Article(id=1312006484016333363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, issueId=1311999647825101743, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.061, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737388800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-21, revisedDate=1739635200000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790736321690, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790736321690, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790736321690, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790736321690, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311999647825101743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, year='2025', volume='56', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='818', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790734691815, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790738411040, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312015247465083866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, issueId=1311999647825101743, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312015247465083867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, issueId=1311999647825101743, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=666, endPage=676, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1312006484192494132, articleId=1312006484016333363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, language=EN, title=Assessment of Productivity and Carbon Footprint of Grain-Oil Intercropping Farmland under Plastic Film Mulching, columnId=1312006322535620938, journalTitle=Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, columnName=Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Intercropping of grains and oils, along with plastic film coverage, serves as an effective agricultural practice adapted to specific natural conditions. This practice holds significant importance in dryland agricultural production in the northern regions. The application of these measures is bound to influence the changes in the carbon cycling processes of farmland soil. However, the variations in productivity and carbon footprint under intercropping and plastic film coverage, along with the associated ecological effects, remain unclear. Totally five treatments, including maize mulching (FMM), maize without mulching (NMM), soybean monoculture (SS), maize-soybean intercropping + maize mulching (FMS), maize-soybean intercropping + maize without mulching (NMS) were set up. Based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, the characteristics of greenhouse gas emissions, content of soil organic carbon, corn yield, and other factors from farmland soil under maize-soybean intercropping and plastic film coverage were evaluated. It also comprehensively assessed the impact of these practices on farmland productivity and carbon footprint through indicators, such as land productivity and carbon sustainability index. The results indicated that the relative yield of FMS treatment was increased by 57% to 60% compared with that of monoculture treatment, with a land equivalent ratio of 1.08 over the past two years, effectively enhancing farmland productivity. Simultaneously, the soil organic carbon loss in the FMS treatment was reduced by 7.8% to 46.57% compared with that of other treatments. It exhibited the lowest carbon footprint per unit area (CFA), carbon footprint per unit maize equivalent yield (CFMEEY), and carbon footprint per unit total income (CFE), effectively preserving soil organic carbon while reducing greenhouse gas emissions, thereby alleviating environmental burdens and carbon emissions. Although FMS treatment reduced some crop yield and economic benefits compared with monoculture systems, it demonstrated relatively lower soil greenhouse gas emissions and organic carbon loss during the production process. It also had a higher carbon sustainability index compared with NMS treatment, achieving effective management of soil carbon emissions. FMS as an environmentally friendly planting model, it can realize low carbon and high yield, thus providing guidance for agricultural producers in selecting suitable planting systems.

, authors=Changjian LI1, Xiahaoqi LI2, Songhao WANG2, Ruxin SHAO2, Zhi CHENG3, Xining ZHAO1, authorsList=Changjian LI, Xiahaoqi LI, Songhao WANG, Ruxin SHAO, Zhi CHENG, Xining ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xining ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1312006492962783857, articleId=1312006484016333363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, language=CN, title=地膜覆盖下粮油间作农田生产力与碳足迹评估, columnId=1312006322695004492, journalTitle=农业机械学报, columnName=农业水土工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

粮油间作与地膜覆盖作为适应特定自然条件的有效农业实践措施,在北方旱作农业生产中占有重要地位。此类农业措施应用势必影响农田土壤碳循环过程的改变,然而粮油间作与地膜覆盖下农田生产力与碳足迹的变化过程及伴生的生态环境效应尚不清楚。本研究设置了玉米覆膜单作(FMM)、玉米不覆膜单作(NMM)、大豆单作(SS)、玉米-大豆间作+玉米覆膜(FMS)、玉米-大豆间作+玉米不覆膜(NMS)5个处理,基于生命周期评价法对玉米-大豆间作与地膜覆盖下农田土壤温室气体排放特征、土壤有机碳含量、玉米产量等进行了评价,同时结合土地生产力和碳可持续性指数等指标综合评估了玉米-大豆间作与地膜覆盖对农田生产力与碳足迹的影响。两年试验结果表明,FMS处理相对产量较单作处理增加57%~60%,土地当量比两年均值为1.08,有效提高了农田土地生产力。同时,FMS处理土壤有机碳损耗相比其他处理减少7.8%~46.57%,且单位面积碳足迹(CFA)、单位玉米当量产量碳足迹(CFMEEY)和单位总收入碳足迹(CFE)最小,有效保存土壤有机碳的同时减小温室气体排放,降低了环境负担和碳排放。与单作种植系统相比,FMS处理虽然减少了部分作物产量和经济效益,但在生产过程中的土壤温室气体排放和有机碳损耗相对较低,与NMS处理相比也有更高的碳可持续性指数,实现了对土壤碳排放的有效管理。FMS作为一种环境友好型种植模式,可实现低碳高产,为农业生产者选择适宜种植系统提供了指导。

, authors=李昌见1, 李夏浩祺2, 王宋浩2, 邵茹欣2, 成志3, 赵西宁1, authorsList=李昌见, 李夏浩祺, 王宋浩, 邵茹欣, 成志, 赵西宁, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵西宁, authorNote=

李昌见(1987—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事农田生态环境修复与土壤改良研究,E-mail:

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赵西宁(1976—),男,研究员,主要从事农业水土资源调控与利用研究,E-mail:
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李昌见(1987—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事农田生态环境修复与土壤改良研究,E-mail:

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李昌见(1987—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事农田生态环境修复与土壤改良研究,E-mail:

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Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2020, 100(2): 540-550., articleTitle=Plastic film mulching stimulates brace root emergence and soil nutrient absorption of maize in an arid environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312006505814131425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312006484016333363, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=55, issue=6, pageStart=284, pageEnd=293, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=30, authorNames=齐智娟, 徐敬文, 张忠学, journalName=农业机械学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=齐智娟, 徐敬文, 张忠学, 等. 秸秆还田配施氮肥对黑土玉米田土壤CO2排放与碳平衡的影响[J]. 农业机械学报, 2024, 55(6): 284-293., articleTitle=秸秆还田配施氮肥对黑土玉米田土壤CO2排放与碳平衡的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312006505893823202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312006484016333363, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=55, issue=6, pageStart=284, pageEnd=293, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=31, authorNames=QI Zhijuan, XU Jingwen, ZHANG Zhongxue, journalName=Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QI Zhijuan, XU Jingwen, ZHANG Zhongxue, et al. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of straw returning combined with nitrogen fertilizer on soil CO2 emission and carbon balance in black soil maize field, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312006505948349155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312006484016333363, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=56, issue=2, pageStart=454, pageEnd=462, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=32, authorNames=张作合, 张忠学, 薛里, journalName=农业机械学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张作合, 张忠学, 薛里, 等. 水土保持耕作对黑土坡耕地玉米田土壤碳平衡的影响[J]. 农业机械学报, 2025, 56(2): 454-462., articleTitle=水土保持耕作对黑土坡耕地玉米田土壤碳平衡的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312006506011263716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312006484016333363, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=56, issue=2, pageStart=454, pageEnd=462, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=33, authorNames=ZHANG Zuohe, ZHANG Zhongxue, XUE Li, journalName=Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Zuohe, ZHANG Zhongxue, XUE Li, et al. 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articleId=1312006484016333363, language=CN, label=图9, caption=2022年和2023年各处理碳可持续指数和净生态系统经济预算均值, figureFileSmall=mWy19yM9aZqRNcKzc1L7tg==, figureFileBig=rpoiFbNAZRSgsW4SE0b/MQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312006501212979896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312006484016333363, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Experimental design

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种植系统覆膜处理处理名称
玉米-大豆间作(MS)玉米覆膜FMS
玉米不覆膜NMS
玉米单作(MM)覆膜FMM
不覆膜NMM
大豆单作(SS)不覆膜SS
), ArticleFig(id=1312006501288477369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312006484016333363, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种植系统覆膜处理处理名称
玉米-大豆间作(MS)玉米覆膜FMS
玉米不覆膜NMS
玉米单作(MM)覆膜FMM
不覆膜NMM
大豆单作(SS)不覆膜SS
), ArticleFig(id=1312006501363974842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312006484016333363, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Total input and income,net income and benefit-cost ratio for each treatments in 2022 and 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份处理总投入/(元·hm-2)总收入/(元·hm-2)净收入/(元·hm-2)成本效益比
2022FMM8 858.00(31 454.77±172.49)a(22 596.77±172.49)a(3.55±0.02)a
FMS9 590.68(24 959.14±107.81)b(15 368.46±107.81)c(2.60±0.12)c
NMM8 292.96(25 240.29±91.57)b(16 947.33±91.57)b(3.04±0.01)b
NMS8 716.96(21 808.85±377.25)c(13 091.89±377.24)d(2.50±0.05)c
SS8 420.96(14 857.85±566.09)d(6 436.89±566.09)e(1.76±0.07)d
2023FMM8 858.00(35 632.10±30.40)a(26 774.10±28.65)a(4.02±0.01)a
FMS9 590.68(28 819.20±415.05)c(19 228.52±391.16)c(3.00±0.05)d
NMM8 292.96(29 923.17±298.81)b(21 630.21±281.61)b(3.61±0.03)b
NMS8 716.96(27 618.00±927.75)d(18 901.04±874.36)c(3.17±0.10)c
SS8 420.96(14 676.08±239.40)e(6 255.12±225.62)d(1.74±0.03)e
p年份<0.001<0.001<0.001
处理<0.001<0.001<0.001
年份×处理<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1312006501435278011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312006484016333363, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2022年和2023年各处理总投入、总收入、净收入和成本效益比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份处理总投入/(元·hm-2)总收入/(元·hm-2)净收入/(元·hm-2)成本效益比
2022FMM8 858.00(31 454.77±172.49)a(22 596.77±172.49)a(3.55±0.02)a
FMS9 590.68(24 959.14±107.81)b(15 368.46±107.81)c(2.60±0.12)c
NMM8 292.96(25 240.29±91.57)b(16 947.33±91.57)b(3.04±0.01)b
NMS8 716.96(21 808.85±377.25)c(13 091.89±377.24)d(2.50±0.05)c
SS8 420.96(14 857.85±566.09)d(6 436.89±566.09)e(1.76±0.07)d
2023FMM8 858.00(35 632.10±30.40)a(26 774.10±28.65)a(4.02±0.01)a
FMS9 590.68(28 819.20±415.05)c(19 228.52±391.16)c(3.00±0.05)d
NMM8 292.96(29 923.17±298.81)b(21 630.21±281.61)b(3.61±0.03)b
NMS8 716.96(27 618.00±927.75)d(18 901.04±874.36)c(3.17±0.10)c
SS8 420.96(14 676.08±239.40)e(6 255.12±225.62)d(1.74±0.03)e
p年份<0.001<0.001<0.001
处理<0.001<0.001<0.001
年份×处理<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1312006501510775484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312006484016333363, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Total greenhouse gas emissions in 2022 and 2023 for each treatments

