Article(id=1312000218434986283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, issueId=1311999647825101743, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757606400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-12, revisedDate=1757779200000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790734827860, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790734827860, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790734827860, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790734827860, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311999647825101743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, year='2025', volume='56', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='818', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790734691815, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790738411040, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312015247465083866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, issueId=1311999647825101743, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312015247465083867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, issueId=1311999647825101743, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=69, endPage=77, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1312000218644701484, articleId=1312000218434986283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, language=EN, title=Research and Experiment on Communication Network Design for Autonomous Operation Hydrogen Fuel Cell Tractor, columnId=1311999648647185329, journalTitle=Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, columnName=Special Column of Key Technologies for Intelligent Agricultural Power Equipment, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In response to the issue that traditional communication network cabling methods are unable to meet the requirements of high efficiency, stability and functional expansion for information transmission in autonomous hydrogen fuel cell tractors, a multi-rate control area network (CAN) bus architecture was proposed based on the SAE J1939 protocol and ISO 11783 standard. Firstly, the data flow requirements for sensing, positioning, drive control, etc. were analyzed in combination with the autonomous operation process in the field. Then, using the principle of minimum complexity in graph theory, multiple topologies were compared and a gateway plus three-bus structure was determined. The CAN communication network nodes were divided based on the structure of the autonomous operation hydrogen fuel cell tractor and its working conditions, and the functions of each node were defined. For common network topologies, a mathematical model was established based on graph theory, and the total information volume per second N and the node information volume per second Z of each structure were analyzed and compared. A high-speed and low-speed dual-bus structure was adopted to design the communication network of the autonomous operation hydrogen fuel cell tractor, with bus rates selected as 500 kb/s and 250 kb/s. The communication message and system software design were developed based on the SAE J1939 protocol and ISO 11783 standard. The hardware functions and communication effects of the communication system were tested by using CANoe software and verified on the whole vehicle. The test results of the bus load rate were 28.22%, 19.20% and 22.85%, all below the 50% requirement. These results verified the feasibility and provided a feasible solution for the design of the communication network of autonomous operation hydrogen fuel cell tractors.

, authors=Liyou XU1, 2, Yuchen SHANG1, 2, Shenghui LEI1, 2, Xianghai YAN1, 2, Mengnan LIU2, 3, authorsList=Liyou XU, Yuchen SHANG, Shenghui LEI, Xianghai YAN, Mengnan LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Mengnan LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1312000223606563153, articleId=1312000218434986283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, language=CN, title=自主作业氢燃料电池拖拉机通信网络设计与试验, columnId=1311999648798180275, journalTitle=农业机械学报, columnName=智能农业动力装备关键技术专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对传统通信网络布线方式难以满足自主作业氢燃料电池拖拉机对信息传输高效性、稳定性及功能扩展需求的问题,本文基于SAE J1939协议和ISO 11783标准提出一种多速率控制器局域网(Control area network,CAN)总线架构。首先,结合田间自主作业流程,对传感、定位与驱动控制等数据流进行需求分析。其次,依据图论最小复杂度原则,对比多种拓扑结构,确定网关加三总线结构,并根据自主作业氢燃料电池拖拉机结构及其作业工况特点,划分CAN通信网络节点并定义各节点的功能。进而,基于图论建立网络拓扑的数学模型,对不同结构的每秒总信息量N和每秒节点信息量Z进行分析和比较。在此基础上,设计高速(500 kb/s)与低速(250 kb/s)双速率总线结构,通信报文格式与系统软件开发严格遵循SAE J1939协议和ISO 11783标准。最后,利用CANoe软件对通信系统的硬件功能和通信效果进行测试,并在整车上开展实车验证。测试结果表明,各总线的负载率分别为28.22%、19.20%、22.85%,均低于50%的要求,研究结果可为自主作业氢燃料电池拖拉机通信网络设计提供理论依据和参考。

, authors=徐立友1, 2, 商宇辰1, 2, 雷生辉1, 2, 闫祥海1, 2, 刘孟楠2, 3, authorsList=徐立友, 商宇辰, 雷生辉, 闫祥海, 刘孟楠, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘孟楠, authorNote=

徐立友(1974—),男,教授,博士,主要从事车辆传动理论与控制技术研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘孟楠(1990—),男,研究员,博士,主要从事农机新型动力系统与智能控制技术研究,E-mail:
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徐立友(1974—),男,教授,博士,主要从事车辆传动理论与控制技术研究,E-mail:

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徐立友(1974—),男,教授,博士,主要从事车辆传动理论与控制技术研究,E-mail:

