Article(id=1312006380672873464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, issueId=1311999647825101743, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.074, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724774400000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-28, revisedDate=1727452800000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790736297051, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790736297051, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790736297051, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790736297051, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311999647825101743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, year='2025', volume='56', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='818', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790734691815, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790738411040, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312015247465083866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, issueId=1311999647825101743, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312015247465083867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, issueId=1311999647825101743, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=799, endPage=810, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1312006380920337401, articleId=1312006380672873464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, language=EN, title=Design and Kinematic Analysis of Mobile Parallel Mechanism with Over Constrained Branch Chains, columnId=1312006261667886032, journalTitle=Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, columnName=Mechanical Design & Manufacturing and Automation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A multi-mode mobile parallel mechanism with over constrained branch chains was designed, and its degrees of freedom and kinematics were deeply analyzed. When exploring the motion of the parallel mechanism, the influence of the over constrained branch chain on its motion stability was studied, and the motion simulation and physical production were carried out to verify the motion of the mechanism and the realization of each mode. Firstly, according to the analysis of the connection between the constrained branch chain and the platform branch chain, a multi-mode mobile parallel mechanism with constrained branch chain was obtained according to its configuration design. The degree of freedom of the two modes of the mechanism, quadrilateral rolling mode and spherical rolling mode, was analyzed by means of the bar group model. The comparative analysis of the mechanism with or without over constrained branch chains was carried out, the centroid coordinates were solved according to ZMP theory, the relationship between the mechanism with or without over constrained branch chains and the angle was compared and analyzed, and Matlab was used to carry out comparative analysis of the centroid situation of the mechanism with motion. Finally, the kinematic simulation of the mechanism was carried out by ADAMS, and the prototype was made to verify the movement of the mechanism and the realization of each mode.

, authors=Chunyan ZHANG1, Yuang XIA1, Xinyue YU2, authorsList=Chunyan ZHANG, Yuang XIA, Xinyue YU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1312006400075722913, articleId=1312006380672873464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, language=CN, title=一种含过约束支链的多模式移动并联机构设计与仿真, columnId=1312006261831463890, journalTitle=农业机械学报, columnName=机械设计制造及其自动化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文设计了一种含过约束支链的多模式移动并联机构,并对其自由度以及运动学进行了分析。根据分析约束支链与平台间支链连接情况,对其进行机构构型设计,得到一种含约束支链的多模式移动并联机构,并对引入的约束支链进行过约束支链判定。采用杆组等效法对机构四边形滚动模式及球形滚动模式进行自由度分析,对机构各模式进行运动学分析,计算求解各点位置坐标。对比机构含和不含过约束支链,根据ZMP理论求解质心坐标,对比机构含和不含过约束支链运动时yZMP与角度之间的关系,利用Matlab对机构运动时质心情况进行对比。最后,利用ADAMS对机构进行运动学仿真,并制作样机对机构运动及各模式实现进行验证。

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张春燕(1980—),女,教授,博士,主要从事机器人机构学研究,E-mail:

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张春燕(1980—),女,教授,博士,主要从事机器人机构学研究,E-mail:

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张春燕(1980—),女,教授,博士,主要从事机器人机构学研究,E-mail:

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Division of each loop and pole group parameter matrix

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环路杆组参数矩阵
环路BU10DU6EU11B
环路DU2AU3E
环路BU9CU5D
环路CU1A
环路BU12FU8C
环路FU4A
环路EU7F
), ArticleFig(id=1312006409248665834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312006380672873464, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各环路划分及杆组参数矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环路杆组参数矩阵
环路BU10DU6EU11B
环路DU2AU3E
环路BU9CU5D
环路CU1A
环路BU12FU8C
环路FU4A
环路EU7F
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Axis relationship of each model

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各模式轴线关系

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Degree of freedom by model

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各模式自由度

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一种含过约束支链的多模式移动并联机构设计与仿真
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张春燕 1 , 夏宇昂 1 , 于欣悦 2
农业机械学报 | 机械设计制造及其自动化 2025,56(12): 799-810
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农业机械学报 |机械设计制造及其自动化 2025 , 56 (12) : 799 -810
一种含过约束支链的多模式移动并联机构设计与仿真
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张春燕1 , 夏宇昂1, 于欣悦2
作者信息
  • 1.上海工程技术大学机械与汽车工程学院,上海 201620
  • 2.蔚来汽车(安徽)有限公司,合肥 230061
作者简介:

张春燕(1980—),女,教授,博士,主要从事机器人机构学研究,E-mail:

Design and Kinematic Analysis of Mobile Parallel Mechanism with Over Constrained Branch Chains
Chunyan ZHANG1 , Yuang XIA1, Xinyue YU2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
  • 2.Weilai Automobile (Anhui) Co., Ltd., Hefei 230061, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.074
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本文设计了一种含过约束支链的多模式移动并联机构,并对其自由度以及运动学进行了分析。根据分析约束支链与平台间支链连接情况,对其进行机构构型设计,得到一种含约束支链的多模式移动并联机构,并对引入的约束支链进行过约束支链判定。采用杆组等效法对机构四边形滚动模式及球形滚动模式进行自由度分析,对机构各模式进行运动学分析,计算求解各点位置坐标。对比机构含和不含过约束支链,根据ZMP理论求解质心坐标,对比机构含和不含过约束支链运动时yZMP与角度之间的关系,利用Matlab对机构运动时质心情况进行对比。最后,利用ADAMS对机构进行运动学仿真,并制作样机对机构运动及各模式实现进行验证。

移动并联机构  /  过约束支链  /  多模式  /  运动学

A multi-mode mobile parallel mechanism with over constrained branch chains was designed, and its degrees of freedom and kinematics were deeply analyzed. When exploring the motion of the parallel mechanism, the influence of the over constrained branch chain on its motion stability was studied, and the motion simulation and physical production were carried out to verify the motion of the mechanism and the realization of each mode. Firstly, according to the analysis of the connection between the constrained branch chain and the platform branch chain, a multi-mode mobile parallel mechanism with constrained branch chain was obtained according to its configuration design. The degree of freedom of the two modes of the mechanism, quadrilateral rolling mode and spherical rolling mode, was analyzed by means of the bar group model. The comparative analysis of the mechanism with or without over constrained branch chains was carried out, the centroid coordinates were solved according to ZMP theory, the relationship between the mechanism with or without over constrained branch chains and the angle was compared and analyzed, and Matlab was used to carry out comparative analysis of the centroid situation of the mechanism with motion. Finally, the kinematic simulation of the mechanism was carried out by ADAMS, and the prototype was made to verify the movement of the mechanism and the realization of each mode.