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年份处理N2O排放总量CH4排放总量
2022FMM1.18a-0.91b
FMS0.85b-0.81ab
NMM0.74cd-1.17c
NMS0.81bc-0.74a
SS0.68d-0.72a
2023FMM1.34a-0.73b
FMS0.88b-0.68a
NMM0.73d-1.00d
NMS0.82bc-0.83c
SS0.79cd-0.66a
平均值FMM1.26a-0.82bc
FMS0.87b-0.74b
NMM0.73c-1.08c
NMS0.82b-0.78b
SS0.74c-0.69a
), ArticleFig(id=1312006501577884349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312006484016333363, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各处理2022年和2023年温室气体排放总量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份处理N2O排放总量CH4排放总量
2022FMM1.18a-0.91b
FMS0.85b-0.81ab
NMM0.74cd-1.17c
NMS0.81bc-0.74a
SS0.68d-0.72a
2023FMM1.34a-0.73b
FMS0.88b-0.68a
NMM0.73d-1.00d
NMS0.82bc-0.83c
SS0.79cd-0.66a
平均值FMM1.26a-0.82bc
FMS0.87b-0.74b
NMM0.73c-1.08c
NMS0.82b-0.78b
SS0.74c-0.69a
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Carbon footprint per unit area and their composition in 2022 and 2023 for each treatments

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年份处理CFiCFddSOCCFA
2022FMM921.07(297.57±14.01)a(2 493.33±186.96)a(3 711.98±174.73)a
FMS879.18(211.09±2.66)b(1 332.22±45.73)d(2 422.49±46.93)c
NMM761.34(171.43±5.78)c(1 918.89±322.91)bc(2 851.66±328.63)bc
NMS754.57(202.06±4.04)b(2 248.89±182.93)ad(3 205.52±186.91)b
SS738.50(166.2±10.68)c(1 601.11±228.66)cd(2 505.81±236.00)c
2023FMM921.07(349.11±16.66)a(1 405.55±147.68)b(2 675.73±152.51)ab
FMS879.18(220.15±4.16)b(1 295.56±212.40)b(2 394.88±212.44)b
NMM761.34(168.56±3.47)d(2 383.33±611.36)a(3 313.23±608.16)a
NMS754.57(203.44±4.31)bc(2 236.67±259.27)a(3 194.67±255.08)a
SS738.50(197.03±2.13)c(1 662.22±134.00)ab(2 597.76±134.77)ab
p年份<0.0010.3310.406
处理<0.001<0.001<0.001
年份×处理<0.0010.010.013
), ArticleFig(id=1312006501716296383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312006484016333363, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各处理2022年和2023年单位面积碳足迹及其构成

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年份处理CFiCFddSOCCFA
2022FMM921.07(297.57±14.01)a(2 493.33±186.96)a(3 711.98±174.73)a
FMS879.18(211.09±2.66)b(1 332.22±45.73)d(2 422.49±46.93)c
NMM761.34(171.43±5.78)c(1 918.89±322.91)bc(2 851.66±328.63)bc
NMS754.57(202.06±4.04)b(2 248.89±182.93)ad(3 205.52±186.91)b
SS738.50(166.2±10.68)c(1 601.11±228.66)cd(2 505.81±236.00)c
2023FMM921.07(349.11±16.66)a(1 405.55±147.68)b(2 675.73±152.51)ab
FMS879.18(220.15±4.16)b(1 295.56±212.40)b(2 394.88±212.44)b
NMM761.34(168.56±3.47)d(2 383.33±611.36)a(3 313.23±608.16)a
NMS754.57(203.44±4.31)bc(2 236.67±259.27)a(3 194.67±255.08)a
SS738.50(197.03±2.13)c(1 662.22±134.00)ab(2 597.76±134.77)ab
p年份<0.0010.3310.406
处理<0.001<0.001<0.001
年份×处理<0.0010.010.013
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地膜覆盖下粮油间作农田生产力与碳足迹评估
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李昌见 1 , 李夏浩祺 2 , 王宋浩 2 , 邵茹欣 2 , 成志 3 , 赵西宁 1
农业机械学报 | 农业水土工程 2025,56(12): 666-676
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农业机械学报 |农业水土工程 2025 , 56 (12) : 666 -676
地膜覆盖下粮油间作农田生产力与碳足迹评估
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李昌见(1987—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事农田生态环境修复与土壤改良研究,E-mail:

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李昌见(1987—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事农田生态环境修复与土壤改良研究,E-mail:

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李昌见1 , 李夏浩祺2, 王宋浩2, 邵茹欣2, 成志3, 赵西宁1
作者信息
  • 1.西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院,陕西杨凌 712100
  • 2.西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌 712100
  • 3.贵州省农业区域经济发展中心,贵阳 550003
通讯作者:
赵西宁(1976—),男,研究员,主要从事农业水土资源调控与利用研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

李昌见(1987—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事农田生态环境修复与土壤改良研究,E-mail:

Assessment of Productivity and Carbon Footprint of Grain-Oil Intercropping Farmland under Plastic Film Mulching
Changjian LI1 , Xiahaoqi LI2, Songhao WANG2, Ruxin SHAO2, Zhi CHENG3, Xining ZHAO1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
  • 2.College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
  • 3.Guizhou Agricultural Regional Economic Development Center, Guiyang 550003, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.061
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粮油间作与地膜覆盖作为适应特定自然条件的有效农业实践措施,在北方旱作农业生产中占有重要地位。此类农业措施应用势必影响农田土壤碳循环过程的改变,然而粮油间作与地膜覆盖下农田生产力与碳足迹的变化过程及伴生的生态环境效应尚不清楚。本研究设置了玉米覆膜单作(FMM)、玉米不覆膜单作(NMM)、大豆单作(SS)、玉米-大豆间作+玉米覆膜(FMS)、玉米-大豆间作+玉米不覆膜(NMS)5个处理,基于生命周期评价法对玉米-大豆间作与地膜覆盖下农田土壤温室气体排放特征、土壤有机碳含量、玉米产量等进行了评价,同时结合土地生产力和碳可持续性指数等指标综合评估了玉米-大豆间作与地膜覆盖对农田生产力与碳足迹的影响。两年试验结果表明,FMS处理相对产量较单作处理增加57%~60%,土地当量比两年均值为1.08,有效提高了农田土地生产力。同时,FMS处理土壤有机碳损耗相比其他处理减少7.8%~46.57%,且单位面积碳足迹(CFA)、单位玉米当量产量碳足迹(CFMEEY)和单位总收入碳足迹(CFE)最小,有效保存土壤有机碳的同时减小温室气体排放,降低了环境负担和碳排放。与单作种植系统相比,FMS处理虽然减少了部分作物产量和经济效益,但在生产过程中的土壤温室气体排放和有机碳损耗相对较低,与NMS处理相比也有更高的碳可持续性指数,实现了对土壤碳排放的有效管理。FMS作为一种环境友好型种植模式,可实现低碳高产,为农业生产者选择适宜种植系统提供了指导。

