农业机械学报

处理	总根长/cm	总根表面积/cm²	平均根直径/mm	总根体积/cm³	根质量/g
W1D1	9 108.01^a	5 020.77^ab	1 780.40^ab	531.46^b	1.03^abc	0.71^ab	21.41^b	8.07^b	4.21^b	1.96^bc
W2D1	9 498.71^a	5 360.28^a	1 869.08^a	592.22^a	1.08^a	0.74^a	23.35^a	8.80^a	4.62^a	2.21^a
W3D1	7 360.03^c	4 242.36^cd	1 478.18^cd	500.97^b	0.93^de	0.68^abc	19.79^b	6.41^de	3.86^c	1.75^de
W4D1	6 988.76^cd	3 531.69^de	1 350.30^de	428.34^de	0.86^fg	0.58^d	18.01^c	5.36^fg	3.47^de	1.62^ef
W1D2	8 225.07^b	4 215.00^c	1 710.08^b	486.86^bc	1.01^bc	0.65^bcd	20.14^b	6.95^cd	4.13^b	1.87^cd
W2D2	9 171.69^a	4 673.54^b	1 809.74^ab	525.43^b	1.04^ab	0.72^ab	21.51^b	7.28^c	4.28^b	2.14^ab
W3D2	7 176.66^cd	3 802.17^de	1 474.66^cd	444.76^cd	0.89^ef	0.64^cd	16.04^def	5.88^ef	3.60^cd	1.64^ef
W4D2	5 860.53^e	2 921.17^fg	1 337.72^de	380.99^e	0.82^fg	0.52^e	14.30^fg	4.80^g	3.24^ef	1.45^fg
W1D3	6 560.26^d	3 340.23^ef	1 381.40^cde	434.61^d	0.96^cd	0.63^cd	16.22^cde	5.66^ef	3.69^cd	1.64^ef
W2D3	6 763.78^cd	3 862.24^cd	1 513.71^c	520.11^b	0.99^bcd	0.64^cd	17.86^cd	6.25^de	3.80^c	1.88^cd
W3D3	5 692.53^e	3 120.93^ef	1 291.89^e	411.44^de	0.86^ef	0.61^d	14.84^ef	5.34^fg	3.42^def	1.47^fg
W4D3	5 206.33^e	2 671.23^g	1 269.34^e	263.53^f	0.79^g	0.50^e	12.75^g	3.40^h	3.19^f	1.36^g
F	W	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
D	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
W×D	*		*	*

处理	总根长/cm	总根表面积/cm²	平均根直径/mm	总根体积/cm³	根质量/g
W1D1	9 108.01^a	5 020.77^ab	1 780.40^ab	531.46^b	1.03^abc	0.71^ab	21.41^b	8.07^b	4.21^b	1.96^bc
W2D1	9 498.71^a	5 360.28^a	1 869.08^a	592.22^a	1.08^a	0.74^a	23.35^a	8.80^a	4.62^a	2.21^a
W3D1	7 360.03^c	4 242.36^cd	1 478.18^cd	500.97^b	0.93^de	0.68^abc	19.79^b	6.41^de	3.86^c	1.75^de
W4D1	6 988.76^cd	3 531.69^de	1 350.30^de	428.34^de	0.86^fg	0.58^d	18.01^c	5.36^fg	3.47^de	1.62^ef
W1D2	8 225.07^b	4 215.00^c	1 710.08^b	486.86^bc	1.01^bc	0.65^bcd	20.14^b	6.95^cd	4.13^b	1.87^cd
W2D2	9 171.69^a	4 673.54^b	1 809.74^ab	525.43^b	1.04^ab	0.72^ab	21.51^b	7.28^c	4.28^b	2.14^ab
W3D2	7 176.66^cd	3 802.17^de	1 474.66^cd	444.76^cd	0.89^ef	0.64^cd	16.04^def	5.88^ef	3.60^cd	1.64^ef
W4D2	5 860.53^e	2 921.17^fg	1 337.72^de	380.99^e	0.82^fg	0.52^e	14.30^fg	4.80^g	3.24^ef	1.45^fg
W1D3	6 560.26^d	3 340.23^ef	1 381.40^cde	434.61^d	0.96^cd	0.63^cd	16.22^cde	5.66^ef	3.69^cd	1.64^ef
W2D3	6 763.78^cd	3 862.24^cd	1 513.71^c	520.11^b	0.99^bcd	0.64^cd	17.86^cd	6.25^de	3.80^c	1.88^cd
W3D3	5 692.53^e	3 120.93^ef	1 291.89^e	411.44^de	0.86^ef	0.61^d	14.84^ef	5.34^fg	3.42^def	1.47^fg
W4D3	5 206.33^e	2 671.23^g	1 269.34^e	263.53^f	0.79^g	0.50^e	12.75^g	3.40^h	3.19^f	1.36^g
F	W	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
D	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
W×D	*		*	*

处理	Pn/（μmol·m^-2·s^-1）	Tr/（mmol·m^-2·s^-1）	Gs/（mol·m^-2·s^-1）	Fv/Fm	ΦPS Ⅱ	NPQ	qP	SPAD
W1D1	23.32^b	18.36^b	11.29^b	10.41^ab	0.52^bc	0.48^ab	0.82^b	0.80^b	0.41^bc	0.36^b	1.62^de	1.76^e	0.63^b	0.60^b	58.02^bc	52.03^bc
W2D1	25.58^a	19.99^a	12.24^a	10.92^a	0.55^a	0.52^a	0.83^a	0.81^a	0.43^a	0.39^a	1.47^f	1.65^f	0.65^a	0.62^a	61.01^a	54.73^a
W3D1	20.68^cd	16.03^c	10.30^cd	9.34^c	0.46^d	0.40^cd	0.81^cd	0.79^cd	0.39^d	0.34^de	1.77^c	1.85^d	0.60^cd	0.55^c	56.8^cd	50.65^c
W4D1	17.29^e	12.71^ef	9.67^ef	8.04^ef	0.41^f	0.36^ef	0.80^de	0.78^ef	0.37^fg	0.33^f	1.92^ab	1.95^bc	0.57^ef	0.53^de	55.09^ef	48.2^cd
W1D2	21.76^c	17.76^b	10.73^c	10.00^b	0.50^c	0.47^b	0.81^c	0.80^bc	0.39^d	0.36^bc	1.73^cd	1.86^d	0.61^c	0.58^b	57.52^cd	51.58^bc
W2D2	23.26^b	19.32^ab	11.63^b	10.44^ab	0.53^ab	0.50^ab	0.82^b	0.84^ab	0.42^b	0.37^b	1.60^e	1.76^e	0.63^b	0.59^b	59.26^b	53.17^ab
W3D2	19.27^d	14.92^cd	10.07^de	8.79^cd	0.44^de	0.37^de	0.80^de	0.79^de	0.38^ef	0.33^ef	1.85^bc	1.87^cd	0.58^de	0.55^cd	55.32^ef	49.65^cde
W4D2	15.67^f	12.06^f	9.22^f	7.52^fg	0.38^gh	0.32^fg	0.79^fg	0.78^f	0.36^gh	0.31^g	1.99^a	1.99^ab	0.56^f	0.52^ef	54.02^fg	46.53^fg
W1D3	19.26^d	14.46^cd	10.05^de	8.42^de	0.42^ef	0.40^cd	0.81^cd	0.79^de	0.39^de	0.34^d	1.80^c	1.91^cd	0.58^de	0.55^cd	56.2^de	50.12^cd
W2D3	20.20^d	15.15^cd	10.62^c	8.74^cd	0.47^d	0.42^c	0.81^c	0.79^cd	0.39^cd	0.35^cd	1.75^c	1.86^cd	0.59^cd	0.56^c	57.47^cd	51.12^bc
W3D3	17.77^e	13.74^de	9.47^f	8.14d^ef	0.40^fg	0.36^de	0.80^ef	0.78^ef	0.37^fg	0.33^f	1.92^ab	2.00^ab	0.55^fg	0.51^fg	54.3^fg	47.63^ef
W4D3	15.02^f	11.50^f	8.67^g	7.09^g	0.37^h	0.31^g	0.78^g	0.78^f	0.35^h	0.31^g	2.03^a	2.05^a	0.54^g	0.50^g	53.29^g	44.68^g
F	W	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
D	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
W×D		*			*	*							*