mobile parallel mechanism  /  over constrained branch chain  /  multi-mode  /  kinematic
张春燕, 夏宇昂, 于欣悦. 一种含过约束支链的多模式移动并联机构设计与仿真. 农业机械学报, 2025 , 56 (12) : 799 -810 . DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.074
Chunyan ZHANG, Yuang XIA, Xinyue YU. Design and Kinematic Analysis of Mobile Parallel Mechanism with Over Constrained Branch Chains[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2025 , 56 (12) : 799 -810 . DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.074
过约束机构具有刚度大、结构简单、精度高等优点[1-2],在工程中得到广泛应用。同一构件受到2个或2个以上相同性质的约束,即说明该构件受到过度约束,称为过约束[3]。机构中存在公共约束或过约束的机构称为过约束机构[4]。最早的过约束机构是SARRUS提出的经典Sarrus连杆机构[5],之后出现了对空间单闭环过约束机构研究,如Bennett 4R连杆机构、Bricard 6R连杆机构等。
机构中引入过约束特性对机构性能会有一定的影响,许多学者对此做了大量研究。刘晓飞等[6]对6PUS+UPU与6PUS并联机构进行动力学对比,证明约束分支为无质量杆时可增加提高并联机构动力学性能;徐郑和[7]通过对比2RPU/UPR/RPR+R+P与2RPU/UPR+R+P机器人,发现含有过约束的机构具有更良好的刚度性能;文献[8-10]利用过约束并联机构具有较高刚度的特点,将其应用在天线机构中;胡波等[11]提出了一种过约束2RPU+UPU机构,该机构2个RPU分支提供过约束,提高了机构动力学性能。由此可见,在机构中引入过约束会使机构刚度等性能得到显著提升,但对于是否提高机构运动稳定性有待进一步研究。尽管有些学者通过设计多闭环类机构增加其稳定性,荀致远等[12]设计的空间三正交平行四边形滚动机构,WEI等[13]设计的球形滚动机构,GAO等[14]设计的含有规则三角双锥的新型耦合机构,但以上机构为单一运动模式,不能适用多地形,无法根据工况进行模式间切换[15-21]。
本文根据约束支链与平台均无连接的情况,以四杆机构及约束支链为本体,进行机构构型设计,并对设计机构的约束支链进行过约束判定,探究过约束支链对多模式移动并联机构稳定性的影响。对机构各运动模式进行运动学、稳定性分析,以证明含过约束支链的多模式移动并联机构更具稳定性,且通过仿真及样机制作对机构运动、各模式实现进行验证。
一般并联机构由动、定平台及平台间支链构成[22-23],将约束支链引入机构中时,如添加1条约束支链与平台直接连接,则会直接对平台产生过约束作用,因此,本文约束支链两端与平台均无连接。图1为约束支链与平台间支链连接示意图。
根据图1约束支链与平台均无连接的情况,以四杆机构为本体进行机构构型设计,引入约束支链,得到含约束支链的多模式移动并联机构,进行过约束支链判断,若为过约束支链,则得到含过约束支链的多模式移动并联机构。图2为本文机构设计流程图。
图3为机构设计演化图。以四杆机构为本体进行部分机构初步构型,为设计一种空间机构,以2个四杆正交机构为本体,构成图3a所示四杆相交机构,引入图3b所示约束支链RUR1(下标1表示两转动副轴线相互平行),其连接方式与图2一致,构成图3c所示衍生机构。该机构由平台、n条支链及约束支链构成,约束支链与平台均无连接。依此进行机构构型设计。
并联机构本质是一组空间多环机构,由动、定平台及n个杆组分支组成。如图4所示,当并联机构移动时,与地面接触杆组为静平台,移动杆组称为动平台,移动过程中并联机构的约束情况由杆组参数矩阵[24]来判断。在图4定平台建立坐标系,任一杆组分支末端可用杆组参数来表示,即
式中
      α、β、γ——X、Y、Z方向角位移
      x、y、z——X、Y、Z方向位移
当α、β、γ、x、y、z中有零值时,表示这个方向存在约束力或约束力偶。所有支链杆组参数组成杆组参数矩阵表示为
其中
式中