玉米-大豆间作  /  地膜覆盖  /  碳足迹  /  生产力  /  土壤有机碳

Intercropping of grains and oils, along with plastic film coverage, serves as an effective agricultural practice adapted to specific natural conditions. This practice holds significant importance in dryland agricultural production in the northern regions. The application of these measures is bound to influence the changes in the carbon cycling processes of farmland soil. However, the variations in productivity and carbon footprint under intercropping and plastic film coverage, along with the associated ecological effects, remain unclear. Totally five treatments, including maize mulching (FMM), maize without mulching (NMM), soybean monoculture (SS), maize-soybean intercropping + maize mulching (FMS), maize-soybean intercropping + maize without mulching (NMS) were set up. Based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, the characteristics of greenhouse gas emissions, content of soil organic carbon, corn yield, and other factors from farmland soil under maize-soybean intercropping and plastic film coverage were evaluated. It also comprehensively assessed the impact of these practices on farmland productivity and carbon footprint through indicators, such as land productivity and carbon sustainability index. The results indicated that the relative yield of FMS treatment was increased by 57% to 60% compared with that of monoculture treatment, with a land equivalent ratio of 1.08 over the past two years, effectively enhancing farmland productivity. Simultaneously, the soil organic carbon loss in the FMS treatment was reduced by 7.8% to 46.57% compared with that of other treatments. It exhibited the lowest carbon footprint per unit area (CFA), carbon footprint per unit maize equivalent yield (CFMEEY), and carbon footprint per unit total income (CFE), effectively preserving soil organic carbon while reducing greenhouse gas emissions, thereby alleviating environmental burdens and carbon emissions. Although FMS treatment reduced some crop yield and economic benefits compared with monoculture systems, it demonstrated relatively lower soil greenhouse gas emissions and organic carbon loss during the production process. It also had a higher carbon sustainability index compared with NMS treatment, achieving effective management of soil carbon emissions. FMS as an environmentally friendly planting model, it can realize low carbon and high yield, thus providing guidance for agricultural producers in selecting suitable planting systems.