处理	Pn/（μmol·m^-2·s^-1）	Tr/（mmol·m^-2·s^-1）	Gs/（mol·m^-2·s^-1）	Fv/Fm	ΦPS Ⅱ	NPQ	qP	SPAD
W1D1	23.32^b	18.36^b	11.29^b	10.41^ab	0.52^bc	0.48^ab	0.82^b	0.80^b	0.41^bc	0.36^b	1.62^de	1.76^e	0.63^b	0.60^b	58.02^bc	52.03^bc
W2D1	25.58^a	19.99^a	12.24^a	10.92^a	0.55^a	0.52^a	0.83^a	0.81^a	0.43^a	0.39^a	1.47^f	1.65^f	0.65^a	0.62^a	61.01^a	54.73^a
W3D1	20.68^cd	16.03^c	10.30^cd	9.34^c	0.46^d	0.40^cd	0.81^cd	0.79^cd	0.39^d	0.34^de	1.77^c	1.85^d	0.60^cd	0.55^c	56.8^cd	50.65^c
W4D1	17.29^e	12.71^ef	9.67^ef	8.04^ef	0.41^f	0.36^ef	0.80^de	0.78^ef	0.37^fg	0.33^f	1.92^ab	1.95^bc	0.57^ef	0.53^de	55.09^ef	48.2^cd
W1D2	21.76^c	17.76^b	10.73^c	10.00^b	0.50^c	0.47^b	0.81^c	0.80^bc	0.39^d	0.36^bc	1.73^cd	1.86^d	0.61^c	0.58^b	57.52^cd	51.58^bc
W2D2	23.26^b	19.32^ab	11.63^b	10.44^ab	0.53^ab	0.50^ab	0.82^b	0.84^ab	0.42^b	0.37^b	1.60^e	1.76^e	0.63^b	0.59^b	59.26^b	53.17^ab
W3D2	19.27^d	14.92^cd	10.07^de	8.79^cd	0.44^de	0.37^de	0.80^de	0.79^de	0.38^ef	0.33^ef	1.85^bc	1.87^cd	0.58^de	0.55^cd	55.32^ef	49.65^cde
W4D2	15.67^f	12.06^f	9.22^f	7.52^fg	0.38^gh	0.32^fg	0.79^fg	0.78^f	0.36^gh	0.31^g	1.99^a	1.99^ab	0.56^f	0.52^ef	54.02^fg	46.53^fg
W1D3	19.26^d	14.46^cd	10.05^de	8.42^de	0.42^ef	0.40^cd	0.81^cd	0.79^de	0.39^de	0.34^d	1.80^c	1.91^cd	0.58^de	0.55^cd	56.2^de	50.12^cd
W2D3	20.20^d	15.15^cd	10.62^c	8.74^cd	0.47^d	0.42^c	0.81^c	0.79^cd	0.39^cd	0.35^cd	1.75^c	1.86^cd	0.59^cd	0.56^c	57.47^cd	51.12^bc
W3D3	17.77^e	13.74^de	9.47^f	8.14d^ef	0.40^fg	0.36^de	0.80^ef	0.78^ef	0.37^fg	0.33^f	1.92^ab	2.00^ab	0.55^fg	0.51^fg	54.3^fg	47.63^ef
W4D3	15.02^f	11.50^f	8.67^g	7.09^g	0.37^h	0.31^g	0.78^g	0.78^f	0.35^h	0.31^g	2.03^a	2.05^a	0.54^g	0.50^g	53.29^g	44.68^g
F	W	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
D	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
W×D		*			*	*							*

处理	产量/（t·hm^-2）	可溶性固形物含量/%	维生素C含量/（mg·kg^-1）	可溶性糖含量/%	可滴定酸含量/%	糖酸比	WP/（kg·m^-3）	IWP/（kg·m^-3）
W1D1	131.85^ab	47.20^ab	5.56^fg	4.97^de	188.20^d	150.75^cd	2.76^fg	2.54^ef	0.27^ef	0.31^de	10.30^abc	8.29^cd	35.36^g	21.41^efg	35.69ⁱ	16.70^e
W2D1	136.78^a	50.10^a	5.95^bcd	5.30^bc	206.93^bc	165.73^b	3.19^bc	2.95^bc	0.30^bc	0.34^b	10.67^a	8.70^ab	46.90^de	24.74^cd	46.28^f	22.15^cd
W3D1	118.22^d	40.12^cd	6.14^b	5.53^ab	214.42^ab	169.48^ab	3.27^ab	3.10^ab	0.31^ab	0.35^ab	10.71^a	8.81^ab	49.42^cd	26.03^bc	53.33^d	23.65^bc
W4D1	101.22^f	31.61^fg	6.36^a	5.73^a	223.78^a	178.84^a	3.39^a	3.29^a	0.32^a	0.37^a	10.75^a	9.00^a	58.89^a	29.02^a	68.49^a	27.95^a
W1D2	122.42^cd	43.12^bc	5.36^gh	4.80^ef	175.09^ef	139.51^de	2.67^g	2.32^fg	0.26^fg	0.29^ef	10.14^bc	8.04^d	33.19^g	20.16^fg	33.42ⁱ	15.13^e
W2D2	128.14^bc	45.85^ab	5.67^ef	5.10^cd	197.57^cd	152.62^c	2.92^de	2.81^cd	0.28^de	0.33^bc	10.38^abc	8.49^bc	45.07^e	23.07^de	43.73^g	20.10^d
W3D2	110.25^e	36.19^def	5.89^cd	5.30^bc	205.06^bc	160.11^bc	3.04^cd	2.92^bc	0.29^cd	0.33^bc	10.51^ab	8.71^ab	47.05^de	23.76^cde	50.16^e	21.16^cd
W4D2	89.92^g	29.35^g	6.06^bc	5.60^a	214.42^ab	169.48^ab	3.19^bc	3.07^ab	0.30^bc	0.35^ab	10.69^a	8.78^ab	53.07^b	27.51^ab	61.36^b	25.74^ab
W1D3	106.76^ef	34.51^ef	5.20^h	4.37^g	165.73^f	132.02^e	2.49^h	2.23^g	0.25^g	0.28^f	9.95^c	8.07^d	29.69^h	16.45^h	28.86^j	12.21^f
W2D3	116.82^d	37.06^de	5.44^g	4.70^f	184.46^de	139.51^de	2.69^fg	2.53^ef	0.26^fg	0.30^de	10.19^bc	8.30^cd	41.87^f	19.56^g	39.47^h	16.39^e
W3D3	103.83^f	29.53^g	5.79^de	5.00^de	190.07^d	150.75^cd	2.84^ef	2.68^de	0.27^ef	0.31^cd	10.41^ab	8.53^bc	46.39^e	20.37^fg	46.77^f	17.41^e
W4D3	85.93^g	23.34^h	5.96^bcd	5.23^cd	206.93^bc	167.60^ab	3.14^bc	3.03^bc	0.29^bcd	0.34^ab	10.67^a	8.77^ab	51.54^bc	22.21^ef	58.07^c	20.64^d
F	W	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
D	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	*	*	**	**	**	**
W×D

处理	产量/（t·hm^-2）	可溶性固形物含量/%	维生素C含量/（mg·kg^-1）	可溶性糖含量/%	可滴定酸含量/%	糖酸比	WP/（kg·m^-3）	IWP/（kg·m^-3）
W1D1	131.85^ab	47.20^ab	5.56^fg	4.97^de	188.20^d	150.75^cd	2.76^fg	2.54^ef	0.27^ef	0.31^de	10.30^abc	8.29^cd	35.36^g	21.41^efg	35.69ⁱ	16.70^e
W2D1	136.78^a	50.10^a	5.95^bcd	5.30^bc	206.93^bc	165.73^b	3.19^bc	2.95^bc	0.30^bc	0.34^b	10.67^a	8.70^ab	46.90^de	24.74^cd	46.28^f	22.15^cd
W3D1	118.22^d	40.12^cd	6.14^b	5.53^ab	214.42^ab	169.48^ab	3.27^ab	3.10^ab	0.31^ab	0.35^ab	10.71^a	8.81^ab	49.42^cd	26.03^bc	53.33^d	23.65^bc
W4D1	101.22^f	31.61^fg	6.36^a	5.73^a	223.78^a	178.84^a	3.39^a	3.29^a	0.32^a	0.37^a	10.75^a	9.00^a	58.89^a	29.02^a	68.49^a	27.95^a
W1D2	122.42^cd	43.12^bc	5.36^gh	4.80^ef	175.09^ef	139.51^de	2.67^g	2.32^fg	0.26^fg	0.29^ef	10.14^bc	8.04^d	33.19^g	20.16^fg	33.42ⁱ	15.13^e
W2D2	128.14^bc	45.85^ab	5.67^ef	5.10^cd	197.57^cd	152.62^c	2.92^de	2.81^cd	0.28^de	0.33^bc	10.38^abc	8.49^bc	45.07^e	23.07^de	43.73^g	20.10^d
W3D2	110.25^e	36.19^def	5.89^cd	5.30^bc	205.06^bc	160.11^bc	3.04^cd	2.92^bc	0.29^cd	0.33^bc	10.51^ab	8.71^ab	47.05^de	23.76^cde	50.16^e	21.16^cd
W4D2	89.92^g	29.35^g	6.06^bc	5.60^a	214.42^ab	169.48^ab	3.19^bc	3.07^ab	0.30^bc	0.35^ab	10.69^a	8.78^ab	53.07^b	27.51^ab	61.36^b	25.74^ab
W1D3	106.76^ef	34.51^ef	5.20^h	4.37^g	165.73^f	132.02^e	2.49^h	2.23^g	0.25^g	0.28^f	9.95^c	8.07^d	29.69^h	16.45^h	28.86^j	12.21^f
W2D3	116.82^d	37.06^de	5.44^g	4.70^f	184.46^de	139.51^de	2.69^fg	2.53^ef	0.26^fg	0.30^de	10.19^bc	8.30^cd	41.87^f	19.56^g	39.47^h	16.39^e
W3D3	103.83^f	29.53^g	5.79^de	5.00^de	190.07^d	150.75^cd	2.84^ef	2.68^de	0.27^ef	0.31^cd	10.41^ab	8.53^bc	46.39^e	20.37^fg	46.77^f	17.41^e
W4D3	85.93^g	23.34^h	5.96^bcd	5.23^cd	206.93^bc	167.60^ab	3.14^bc	3.03^bc	0.29^bcd	0.34^ab	10.67^a	8.77^ab	51.54^bc	22.21^ef	58.07^c	20.64^d
F	W	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
D	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	*	*	**	**	**	**
W×D