      Rx、Ry、Rz——所有支链在X、Y、Z方向角列向量
      Tx、Ty、Tz——所有支链在X、Y、Z方向线列向量
基点位移参数。
角列向量或线列向量中,如果存在2个及以上零元素,称其为多零角列向量或多零线列向量。若矩阵M中存在多零角列向量,即表示零元素对应的方向上存在过约束力偶;若存在多零线列向量,满足共轴、共面平行、空间平行等几何条件,则表示存在过约束。若矩阵中不含有多零列向量,则说明不存在过约束。
在判定机构中是否存在过约束前,首先机构需满足基本条件:①必须是闭合环路,串联链中不存在过约束。②研究的支链约束螺旋存在线性相关关系。③将串联支链与构件/平台重新连接时,会存在过约束。
依据上述设计方法和过约束判定理论,设计图5所示的含过约束支链的多模式移动并联机构。该机构由32个杆件、28个转动副、12个U副、2个平台构成,在图5a中,2个杆件通过中心运动副连接构成1个构件,用于连接约束支链与平台间的支链,如图6所示,该机构中包含4个构件。
标记12个U副分别用Ui(i=1,2,…,12)表示,2个平台为A、B,4个构件标记为C、D、E、F。与平台A、B连接转动副表示为Am、Bm(m=1,2,3,4),与构件相关的转动副表示为Im(I=C,D,E,F,m=1,2,…,5)。该机构初始时lU1U3=lU2U4=lU5U8=lU6U7=lU5U6=lU8U7=lU9U11=lU10U12=3l,且相邻两支链互相垂直,故机构初始位置时四边形U1U9U11U3、四边形U2U10U12U4、四边形U5U6U7U8均为正方形。
首先对机构整体进行过约束判断,根据机构中过约束存在基本条件进行环路划分[25],如表1所示,可分为环路BU10DU6EU11B、DU2AU3E、BU9CU5D、CU1A、BU12FU8C、FU4A、EU7F。
可得机构杆组参数矩阵为
杆组参数矩阵中存在多零角列向量,故该机构中存在过约束。
图7为约束支链三维图和结构关系图。U表示运动副,与构件相连转动副命名为Im(I=C,D,E,F,m=1,2),S表示支链中杆件,约束支链的杆件间互相有约束作用,用“→”表示约束方向,横线表示具有连接关系。
该机构及约束支链具有对称性,以构件D为例进行分析,假定构件C与构件D为机架,构件D与支链RCU5RD、RD2U6RE1构成闭合环路。运动链CU5DU6E中,杆件S11、S12、S21、S22通过运动副连接构成闭环,属于通过单个运动副闭合的情况,故运动链RCU5RD、RD2U6RE1杆组参数矩阵分别为
由基点运动参数向量可知构件D具有绕z轴转动的自由度。运动链RC2U5RD1与运动链RD2U6RE1通过构件D形成闭合环路,整个环路杆组参数矩阵为
矩阵中存在多零线列向量,且表明在x、y、z方向均存在4个平行约束力,存在公共约束。
类似可求出运动链RC1U8FU7RE2杆组参数矩阵,为
其中
约束支链由运动链CU5DU6E与运动链RC1U8FU7RE2通过构件E形成闭合环路,故整个约束支链杆组参数矩阵为
矩阵中存在多零线列向量,且表明在x、y、z方向均存在8个平行的约束力,存在过约束力,故该约束支链为过约束支链。
含约束支链的移动并联机构中转动副Im(I=A,B,…,F,m=1,2,3,4)轴线方向分别与x、y轴平行,如图8所示,当运动副绕轴线发生转动时,运动副间相对位置会发生改变,机构形状发生改变,运动模式也发生改变。
该机构具有四边形滚动模式和球形滚动模式,其运动副轴线间关系如表2所示。
机构中运动副轴线处于共线、平行关系时,机构为四边形模式,机构可沿AU1或AU3方向运动,与平台A、B连接的转动副均为锁止状态,初始时构件C、E中心处的转动轴线共线,当机构发生运动后,轴线为平行关系,构件D、F处的轴线始终为共线关系;机构中运动副轴线处于相交、共线、平行时,机构为球形模式,设机构初始状态下AUi(i=1,2,3,4)与平台A间夹角为150°,UiC(i=1,2,3,4)与平台A间夹角为120°,BUi(i=9,10,11,12)与平台B间夹角为150°,UiC(i=9,10,11,12)与平台B间夹角为120°时,相交轴线的角度关系与夹角角度相同,形状呈球形。
该机构为空间多闭环机构,具有一定的复杂性,在运动过程中会发生支链间的耦合,在自由度分析时,需要利用机构多环及对称的特征进行杆组拆分[26]。首先分析环路中对构件的约束作用,以平台B为输入件,构件C、D、E分别为输出件进行自由度分析,并建立等效串联运动链。图9为以平台B为机架,构件D为输出件进行拆分后的剩余机构,可划分为3个分支K1、K2、K3。