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Research on communication network of double moter independent drive electric tractor based on CAN bus technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312000235199619513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000218434986283, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=50, issue=6, pageStart=93, pageEnd=99, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=24, authorNames=蒋建东, 孙远方, 金骁, journalName=农业机械学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蒋建东, 孙远方, 金骁, 等. 联合收获机CAN总线架构设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2019, 50(6): 93-99., articleTitle=联合收获机CAN总线架构设计与试验, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312000235279311290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000218434986283, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=50, issue=6, pageStart=93, pageEnd=99, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=25, authorNames=JIANG Jiandong, SUN Yuanfang, JIN Xiao, journalName=Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG Jiandong, SUN Yuanfang, JIN Xiao, et al. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=CAN bus architecture design and test of combine harvester, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312000235354808763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000218434986283, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=50, issue=12, pageStart=23, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=26, authorNames=高原源, 王秀, 杨硕, journalName=农业机械学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高原源, 王秀, 杨硕, 等. 基于CAN总线的播种深度监测评价系统研究[J]. 农业机械学报, 2019, 50(12): 23-32., articleTitle=基于CAN总线的播种深度监测评价系统研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312000235447083452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000218434986283, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=50, issue=12, pageStart=23, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=27, authorNames=GAO Yuanyuan, WANG Xiu, YANG Shuo, journalName=Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO Yuanyuan, WANG Xiu, YANG Shuo, et al. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Development of CAN-based sowing depth monitoring and evaluation system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312000235518386621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000218434986283, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=40, issue=增刊1, pageStart=28, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=28, authorNames=纪朝凤, 刘刚, 周建军, journalName=农业机械学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=纪朝凤, 刘刚, 周建军, 等. 基于CAN总线的农业车辆自动导航控制系统[J]. 农业机械学报, 2009, 40(增刊1): 28-32., articleTitle=基于CAN总线的农业车辆自动导航控制系统, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312000235581301182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000218434986283, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=40, issue=Supp.1, pageStart=28, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=29, authorNames=JI Chaofeng, LIU Gang, ZHOU Jianjun, journalName=Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JI Chaofeng, LIU Gang, ZHOU Jianjun, et al. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Automatic guidance system of agricultural vehicles based on CAN bus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312000235648410047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000218434986283, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=9, issue=4, pageStart=87, pageEnd=91, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=30, authorNames=刘成强, 林连华, 徐海港, journalName=农业工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘成强, 林连华, 徐海港. 拖拉机自动驾驶及控制技术[J]. 农业工程, 2019, 9(4): 87-91., articleTitle=拖拉机自动驾驶及控制技术, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312000235719713216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000218434986283, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=9, issue=4, pageStart=87, pageEnd=91, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=31, authorNames=LIU Chengqiang, LIN Lianhua, XU Haigang, journalName=Agricultural Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Chengqiang, LIN Lianhua, XU Haigang. Tractor automatic driving and control technology[J]. Agricultural Engineering, 2019, 9(4): 87-91. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Tractor automatic driving and control technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312000235807793601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000218434986283, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=5, issue=13, pageStart=27, pageEnd=37, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=32, authorNames=WANG J, LANG P, ZHU J, journalName=Vehicular Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG J, LANG P, ZHU J. Application-value-awareness cross-layer MAC cooperative game for vehicular networks[J]. 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articleId=1312000218434986283, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=CAN communication network topology diagram, figureFileSmall=B1A6LDKOOHS2AilcKsOXrw==, figureFileBig=0CxNmd76R3Im0JNRZyDt+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312000228417429898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000218434986283, language=CN, label=图5, caption=CAN通信网络拓扑图, figureFileSmall=B1A6LDKOOHS2AilcKsOXrw==, figureFileBig=0CxNmd76R3Im0JNRZyDt+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312000230023848331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000218434986283, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=CAN hardware, figureFileSmall=xR02M8gXB551mCsfIWVcMA==, figureFileBig=LbQTuV3v0ItsiVlxDIoqsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312000230116123020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000218434986283, language=CN, label=图6, caption=CAN硬件

1. TMS320F28335控制器芯片 2. CAN收发器

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Comparison of topological structure information volume results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构总信息量最大负载
网关加三总线型1 900355
星型1 9001 900
环型1 9001 900
树型1 9001 900
), ArticleFig(id=1312000230682354068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000218434986283, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

拓扑结构信息量对比结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构总信息量最大负载
网关加三总线型1 900355
星型1 9001 900
环型1 9001 900
树型1 9001 900
), ArticleFig(id=1312000230757851541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000218434986283, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Part of message identifier ID of CAN communication network

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CAN总线节点IDPGNPRDPPFPSSA
高压系统VCU0x18FF155A65301(0xFF15)6002552190
BMS0x0CF191F361841(0xF191)300241145243
GCU0x0CF186F061830(0xF186)300241134240
MCU0x0CFB74EF64372(0xFB74)300251116239
PTO-MCU0x0CF189EF61833(0xF189)300241137239
FCU0x18FF021465282(0xFF02)300255220
Motor0x0CF189F061833(0xF189)300241137240
BCS0x18FF50E565360(0xFF50)60025580229
DC/DC0x18FE5F5E65119(0xFE5F)6002549594
车身系统VCU0x18FF113265297(0xFF11)6002551750
SRC0x18FF2C2365324(0xFF2C)6002554435
MCP0x1899A05A39168(0x9900)60015316090
ICM0x18FCC25A64706(0xFCC2)60025219490
自主作业系统VCU0x0CFE485A65096(0xFE48)3002547290
DCU0x0CFE42F765090(0xFE42)30025466247
RCM0x18F0324C61490(0xF032)6002405076
), ArticleFig(id=1312000230841737622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000218434986283, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

