileBig=v98MU5Fm402+OpKOxhBHhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845260431414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Design, simulation, and fabrication of chiral metasurfaces[39]. (a) Unidirectional reflectionless propagation path in the metasurface; (b) 3D simulation model of the metasurface, where yellow denotes copper resonators and cyan denotes the FR-4 dielectric substrate; (c) Structural design of the chiral unit cell with key geometric parameters labeled; (d, e) Top and bottom views of the fabricated sample, respectively, consisting of a 10×10 unit array, figureFileSmall=FajkigqOm9Mm/8sGoClFvg==, figureFileBig=zG4PsN69LSnf/lUIfIVOLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845340123191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
手性超表面的设计[39]。(a) 超表面中的单向无反射传播路径;(b) 超表面的三维仿真模型,其中黄色表示铜谐振器,青色表示FR-4介电基板;(c) 手性单元胞的结构设计; (d, e) 制备样品的顶视图和底视图,该样品由10×10个单元阵列组成, figureFileSmall=FajkigqOm9Mm/8sGoClFvg==, figureFileBig=zG4PsN69LSnf/lUIfIVOLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845419814968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Design and phase modulation principle of topological metasurfaces[42]. (a) 3D and top views of the chiral metasurface unit, showing the multilayer metal-dielectric structure and key geometric parameters; (b-d) Superposition design of ET phase and PB phase; (e-g) Realization of the final metasurface and its independent control capability for circularly polarized light, figureFileSmall=JrHigVGKSxUR73u+dDxKcg==, figureFileBig=EIWbeO71XvnXOHOIOVcgZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845503701049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
拓扑超表面的设计与相位调制原理[42]。(a) 手性超表面单元的三维视图和俯视图,展示了多层金属-介质结构及关键几何参数; (b-d) ET相位与PB相位的叠加设计;(e-g) 最终超表面的实现及其对圆偏振光的独立控制能力, figureFileSmall=JrHigVGKSxUR73u+dDxKcg==, figureFileBig=EIWbeO71XvnXOHOIOVcgZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845583392826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Encoded metasurface combining ET phase and PB phase[44]. (a, b) Top and 3D schematics of the metasurface unit; (c) Superposition principle of 2-bit coding sequences; (d) Far-field scattering patterns of the 1-bit encoded metasurface under RCP and LCP incidence; (e) Far-field scattering patterns of the 2-bit encoded metasurface under RCP and LCP incidence, figureFileSmall=oRj1DDiR0DqCc78p7GzGIg==, figureFileBig=LOTl4tHZ6Y7IuRSrvqul+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845671473211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
结合ET相位和PB相位的编码超表面[44]。(a, b)超表面单元的顶视图和三维示意图;(c) 2位编码序列的叠加原理;(d) 1位编码超表面在RCP和LCP入射下的远场散射图;(e) 2位编码超表面在RCP和LCP入射下的远场散射图, figureFileSmall=oRj1DDiR0DqCc78p7GzGIg==, figureFileBig=LOTl4tHZ6Y7IuRSrvqul+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845797302332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Design and characteristics of an exceptional point-based non-Hermitian metasurface[49]. (a) Structure and key dimensions of the metasurface;(b,c) Distributions of complex eigenvalues in the parameter space; (d) Unidirectional invisibility, showing asymmetric transmission behavior for waves incident from opposite directions; (e) Polarization conversion, enabling efficient transformation between different circular polarization states, figureFileSmall=Y/5Cx+YLJ2gW63D9oq9r9w==, figureFileBig=JphxwR3IUETf/UE1vscehQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954845893771325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
