Article(id=1319955301353239418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, issueId=1319955013183586630, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12086/oee.2026.250342, pmid=null, cstr=32245.14.oee.2026.250342, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762617600000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-09, revisedDate=1773331200000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-13, acceptedDate=1773936000000, acceptedDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineDate=1792631467426, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1779724800000, pubDateStr=2026-05-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792631467426, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792631467426, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792631467426, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319955013183586630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, year='2026', volume='53', issue='5', pageStart='250216', pageEnd='1', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779724800000', pubDateStr='2026-05-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792631398721, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792631398721, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=250342, endPage=1, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319955303089681275, articleId=1319955301353239418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, language=EN, title=Sinusoidal fringe image acquisition method based on line shifted binary focused projection, columnId=1279511634116841602, journalTitle=Opto-Electronic Engineering, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective In fringe projection profilometry (FPP), the speed of fringe projection and image acquisition is a critical parameter determining the efficiency of three-dimensional measurement. Therefore, the rapid acquisition of fringe images has become an important research focus. Conventional methods based on DLP typically require a projector to occupy 255 pulse cycles for projection and rely on temporal integration imaging with a camera to obtain a single 8-bit sinusoidal fringe image. For phase-shifting (PS) algorithms that require at least three fringe images, this process is considerably time-consuming and fails to fully utilize the maximum refresh rate of the projector, making it difficult to meet the demands of dynamic 3D measurement. Moreover, the nonlinear responses of the projector and camera in traditional method introduce significant measurement errors, thereby reducing the overall measurement accuracy. To address these issues, this paper proposes a sinusoidal fringe image acquisition method based on line-shifted binary focusing projection.
Methods The core of this paper is to propose a binary focused projection method based on line-shifted encoding to achieve efficient acquisition of sinusoidal fringe images. First, a line-shifted encoding strategy adapted to binary focused projection is proposed to realize the refined design of even-numbered binary encoded patterns. Within any period of the binary pattern, only one column is encoded as a normalized grayscale value of 1, and all other columns are assigned a value of 0. As the number of projection steps increases, different vertical patterns are projected one by one, and the encoded column set to a grayscale value of 1 switches column by column along the horizontal direction until it covers all horizontal columns in the projector's imaging plane. Second, a targeted sinusoidal fringe synthesis model is constructed to complete the accurate conversion of binary patterns into standard sinusoidal fringe images. This model is based on the principle of weighted grayscale superposition, assigns corresponding weights according to the contribution of each binary image in fringe synthesis, and synthesizes m binary encoded patterns into n standard sinusoidal fringe images with arbitrary steps through grayscale superposition operations. On this basis, a phase-shift algorithm is used to accurately extract phase information, and complementary gray codes are combined to assist in phase unwrapping, achieving high-precision and high-speed three-dimensional measurement.
Results and Discussions To systematically verify the performance of the proposed method, three groups of controlled experiments are designed and conducted in this paper, with detailed experimental contents and results as follows: i) Performance verification experiment; it shows that as the coding period increases, the measurement accuracy gradually improves and tends to be stable when the period is 16 pixels. ii) Static comparison experiment; it shows that the measurement accuracy of the proposed method is significantly better than that of the binary defocus method, and slightly better than that of the traditional sinusoidal fringe projection method and the bitwise projection method. iii) Dynamic comparison experiment; it shows that the proposed method is suitable for dynamic measurement scenarios. Compared with the binary defocus method, although the proposed method needs to project more patterns, the measurement accuracy is significantly improved. Compared with the bitwise projection method, the proposed method can still achieve further improvement in accuracy under the condition that the number of fringe patterns is reduced by 63.64%. Compared with the traditional sinusoidal fringe projection method, although the number of required patterns is increased, since the digital projector can project binary patterns at a rate of thousands of frames per second, which is much higher than the hundred-frame level speed of projecting 8-bit sinusoidal fringes, the overall projection efficiency of the system is still effectively improved while ensuring the reconstruction accuracy.
Conclusions In conclusion, this paper proposes a method for acquiring sinusoidal images based on line-shifted binary focused projection. This method performs focused projection on the encoded binary patterns and combines the constructed sinusoidal image synthesis model to synthesize multiple binary images into high-quality sinusoidal fringe images, thereby achieving the rapid acquisition of sinusoidal images. Verified by comprehensive comparative experiments under both static and dynamic scenarios, the proposed method can fully exploit the limit of the projector’s refresh rate and meet the application requirements of dynamic three-dimensional (3D) measurement. It not only significantly improves the 3D measurement speed, but also effectively suppresses the nonlinear errors of the measurement system, thereby further optimizing the measurement accuracy.