maize-soybean intercropping  /  plastic mulching  /  carbon footprint  /  productivity  /  soil organic carbon
李昌见, 李夏浩祺, 王宋浩, 邵茹欣, 成志, 赵西宁. 地膜覆盖下粮油间作农田生产力与碳足迹评估. 农业机械学报, 2025 , 56 (12) : 666 -676 . DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.061
Changjian LI, Xiahaoqi LI, Songhao WANG, Ruxin SHAO, Zhi CHENG, Xining ZHAO. Assessment of Productivity and Carbon Footprint of Grain-Oil Intercropping Farmland under Plastic Film Mulching[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2025 , 56 (12) : 666 -676 . DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.061
粮油间作作为一种农业种植模式,不仅能充分利用土地资源,还能通过作物间的相互作用提高系统生产力。研究表明,化肥施用、机械使用等多种与土壤过程有关的排放代表了粮食作物生产向大气排放的温室气体总量[1]。因此,在农业系统中采取对应措施缓解温室气体排放带来不利影响的同时最大限度提高农业生产力至关重要。相关研究表明玉米-大豆间作的CO2排放量比玉米单作低22%~108%,同时在同一地块,玉米-大豆间作总产量超过相同面积下各自单独种植产量之和,显示出明显的间作效益[2-3]。因此,玉米大豆带状复合间植被认为是一种生态友好的可持续种植模式,可实现低碳高产。
塑料薄膜覆盖作为近几十年中国北方旱作雨养农业区应用最广泛的田间管理措施,对作物生产力的影响十分显著[4]。在干旱缺水的黄土高原地区,玉米-大豆间作的高效可持续生产离不开地膜覆盖这一调控土壤水分的最佳田间管理措施。但地膜应用也改变了土壤水热状况,进而影响碳氮在农业系统中的分配和转移[5-7],导致直接温室气体排放增加。NAN等[8]研究发现,覆膜明显促进了土壤CO2和N2O排放,阻碍CH4排放。而在玉米-大豆间作体系中,豆科作物通过固氮作用使系统中的N2O排放降低31%[9],使系统排放潜势相应降低[10]。以上研究仅为关于覆膜/间作对农田直接温室气体排放的影响,没有考虑间接温室气体排放,对农田温室效应的影响研究较少。
目前关于地膜覆盖下粮油间作的相关研究,仅从根系和氮素利用角度对地膜覆盖下粮油作物间的促进作用及产量提升进行评估,ZHANG等[11]的研究表明覆膜玉米由于种间促进作用,改善玉米根系的同时并没有显著降低间作大豆产量,且提高了间作总产量(10.67%);ZHANG等[12]的研究表明大豆间作和覆膜可使玉米所需氮肥减少20%,通过玉米的高氮素利用效率产生较大的增产效果。然而关于豆科间作和地膜覆盖对农田温室气体排放及其综合影响评价的研究很少,无法全面评估豆科作物间作和地膜覆盖在生产力和环境可持续性间的利弊。
碳足迹作为气候变化领域的研究热点,能综合考虑耕作、施肥和收获等农业生产活动过程中由人为因素引起的直接和间接碳排放总量,进而定量测算农业生产活动对温室效应的影响[13]。因此,本研究在黄土高原地区进行为期两年的田间试验,结合种植系统中产量、土壤温室气体排放通量(排放)和有机碳储量(固存),应用碳足迹、碳可持续性指数等指标,评估玉米-大豆间作+玉米覆膜(FMS)种植模式的生产力和可持续效益,通过研究豆科作物间作和地膜覆盖对农田生产力和固碳减排效应的影响,探寻更适合黄土高原旱作农田的种植模式,为实现低碳高产农业提供指导。
研究区位于陕西省咸阳市乾县枣树渠村西北农林科技大学乾县试验站(34°38′N,108°07′E),属温带半湿润偏旱气候区,年均气温10.9℃,年日照时数2 179.4 h。年均降水量584.2 mm,其中丰年为876.7 mm,旱年为281.9 mm,降水多集中于7—9月,占全年总降水量的60%左右。土壤类型为黄绵土,结构良好,保墒力强,但养分含量少,肥力较低。该区农业生产用水主要依靠自然降水,属于旱作雨养农业区。逐日气象资料由布设在试验地附近的自动气象站提供,试验期间日气温和降水量如图1所示。
本试验于2022年6月—2023年9月进行,采用随机区组设计(表1),共设置5个试验处理,即玉米单作、大豆单作、玉米-大豆间作,对单作玉米及玉米-大豆间作玉米带又分别设置普通地膜覆盖(FM)和无地膜覆盖处理(NM),各处理重复3次,共15个小区,每个小区面积为5.0 m×7.5 m。
单作玉米和单作大豆小区行距为50 cm,种植密度为66 000株/hm2,玉米-大豆间作小区种植2行玉米(行距40 cm)和3行大豆(行距30 cm),相邻玉米和大豆行间距为50 cm,玉米种植密度为37 000株/hm2,大豆种植密度与单作大豆保持一致。玉米供试品种为陕单609,大豆供试品种为中黄13,玉米采用先覆膜后人工穴播的种植方式,使用塑料薄膜(聚乙烯,膜厚0.01 mm,膜宽1 m)覆盖,试验地四周设置1 m作物保护带。播种前一次性施入底肥,施用量为氮肥60 kg/hm2(以N计),磷肥42 kg/hm2(以P2O5计),钾肥18 kg/hm2(以K2O计),整个生育期内无追肥,作物分别于2022年6月6日、2023年5月12日播种,2022年10月13日、2023年9月28日收获。生育期无灌溉,其他田间管理措施与当地一致。
各小区分别随机选取15株玉米和大豆,各取5株植株用于测定地上部生物量并折算为每公顷干物质累积量(kg/hm2),其余植株在阳光下风干14 d后脱粒,然后80℃干燥48 h至恒定质量,最终产量根据14%标准含水率进行校正,并统一折算为每公顷产量(kg/hm2)。
间作处理土地当量比(Land equivalent ratio,LER)计算式为
式中
      LER——间作处理土地当量比
      Ym,i、Ym,s——间作玉米、单作玉米产量,kg/hm2
      Ys,i、Ys,s——间作大豆、单作大豆产量,kg/hm2