处理	春茬	秋茬
W1D1	0.542	5	0.657	3
W2D1	0.708	1	0.818	1
W3D1	0.585	3	0.624	4
W4D1	0.567	4	0.509	6
W1D2	0.463	7	0.539	5
W2D2	0.636	2	0.705	2
W3D2	0.470	6	0.489	7
W4D2	0.442	8	0.409	9
W1D3	0.264	12	0.326	10
W2D3	0.420	9	0.472	8
W3D3	0.348	11	0.322	11
W4D3	0.391	10	0.268	12

处理	春茬	秋茬
W1D1	0.542	5	0.657	3
W2D1	0.708	1	0.818	1
W3D1	0.585	3	0.624	4
W4D1	0.567	4	0.509	6
W1D2	0.463	7	0.539	5
W2D2	0.636	2	0.705	2
W3D2	0.470	6	0.489	7
W4D2	0.442	8	0.409	9
W1D3	0.264	12	0.326	10
W2D3	0.420	9	0.472	8
W3D3	0.348	11	0.322	11
W4D3	0.391	10	0.268	12

滴灌水量和灌溉频率对温室番茄光合荧光特性与产量品质的影响

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白振涛 , 张红鑫 , 范军亮 , 曹红霞 , 李志军 , 张富仓

农业机械学报 | 农业水土工程 2025,56(12): 677-686

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农业机械学报 |农业水土工程 2025 , 56 (12) : 677 -686

滴灌水量和灌溉频率对温室番茄光合荧光特性与产量品质的影响

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白振涛, 张红鑫, 范军亮, 曹红霞, 李志军, 张富仓

作者信息

西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，陕西杨凌　712100

通讯作者:

范军亮（1985—），男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事作物水肥高效利用机理与调控研究，E-mail：nwwfjl@163.com

作者简介:

白振涛（1996—），男，博士生，主要从事农业水土资源高效利用研究，E-mail：baizt2020@163.com

Effects of Irrigation Amount and Frequency on Photosynthetic Fluorescence Characteristics, Fruit Yield and Quality of Drip-irrigated Greenhouse Tomato

Zhentao BAI, Hongxin ZHANG, Junliang FAN, Hongxia CAO, Zhijun LI, Fucang ZHANG

Affiliations

Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China

出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.062

文章导航

摘要

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为优化西北旱区日光温室膜下滴灌番茄灌溉制度，本研究于2023年开展春、秋两茬试验，设置4个灌水量（W1：125% ET_c，W2：100% ET_c，W3：75% ET_c，W4：50% ET_c，其中ET_c为作物需水量）和3个灌溉频率（D1：每4 d灌溉1次，D2：每7 d灌溉1次，D3：每10 d灌溉1次），综合评估灌水量与灌溉频率对土壤含水率分布、番茄根系构型、光合荧光特性、产量品质及水分生产力的影响。结果表明：灌水量与灌溉频率对根系构型、光合荧光特性、产量品质及水分生产力指标影响显著（P<0.05）。高频灌溉（D1）显著提升0~60 cm土层土壤含水率，且秋茬土壤含水率高于春茬。适当增加灌水量和高频灌溉有利于番茄根系生长，提高番茄叶片光合荧光参数，从而促进光合效率提升。W2D1处理总根长与根表面积显著高于其他处理（P<0.05），而过量灌溉不利于根系生长。W2D1处理净光合速率、光系统最大光化学效率、PS Ⅱ实际光化学量子产量及叶片叶绿素相对含量均最大。适当增加灌水量和高频灌溉可提高产量5.74%~57.78%。高频灌溉可提高水分生产力，增加番茄果实中可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量，提升番茄品质。基于TOPSIS多目标综合评价方法对番茄地下部根系特征指标、叶片光合荧光参数、产量品质、水分生产力综合评价，得出W2D1处理的综合指标相对贴近度最大，其综合评价最优。研究结果可为制定西北地区膜下滴灌温室番茄高效节水灌溉制度提供理论依据和技术支撑。

关键词

灌溉制度 / 膜下滴灌 / 番茄 / 根系构型 / 水分生产力 / 综合评价

Abstract

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In order to optimize the irrigation system of tomato under film drip irrigation in solar greenhouse in Northwest China, two experiments in spring and autumn in 2023 were conducted, four irrigation amounts (W1: 125% ET_c, W2: 100% ET_c, W3: 75% ET_c, W4: 50% ET_c, ET_c is crop evapotranspiration) and three irrigation frequencies (D1: every 4 days, D2: every 7 days, D3: every 10 days) were set, and the effects of irrigation amount and irrigation frequency on soil moisture content distribution, root architecture, photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics, yield quality and water productivity of tomatoes were systematically evaluated. The results showed that irrigation amount and irrigation frequency had significant effects on root architecture, photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics, yield quality and water productivity (P<0.05). High-frequency irrigation (D1) significantly increased the soil water content in the 0~60 cm soil layer, and the soil moisture content in autumn was higher than that in spring. Appropriately increasing irrigation amount and high-frequency irrigation was beneficial to the growth of tomato roots, improving the photosynthetic fluorescence parameters of tomato leaves, and thus promoting the improvement of photosynthetic efficiency. The total root length and root surface area of W2D1 treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments (P<0.05), while excessive irrigation was not conducive to root growth. The net photosynthetic rate, maximum photochemical efficiency of the photosystem, actual photochemical quantum yield of PS Ⅱ and relative content of leaf chlorophyll in the W2D1 treatment were maximized. Appropriately increasing irrigation amount and high-frequency irrigation could increase yield (5.74%~57.78%). High-frequency irrigation could improve water productivity, increase soluble solids content, vitamin C content, soluble sugar content, and titratable acid content in tomato fruits, thereby improving tomato quality. A comprehensive evaluation of underground root characteristics, leaf photosynthetic fluorescence parameters, yield and quality, and water productivity by using the TOPSIS multi-objective comprehensive evaluation method revealed that the W2D1 treatment had the highest relative similarity in comprehensive indicators, resulting in the optimal comprehensive evaluation. The research results can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the formulation of efficient water-saving irrigation system for greenhouse tomatoes under mulched drip irrigation in Northwest China.