CAN通信网络的部分消息标识符ID

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CAN总线节点IDPGNPRDPPFPSSA
高压系统VCU0x18FF155A65301(0xFF15)6002552190
BMS0x0CF191F361841(0xF191)300241145243
GCU0x0CF186F061830(0xF186)300241134240
MCU0x0CFB74EF64372(0xFB74)300251116239
PTO-MCU0x0CF189EF61833(0xF189)300241137239
FCU0x18FF021465282(0xFF02)300255220
Motor0x0CF189F061833(0xF189)300241137240
BCS0x18FF50E565360(0xFF50)60025580229
DC/DC0x18FE5F5E65119(0xFE5F)6002549594
车身系统VCU0x18FF113265297(0xFF11)6002551750
SRC0x18FF2C2365324(0xFF2C)6002554435
MCP0x1899A05A39168(0x9900)60015316090
ICM0x18FCC25A64706(0xFCC2)60025219490
自主作业系统VCU0x0CFE485A65096(0xFE48)3002547290
DCU0x0CFE42F765090(0xFE42)30025466247
RCM0x18F0324C61490(0xF032)6002405076
), ArticleFig(id=1312000230921429399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000218434986283, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Definition of message data field for autonomous operation hydrogen fuel cell tractor

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标识符速率/(kb·s-1)周期/ms各字节数据含意
0x18FF155A5001001:停止2:前进3:倒退4:保留
0x0CF191F3500201-2:可用放电功率(0.1 kW/bit)3-4:可用充电功率(0.1 kW/bit)5-6:总电压(0.1 V/bit)7-8:总电流(0.1 A/bit)
0x18FB70F05001001:电机温度12:电机温度23:电机温度34:电机温度4
0x0CFB74EF500101:递增计数器2-3:输出转矩(0.1 N·m/bit)4-5:输出转速(0.125 r/(min·bit))6-8:保留
0x1836145A5001001:系统控制位(0.1 kW/bit)2-3:目标功率(0.1 kW/bit)4-5:目标电流(0.1 A/bit)6-8:保留(0xFF)
0x18FF2C232501001:心跳信号2:使能/悬挂信号3:提升状态
0x0CFE42F72501001:前置悬挂2:后置悬挂3-5:PTO控制6-8:保留
), ArticleFig(id=1312000230996926872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000218434986283, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

氢燃料电池自动驾驶拖拉机报文数据域定义

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标识符速率/(kb·s-1)周期/ms各字节数据含意
0x18FF155A5001001:停止2:前进3:倒退4:保留
0x0CF191F3500201-2:可用放电功率(0.1 kW/bit)3-4:可用充电功率(0.1 kW/bit)5-6:总电压(0.1 V/bit)7-8:总电流(0.1 A/bit)
0x18FB70F05001001:电机温度12:电机温度23:电机温度34:电机温度4
0x0CFB74EF500101:递增计数器2-3:输出转矩(0.1 N·m/bit)4-5:输出转速(0.125 r/(min·bit))6-8:保留
0x1836145A5001001:系统控制位(0.1 kW/bit)2-3:目标功率(0.1 kW/bit)4-5:目标电流(0.1 A/bit)6-8:保留(0xFF)
0x18FF2C232501001:心跳信号2:使能/悬挂信号3:提升状态
0x0CFE42F72501001:前置悬挂2:后置悬挂3-5:PTO控制6-8:保留
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CAN network vehicle test results

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CAN通道总线负载率/%错误帧数量(总数)说明
CAN128.2230少量可接受错误帧
CAN219.200正常,无错误帧
CAN322.850正常,无错误帧
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CAN网络整车测试结果

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CAN通道总线负载率/%错误帧数量(总数)说明
CAN128.2230少量可接受错误帧
CAN219.200正常,无错误帧
CAN322.850正常,无错误帧
), ArticleFig(id=1312000231194059163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000218434986283, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Simulation and real vehicle verification results of network load rate

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CAN通道最大报文数/(f·s-1)整车负载率/%仿真负载率/%误差/%
CAN13 87028.2227.910.21
CAN21 95319.2018.890.31
CAN31 95322.8522.300.55
), ArticleFig(id=1312000231269556636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000218434986283, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

网络负载率仿真与实车验证结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CAN通道最大报文数/(f·s-1)整车负载率/%仿真负载率/%误差/%
CAN13 87028.2227.910.21
CAN21 95319.2018.890.31
CAN31 95322.8522.300.55
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自主作业氢燃料电池拖拉机通信网络设计与试验
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徐立友 1, 2 , 商宇辰 1, 2 , 雷生辉 1, 2 , 闫祥海 1, 2 , 刘孟楠 2, 3
农业机械学报 | 智能农业动力装备关键技术专栏 2025,56(12): 69-77
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农业机械学报 |智能农业动力装备关键技术专栏 2025 , 56 (12) : 69 -77
自主作业氢燃料电池拖拉机通信网络设计与试验
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徐立友1, 2 , 商宇辰1, 2, 雷生辉1, 2, 闫祥海1, 2, 刘孟楠2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.河南科技大学车辆与交通工程学院,洛阳 471000
  • 2.智能农业动力装备全国重点实验室,洛阳 471039
  • 3.中国一拖集团有限公司,洛阳 471000
通讯作者:
刘孟楠(1990—),男,研究员,博士,主要从事农机新型动力系统与智能控制技术研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

徐立友(1974—),男,教授,博士,主要从事车辆传动理论与控制技术研究,E-mail:

Research and Experiment on Communication Network Design for Autonomous Operation Hydrogen Fuel Cell Tractor
Liyou XU1, 2 , Yuchen SHANG1, 2, Shenghui LEI1, 2, Xianghai YAN1, 2, Mengnan LIU2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power Equipment, Luoyang 471039, China
  • 3.YTO Group Corporation, Luoyang 471000, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.005
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针对传统通信网络布线方式难以满足自主作业氢燃料电池拖拉机对信息传输高效性、稳定性及功能扩展需求的问题,本文基于SAE J1939协议和ISO 11783标准提出一种多速率控制器局域网(Control area network,CAN)总线架构。首先,结合田间自主作业流程,对传感、定位与驱动控制等数据流进行需求分析。其次,依据图论最小复杂度原则,对比多种拓扑结构,确定网关加三总线结构,并根据自主作业氢燃料电池拖拉机结构及其作业工况特点,划分CAN通信网络节点并定义各节点的功能。进而,基于图论建立网络拓扑的数学模型,对不同结构的每秒总信息量N和每秒节点信息量Z进行分析和比较。在此基础上,设计高速(500 kb/s)与低速(250 kb/s)双速率总线结构,通信报文格式与系统软件开发严格遵循SAE J1939协议和ISO 11783标准。最后,利用CANoe软件对通信系统的硬件功能和通信效果进行测试,并在整车上开展实车验证。测试结果表明,各总线的负载率分别为28.22%、19.20%、22.85%,均低于50%的要求,研究结果可为自主作业氢燃料电池拖拉机通信网络设计提供理论依据和参考。

氢燃料电池拖拉机  /  自主作业  /  CAN  /  通信协议

In response to the issue that traditional communication network cabling methods are unable to meet the requirements of high efficiency, stability and functional expansion for information transmission in autonomous hydrogen fuel cell tractors, a multi-rate control area network (CAN) bus architecture was proposed based on the SAE J1939 protocol and ISO 11783 standard. Firstly, the data flow requirements for sensing, positioning, drive control, etc. were analyzed in combination with the autonomous operation process in the field. Then, using the principle of minimum complexity in graph theory, multiple topologies were compared and a gateway plus three-bus structure was determined. The CAN communication network nodes were divided based on the structure of the autonomous operation hydrogen fuel cell tractor and its working conditions, and the functions of each node were defined. For common network topologies, a mathematical model was established based on graph theory, and the total information volume per second N and the node information volume per second Z of each structure were analyzed and compared. A high-speed and low-speed dual-bus structure was adopted to design the communication network of the autonomous operation hydrogen fuel cell tractor, with bus rates selected as 500 kb/s and 250 kb/s. The communication message and system software design were developed based on the SAE J1939 protocol and ISO 11783 standard. The hardware functions and communication effects of the communication system were tested by using CANoe software and verified on the whole vehicle. The test results of the bus load rate were 28.22%, 19.20% and 22.85%, all below the 50% requirement. These results verified the feasibility and provided a feasible solution for the design of the communication network of autonomous operation hydrogen fuel cell tractors.