温室气体采用静态暗箱-气象色谱法进行采集和测定。采样箱由箱体和底座组成,箱体用PVC材料制成,表面覆有隔热材料,尺寸为50 cm×50 cm×50 cm,箱内安装风扇和抽气接口,接口连接三通阀。底座由不锈钢制成,尺寸为50 cm×50 cm×5 cm,底座内无作物。底座上面附有凹槽,采样前槽内注水密封以隔绝箱外环境。单作处理底座设置在株间,间作处理底座设置在玉米大豆间,气体采集时间为08:30—11:30,扣箱后立即用60 mL注射器抽取气体,并立即转移到真空气袋中,气体采集时间间隔为15 min,采集时长为30 min。每7~10 d采集1次,采样结束后将样品带回实验室48 h内用气象色谱仪(Agilent 7890 A型,美国安捷伦科技有限公司)完成测试分析。通过对3个连续样品浓度进行线性回归分析,拟合科率得出气体排放速率。排放通量计算式为
式中
      F——气体排放通量,mg/(m2·h)
      M——标准状况下气体摩尔质量,g/mol
      V0——标准状况下气体摩尔体积,L/mol
      H——箱体高度,取0.5 m
      Δc/Δt——气体排放速率,μL/(L·min)
      T——采样时箱内平均气温,℃
用线性内插法估算整个玉米、大豆生育期温室气体排放总量,计算式为
式中
      ——生育期N2O/CH4排放总量,kg/hm2
      Fi——第i次气体排放通量,mg/(m2·h)
      ti——第i次取样时间,d
直接温室气体排放碳足迹为CFd,参照YANG等[14]方法计算,计算式为
式中
      ——直接温室气体排放碳足迹,kg/hm2
      、——N2O、CH4排放碳足迹,kg/hm2
在试验开始前和收获时分别从0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层采集土样。试验前从15个点采集样本,覆盖所有地块。收获时每个地块采集3个土样。其中间作处理取自作物带和中间过渡带。土壤容重采用环刀法测定。在测定土壤有机碳含量(SOC)前,将土壤样品风干,磨细,过0.25 mm筛。SOC含量采用重铬酸钾湿烧法测定并根据容重转换为土层有机碳储量(mg/hm2)。
能量产量(Energy yield,EY)参照SUN等[15]的方法,计算式为
式中
      EY——能量产量,GJ/hm2
      Yg、Ys——作物籽粒产量、秸秆产量,kg/hm2
      Eg、Es——作物籽粒、秸秆相应热值,MJ/kg
将大豆产量转换为玉米当量经济产量(Maize equivalent economic yield,MEEY),转换公式为
式中
      MEEY——玉米当量经济产量,kg/hm2
      Ysoybean——大豆产量,kg/hm2
      Psoybean、Pmaize——大豆、玉米市场价格[16],元/kg
计算不同种植系统在整个生命周期中的总投入,包括劳动力、种子、柴油、地膜、化肥、除草剂和杀虫剂等。总收入是籽粒经济价值总和。净收入为总收入与总投入差值。成本效益比为总收入与总投入比值。
基于生命周期评价法框架对两年不同种植系统的碳足迹进行评价,考虑以下来源:①农业肥料、地膜等的制造、包装和运输过程产生的排放、农机作业(翻耕、播种等)燃料和其他人工活动(施肥、地膜回收等)能源消耗(CFi)。②农田直接温室气体排放(CFd)。③表层SOC储量变化(dSOC)[17]。两年农业投入完全相同。
分别以单位面积碳足迹(CFA)、单位玉米当量经济产量碳足迹(CFMEEY)、单位总收入碳足迹(CFE)对各种植系统的碳足迹进行评价[18],计算式为
式中
      ——单位面积碳足迹,kg/hm2
      Ii、Ci——农业投入量和相应的当量CO2排放系数
      dSOC——年间土层有机碳储量变化量,kg/hm2
      ——单位玉米当量产量碳足迹,kg/hm2
      E——总收入,元/hm2
      ——单位总收入碳足迹,kg/元
从碳可持续性和经济效益角度对各处理进行评估,同时考虑作物碳产量、温室气体排放量和碳成本交易量。
碳可持续性指数(Carbon sustainability index,CSI)计算式为[19]
式中
      CSI——碳可持续性指数
      Coutput——生物量的碳产量均值[20],kg/hm2
      Cemission——温室气体的碳排放总量均值,kg/hm2
净生态系统经济预算(Net ecosystem economic budget,NEEB)考虑到温室气体排放的收益和成本,采用的碳交易价格为103.7元/t[21],计算式为
式中
      NEEB——净生态系统经济预算,元/hm2
      ——作物产量与市场价格乘积,元/hm2
      ——温室气体排放总量与碳交易价格乘积,元/hm2
试验数据均取3次重复平均值,应用SPSS软件分析各处理对作物产量、LER、EY等指标的影响,用Fisher-LSD法检验各处理间的差异显著性(p<0.05),应用OriginPro软件对数据进行可视化。
不同处理间玉米和大豆产量差异显著(p<0.05)(图2,图中不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p<0.05),下同)。两年试验中各处理玉米产量均表现为MM处理显著高于MS处理。2023年各处理玉米产量相比2022年有所增加,其中FMM、NMM、FMS和NMS处理分别增加13.28%、18.55%、32.87%和19.88%。各处理大豆产量也表现出相同规律,SS处理产量显著高于FMS和NMS处理。2023年各处理大豆产量也较2022年有不同程度增加。相同种植模式下,FM处理玉米产量显著高于NM处理。与NM处理相比,FM处理对单作和间作玉米产量的提升效应分别为21.85%和12.73%。在FM处理中间作玉米相对产量为单作玉米的57%~60%,在NM处理中为60%~67%。两年试验中间作处理大豆产量表现不同,2022年FMS处理大豆产量显著高于NMS处理,而2023年大豆产量差异不显著(p>0.05)。
MS处理土地当量比如图3(图中*表示处理间差异显著(p<0.05),ns表示差异不显著)所示,各处理土地当量比均大于1.00。2022年FMS和NMS处理LER无显著差异(p>0.05),均为1.05;而2023年FMS处理LER显著高于NMS处理,两处理LER分别为1.19和1.11。2023年两处理LER相比2022年均有显著提高,分别提高5.71%和13.33%。总体而言,FMS和NMS处理LER两年均值为1.08和1.12。
偏玉米土地当量比表现为NMS处理大于FMS处理;而偏大豆土地当量比在2022年表现为FMS处理大于NMS处理,2023年则相反。