Key words

irrigation system / drip irrigation under film mulch / tomato / root system architecture / water productivity / comprehensive evaluation

引用本文

白振涛, 张红鑫, 范军亮, 曹红霞, 李志军, 张富仓. 滴灌水量和灌溉频率对温室番茄光合荧光特性与产量品质的影响. 农业机械学报, 2025 , 56 (12) : 677 -686 . DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.062

Zhentao BAI, Hongxin ZHANG, Junliang FAN, Hongxia CAO, Zhijun LI, Fucang ZHANG. Effects of Irrigation Amount and Frequency on Photosynthetic Fluorescence Characteristics, Fruit Yield and Quality of Drip-irrigated Greenhouse Tomato[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2025 , 56 (12) : 677 -686 . DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.062

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0　引言

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水资源短缺是干旱与半干旱地区灌溉农业可持续发展的核心制约因素，严重威胁区域粮食安全^[1]。在温室生产体系中，由于覆盖结构阻隔自然降水，作物需水完全依赖人工灌溉补给^[2]。滴灌作为设施蔬菜高效用水的主流技术，结合塑料薄膜覆盖形成的膜下滴灌技术，因其显著的节水增效潜力，在温室作物栽培中应用广泛^[3]。膜下滴灌通过精准调控，将水分和养分直接输送至作物根区，有效减少深层渗漏与无效蒸发，维持土壤结构稳定，提升水肥利用效率^[4]。相较于传统滴灌，膜下滴灌能更好地保持根区温湿度环境，抑制土壤蒸发，从而显著提高作物产量与水分生产力，对优化农业用水至关重要^[5]。番茄（Solanum lycopersicum L.）作为全球重要的高价值园艺作物，富含多种生物活性物质^[6]，在中国西北干旱区日光温室栽培中占据主导地位^[7]。然而，番茄属高需水作物，其生长发育、产量形成及品质对水分胁迫极为敏感^[8]。西北地区水资源高度稀缺，使得精准水分管理成为该区域温室番茄高产优质高效生产的核心环节^[9]。

在灌溉实践中，灌水量是决定水分利用效率与作物响应的首要因素。水不仅是光合作用、物质运输等生理过程的介质，更直接影响根际环境与养分有效性^[10]。在干旱区，亏缺灌溉作为一种节水策略被广泛研究，其通过适度控水减少蒸散发，可在维持一定产量水平下显著提升水分生产力^[11]。然而过度水分亏缺则会显著抑制番茄生长，损害生殖发育，降低产量与品质^[12]。过度灌溉虽可能短期促进生长，却导致水分生产力下降，并引发养分淋失、根系缺氧及次生盐渍化风险，最终抑制产量并增加水资源消耗^[13]。因此，寻求适宜灌水量对平衡番茄生长需求与资源高效利用至关重要。灌溉频率是优化滴灌制度、实现根区水氮精准调控的另一关键参数^[14]，直接影响土壤剖面水分与养分的时空分布、根区湿润体动态及水气平衡^[15]。有研究表明，在灌水量相同条件下，较高灌溉频率通常形成较小湿润体，但能维持更高的根区土壤含水率^[16]。然而，灌溉频率对蔬菜和作物生长及产量的影响存在争议^[17]。例如，增加灌溉频率在适水条件下有利于马铃薯、玉米等作物生长发育^[14,18]，然而可能对黄瓜、蓝莓等作物产生不利影响^[19-20]。这表明灌溉频率优化需紧密结合特定作物需水特性及环境条件。

综上，在日光温室膜下滴灌番茄系统中，科学调控灌水量与灌溉频率是协同实现节水、高产、优质的核心途径。现有研究多聚焦单一因素（水量或频率）^[8,12-13]，或仅关注最终产量与水分利用^[7,9]。针对西北干旱区日光温室环境，灌水量与灌溉频率耦合作用对番茄土壤水分动态、根系构型、光合与叶绿素荧光特性、产量品质形成及水分生产力的系统影响机制仍不明晰。因此，本研究通过可控温室试验，系统探究不同灌水量与灌溉频率组合对膜下滴灌番茄土壤水分分布、根系生长特征、光合荧光参数、果实产量品质及水分生产力的综合效应。采用TOPSIS方法对春茬和秋茬番茄生长生理、产量品质和水分生产力指标进行综合评价，筛选膜下滴灌日光温室番茄最优灌水量和灌溉频率组合模式，以期为制定西北地区温室番茄高效节水灌溉制度提供理论依据和技术支撑。

1　材料与方法

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1.1　研究区概况

试验于2023年3—7月（春茬）和8—12月（秋茬）在西北农林科技大学教育部旱区农业水土工程重点实验室（34°20′N，108°04′E，海拔521 m）试验基地日光温室内进行。试验区位于陕西关中平原，属于暖温带季风半湿润气候区，年均降水量为590 mm，平均气温为13.67℃，潜在蒸发量为1 500 mm，年均日照时数为2 163.8 h，全年无霜期为211 d。气象数据采用HOBO小型气象站自动监测获取（图1），由于本试验是在日光温室内展开，故未考虑降水量。温室内土壤类型为重壤土，容重为1.43 g/cm³，田间持水量为24%（质量含水率），pH值为8.1，速效氮含量为33.2 mg/kg，速效磷含量为23.5 mg/kg，速效钾含量为88.8 mg/kg。

1.2　试验设计

试验设置4个灌水量（W1：125% ET_c，W2：100% ET_c，W3：75% ET_c，W4：50% ET_c，其中ET_c为作物需水量）和3个灌溉频率（D1：每4 d灌溉1次，D2：每7 d灌溉1次，D3：每10 d灌溉1次），共计12个处理，每个处理重复3次。小区长宽为7.1 m×0.9 m。供试验番茄品种为‘金棚101’，番茄移栽时间分别为2023年3月31日和8月25日。采用1膜2管2行（40 cm等行距）种植模式，株距为40 cm，滴灌管紧邻番茄种植行，滴头间距为0.3 m，流量为2.0 L/h。氮肥施用量为250 kg/hm²，磷肥（P₂O₅）和钾肥（K₂O）施用量均为130 kg/hm²。苗期、开花坐果期、果实膨大期、成熟期肥料施用量分别占总施用量的12.5%、12.5%、50.0%、25.0%。采用FAO-56推荐Penman-Monteith公式^[21]计算作物需水量，其中苗期、开花坐果期、果实膨大期、成熟期的作物系数分别采用FAO-56推荐的0.35、1.1、1.1、0.6^[22]。番茄生育期灌水时间及灌水量如图2所示。

1.3　指标测定方法

1.3.1　土壤含水率测定

在果实膨大期选择一次亏复水周期，分别在灌后1 d和下次灌前1 d选取两植株中间位置，在深度10、20、30、40、50、60 cm处取土样，通过干燥称质量法测量土壤质量含水率。

1.3.2　根系特征测定

在成熟期，利用根钻（直径为10 cm，高度为10 cm）在番茄植株一侧连续选取6个点位，按照3（垂直于番茄植株行）×2（平行番茄植株行）布局采集根系样品，每个小区在长度为30 cm、宽度为20 cm、深度为30 cm的土体中共计采集18个圆柱土体。该采样深度主要依据温室番茄根系集中分布范围^[23]以及滴灌湿润体特征^[24]确定。随后将根系分离，使用蒸馏水清洗后利用EPSON Perfection V700型扫描仪获取根系图像，利用Win RHIZO根系分析软件进行处理，得到番茄总根长、总根表面积、平均根直径、总根体积特征参数，然后将根系样品置于干燥箱中，75℃干燥至恒定质量，获取根质量。

1.3.3　光合荧光参数测定

在果实膨大期（D1处理灌后第2天、D2处理灌后第4天、D3处理灌后第5天），每个小区随机选取6株具有代表性番茄植株，使用便携式光合作用系统（LI-6800型，LI-COR，美国）在10:00—12:00测量第3片完全展开叶的净光合速率（Pn，μmol/（m²·s））、蒸腾速率（Tr，mmol/（m²·s））和气孔导度（Gs，mol/（m²·s））。使用便携式叶绿素计（SPAD-502型，Konica Minolta，日本）测定叶片叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）。采集叶片进行30 min暗适应处理后，使用植物荧光成像仪（CFImager，Technologica，英国）测定叶片光系统最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、PS Ⅱ实际光化学量子产量（ΦPS Ⅱ）、非光化学淬灭系数（NPQ）、光化学淬灭系数（qP）。

1.3.4　番茄产量测定

在果实成熟阶段，每个处理随机标记15株代表性植株。每隔5~7 d人工分批采摘1次，收获时测定计算各处理的单位面积产量。

1.3.5　番茄品质测定

在成熟期，从每个处理中选取15个大小均匀、着色程度一致的果实。使用便携式折射仪（UV2300型）测定可溶性固形物含量，采用钼蓝比色法测定维生素C含量，采用蒽酮比色法测定可溶性糖含量^[25]，采用0.1 mol/L NaOH滴定可滴定酸含量^[26]，糖酸比为可溶性糖含量与可滴定酸含量比值。

1.3.6　水分生产力

采用土壤水分平衡法^[27]计算番茄全生育期的耗水量（ET，mm），试验是在温室内采用膜下滴灌进行且单次灌水量较少，试验区地下水位在50 m以下，故降水量、土壤径流量、深层渗漏量和地下水补给量均忽略不计。水分生产力（WP，kg/m³）和灌溉水分生产力（IWP，kg/m³）分别为产量与ET比值和产量与全生育期灌水量比值。