hydrogen fuel cell tractor  /  autonomous operation  /  CAN  /  communication protocol
徐立友, 商宇辰, 雷生辉, 闫祥海, 刘孟楠. 自主作业氢燃料电池拖拉机通信网络设计与试验. 农业机械学报, 2025 , 56 (12) : 69 -77 . DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.005
Liyou XU, Yuchen SHANG, Shenghui LEI, Xianghai YAN, Mengnan LIU. Research and Experiment on Communication Network Design for Autonomous Operation Hydrogen Fuel Cell Tractor[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2025 , 56 (12) : 69 -77 . DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.005
农用机械在非道路移动机械的碳排放中占据重要比重,是该领域碳排放的主要来源之一。传统农用机械以内燃机作为核心动力来源,其排放问题对环境影响显著,传统农机排放的碳氧化合物与氮氧化合物占比已超80%,颗粒物排放占比也达到约37%,给生态环境带来了巨大的负担[1]。
农业机械正向着绿色、无人化方向快速推进。氢燃料电池拖拉机具有零排放、零污染、低噪声的特点,适用于庭院农业、设施农业和生态农业[2-3]。氢燃料电池拖拉机配合自主作业技术,可以在多个环节替代人工以降低成本,提高精度。然而,要保证其在田间复杂环境中的稳定运行,必须依赖高效、可靠的车载通信网络。传统的点对点通信方式已难以满足控制单元对信息共享和高效传输的需求,同时也因布线复杂增加了制造成本与维护难度[4]。因此,采用网络化的控制系统和总线通信技术,可有效简化线路,提升整机通信效率与系统稳定性[5]。
当前在汽车行业中,控制器局域网因成本低、实时性强、可靠性高,已成为车用通信的主流方案[6]。在国外,学者较早将CAN总线应用于农机。DARR等[7]设计了分布式控制系统以保障多节点稳定通信;与此同时,通过CAN-RS232转换模块,成功达成了CAN总线数据与PC端之间的数据交互传递。MARX等[8]运用多种技术方法采集农用拖拉机的CAN总线数据,收集CAN总线的帧数据日志和波形数据日志,基于日志采集方法评估通信负载。BAEK等[9]将CAN总线技术应用于四轮驱动电动拖拉机模型,验证了其在电动拖拉机动力系统中的通信性能。STOLL等[10]则研发了SCANGate数据采集系统,通过数据采集系统分析总线负载与采样频率的关系。这些研究说明,CAN总线能够支撑农机动力与控制系统的核心通信需求。
在国内,CAN总线技术的应用最初集中于汽车领域;随着该技术持续发展,其应用场景逐步拓展至农业机械领域,最终实现了农业机械与配套农具之间的信息交互功能[11-12]。已有成果涵盖了基于SAE J1939或ISO 11783的农机通信协议设计、导航系统与虚拟仪表开发[13-15],以及面向不同作业场景的拓扑优化与系统测试[16-19]。总体上,国内外研究均表明CAN总线在农机中的应用已具备成熟基础,但在自主作业与多传感器高带宽环境下仍面临挑战。
自主作业使氢燃料电池拖拉机同时承担感知、定位、决策和运动控制等多重任务。天线、摄像头、激光雷达与高精度驱动执行器产生的实时数据流远超传统拖拉机[20]。若仍依赖点对点布线或单速CAN,总线带宽资源趋于饱和、线束庞杂,难以保证闭环控制顺利迅速完成,也无法为传感器冗余留出余量。针对自主作业氢燃料电池拖拉机的高效车载通信需求,本研究基于SAE J1939协议与ISO 11783标准,首先结合田间作业流程开展数据流分析;随后依据图论最小复杂度原则,设计网关加三总线拓扑结构,并明确各通信节点及其功能。在此基础上,构建高速(500 kb/s)与低速(250 kb/s)双速率CAN总线架构,完成通信报文定义与系统软件开发。通过CANoe平台对硬件功能和通信性能进行测试,并开展实车验证,为自主作业氢燃料电池拖拉机车载通信网络的设计与试验提供理论依据与技术参考。
拖拉机整机CAN通信网络的功能取决于作业形式、环境条件和自主作业技术需求。自主作业氢燃料电池拖拉机需在耕整、播种、植保、收获等多种场景下工作,环境中粉尘、电磁干扰和振动强度较大;同时,自主作业对感知、定位、决策等提出了新要求。因此,在设计节点时不仅要满足传统动力传动与液压控制,还要为高带宽感知数据、路径规划和功能安全保留资源与接口。主要考虑以下几方面来进行节点划分:①功能耦合度:按照信号产生位置和相互依赖关系集中部署功能,减少跨节点数据流。②实时性等级:对实时性要求高的节点连接在高速(500 kb/s)CAN总线,对实时性要求一般的节点连接在低速(250 kb/s)CAN总线。③扩展性:新增自主作业所需的节点,并预留地址和带宽,保证后期功能升级。整机的节点可以按照关联程度、工作域等分类,划分出14个节点:整车控制器(Vehicle control unit,VCU)、发电机控制器(Generator control unit,GCU)、电动机控制器(Motor control unit,MCU)、电池管理系统(Battery management system,BMS)、PTO电机控制单元(Power take-off motor control unit,PTO-MCU)、燃料电池控制器(Fuel cell control unit,FCU)、驱动电机(Traction motor,motor)、充电机系统(Battery charger system,BCS)、DC/DC转换器(DC/DC converter,DC/DC)、智能液压控制系统(Smart hydraulic control system,SRC)、操作面板控制器(Main control panel,MCP)、组合仪表模块(Instrument cluster module,ICM)、自主决策系统(Decision control unit,DCU)和遥控模块(Remote control module,RCM)。基于这些分隔的节点,定义了相关功能。