, authors=Jiancheng Qiu
1, Zhangsheng Li
1, Yuyang Xiong
1, Changchun Zheng
1, Gaoxu Wu
1, 2, authorsList=Jiancheng Qiu, Zhangsheng Li, Yuyang Xiong, Changchun Zheng, Gaoxu Wu, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Gaoxu Wu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Opto-Electronic Engineering. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319955314481411037, articleId=1319955301353239418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, language=CN, title=基于线移二值聚焦投影的正弦条纹图像获取方法, columnId=1279511637858160772, journalTitle=光电工程, columnName=科研论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
在条纹投影轮廓术中,条纹图像的投影与采集速度是决定三维测量效率的核心参数,因此如何快速获取条纹图像已成为目前的研究热点。基于DLP投影仪的传统方法需要投影仪占用255个脉冲周期进行投影,并依赖相机时间积分成像,以获取单帧8位正弦条纹图像。对于至少需要三帧图像的相移算法,该过程耗时显著,未充分发挥投影仪刷新率的极限,难以满足动态三维测量的需求。此外,传统方法中投影仪与相机的非线性响应会引入明显的测量误差,从而降低整体测量精度。针对上述问题,本文提出一种基于线移二值聚焦投影的正弦条纹图像获取方法。该方法仅需16个脉冲周期,即可获取任意相移步数的正弦图案,并在此基础上提取相位信息,实现三维形貌测量。通过静态和动态的综合实验对比,结果表明所提方法不但显著提高了三维测量速度,而且有效抑制了三维测量系统的非线性误差,进一步提高了测量精度。
, authors=邱建城
1, 黎章生
1, 熊雨扬
1, 郑常椿
1, 吴高旭
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作者贡献
邱建城:负责方法研究与可行性分析,实验方案设计,完成动态对比实验,论文写作;黎章生:负责文献的调研,测量系统搭建,二值图案编码程序的撰写;熊雨扬:负责文献调研和分析,完成性能验证实验;郑常椿:负责文献调研和分析,静态对比实验;吴高旭:指导论文选题、论文修改。
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1: 666–673. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.1999.791289., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319955314707903454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319955314716292063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, companyId=1319955314707903454, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangxi University of science and technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319955314724680672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, companyId=1319955314707903454, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1江西理工大学机电工程学院,江西 赣州 341000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1319955316419179489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319955316435956706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, companyId=1319955316419179489, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319955316444345315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, companyId=1319955316419179489, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2上海大学材料科学与工程学院,上海 200444)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1319955318705074181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Diagram of image acquisition process. (a) Patterns coding; (b) Patterns line shifting; (c) Images acquisiting, figureFileSmall=1jzlvbpblNiEnviDSBWpYA==, figureFileBig=bAtVazHNdeHzgW9NN3SeQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955318772183046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
图像获取过程示意图。(a) 图案编码;(b) 图案线移;(c)图案采集, figureFileSmall=1jzlvbpblNiEnviDSBWpYA==, figureFileBig=bAtVazHNdeHzgW9NN3SeQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955318965121031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Schematic diagram of binary pattern encoding strategy, figureFileSmall=PUUG0eJCPp5VwZo3q295bQ==, figureFileBig=JiLs847DXw4kQ5ycvVyVqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955319023841288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
二值图案编码策略示意图, figureFileSmall=PUUG0eJCPp5VwZo3q295bQ==, figureFileBig=JiLs847DXw4kQ5ycvVyVqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955319086755849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Sine image synthesis process based on synthesis model, figureFileSmall=Oz1nMuPbh0ShGbGNOCRfjw==, figureFileBig=Sb7yLMhst67iv6q6xXNV2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955319149670410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
基于合成模型的正弦图像合成过程, figureFileSmall=Oz1nMuPbh0ShGbGNOCRfjw==, figureFileBig=Sb7yLMhst67iv6q6xXNV2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955319212584971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
The process of the proposed method, figureFileSmall=nFJqGh7BI4+HBe0/dUFO9g==, figureFileBig=hgdOrnbpqqY4hOHvmdRToA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955320881917965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
所提方法的实现流程, figureFileSmall=nFJqGh7BI4+HBe0/dUFO9g==, figureFileBig=hgdOrnbpqqY4hOHvmdRToA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955321045495823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Schematic diagram of measurement system, figureFileSmall=LpYw/4VCx/4wQO8CX33ekA==, figureFileBig=z6zSHW36WLCyAjfU5obwUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955321150353424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