1.4　数据处理与分析

使用Microsoft Excel 2010记录整理数据、Origin 2024绘制图表，使用SPSS Statistics 27进行数据分析与显著性检验。采用优劣解距离法（TOPSIS）^[28]综合评价不同灌水量和灌溉频率组合模式。

2　结果与分析

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2.1　灌水量和灌溉频率对番茄根区土壤含水率的影响

图3为春茬和秋茬番茄果实膨大期不同灌水量和灌溉频率下，根区土壤含水率在一次亏复水周期内灌后1 d和下次灌前1 d的变化情况。不同灌水量和灌溉频率对土壤含水率的影响随土层深度增加而呈减弱趋势。春茬和秋茬0~60 cm土壤含水率均随灌水量和灌溉频率增加而增加，秋茬平均土壤含水率高于春茬。春茬试验中W1处理0~60 cm平均土壤含水率（灌后1 d）较W2增加10.90%、较W3增加17.99%、较W4增加31.34%。W1处理0~60 cm平均土壤含水率（下次灌前1 d）显著高于其他处理，较W2增加9.95%、较W3增加18.85%、较W4增加28.95%。D1处理0~60 cm平均土壤含水率（下次灌前1 d）高于D2和D3处理，较D2增加1.37%、较D3增加26.06%。秋茬试验中，与W4处理0~60 cm土壤含水率（下次灌前1 d）相比，W1处理增加23.86%~29.66%、W2处理增加13.34%~18.08%、W3处理增加6.01%~8.59%。相较于D2和D3处理，D1处理平均土壤含水率（下次灌前1 d）比D2处理增加6.35%，比D3处理增加13.03%。由以上分析可知，高频灌溉0~60 cm土层土壤含水率较低频灌溉（D3）提高13.03%~26.06%，对提高土壤含水率效果更为明显，可显著维持根区土壤水分稳定性。

2.2　灌水量和灌溉频率对番茄根系特征的影响

灌水量和灌溉频率对成熟期膜下滴灌温室番茄总根长、总根表面积、平均根直径、总根体积和根质量影响极显著（P<0.01），灌水量和灌溉频率交互作用对总根长（春茬）和总根表面积（春茬和秋茬）影响显著（P<0.05）。由表1可知，秋茬番茄的平均总根长、平均总根表面积、平均总体积比春茬番茄分别降低46.63%、69.78%、65.69%。春茬试验中，D1处理总根长和总根表面积显著高于D2和D3处理（P<0.05）。相同灌水频率下，W1和W2处理总根长和总根表面积差异不显著（P>0.05），但二者均显著高于W3和W4处理（P<0.05）。增加灌水量和灌溉频率可显著提高总根体积（8.57%~39.21%）。秋茬试验中，总根长、总根表面积和总根体积随灌水量增加呈先增加后降低趋势，并随灌溉频率增加而增加。W4处理总根长（26.16%~34.46%）、总根表面积（34.34%~39.28%）、总根体积（18.28%~23.12%）显著低于其他处理（P<0.05）。适量增加灌水量可以显著提高平均根直径（P<0.05），与其他灌水量处理相比，W2处理显著提高平均根直径3.80%~30.81%。D1和D2处理较D3处理平均根直径分别增长3.65%和4.13%。与其他灌水量处理相比，W2处理显著提高番茄根质量9.64%~34.37%。在所有处理中，W2D1处理根系特征表现最优。由以上分析可知，适当增加灌水量和灌水频率有利于番茄根系生长，而过量灌溉不利于根系生长。

2.3　灌水量和灌溉频率对番茄叶片光合荧光参数的影响

灌水量和灌溉频率对春茬和秋茬番茄叶片光合荧光参数均具有极显著影响（P<0.01），二者交互作用仅对Pn（秋茬）、Gs（春茬和秋茬）、qP（春茬）具有显著影响（P<0.05）。由表2可知，叶片光合荧光参数随灌水量增加呈先增加后减小趋势，与灌水频率呈正相关关系（NPQ除外），其中Pn、Tr、Gs、Fv/Fm、ΦPS Ⅱ、qP、SPAD均在W2D1处理达到最大值。春茬番茄Pn较秋茬增长28.54%。W2处理显著提高叶片Gs（11.75%~40%）（P<0.05）。与D3处理相比，增加灌溉频率显著提高叶片Gs（14.32%~23.49%）（P<0.05）。W2处理Fv/Fm（两茬平均值）较W1、W3、W4处理分别增长0.90%、2.06%、3.28%。W2处理ΦPS Ⅱ（两茬平均值）较W1、W3、W4处理分别增长4.42%、10.48%、16.22%。与低频率灌溉（D2和D3）相比，高频率灌溉（D1）降低NPQ（3.70%~7.88%）。秋茬番茄NPQ平均值较春茬降低0.90%~9.47%。与D2、D3处理相比，D1处理qP分别增长3.63%、6.90%。与其他灌水量处理相比，W2处理SPAD显著增长3.44%~14.06%（P<0.05）。由以上分析可知，适宜的灌水量和灌水频率可通过提高番茄叶片光合荧光参数来提升光合效率。

2.4　灌水量和灌溉频率对番茄产量品质与水分生产力的影响

由表3可知，灌水量和灌溉频率对春茬和秋茬番茄产量、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、WP、IWP均具有极显著影响（P<0.01），灌水量对糖酸比影响极显著（P<0.01），灌溉频率对糖酸比影响显著（P<0.05）。产量随灌水量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势，品质和水分生产力均随灌水量增加而降低，产量、品质和水分生产力与灌溉频率均呈正相关关系。W2、W3和W4处理下可滴定酸含量差异不显著（P>0.05）。整体上，番茄秋茬产量比春茬降低66.87%。与其他灌水量处理相比，W2处理显著提高产量5.74%~57.78%（P<0.05），W2D1处理产量最大。增加灌溉频率有利于提高番茄总产量，与D3处理相比，D1和D2处理春茬产量分别增长18.08%和9.05%，而秋茬D1和D2处理间产量差异不显著（P>0.05）。与高灌水量相比，W4处理显著降低番茄果实总可溶性固形物含量（3.09%~12.29%）。D1处理春茬维生素C含量较D2处理增长5.20%，较D3处理增长11.53%。W4处理可溶性糖含量最高，W1、W2、W3处理较W4分别减少21.46%、10.62%、6.67%。增加灌溉频率显著提高可滴定酸含量（1.74%~3.37%）（P<0.05）。增加灌水量和灌溉频率可显著提高糖酸比（1.97%~5.39%）（P<0.05）。与亏缺灌溉（W4处理）相比，增加灌水量显著降低WP（11.77%~33.12%）和IWP（29.67%~101.24%）（P<0.05）。秋茬WP平均值较春季降低49.1%。由以上分析结果可知，适当增加灌水量和高频灌溉可提高产量（5.74%~57.78%），高频灌溉可提高水分生产力，增加番茄果实中的可溶性固形物、维生素C、可溶性糖、可滴定酸含量，从而提升番茄品质。

2.5　综合评价

通过试验分析膜下滴灌日光温室番茄地下部生长指标、地上部叶片光合荧光参数、产量品质及水分生产力的影响规律，选取地下部根系特征指标、叶片光合荧光参数、产量品质、水分生产力4方面21个评价指标，采用TOPSIS方法进行膜下滴灌日光温室番茄综合指标评价，寻求膜下滴灌日光温室番茄最优灌水量和灌溉频率组合模式。不同灌水量和灌溉频率组合的相对贴合度和综合排名如表4所示。春茬和秋茬均显示W2D1处理综合排名最高，W2D2处理次之，春茬W1D3处理和秋茬W4D3处理综合排名最低。在灌水量处理中，W2处理可获得更高的相对贴合度和综合排名。在灌溉频率处理中，D1和D2处理可获得更高的相对贴合度和综合排名。

3　讨论

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优化灌水量与灌溉频率可有效调控土壤水分状况^[29]。本研究结果表明，灌水量和灌溉频率对番茄根区土壤含水率具有显著影响，且该影响随土层加深而逐渐减弱。高灌水量（W1）配合高频灌溉（D1）可显著提高并维持土壤含水率。这与FENG等^[30]的研究结果一致。其核心机制在于高频灌溉通过缩短干旱间隔期，能及时补充土壤水分，从而有效缓解灌溉周期内的水分耗竭，降低土壤干旱胁迫风险。此外，本研究还发现秋茬土壤整体含水率高于春茬，这种差异主要源于季节性气候因素，春茬番茄参考蒸发蒸腾量较高，而秋茬由于温度逐渐降低，实际耗水量减少，土壤水分消耗降低^[23]。