各分支旋量如图10所示,图10a分支K1为串联运动链BU9CU5D,图10b分支K2为串联链BU10D,图10c分支K3为含有闭环子链运动链(BU12 FU7+BU11)-EU6D,分析各支链对构件D的约束情况,建立平台B与构件D之间的等效串联运动链。以平台B中心O为原点建立坐标系Oxyz,x轴沿BU10方向,y轴沿BU11方向,根据右手法则得到z轴方向。
首先对分支K1进行自由度分析,可知不存在反螺旋,该分支对输出件D无约束作用。
该分支K2各运动旋量如图10b所示,该分支在坐标系Oxyz反运动螺旋为
该分支K3运动旋量如图10c所示,该分支含有闭环子链(BU12FU7+BU11),支链BU11在坐标系Oxyz反运动螺旋为
对支链BU12FU7在坐标系Oxyz进行螺旋分析,该支链对构件E无约束。
构件E运动螺旋系为
故原分支K3运动螺旋系在坐标系Oxyz表示为
该分支运动反螺旋为
输出件D运动螺旋在坐标系Oxyz表示为
由式(14)可知,构件D具有绕y轴转动和沿x、z轴移动自由度。根据等效支链法,分支K1、K2、K3运动旋量可由构件D处约束情况表示。
由于机构对称性,构件C、E、F运动旋量与构件D相同,均具有1个转动自由度和2个移动自由度。剩余机构运动螺旋如图11所示,结合各构件运动螺旋,便可得整个机构自由度。
以构件D为例,DU2A支链上各运动螺旋在坐标系Oxyz表示为
其反运动螺旋求解为
该支链对平台A受到z轴方向的约束力偶,约束了平台A沿z轴方向的移动。由于机构具有对称性,支链CU1A、EU3A、FU4A对平台A的约束相同。
根据修正的G-K公式[27-28]可得机构自由度为
机构各模式自由度如表3所示。
图12为机构处于四边形滚动模式运动学模型图,以平台A中心O2为原点建立坐标系O2x2y2z2,x2轴沿着O2U2方向,y2轴沿着O2U3方向,根据右手定则可得z2轴;以过约束支链所在平面中心O1为原点建立坐标系O1x1y1z1,x1轴与x2轴方向相同,y1轴与y2轴方向相同,可根据右手定则可得轴,机构空间坐标为Oxyz。假设机构沿y轴正方向运动,设运动角度θ1后,其中,原点O2变为,O1变为,与z轴夹角为θ1,过约束支链所在平面有2个转动,1个是绕转动副D5和F5的轴线发生转动,设转动角为θ2,该过程中只有该平面上的运动副坐标会发生变化,另1个是相对于空间坐标系发生转动,该机构输入角为∠BU11E=θ3,其中,其中。
平台A所在平面各转动副在坐标系O2x2y2z2中坐标表示为,其中m=1,2,3,4,U副坐标表示为,其中i=1,2,3,4;过约束支链所在平面各转动副在坐标系O1x1y1z1下坐标为,各U副坐标表示为,其中i=5,6,7,8;平台B所在平面各转动副在坐标系Oxyz中坐标表示为,其中m=1,2,3,4,U副坐标表示为,其中i=9,10,11,12。
机构转动θ1,此过程旋转变换矩阵为
转动θ1后平台A所在平面各运动副在空间坐标系Oxyz坐标表示为
假设约束支链所在平面的运动分步完成,先绕x1轴转动θ2,再绕x轴转动θ1,则其所在平面运动副旋转变换矩阵为
故U副Ui(i=5~8)及构件C、D、E、F处转动副在空间坐标系Oxyz坐标表示为
图13为球形滚动模式运动学模型图,以过约束支链所在平面中心O为原点建立坐标系Oxyz,Oxyz为空间坐标系。根据机构的几何特征可知,AmBm、CmDm、EmFm(m=1,2,3,4)连线相互垂直,设其交点为Oi(i=1,2,…,12)再依次连接ImJn(I,J=A,B,…,F,m,n=1,2,3,4)使三角形OiImJn构成直角三角形,以直角三角形O1A1C3为例,O1处为直角,O1A1⊥O1C3。OiIm长度设为dp(p=1,2,…,6),沿z轴正、负方向的OiIm分别为d1、d2,沿x轴正、负方向的OiIm分别为d3、d4,沿y轴正、负方向的OiIm分别为d5、d6,可得
设Ui(i=1,2,…,12)处杆件间角度为αi(i=1,2,…,12),杆长为l,则
根据式(23)和式(24)可得
令bi=2l2(1-cosαi)(i=1,2,…,12),可得
则Im处位置坐标表示为。
ImJn(m,n=1,2,3,4)中点为Mi(i=1,2,…,12),可知UiMi与ImJn垂直,过约束支链CDEF所在平面坐标为Oxy,可得
根据式(27)可得
其中
闭环ACBE所在平面坐标为Oyz,可得
其中
闭环ADBF所在平面的平面坐标为Oxz,可得
其中