测量系统示意图, figureFileSmall=LpYw/4VCx/4wQO8CX33ekA==, figureFileBig=z6zSHW36WLCyAjfU5obwUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955321276182545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
The reconstruction process of the proposed method. (a) Line scan patterns; (b) Gray patterns; (c) Sin images; (d) Wrapped phase; (e) Fringe series; (f) Complementary gray code assisted phase unwrapping; (f) Absolute phase; (h) 3D result, figureFileSmall=jlsLgkzIldgSjEy/ldEhuA==, figureFileBig=pN4VGZ4YG+xD0CCP+Cj7IA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955321351680018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
所提方法的重建过程。 (a)线移图案; (b)格雷码图案; (c)正弦图像; (d)包裹相位; (e)条纹级数; (f)互补格雷码辅助相位展开; (g)绝对相位; (h) 3D结果, figureFileSmall=jlsLgkzIldgSjEy/ldEhuA==, figureFileBig=pN4VGZ4YG+xD0CCP+Cj7IA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955321410400275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Experimental results of standard board measurement. (a) Wrapped phase and phase error using fringes with different periods; (b) 3D results and 3D error using fringes with different periods, figureFileSmall=8FWEcx75uH8JFRB29/L16w==, figureFileBig=3cbYIGufFRJY+3gD6mNmcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955321573978132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
标准平板测量的实验结果。 (a)采用不同周期的条纹提取出的包裹相位及其相位误差; (b)采用不同周期的条纹重建的3D结果及其3D误差, figureFileSmall=8FWEcx75uH8JFRB29/L16w==, figureFileBig=3cbYIGufFRJY+3gD6mNmcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955321662058517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Schematic diagram of the variation trends of phase error and 3D error, figureFileSmall=C1W7paUsiGDbKMBfRft1gQ==, figureFileBig=7R/MRd/cUoFqQ7TFceNIYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955321741750294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
相位误差和3D误差的变化趋势示意图, figureFileSmall=C1W7paUsiGDbKMBfRft1gQ==, figureFileBig=7R/MRd/cUoFqQ7TFceNIYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955321808859159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Static measurement results of binary defocus method, Traditional sinusoidal fringe projection method, bitwise projection method and proposed method. (a) Wrapped phase and phase error; (b) 3D results and 3D error, figureFileSmall=DTfmj1qXi+mFbBAE066BdQ==, figureFileBig=v5adpsO3cdQ+uMAH6CcmnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955321892745240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
二值离焦法、传统正弦条纹投影法、逐位投影法以及所提方法的静态测量结果。 (a)包裹相位及其相位误差; (b) 3D结果及其3D误差, figureFileSmall=DTfmj1qXi+mFbBAE066BdQ==, figureFileBig=v5adpsO3cdQ+uMAH6CcmnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955321959854105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Measurement results of gear operation. (a) The binary line shift images; (b) Sine images; (c) The wrapped phase; (d) 3D reconstructed results, figureFileSmall=921b6GfhT3XiA6ljIXIDwQ==, figureFileBig=gp0AskU0Sxkc1ovXh7VRhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955322018574362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
齿轮运行的测量结果。 (a)二值线移图像; (b)正弦图像; (c)包裹相位; (d)三维重建结果, figureFileSmall=921b6GfhT3XiA6ljIXIDwQ==, figureFileBig=gp0AskU0Sxkc1ovXh7VRhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319955322077294619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Comparison of edge errors among the four methods
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Item | Binary defocus method | Traditional sinusoidal fringe projection method | Bitwise projection method | Proposed method |
|---|
| Phase error/rad | Maximum error | 0.2712 | 0.2303 | 0.2085 | 0.2014 |
| Minimum error | −0.1750 | −0.1585 | −0.1486 | −0.1068 |
| Average error | 0.0145 | 0.0127 | 0.0211 | 0.0114 |
| Depth error/mm | Maximum error | 0.4589 | 0.3317 | 0.2614 | 0.1930 |
| Minimum error | −0.0789 | −0.0025 | −0.0029 | −0.0012 |
| Average error | 0.1056 | 0.0225 | 0.0217 | 0.0163 |
), ArticleFig(id=1319955322156986396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1278651732997652489, articleId=1319955301353239418, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
四种方法的边缘误差的对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Item | Binary defocus method | Traditional sinusoidal fringe projection method | Bitwise projection method | Proposed method |
|---|
| Phase error/rad | Maximum error | 0.2712 | 0.2303 | 0.2085 | 0.2014 |
| Minimum error | −0.1750 | −0.1585 | −0.1486 | −0.1068 |
| Average error | 0.0145 | 0.0127 | 0.0211 | 0.0114 |
| Depth error/mm | Maximum error | 0.4589 | 0.3317 | 0.2614 | 0.1930 |
| Minimum error | −0.0789 | −0.0025 | −0.0029 | −0.0012 |
| Average error | 0.1056 | 0.0225 | 0.0217 | 0.0163 |
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