整车控制器作为核心将信息传输到各个节点,接收控制信息并发送执行指令,负责车辆状态、模式管理和速度统一调度。电池管理系统实现了充电、放电、预充电控制和平衡以及高压电池组能量与安全管理。电动机控制器负责电机的逆变驱动与闭环控制,接收整车控制器下发的目标扭矩或转速指令,进行矢量控制和功率调节。PTO电机控制单元控制PTO电机启停、转速调节和加减速斜坡。燃料电池控制器主要功能为氢供给、排氢控制与氢系统管理。驱动电机通过电动机控制器接收控制指令并实现转矩和转速的调节。充电机系统负责车载充电与低压供电。DC/DC转换器负责将高压直流电转换为低压直流电,为拖拉机的车身电气系统、控制器及低压负载提供稳定供电。智能液压控制系统是低压电气部分的核心组成,用来实现拖拉机的液压执行和远程智能控制。操作面板控制器负责接收驾驶员操作指令并转化为标准控制信号,实现对拖拉机作业行驶的精准调控。组合仪表模块负责显示与数据记录。自主决策系统不仅基于采集的数据进行路径规划,还会综合作业任务需求与车辆状态信息,生成优化后的轨迹与速度指令,并对执行结果进行动态修正,以保证作业精度和安全性。遥控模块主要实现远程操作功能,可通过无线链路接收上位机或操作终端的指令,完成方向、速度、启停等控制,在无人驾驶作业和人工接管之间提供切换以保障安全。
在通信网络系统里,数据需实现相互传输,这就必然涉及网络中数据信息量的规模问题,该问题直接关联着通信网络系统性能的优劣。在车辆通信拓扑结构中,常见的主要有星型、环型、总线状与树型4种。考虑到拖拉机通信网络需具备广泛适用性,对这4种网络拓扑结构展开了对比分析。运用最小链路复杂度原理,并借鉴最大流量问题相关算法,针对4种拓扑总线的传输信息量进行了分析。同时,依据节点间报文的收发关系,将网络总信息量与网络节点传输信息量设定为研究的核心评价指标。计算式为
式中
      N——网络每秒传输的总信息量
      n——网络中发送节点总数
      NXi——第i个节点每秒发送的消息数量
      Z——节点每秒接收的信息量
      m——网络中接收节点总数
      RXj——第j个节点每秒接收的消息数量
为了方便表达将节点用数字表示。节点1为VCU,节点2为GCU,节点3为MCU,节点4为BMS,节点5为FCU,节点6为PTO-MCU,节点7为Motor,节点8为BCS,节点9为DC/DC,节点10为SRC,节点11为MCP,节点12为ICM,节点13为DCU,节点14为RCM。a、b、c、d、e、f、g、h、i、j、k、l、m、n都是连接点。
图1为星型网络拓扑结构。在此结构中,所有节点的数据传输均需经由中心点,各节点的发送周期已预先设定。星型网络内全部节点每秒传输的信息总量Nstar,以及连接点每秒传输的信息总量Zstar,计算式为
式中
      ti——传输信息的时间,ms
      Ni——第i个节点连接点的刷新周期,ms
在星型网络中,当所有数据都通过中心点a时,网络每秒传输的信息总量即为连接点信息量Nstar。
图2展示了环型网络的拓扑结构图,与星型网络类似,信息会通过每个连接点形成闭环传输。因此,环型网络每秒传输的信息总量Nring等于网络连接点每秒传输的信息量Zring,即网络每秒的信息量,计算式为
图3展示了树型网络拓扑结构图。此类网络拓扑采用层级化的架构设计,整个网络包含3条线路,其中点a位于网络的第1层,且所有信息的传输均需经过点a所在的这条线路完成。计算式为
式中
      Ntree——树型总线每秒传输的信息总量
根据功能的相关性对各个节点的分组进行了划分,其中子域b为牵引/执行子域(以MCU为子域头),叶子:MCU、PTO-MCU、SRC,每秒信息量Z计算结果为:Zb=750。子域c为能源/电源子域(以BMS为子域头),叶子:GCU、BMS、FCU、DCDC、BCS,每秒信息量Z计算结果为:Zc=470。子域d为智能与人机子域(以DCU为子域头),叶子:DCU、RCM、MCP、ICM,每秒信息量Z计算结果为:Zd=680。根a(VCU)的负载计算结果为:Za=1900。
图4展示了设计的网关加三总线结构。在此种拓扑类型中,所有节点发送的消息通过其所属总线进行传输,总线上每秒发送的消息数量等于每个连接点每秒发送的数据包数量之和。其中,高压系统CAN主要承载能量管理、驱动电机及燃料电池等核心动力相关节点,确保牵引与供能过程的实时性和安全性;车身系统CAN主要服务于液压、仪表、操作面板等辅助功能节点,关注整机状态监测和人机交互;自主作业系统CAN则集中管理自主决策与遥控相关节点,保证路径规划、作业执行与远程指令的顺利传输。3条总线通过整车控制器实现互联与网关转发,使不同系统既保持功能独立,又能实现数据共享和统一。计算式为
式中
      Nbus——总线型总线每秒传输的信息总量
      n1——第1条总线中发送节点的总数
      n2——第2条总线中发送节点的总数
      n3——第3条总线中发送节点的总数
各个节点的每秒的信息量Z可根据式(2)计算。在高压系统CAN总线中,Za1=355,Zb=180,Zc=270,Zd=145,Ze=65,Zf=50,Zg=0,Zh=5,Zi=15;在车身系统CAN总线中,Za2=220,Zj=85,Zk=0,Zl=70;在自主作业系统CAN总线中,Za3=150,Zm=200,Zn=90。
通过对每种拓扑结构的计算与分析得到不同拓扑结构数据的比较结果,如表1所示。网关加三总线网络复杂度低,每个节点的阻塞率也低。对于自主作业氢燃料电池拖拉机而言,是一种合适的拓扑结构。
为满足每个节点的需求,设计了一种网关加三总线结构。将整车控制器(VCU)作为核心节点,延伸出高压系统CAN总线(500 kb/s)、车身系统CAN总线(250 kb/s)和自作业系统CAN总线(250 kb/s)3条CAN总线。发电机控制器(GCU)、电动机控制器(MCU)、电池管理系统(BMS)、PTO电机控制单元(PTO-MCU)、燃料电池控制器(FCU)、驱动电机(Motor)、充电机系统(BCS)和DC/DC转换器(DC/DC)节点连接在高压系统CAN总线(500 kb/s)。智能液压控制系统(SRC)、操作面板控制器(MCP)和组合仪表模块(ICM)节点连接在车身系统CAN总线(250 kb/s)。自主决策系统(DCU)和遥控模块(RCM)节点连接在自作业系统CAN总线(250 kb/s)。通过这种方式,网络的通信效率与可扩展性得到提升。