基于奇异点的非厄米超表面结构设计与功能特性[49]。(a) 超表面周期单元构型与关键几何尺寸标注;(b, c) 复本征值实部、虚部在双参数空间内的分布曲面,曲面交汇点对应光学奇异点;(d) 单向隐身效应示意图,该结构对正反入射电磁波呈现非对称传输响应;(e) 偏振转换功能示意,可实现左旋、右旋圆偏振光之间的高效相互转换, figureFileSmall=Y/5Cx+YLJ2gW63D9oq9r9w==, figureFileBig=JphxwR3IUETf/UE1vscehQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954846002823230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Realization of exceptional point coverage over the entire Poincaré sphere[55]. (a) Statistical distribution of exceptional points in a random non-Hermitian system; (b) Evolution of the Jones matrix and transition of exceptional point types; (c) Working mechanism of extrinsic chiral metasurfaces: oblique incidence combined with first-order diffraction introduces chiral responses in asymmetric multilayer structures, providing degrees of freedom for arbitrarily polarized exceptional points; (d-f) Evolution of exceptional points under wavelength tuning, figureFileSmall=5/BhV0VGolF0Z59qgN+WWQ==, figureFileBig=5F7C+GwQm2maE9gAdy82rA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954846103486527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
全庞加莱球奇异点s覆盖的实现[55]。(a) 随随机非厄米系统中奇异点的统计分布;(b) 琼斯矩阵演化与奇异点类型转变;(c) 外禀手性超构表面工作原理图。通过斜入射结合一阶衍射,在非对称多层结构中引入手性响应,为任意偏振奇异点提供自由度;(d-f) 波长调控下的奇异点演化, figureFileSmall=5/BhV0VGolF0Z59qgN+WWQ==, figureFileBig=5F7C+GwQm2maE9gAdy82rA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954846183178304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Polarization-modulated metasurface based on PB phase and mirror-symmetric structures[58]. (a) 3D schematic of a reflective chiral meta-atom; (b, c) Surface current distributions of the meta-atom and its mirror-symmetric structure under x-polarized electric field excitation; (d, e) Polarization modulation mechanism of a single structure; (f) Metasurface design for full-polarization reconstruction, figureFileSmall=vBuX5rjU07AjoIrUxi5oHQ==, figureFileBig=/3JKTRvfDWJdT95zZX3xWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954846254481473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
基于PB相位和镜像对称结构的偏振调控超表面[58]。(a)反射型手性超原子的三维结构示意图;(b, c)超原子及其镜像对称结构在x方向电场激励下的表面电流分布;(d, e)单一超原子阵列的偏振转换特性;(f)融合超原子及其镜像对称结构的复合超构表面,可重构任意椭圆偏振, figureFileSmall=vBuX5rjU07AjoIrUxi5oHQ==, figureFileBig=/3JKTRvfDWJdT95zZX3xWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954846317396034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Experimental system, structural parameters and simulation of sensing characteristics for the non-Hermitian terahertz metasurface sensor[59].(a) Schematic of the terahertz sensing experimental system and core physical mechanism; (b) Structure of the metasurface sensing unit cell; (c) Distributions of group delay as functions of refractive index and polarization angle; (d) Transmission phase spectra at different polarization angles; (e) Group delay curves at a specific refractive index; (f, g) Distributions of group delay as functions of thickness and polarization angle, figureFileSmall=dEehbJUUOzMKiz5vdrvi4g==, figureFileBig=KpxNHDg47k+YUpSXbogj6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954846388699203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
非厄米太赫兹超表面传感器的实验系统、结构参数与传感特性仿真[59]。(a)太赫兹传感实验系统与核心物理机制示意图;(b)超表面传感单元的结构;(c)群延迟随折射率与偏振角的分布;(d)不同偏振角下的透射相位谱;(e)特定折射率下的群延迟曲线;(f, g)群延迟随厚度与偏振角的分布, figureFileSmall=dEehbJUUOzMKiz5vdrvi4g==, figureFileBig=KpxNHDg47k+YUpSXbogj6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954846451613764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