灌水量与灌溉频率对温室番茄根系形态特征具有协同调控作用。在春秋两茬试验中，根系参数（总根长、总根表面积、总根体积等）对水分的响应呈现非线性特征：W2处理显著提高平均根直径（增幅3.80%~30.81%）和根质量（增幅9.64%~34.37%），而过量灌溉（W1）则导致根系指标下降26.16%~39.28%。这可能是因为W2处理的水分可充分满足细胞膨压需求，促进根系分生组织活性^[31]，过量灌溉导致土壤孔隙被水填满，氧气扩散受阻，根系呼吸受限，抑制了细胞伸长与分裂，这与雷宏军等^[32]研究结果一致。此外，灌溉频率的调控效应同样具有临界性。高频灌溉通过维持根区水分-氧气动态平衡，使总根长与表面积显著优于低频处理。这与路希^[33]的中频灌溉最优结果有所不同，这可能是因为单次灌水量不同导致根系水分的吸收有所差异。

适宜的灌水量和灌水频率可提高番茄叶片光合荧光参数，从而提升光合效率^[34]。番茄叶片光合荧光参数对灌水量和灌溉频率高度敏感，且存在显著交互效应。适度水分供应（W2）通过优化气孔开度和光系统Ⅱ（PS Ⅱ）活性，促进叶绿素合成，从而显著增强碳同化效率，而灌水过量则引发根际缺氧，间接抑制光合同化酶活性^[35]。高频灌溉则通过维持稳定的土壤水势，减少气孔因水分不足诱发气孔限制性闭合，从而协同提升净光合速率。这与BHATTACHARYA等^[36]的研究结果一致。适度水分可平衡气孔导度与CO₂扩散效率，而高频灌溉通过持续的水分供应避免保卫细胞膨压失衡，共同缓解光合抑制^[24]。在本研究中，采用中等灌水量结合高频灌溉（W2D1处理）可通过协同优化气孔行为、PS Ⅱ功能及光能分配，实现光合效率最大化。

灌水量与灌溉频率对番茄产量形成和品质调控具有显著协同效应。适度增加灌水量（W2）和高频灌溉（D1）可显著提高番茄产量，这是因为适量的灌水量不会对番茄根系产生水分胁迫，并且高频灌溉维持了根区水分保持稳定，通过优化土壤水分空间分布，促进番茄根系生长发育^[37]，增强光合产物向果实转运的能力，并促进蔗糖代谢关键酶活性^[38]，最终实现可溶性固形物、维生素C及可滴定酸的协同增加，达成产量与品质同步提升。在本研究中，秋茬产量较春茬降低66.87%，这可能是因为除光温资源差异外^[9]，秋茬高湿环境诱发的病害^[39]也是原因之一。亏缺灌溉（W4）虽然可以使WP与IWP较其他处理提高29.67%~101.24%，但其产量显著下降。因此，中灌水量-高频次（W2D1处理）灌溉模式更有利于实现产量-品质-水分生产力的协同提升。

灌水量与灌溉频率的交互效应存在非线性阈值。高频灌溉（D1）虽能提升根区水分有效性，但其增效依赖于灌水量的适度调控：过量灌溉（W1）可能导致土壤氧气扩散受阻，抑制根系呼吸及光合酶活性^[32]；而灌水不足（W4）即使配合高频灌溉，仍因水分胁迫限制气孔开度与碳同化效率^[35]。这一机制解释了W2D1处理在根系特征、光合效能及产量品质上均表现最优，而W1D1和W4D1处理则因土壤根系水-气失衡未能充分发挥高频灌溉潜力的原因。

然而，本研究仅设置4个灌水量、3个灌溉频率和春秋两茬试验，缺乏多品种和多年验证，未来应开展长期和多品种试验，以评估灌溉模式的稳定性与可推广性。可结合土壤水肥动态、根区氮素迁移转化及微生物过程，深入解析水-肥互作机制，进一步优化水肥协同调控模型。

4　结论

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（1）高频灌溉（每4 d灌溉1次）显著维持根区土壤水分稳定性，0~60 cm土层土壤含水率较低频灌溉（每10 d灌溉1次）提高13.03%~26.06%，且秋茬土壤含水率整体高于春茬。

（2）100% ET_c灌水量结合4 d 1次灌溉频率（W2D1处理）为最优组合，其根系总长、净光合速率、光系统最大光化学效率以及PS Ⅱ实际光化学量子产量均最大，过量灌溉（W1）则抑制根系生长。

（3）W2D1处理实现最高产量与最优糖酸比，亏缺灌溉（W4）可以提升水分生产力，但产量显著降低。

（4）TOPSIS多指标综合评价表明，W2D1处理根系发育、光合效率、产量品质及水分生产力最优，可作为西北地区日光温室膜下滴灌番茄节水高产的适宜灌溉制度。

基金

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中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2452020018)

参考文献

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文献

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Xiaolong

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Yanli

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Jianli

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Zhenhua

, CHEN

Xiaojie

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2025年第56卷第12期

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BibTeX

文章信息

doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.062

接收时间：2025-06-30
首发时间：2026-09-30
出版时间：2025-12-25

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文章信息

作者

出版历史

收稿日期：2025-06-30
修回日期：2025-07-18

基金

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2452020018)

作者信息

西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，陕西杨凌　712100

通讯作者:

范军亮（1985—），男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事作物水肥高效利用机理与调控研究，E-mail：nwwfjl@163.com

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/nyjxxb/CN/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.062

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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TxT

处理	总根长/cm	总根表面积/cm²	平均根直径/mm	总根体积/cm³	根质量/g
W1D1	9 108.01^a	5 020.77^ab	1 780.40^ab	531.46^b	1.03^abc	0.71^ab	21.41^b	8.07^b	4.21^b	1.96^bc
W2D1	9 498.71^a	5 360.28^a	1 869.08^a	592.22^a	1.08^a	0.74^a	23.35^a	8.80^a	4.62^a	2.21^a
W3D1	7 360.03^c	4 242.36^cd	1 478.18^cd	500.97^b	0.93^de	0.68^abc	19.79^b	6.41^de	3.86^c	1.75^de
W4D1	6 988.76^cd	3 531.69^de	1 350.30^de	428.34^de	0.86^fg	0.58^d	18.01^c	5.36^fg	3.47^de	1.62^ef
W1D2	8 225.07^b	4 215.00^c	1 710.08^b	486.86^bc	1.01^bc	0.65^bcd	20.14^b	6.95^cd	4.13^b	1.87^cd
W2D2	9 171.69^a	4 673.54^b	1 809.74^ab	525.43^b	1.04^ab	0.72^ab	21.51^b	7.28^c	4.28^b	2.14^ab
W3D2	7 176.66^cd	3 802.17^de	1 474.66^cd	444.76^cd	0.89^ef	0.64^cd	16.04^def	5.88^ef	3.60^cd	1.64^ef
W4D2	5 860.53^e	2 921.17^fg	1 337.72^de	380.99^e	0.82^fg	0.52^e	14.30^fg	4.80^g	3.24^ef	1.45^fg
W1D3	6 560.26^d	3 340.23^ef	1 381.40^cde	434.61^d	0.96^cd	0.63^cd	16.22^cde	5.66^ef	3.69^cd	1.64^ef
W2D3	6 763.78^cd	3 862.24^cd	1 513.71^c	520.11^b	0.99^bcd	0.64^cd	17.86^cd	6.25^de	3.80^c	1.88^cd
W3D3	5 692.53^e	3 120.93^ef	1 291.89^e	411.44^de	0.86^ef	0.61^d	14.84^ef	5.34^fg	3.42^def	1.47^fg
W4D3	5 206.33^e	2 671.23^g	1 269.34^e	263.53^f	0.79^g	0.50^e	12.75^g	3.40^h	3.19^f	1.36^g
F	W	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
D	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
W×D	*		*	*