图5为所设计自主作业氢燃料电池拖拉机的整体网络拓扑结构。考虑到电池管理系统、电动机控制器、PTO电机控制单元、燃料电池控制器、驱动电机、充电机系统及DC/DC转换节点存在信息发送量大、实时性要求高的特点,且各节点间存在频繁的信息交互,因此将这些节点部署在高速总线上,该高速总线的速率设定为500 kb/s。
操作面板控制器和智能液压控制系统节点同属于车身部分。自主决策系统和遥控模块节点组成自主作业CAN部分。
基于自主作业氢燃料电池拖拉机的分层架构,对整机CAN通信网络采用“双协议栈加网关”设计:高压系统CAN总线与车身系统CAN总线遵循SAE J1939协议,自作业系统CAN总线遵循ISO 11783(ISOBUS)标准。整车控制器作为网关与安全仲裁中心,负责不同总线间的消息映射、速率整形与优先级统一,实现3条总线间的消息映射、速率整形和优先级统一,保证跨域数据交互的实时性与一致性。SAE J1939与ISO 11783均采用29位扩展帧,设计统一使用29位标识符构造,其内部结构由多个字段组成:P、R、DP、PF、PS以及SA[21]。其中:优先级(P)决定报文在仲裁过程中的优先顺序,数值越小,优先级越高;保留位(R)和数据页(DP)用于扩展PGN的定义空间;PDU格式(PF)和PDU指定字段(PS)共同决定参数组号(PGN),即报文内容类别;源地址(SA)用来区分网络中的具体节点,每个节点分配唯一地址以保证不冲突。在SAE J1939侧,尽可能采用标准PGN,当标准未覆盖时则映射至厂商自定义PGN区域。在ISO 11783侧,报文设计遵循作业控制与任务控制语义,特定于自主作业和路径规划的报文定义放置于扩展段,以保证与SAE J1939侧的字段标尺和单位保持一致,便于VCU网关实现跨总线映射。为保证报文路径清晰、便于诊断与网络分析,在开展29位标识符定义前,首先依据3条总线上的节点功能,给出收发关系与通信矩阵。随后依据应用层规则完成优先级P、源地址SA、PGN的联合分配。
在遵循SAE J1939八级优先级体系(0为最高,7为最低)的基础上,结合氢燃料电池自动驾驶拖拉机的实际需求进行简化。考虑到整车通信中既有对实时性要求极高的控制类报文,也有周期性上报的状态类报文,因此优先级主要集中在2个层级:①优先级3:分配给关键的实时控制报文,包括VCU下发的控制指令BMS、MCU、PTO-MCU、GCU、FCU等动力与能源相关节点的反馈,以及DCU、RCM等自主作业与远程控制报文。这类消息直接影响车辆运行与安全,需要保证仲裁优先。②优先级6:用于状态监测与车身功能类报文,例如ICM、MCP、SRC等节点的状态信息上报,以及BCS、DC/DC等电源管理相关报文。这些消息虽需周期性传输,但实时性要求相对较低,因此可分配较低优先级。
通过这种“两档分配”的方式,既保持了与SAE J1939优先级体系的一致性,又简化了设计逻辑,保证了关键控制报文的实时性和网络整体的可控性。最终,结合优先级、源地址和PGN的规划,为每个节点定义了完整的29位CAN扩展帧标识符(ID)。部分来自各节点消息的ID、PGN、优先级等信息见表2。随着报文ID的定义完成,根据氢燃料电池拖拉机控制策略中控制信号的数量级和通信拓扑结构,指定各标识符对应消息帧的数据域,部分信息的定义如表3所示。
选用TMS320F28335数字信号处理器,将其作为通信网络的CAN控制核心。该芯片拥有150 MHz的高速处理性能,且内置32位浮点运算单元,这一硬件配置能够满足自主作业氢燃料电池拖拉机在各类作业场景下实时控制与数据处理需求。
硬件如图6所示,总线接口选用了PHILIP公司的PCA82C250收发器,用以实现CAN通信网络中数据的差动发送与接收功能。由于拖拉机作业模式灵活多样,且作业环境往往存在强振动、高粉尘等恶劣情况,为该收发器配备了具有抗振、防尘性能的外壳进行封装。信号传输介质采用抗干扰能力优异的带屏蔽层双绞线,以避免其他电子单元产生信号干扰。此外,在双绞线的两端分别安装了特征阻抗为120 Ω的电阻,这能够有效防止信号反射对总线正常运行的干扰。
为验证所设计的拖拉机CAN通信网络的通信质量,选用Vector公司的CANoe系统仿真测试软件对网络进行验证。在测试流程中,第1步先构建对应的通信网络环境,之后针对已配置的各个节点逐一开展通信功能测试;下一步借助软件自带的观测统计窗口,对节点数据传输的实时性与准确性进行检测和分析;最后通过统计整个通信网络系统的负载率,最终得到该网络系统的性能指标及实际通信效果。
图7所示为CAN网络仿真测试系统。测试集成了多个功能节点,并通过计算机上位机进行统一监测和数据交互。节点通过集成开发板实现CAN控制器功能,并由5 V电源供电维持正常运行。根据不同节点的功能需求,开发板上加载了对应的控制程序。通过该测试能够实时获取网络运行参数,包括报文的发送频率、数量、总线负载率及错误帧统计等,从而评估整个通信网络的性能与稳定性。
1帧报文的最大位数为128 bit,其数据帧中含有8个字节。高压系统CAN总线的通信速率为500 kb/s,车身系统和自作业系统CAN总线则为250 kb/s。根据通信速率和位数即可计算得出各总线在1 s内能够传输的最大报文数量。在负载率方面,仿真测试所获得的仿真结果为:CAN1(高压系统CAN)负载率27.91%,CAN2(车身系统CAN)负载率18.89%,CAN3(自作业系统CAN)负载率22.30%。
为验证所设计CAN通信网络的可靠性,寻找实际应用中可能出现的问题和错误,设计并进行了整车测试。表4展示了整车测试的结果,结果中CAN1负载率为28.22%,CAN2负载率为19.20%,CAN3负载率为22.85%。试验过程中CAN1总线发现了30帧错误帧,错误帧意味着当接收节点检测到总线发送的消息有错误时,它会发送6个连续的显性位错误标志。分析原因可能为功率电子噪声叠加在总线上造成位采样抖动或毛刺,偶发触发错误,或系统总线较长,连接器多,在连接时不规范导致的错误帧,总体错误帧的数量在合理范围内。