各处理玉米当量经济产量如图4a~4c所示。两年试验中FMM处理具有最大MEEY,SS处理具有最小MEEY。相同种植模式下,FM处理MEEY显著高于NM(p<0.05)。不同种植模式下,单作处理MEEY均显著高于间作处理,与FMS处理相比,两年FMM处理MEEY显著提高26.03%和23.64%,同样,两年NMM处理MEEY相比NMS处理显著提高15.73%和8.35%。
各处理能量产量(图4d~4f)与MEEY规律相似,2年试验中FMM处理EY最高,而SS最低。相同种植模式下,FM处理EY均显著高于NM处理。不同种植模式下,单作处理EY均显著高于间作处理,两年FMM处理EY相比FMS处理分别提高61.35%和38.09%,NMM处理EY相比NMS处理分别提高57.24%和46.56%。此外,2023年各处理EY相比2022年有不同程度增加,FMS、FMM、NMS、NMM和SS处理分别增加38.63%、18.65%、44.36%、34.55%和39.70%。
各处理收支情况及成本效益比如表2所示。FMM处理总收入最高,而SS处理最低。2022年除FMS和NMM处理之间,其余各处理总收入均具有显著差异(p<0.05)。无论FM处理还是NM处理,单作处理总收入均显著高于间作处理。除SS处理外,2023年各处理总收入相比2022年有不同程度增加,其中FMM、FMS、NMM和NMS处理分别增加6.64%、7.73%、9.28%和13.32%;而SS处理较2022年降低0.6%。各处理间净收入存在显著差异,其中FMM处理净收入最高,而SS处理最低。值得注意的是,2023年FMS和NMS处理间净收入并没有显著差异,这与2022年的表现不同。此外,2023年FMM、FMS、NMM和NMS处理净收入较2022年分别提升9.41%、14.32%、17.47%和32.23%,SS处理则降低15.95%。
成本效益比和净收入规律相似,FMM处理成本效益比最高,而SS处理最低。2022年除FMS和NMS处理外,其余各处理间均具有显著差异;2023年所有处理间均具有显著差异。除SS处理外,2023年各处理成本效益比相较2022年均得到不同程度提升,其中FMM、FMS、NMM和NMS处理分别提升6.76%、8.85%、11.84%和19.60%,SS处理则降低3.53%。
由图5(图中ಖ表示试验地出现降雨,下同)可知,生育期NO2排放峰与降雨量和根系活动较为频繁的拔节期、灌浆期较为一致,在播后30、70 d较为明显。整体上看,FMM处理NO2排放总量显著高于其他处理38%~83%(p<0.05)。2023年由于生育期降雨量更高,导致各处理温室气体排放总量平均增加7.8%。
由图6可知,生育期CH4排放通量既有吸收特征又有排放特征,CH4日排放通量在-0.44~0.21 mg/(m2·h)间变化,各处理没有表现出明显的排放规律。但从排放总量看,各处理在生育期均表现为CH4的吸收汇,其中NMM处理排放总量显著低于其他处理(p<0.05),SS处理排放总量显著高于其他处理。
2年温室气体排放总量平均值如表3所示,SS处理具有最低的NO2排放总量及最高的CH4排放总量。相同种植模式下,FM处理各温室气体排放总量均显著高于NM处理(p<0.05),覆膜增加了两种温室气体排放量5%~72%和5.3%~24.4%;相同耕作处理下,相比FMM处理,FMS处理显著降低NO2排放总量31%,增加CH4排放总量9.5%但不显著(p>0.05)。
各处理农业投入所产生的间接温室气体排放及其构成如图7所示,各处理间接温室气体排放量由大到小依次为FMM、FMS、NMM、NMS、SS。主要间接温室气体排放由氮肥和耕作燃料产生。此外,FM处理农业投入产生的间接温室气体排放量均高于NM处理,主要是由地膜投入产生的间接温室气体排放导致。
各处理单位面积碳足迹(CFA)及其构成如表4所示。各处理对CFd、dSOC和CFA均具有极显著影响(p<0.01),年份只对CFi具有极显著影响,两者交互作用对CFd、dSOC和CFA均具有显著影响。其中,相同耕作处理下,两年FMS处理CFd较FMM处理显著降低29.1%~36.9%,平均降低33%;两年FMS处理dSOC在所有处理中处于最低水平,相比其他处理减少7.8%~46.57%。
2022年FMM处理CFA最高(3 711.98 kg/hm2),而2023年则为NMM(3 313.23 kg/hm2)。
各处理单位玉米当量产量碳足迹(CFMEEY)和单位总收入碳足迹(CFE)如图8所示。SS处理具有最高CFMEEY,且显著高于其余处理。CFMEEY在2022年和2023年间具有相似规律,不同表现在不同种植模式间,对于FMS和FMM处理,2022年FMM处理CFMEEY高于FMS处理,而2023年则相反,但两种处理CFMEEY无显著差异。2022年NMS处理CFMEEY显著高于NMM处理,而2023年二者未表现出显著差异。FMS处理两年CFMEEY均值为0.24 kg/hm2。
各处理的CFE与CFMEEY表现规律不同。2022年各处理间CFE由大到小依次为NMM、NMS、SS、FMM、FMS,而2023年则为FMM、NMS、NMM、SS、FMS。综合来看,FMM、NMS、NMM处理间没有显著差异,但三者的CFE均显著高于FMS和SS处理。值得注意的是,FMS处理具有最小CFE且显著低于其它处理,两年均值为0.25 kg/元。
两年试验中各处理碳可持续性指数和净生态系统经济预算均值如图9所示。两类指标在各处理间均有显著差异(p<0.05)。各处理间CSI由大到小依次为FMM、NMM、FMS、NMS、SS,NEEB也有着同样的规律。除SS处理外,在相同种植模式下,无论CSI还是NEEB均表现为FM处理显著高于NM处理;而在不同种植模式下,MM处理的CSI和NEEB显著高于MS处理。
玉米-大豆间作通过种间优势互补提升对水资源和养分资源的利用效率[22],有助于实现旱作农业地区的可持续生产。而玉米覆膜可以进一步调节种间相互作用并影响间作优势[23-24]。本研究中,间作种植系统中玉米和大豆的相对密度分别为0.5和1且两年LER都大于1(1.05~1.19)。在FM处理中间作玉米相对产量为单作玉米的57%~60%,而在NM处理中为60%~67%,上述结果表明间作系统中玉米较单作系统的相对产量均大于50%(相对密度),体现了间作系统中的玉米产量优势;其次,地膜覆盖对单作玉米和间作玉米产量也有显著影响(p<0.05);上述结果表明覆膜和大豆间作对玉米产量有叠加效应。这一结果与之前玉米-豌豆间作系统中覆膜后玉米产量变化的研究结果一致[23];但两个研究对于豆科植物产量变化的结论并不一致,主要原因为两研究田间配置不同,本研究采取2M3S(2行玉米3行大豆型间作模式)田间配置,而MAO等[23]的研究采取2M4S(2行玉米4行大豆型间作模式)田间配置;导致间作系统中大豆的相对密度不同,本研究为1而MAO等[23]的研究中为0.5。本研究结果表明,FMS处理中大豆相对产量为SS处理的48%~51%;而在NMS处理中为45%~52%。间作系统中大豆发生了较大幅度减产,说明本研究中间作产量优势主要来自于玉米产量增加,而牺牲了大豆产量,这与WANG等[24]的研究结论一致。进一步分析间作系统中玉米覆膜对大豆产量的影响,发现在2022年FMS处理中大豆产量较NMS处理显著提升,但2023年两者间并无差异,2023年的结果与MAO等[23]的结论一致。