处理

总根长/cm

总根表面积/cm²

平均根直径/mm

总根体积/cm³

根质量/g

春茬

秋茬

春茬

秋茬

春茬

秋茬

春茬

秋茬

春茬

秋茬

W1D1

9 108.01^a

5 020.77^ab

1 780.40^ab

531.46^b

1.03^abc

0.71^ab

21.41^b

8.07^b

4.21^b

1.96^bc

W2D1

9 498.71^a

5 360.28^a

1 869.08^a

592.22^a

1.08^a

0.74^a

23.35^a

8.80^a

4.62^a

2.21^a

W3D1

7 360.03^c

4 242.36^cd

1 478.18^cd

500.97^b

0.93^de

0.68^abc

19.79^b

6.41^de

3.86^c

1.75^de

W4D1

6 988.76^cd

3 531.69^de

1 350.30^de

428.34^de

0.86^fg

0.58^d

18.01^c

5.36^fg

3.47^de

1.62^ef

W1D2

8 225.07^b

4 215.00^c

1 710.08^b

486.86^bc

1.01^bc

0.65^bcd

20.14^b

6.95^cd

4.13^b

1.87^cd

W2D2

9 171.69^a

4 673.54^b

1 809.74^ab

525.43^b

1.04^ab

0.72^ab

21.51^b

7.28^c

4.28^b

2.14^ab

W3D2

7 176.66^cd

3 802.17^de

1 474.66^cd

444.76^cd

0.89^ef

0.64^cd

16.04^def

5.88^ef

3.60^cd

1.64^ef

W4D2

5 860.53^e

2 921.17^fg

1 337.72^de

380.99^e

0.82^fg

0.52^e

14.30^fg

4.80^g

3.24^ef

1.45^fg

W1D3

6 560.26^d

3 340.23^ef

1 381.40^cde

434.61^d

0.96^cd

0.63^cd

16.22^cde

5.66^ef

3.69^cd

1.64^ef

W2D3

6 763.78^cd

3 862.24^cd

1 513.71^c

520.11^b

0.99^bcd

0.64^cd

17.86^cd

6.25^de

3.80^c

1.88^cd

W3D3

5 692.53^e

3 120.93^ef

1 291.89^e

411.44^de

0.86^ef

0.61^d

14.84^ef

5.34^fg

3.42^def

1.47^fg

W4D3

5 206.33^e

2 671.23^g

1 269.34^e

263.53^f

0.79^g

0.50^e

12.75^g

3.40^h

3.19^f

1.36^g

W×D

处理	Pn/（μmol·m^-2·s^-1）	Tr/（mmol·m^-2·s^-1）	Gs/（mol·m^-2·s^-1）	Fv/Fm	ΦPS Ⅱ	NPQ	qP	SPAD
W1D1	23.32^b	18.36^b	11.29^b	10.41^ab	0.52^bc	0.48^ab	0.82^b	0.80^b	0.41^bc	0.36^b	1.62^de	1.76^e	0.63^b	0.60^b	58.02^bc	52.03^bc
W2D1	25.58^a	19.99^a	12.24^a	10.92^a	0.55^a	0.52^a	0.83^a	0.81^a	0.43^a	0.39^a	1.47^f	1.65^f	0.65^a	0.62^a	61.01^a	54.73^a
W3D1	20.68^cd	16.03^c	10.30^cd	9.34^c	0.46^d	0.40^cd	0.81^cd	0.79^cd	0.39^d	0.34^de	1.77^c	1.85^d	0.60^cd	0.55^c	56.8^cd	50.65^c
W4D1	17.29^e	12.71^ef	9.67^ef	8.04^ef	0.41^f	0.36^ef	0.80^de	0.78^ef	0.37^fg	0.33^f	1.92^ab	1.95^bc	0.57^ef	0.53^de	55.09^ef	48.2^cd
W1D2	21.76^c	17.76^b	10.73^c	10.00^b	0.50^c	0.47^b	0.81^c	0.80^bc	0.39^d	0.36^bc	1.73^cd	1.86^d	0.61^c	0.58^b	57.52^cd	51.58^bc
W2D2	23.26^b	19.32^ab	11.63^b	10.44^ab	0.53^ab	0.50^ab	0.82^b	0.84^ab	0.42^b	0.37^b	1.60^e	1.76^e	0.63^b	0.59^b	59.26^b	53.17^ab
W3D2	19.27^d	14.92^cd	10.07^de	8.79^cd	0.44^de	0.37^de	0.80^de	0.79^de	0.38^ef	0.33^ef	1.85^bc	1.87^cd	0.58^de	0.55^cd	55.32^ef	49.65^cde
W4D2	15.67^f	12.06^f	9.22^f	7.52^fg	0.38^gh	0.32^fg	0.79^fg	0.78^f	0.36^gh	0.31^g	1.99^a	1.99^ab	0.56^f	0.52^ef	54.02^fg	46.53^fg
W1D3	19.26^d	14.46^cd	10.05^de	8.42^de	0.42^ef	0.40^cd	0.81^cd	0.79^de	0.39^de	0.34^d	1.80^c	1.91^cd	0.58^de	0.55^cd	56.2^de	50.12^cd
W2D3	20.20^d	15.15^cd	10.62^c	8.74^cd	0.47^d	0.42^c	0.81^c	0.79^cd	0.39^cd	0.35^cd	1.75^c	1.86^cd	0.59^cd	0.56^c	57.47^cd	51.12^bc
W3D3	17.77^e	13.74^de	9.47^f	8.14d^ef	0.40^fg	0.36^de	0.80^ef	0.78^ef	0.37^fg	0.33^f	1.92^ab	2.00^ab	0.55^fg	0.51^fg	54.3^fg	47.63^ef
W4D3	15.02^f	11.50^f	8.67^g	7.09^g	0.37^h	0.31^g	0.78^g	0.78^f	0.35^h	0.31^g	2.03^a	2.05^a	0.54^g	0.50^g	53.29^g	44.68^g
F	W	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
D	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
W×D		*			*	*							*