Structure, topological phase transition and polarization evolution characteristics of an electrically tunable non-Hermitian MEMS metasurface[63].(a) Schematic of the topological phase transition (exceptional point → diabolic point). The left panel shows the exceptional point state, where the reflection eigenstates degenerate into a single circularly polarized state; the right panel shows the DP state, where the reflection eigenstates reduce to orthogonal polarization states, demonstrating the voltage control of the system’s exceptional point; (b) Geometric parameter labeling of the chiral meta-atom; (c) Co-polarized and cross-polarized reflection spectra as functions of the applied voltage; (d) Poincaré sphere representation of the reflected polarization state under LCP incidence; (e, f) Optical characteristics at the exceptional point state; (g) Eigenstate evolution at the exceptional point state; (h, i) Optical characteristics at the diabolic point state; (j) Eigenstate evolution at the diabolic point state, figureFileSmall=nEKySG4xf77yrNaO5gCIFA==, figureFileBig=ZJQSujYb5AZ2D3wFUL/TSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954846539694149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
电可调非厄米MEMS超表面的结构、拓扑相变与偏振演化特性[63]。(a)拓扑相变(奇异点→魔点DP)的物理示意图,左图为奇异点状态,反射本征态简并为单一圆偏振态;右图为DP状态反射本征态退化为正交偏振态,体现电压对系统奇异点的调控作用;(b)手性超原子的几何参数标注;(c)超表面的分层结构示意图;(d)反射率随驱动电压的变化;(e, f)奇异点状态下的光学特性;(g)奇异点状态下的本征态演化;(h, i) DP状态下的光学特性;(j) DP状态下的本征态演化, figureFileSmall=nEKySG4xf77yrNaO5gCIFA==, figureFileBig=ZJQSujYb5AZ2D3wFUL/TSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954846631968838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=
Schematic of the experimental setup and physical characteristics of a monoclinic non-Hermitian polarization metasurface[65]. (a) Angle-resolved polarization measurement setup; (b, c) Temperature-dependent thermal emission spectra for LCP and RCP modes, showing chiral asymmetric emission; (d, e) Real-part distributions of the electric field in k-space, figureFileSmall=nb6VqSpyHF2VdsiV8p7A0A==, figureFileBig=yBXscRxH7aNg7LkSNDbBpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954846703272007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
单斜型非厄米偏振超构表面的实验光路与手性光学特性[65]。(a) 角分辨偏振热辐射测试系统;(b, c) 左旋、右旋圆偏振模式随温度变化的热辐射光谱,体现手性不对称发射;(d, e) 动量空间内电场实部分布, figureFileSmall=nb6VqSpyHF2VdsiV8p7A0A==, figureFileBig=yBXscRxH7aNg7LkSNDbBpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954848355827784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=
Optically pumped Ge-hybrid non-Hermitian metasurface[70]. (a) Schematic of the device functionality; (b, c) Polarization transmission characteristics at the exceptional point; (d-f) Time evolution of the chiral transmission amplitude; (g-i) Time evolution of the chiral transmission phase, figureFileSmall=PhOwt9XouFt0lObBRD8Xyg==, figureFileBig=v6OOpWuw4W2qCJxt/c2/2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319954848456491081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319954825844999069, language=CN, label=图14, caption=
基于光泵浦的锗杂化非厄米超表面[70]。(a) 锗混合超构表面工作原理示意图;(b,c) 奇异点处的偏振传输特性;(d-f) 手性传输幅值的时间演化;(g-i) 手性传输相位的时间演化, figureFileSmall=PhOwt9XouFt0lObBRD8Xyg==, figureFileBig=v6OOpWuw4W2qCJxt/c2/2A==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1278641367198941188, delFlag=0, nameCn=光电工程, nameEn=Opto-Electronic Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1003-501X, eissn=2097-4019, cn=51-1346/O4, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=4Vimkd+qXLWNxtdpr9mFNw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Opto-Electronic Engineering, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1782781457950, updatedTime=1784021784694, 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