在对各种植系统的玉米当量经济产量和能量产量进行评估后发现,无论有无地膜覆盖,MM处理EY显著高于MS处理,而SS处理EY最低,这主要是因为C4植物(玉米)相较于C3植物(大豆)具有更高的光、水分和氮素利用效率和更低的蒸腾作用[25],MEEY也和EY具有一样的规律,这主要是因为MS处理大豆产量较低,这与WANG等[24]的研究结论一致。
农业投入和产出评估结果(表2)显示,MM处理净收入和成本效益比显著高于MS处理,造成上述结果主要原因为:①MS处理中玉米相对密度为MM处理的1/2。②MS处理中大豆发生了较大幅度减产。③相同覆盖处理下,MS处理农业投入也稍高于MM处理。这些最终导致MM处理经济效益显著高于MS处理。SS处理经济效益最低是因为大豆产量本身较低。此外,间作系统中玉米覆膜并没有起到提升生产系统成本效益比的作用,2022年FMS和NMS处理成本效益比并没有显著差异,前者为2.60,后者为2.50;而在2023年,NMS处理成本效益比显著高于FMS处理,前者为3.17,后者为3.00。主要是因为两者的大豆产量并没有差异,虽然覆膜提高了MS处理中玉米产量,但与此同时地膜使用也增加了农业投入成本,当增加产量带来的收益不能抵消地膜投入成本时就会出现上述情况。
为了实现双碳目标,对农业生产系统的净生态系统经济预算的关注日益加强[15,21]。考虑到产量收益和碳成本的分析表明(图9b),MM处理NEEB均显著高于对应覆膜处理的MS处理,即FMM大于FMS大于,NMM大于NMS;主要原因是MM处理玉米产量显著高于MS处理,MS处理中玉米覆膜又对大豆产量影响较小。相同种植系统中覆膜所带来的NEEB变化表明覆膜显著提升了系统的NEEB,即FMS大于NMS,FMM大于NMM,主要是覆膜对玉米根系发育有较大影响,地膜可以重塑根系形态特征和垂直分布,进而提升种植系统中的玉米产量[23,26-27],最终提升FM处理产量收益。
采用3种指标(CFA、CFMEEY、CFE)全面评估各种植系统碳足迹:相同覆膜处理下,与MM处理相比,MS处理3个指标并没有呈现一致趋势;但FMS处理同时有最小的CFA、CFMEEY和CFE,这一结果表明,FMS处理在减少碳足迹方面有明显优势,即使FMS处理在农业生产过程中有较高的间接温室气体排放量(图7,主要是由于地膜投入),但相比单作种植系统也能较好地维持土壤碳平衡[28-29]。同时也发现FMS处理碳可持续性指数显著高于NMS处理,更表明了FMS处理相比NMS处理在碳可持续性方面的优势。对于MM和MS处理,发现MM处理碳可持续性指数显著高于MS处理,这与WANG等[24]的研究并不相同,主要是田间配置不同导致,本研究中采用2M3S,而WANG等[24]采用3M4S,直接导致形成种植系统碳输出部分的作物籽粒产量和作物秸秆产量间的差异,也会导致碳排放的不同,最终导致碳可持续性指数不同。此外,各种植系统中FMS处理dSOC最小,进一步说明FMS处理在保持土壤有机碳方面的优势。
通过在黄土高原地区进行的玉米覆膜和豆科植物间作试验发现,FMS处理玉米相对产量为FMM处理的57%~60%,同时土地当量比两年均值为1.08,表明了间作系统中玉米产量的优势以及土地生产力的提高;温室气体排放方面,FMS处理较FMM处理显著降低了温室气体排放总量,导致直接温室气体排放所产生的碳足迹平均降低33%,同时温室气体排放总量较NMS处理增加不显著;虽然与FMM处理相比在经济效益和作物产量上有所降低,但FMS处理较其它处理能更好地减少土壤有机碳损失7.8%~46.57%,且具有最低碳足迹,其中CFA、CFMEEY和CFE分别为2 408.68 kg/hm2、0.24 kg/hm2和0.25 kg/元,与NMS处理相比也有更高的碳可持续性指数,对于旱作农业地区覆膜间作生产具有重要意义。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52209069)
  • 陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024NC-ZDCYL-02-04; 2023-ZDLNY-49)
  • 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2023JC-XJ-24)
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2025年第56卷第12期
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doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.061
  • 接收时间:2025-01-21
  • 首发时间:2026-09-30
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-21
  • 修回日期:2025-02-16
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52209069)
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024NC-ZDCYL-02-04; 2023-ZDLNY-49)
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2023JC-XJ-24)
作者信息
    1.西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院,陕西杨凌 712100
    2.西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌 712100
    3.贵州省农业区域经济发展中心,贵阳 550003

通讯作者:

赵西宁(1976—),男,研究员,主要从事农业水土资源调控与利用研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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