处理

Pn/（μmol·m^-2·s^-1）

Tr/（mmol·m^-2·s^-1）

Gs/（mol·m^-2·s^-1）

Fv/Fm

ΦPS Ⅱ

NPQ

SPAD

春茬

秋茬

春茬

秋茬

春茬

秋茬

春茬

秋茬

春茬

秋茬

春茬

秋茬

春茬

秋茬

春茬

秋茬

W1D1

23.32^b

18.36^b

11.29^b

10.41^ab

0.52^bc

0.48^ab

0.82^b

0.80^b

0.41^bc

0.36^b

1.62^de

1.76^e

0.63^b

0.60^b

58.02^bc

52.03^bc

W2D1

25.58^a

19.99^a

12.24^a

10.92^a

0.55^a

0.52^a

0.83^a

0.81^a

0.43^a

0.39^a

1.47^f

1.65^f

0.65^a

0.62^a

61.01^a

54.73^a

W3D1

20.68^cd

16.03^c

10.30^cd

9.34^c

0.46^d

0.40^cd

0.81^cd

0.79^cd

0.39^d

0.34^de

1.77^c

1.85^d

0.60^cd

0.55^c

56.8^cd

50.65^c

W4D1

17.29^e

12.71^ef

9.67^ef

8.04^ef

0.41^f

0.36^ef

0.80^de

0.78^ef

0.37^fg

0.33^f

1.92^ab

1.95^bc

0.57^ef

0.53^de

55.09^ef

48.2^cd

W1D2

21.76^c

17.76^b

10.73^c

10.00^b

0.50^c

0.47^b

0.81^c

0.80^bc

0.39^d

0.36^bc

1.73^cd

1.86^d

0.61^c

0.58^b

57.52^cd

51.58^bc

W2D2

23.26^b

19.32^ab

11.63^b

10.44^ab

0.53^ab

0.50^ab

0.82^b

0.84^ab

0.42^b

0.37^b

1.60^e

1.76^e

0.63^b

0.59^b

59.26^b

53.17^ab

W3D2

19.27^d

14.92^cd

10.07^de

8.79^cd

0.44^de

0.37^de

0.80^de

0.79^de

0.38^ef

0.33^ef

1.85^bc

1.87^cd

0.58^de

0.55^cd

55.32^ef

49.65^cde

W4D2

15.67^f

12.06^f

9.22^f

7.52^fg

0.38^gh

0.32^fg

0.79^fg

0.78^f

0.36^gh

0.31^g

1.99^a

1.99^ab

0.56^f

0.52^ef

54.02^fg

46.53^fg

W1D3

19.26^d

14.46^cd

10.05^de

8.42^de

0.42^ef

0.40^cd

0.81^cd

0.79^de

0.39^de

0.34^d

1.80^c

1.91^cd

0.58^de

0.55^cd

56.2^de

50.12^cd

W2D3

20.20^d

15.15^cd

10.62^c

8.74^cd

0.47^d

0.42^c

0.81^c

0.79^cd

0.39^cd

0.35^cd

1.75^c

1.86^cd

0.59^cd

0.56^c

57.47^cd

51.12^bc

W3D3

17.77^e

13.74^de

9.47^f

8.14d^ef

0.40^fg

0.36^de

0.80^ef

0.78^ef

0.37^fg

0.33^f

1.92^ab

2.00^ab

0.55^fg

0.51^fg

54.3^fg

47.63^ef

W4D3

15.02^f

11.50^f

8.67^g

7.09^g

0.37^h

0.31^g

0.78^g

0.78^f

0.35^h

0.31^g

2.03^a

2.05^a

0.54^g

0.50^g

53.29^g

44.68^g

W×D

处理	产量/（t·hm^-2）	可溶性固形物含量/%	维生素C含量/（mg·kg^-1）	可溶性糖含量/%	可滴定酸含量/%	糖酸比	WP/（kg·m^-3）	IWP/（kg·m^-3）
W1D1	131.85^ab	47.20^ab	5.56^fg	4.97^de	188.20^d	150.75^cd	2.76^fg	2.54^ef	0.27^ef	0.31^de	10.30^abc	8.29^cd	35.36^g	21.41^efg	35.69ⁱ	16.70^e
W2D1	136.78^a	50.10^a	5.95^bcd	5.30^bc	206.93^bc	165.73^b	3.19^bc	2.95^bc	0.30^bc	0.34^b	10.67^a	8.70^ab	46.90^de	24.74^cd	46.28^f	22.15^cd
W3D1	118.22^d	40.12^cd	6.14^b	5.53^ab	214.42^ab	169.48^ab	3.27^ab	3.10^ab	0.31^ab	0.35^ab	10.71^a	8.81^ab	49.42^cd	26.03^bc	53.33^d	23.65^bc
W4D1	101.22^f	31.61^fg	6.36^a	5.73^a	223.78^a	178.84^a	3.39^a	3.29^a	0.32^a	0.37^a	10.75^a	9.00^a	58.89^a	29.02^a	68.49^a	27.95^a
W1D2	122.42^cd	43.12^bc	5.36^gh	4.80^ef	175.09^ef	139.51^de	2.67^g	2.32^fg	0.26^fg	0.29^ef	10.14^bc	8.04^d	33.19^g	20.16^fg	33.42ⁱ	15.13^e
W2D2	128.14^bc	45.85^ab	5.67^ef	5.10^cd	197.57^cd	152.62^c	2.92^de	2.81^cd	0.28^de	0.33^bc	10.38^abc	8.49^bc	45.07^e	23.07^de	43.73^g	20.10^d
W3D2	110.25^e	36.19^def	5.89^cd	5.30^bc	205.06^bc	160.11^bc	3.04^cd	2.92^bc	0.29^cd	0.33^bc	10.51^ab	8.71^ab	47.05^de	23.76^cde	50.16^e	21.16^cd
W4D2	89.92^g	29.35^g	6.06^bc	5.60^a	214.42^ab	169.48^ab	3.19^bc	3.07^ab	0.30^bc	0.35^ab	10.69^a	8.78^ab	53.07^b	27.51^ab	61.36^b	25.74^ab
W1D3	106.76^ef	34.51^ef	5.20^h	4.37^g	165.73^f	132.02^e	2.49^h	2.23^g	0.25^g	0.28^f	9.95^c	8.07^d	29.69^h	16.45^h	28.86^j	12.21^f
W2D3	116.82^d	37.06^de	5.44^g	4.70^f	184.46^de	139.51^de	2.69^fg	2.53^ef	0.26^fg	0.30^de	10.19^bc	8.30^cd	41.87^f	19.56^g	39.47^h	16.39^e
W3D3	103.83^f	29.53^g	5.79^de	5.00^de	190.07^d	150.75^cd	2.84^ef	2.68^de	0.27^ef	0.31^cd	10.41^ab	8.53^bc	46.39^e	20.37^fg	46.77^f	17.41^e
W4D3	85.93^g	23.34^h	5.96^bcd	5.23^cd	206.93^bc	167.60^ab	3.14^bc	3.03^bc	0.29^bcd	0.34^ab	10.67^a	8.77^ab	51.54^bc	22.21^ef	58.07^c	20.64^d
F	W	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
D	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	*	*	**	**	**	**
W×D

处理

产量/（t·hm^-2）

可溶性固形物含量/%

维生素C含量/（mg·kg^-1）

可溶性糖含量/%

可滴定酸含量/%

糖酸比

WP/（kg·m^-3）

IWP/（kg·m^-3）

春茬

秋茬

春茬

秋茬

春茬

秋茬

春茬

秋茬

春茬

秋茬

春茬

秋茬

春茬

秋茬

春茬

秋茬

W1D1

131.85^ab

47.20^ab

5.56^fg

4.97^de

188.20^d

150.75^cd

2.76^fg

2.54^ef

0.27^ef

0.31^de

10.30^abc

8.29^cd

35.36^g

21.41^efg

35.69ⁱ

16.70^e

W2D1

136.78^a

50.10^a

5.95^bcd

5.30^bc

206.93^bc

165.73^b

3.19^bc

2.95^bc

0.30^bc

0.34^b

10.67^a

8.70^ab

46.90^de

24.74^cd

46.28^f

22.15^cd

W3D1

118.22^d

40.12^cd

6.14^b

5.53^ab

214.42^ab

169.48^ab

3.27^ab

3.10^ab

0.31^ab

0.35^ab

10.71^a

8.81^ab

49.42^cd

26.03^bc

53.33^d

23.65^bc

W4D1

101.22^f

31.61^fg

6.36^a

5.73^a

223.78^a

178.84^a

3.39^a

3.29^a

0.32^a

0.37^a

10.75^a

9.00^a

58.89^a

29.02^a

68.49^a

27.95^a

W1D2

122.42^cd

43.12^bc

5.36^gh

4.80^ef

175.09^ef

139.51^de

2.67^g

2.32^fg

0.26^fg

0.29^ef

10.14^bc

8.04^d

33.19^g

20.16^fg

33.42ⁱ

15.13^e

W2D2

128.14^bc

45.85^ab

5.67^ef

5.10^cd

197.57^cd

152.62^c

2.92^de

2.81^cd

0.28^de

0.33^bc

10.38^abc

8.49^bc

45.07^e

23.07^de

43.73^g

20.10^d

W3D2

110.25^e

36.19^def

5.89^cd

5.30^bc

205.06^bc

160.11^bc

3.04^cd

2.92^bc

0.29^cd

0.33^bc

10.51^ab

8.71^ab

47.05^de

23.76^cde

50.16^e

21.16^cd

W4D2

89.92^g

29.35^g

6.06^bc

5.60^a

214.42^ab

169.48^ab

3.19^bc

3.07^ab

0.30^bc

0.35^ab

10.69^a

8.78^ab

53.07^b

27.51^ab

61.36^b

25.74^ab

W1D3

106.76^ef

34.51^ef

5.20^h

4.37^g

165.73^f

132.02^e

2.49^h

2.23^g

0.25^g

0.28^f

9.95^c

8.07^d

29.69^h

16.45^h

28.86^j

12.21^f

W2D3

116.82^d

37.06^de

5.44^g

4.70^f

184.46^de

139.51^de

2.69^fg

2.53^ef

0.26^fg

0.30^de

10.19^bc

8.30^cd

41.87^f

19.56^g

39.47^h

16.39^e

W3D3

103.83^f

29.53^g

5.79^de

5.00^de

190.07^d

150.75^cd

2.84^ef

2.68^de

0.27^ef

0.31^cd

10.41^ab

8.53^bc

46.39^e

20.37^fg

46.77^f

17.41^e

W4D3

85.93^g

23.34^h

5.96^bcd

5.23^cd

206.93^bc

167.60^ab

3.14^bc

3.03^bc

0.29^bcd

0.34^ab

10.67^a

8.77^ab

51.54^bc

22.21^ef

58.07^c

20.64^d

W×D

处理	春茬	秋茬
W1D1	0.542	5	0.657	3
W2D1	0.708	1	0.818	1
W3D1	0.585	3	0.624	4
W4D1	0.567	4	0.509	6
W1D2	0.463	7	0.539	5
W2D2	0.636	2	0.705	2
W3D2	0.470	6	0.489	7
W4D2	0.442	8	0.409	9
W1D3	0.264	12	0.326	10
W2D3	0.420	9	0.472	8
W3D3	0.348	11	0.322	11
W4D3	0.391	10	0.268	12

处理

春茬

秋茬

相对贴合度

排名

相对贴合度

排名

W1D1

0.542

0.657

W2D1

0.708

0.818

W3D1

0.585

0.624

W4D1

0.567

0.509

W1D2

0.463

0.539

W2D2

0.636

0.705

W3D2

0.470

0.489

W4D2

0.442

0.409

W1D3

0.264

0.326

W2D3

0.420

0.472

W3D3

0.348

0.322

W4D3

0.391

0.268