整车测试结果与仿真结果误差较小,经过分析,误差来源可能是实际通信过程中存在的随机干扰、报文抖动以及节点响应延迟等因素,具体对比如表5所示。CAN通道网络最高负载率为28.22%,低于50%的拥塞负载率,表明CAN通信系统仍能够增加消息发送量以及节点设置数量,具有良好的可拓展性。
为了验证所设计的CAN通信网络在实车上的可行性和稳定性,进行了实车测试。测试中采用的车辆是由中国一拖集团有限公司研发设计的氢燃料电池拖拉机,图8所示为HQ2204型氢燃料电池拖拉机的驾驶室内部。驾驶室内配备方向盘、组合仪表、操作面板等部件,可满足人工驾驶与自主作业模式切换的需求。
采用Vector CANape软件对CAN网络进行实车监测。CANape通过接入3条总线(高压系统CAN、车身系统CAN、自主作业系统CAN),实现了对各节点报文的实时采集和信号解析。如图9所示,CANape可以将报文中的信号(如电机转速、转矩、踏板开度、控制状态等)解析为物理量,并以曲线方式直观展示其随时间的变化趋势。
图9a展示了氢燃料电池拖拉机在典型工况下的CAN总线监测结果,包含发动机转速、输出转矩比例、换挡请求以及车辆速度等关键信号。由图9a可见,发动机转速主要在800~1 600 r/min区间内波动,并伴随多次快速升降,反映车辆在加速、减速及换挡过程中的动力变化。输出转矩比例与转速变化高度相关,在转速上升阶段出现峰值,在换挡或减速过程中明显下降,体现了动力输出的实时调节能力。换挡请求信号以脉冲状态形式出现,其触发点与转速和扭矩的波动基本对应,说明换挡控制指令能够有效驱动动力链的调整。车辆速度曲线随转速和换挡操作呈阶梯式上升与下降,显示出牵引性能对动力链变化的直接响应。整体来看,该结果验证了通信网络在实车工况下能够实时传输与解析关键动力控制信号,并保证发动机、传动系统与整车运动的协调一致性。
图9b展示了离合器结合与液压泵执行过程的监测结果。从图中可以看到,当控制器下发闭合指令时,液压泵需求信号迅速上升以提供压力支持,转速差则随之快速收敛,接近零时表明离合同步完成。在部分时段中,闭合指令保持1状态,液压泵需求指令出现波动,转速差也伴随轻微波动,反映出执行过程中的动态调节。整体来看,闭合指令、液压需求与离合器转速响应之间存在较好的对应关系,说明通信网络能够保证液压执行链路的实时性和一致性。
综上表明,控制指令与执行结果之间的时序关系清晰可见,节点通信与网络拓扑均能稳定运行。试验还统计了错误帧,在长时间运行中累计检测到少量错误帧,但未对整车运行造成明显影响,说明系统具有较好的抗干扰与容错能力。
(1)针对自主作业氢燃料电池拖拉机的运行特性与通信需求,提出并实现了一种基于CAN总线的多层次通信网络架构。系统采用“双协议栈加网关”设计,高压与车身网络遵循SAE J1939协议,自主作业网络遵循ISO 11783标准,实现了多总线环境下的统一调度与高效通信。通过对节点报文标识符的定义、通信协议的设计以及仿真与实车测试的结合,验证了所提出方案的可行性与有效性。
(2)在拓扑结构方面,比较和分析了星型、环型与树型等不同网络形式,建立了相应的数学模型。结合自主作业氢燃料电池拖拉机的节点分布与任务特性,提出了以整车控制器网关为核心的多总线结构,并通过负载与信息流量分析证明其在实时性和可靠性上的优势。
(3)在协议设计方面,依据SAE J1939和ISO 11783的应用层规则,完成了节点优先级、源地址和PGN的联合分配,构建了完整的通信矩阵。针对氢燃料电池系统的能量管理、驱动控制以及自主作业任务,定义了自适应的报文内容和传输机制,并规范了初始化与报文交换的处理流程。
(4)在系统验证方面,搭建了基于CANoe的仿真与测试平台,完成了网络性能分析,并且在整车上进行了验证。结果表明,三总线加网关结构在实际运行中表现稳定,仿真与实测与理论模型一致,能够满足自主作业氢燃料电池拖拉机对通信网络的时效性与稳定性要求。
  • 中原科技创新领军人才支持计划项目(244200510043)
  • 河南省高校科技创新团队支持计划项目(24IRTSTHN029)
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(52572495)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2001204)
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2025年第56卷第12期
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doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.005
  • 接收时间:2025-09-12
  • 首发时间:2026-09-30
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-12
  • 修回日期:2025-09-14
基金
中原科技创新领军人才支持计划项目(244200510043)
河南省高校科技创新团队支持计划项目(24IRTSTHN029)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52572495)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2001204)
作者信息
    1.河南科技大学车辆与交通工程学院,洛阳 471000
    2.智能农业动力装备全国重点实验室,洛阳 471039
    3.中国一拖集团有限公司,洛阳 471000

通讯作者:

刘孟楠(1990—),男,研究员,博士,主要从事农机新型动力系统与智能控制技术研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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