由于约束支链与机构中支链存在连接关系,故构成空间多闭环机构[29],该类机构在运动时,与地面接触面积增大,减小了与地面的冲击力[30]。通过对比分析机构2种模式在是否含过约束支链时对机构运动稳定性的影响。
该机构中杆件、构件及平台质量均匀,形状对称,其质量中心位于其几何中心,设长度l为60 cm。在对机构质心分析时,采用ZMP原理对机构运动时稳定性进行分析。y方向ZMP表达式为
式中
      mi——各组件质量,kg
      、——各组件在坐标系中质心加速度,m/s2
      yi、zi——各组件在坐标系中质心坐标,m
      Iix——各杆件绕x轴转动惯量,kg·m2
      ——各组件绕x轴旋转角加速度,rad/s2
      g——重力加速度,m/s2
由于机构为匀速运动,角速度恒定,故角加速度为0。
机构处于四边形滚动模式时:
图14为四边形滚动模式时机构含/不含过约束支链示意图,该模式下机构在含/不含过约束支链运动时yZMP与θ3关系对比如图15所示。由图15可得,角度相同时,含有过约束支链的机构yZMP较小,说明运动时其稳定性更好。
图16为球形滚动模式时机构含/不含过约束支链示意图,对该模式下机构在含/不含过约束支链运动时yZMP与α1的关系对比如图17所示。由图17可得,含过约束支链移动并联机构在运动过程中稳定性更加良好。
用Solidworks创建该含有过约束支链的移动并联机构三维模型,将该模型保存为. XT格式文件并导入ADAMS;根据该机构设计信息,设动、定平台及各支链基本参数;根据动、定平台与各支链之间的关系,添加运动副;设定运动副之间的约束,添加驱动函数以带动机构整体模型运动,创建其仿真运动模型。
由于ADAMS软件在设定驱动函数时,需将角度转换为弧度,变量转换为t,由此设定驱动函数为Step(time,0,0,11.2,45d)。
调整机构仿真运动周期及转动角度进行虚拟仿真,可得机构在一个周期内的运动过程示意图。如图18、19所示,通过观察可发现,该模型整体运动过程较为平稳,且机构各部分正常运动,未发生异常,整体与理论预期的运动姿态几乎一致。
对该含过约束支链的移动并联机构两种运动模式进行ADAMS运动学仿真验证,如图18、19所示。
由图18可知,T=0 s为机构初始模态,在电机驱动下杆件发生偏移,质心偏移使机构发生翻转,从而实现机构运动;T=2.7 s时机构发生1次翻转,T=4.6 s时为机构翻转90°后的模态;T=7.1 s时为机构翻转2次后的模态;T=10 s时为机构翻转3次后的模态;T=11.2 s时为机构翻转4次后的模态,此时与地面接触的平面与初始时相同。
由图19可知,T=0 s时为机构初始模态,此时构件与地面接触,在电机驱动下杆件发生转动使质心产生偏移,从而实现机构的滚动运动。T=2 s时机构沿某个面进行滚动;T=2~18 s为机构沿某些面进行连续滚动模态图。由于运动时机构与地面为面接触,故其运动轨迹不是一条直线,可使机构在每个运动转折点进行方向的改变。该接触方式不仅增加与地面接触面积,使机构在运动过程中更具有稳定性,更具有多向滚动优点。
对比仿真结果与理论分析,可发现两者运动学特性表现出高度的一致,证明了该过约束移动并联机构运动学理论模型的正确性,同时也体现了该机构设计的合理性。
对该含过约束支链的多模式运动并联机构进行模型制作,机构模型参数为:杆件长度均为60 cm,平台质量为0.8 kg,构件质量为0.7 kg,其余杆件质量为0.5 kg。
图20为机构处于四边形模式时的实物模型运动图。与图18中几个时刻机构模态相对应。机构由初始T=0 s开始运动,整体发生倾斜偏移,机构实现偏转运动,该机构进行周期运动,完成一个周期后,机构模态与初始位置的机构模态相同。
图21为机构处于球形模式的实物模型运动图,与图19中几个时刻机构的模态相对应,与四边形模式运动相同,均为周期性运动。
(1)以四杆机构及约束支链为本体构造了一种含约束支链的多模式移动并联机构,分析了过约束支链与平台均无连接的情况,经过过约束支链判定,得到了一种含过约束支链的多模式移动并联机构,将过约束支链与多模式移动并联类机构结合。
(2)由于机构为空间多环路机构,运动时会产生支链间的耦合,采用杆组等效法对其进行自由度分析;并对机构四边形滚动模式及球形滚动模式进行运动学分析。
(3)分析了过约束支链对机构运动时稳定性的影响,对比分析机构含/不含有过约束支链运动时yZMP与角度之间的关系,得到机构含有过约束支链时其稳定性能更良好。
(4)利用ADAMS对机构2种模式进行运动学仿真,并制作了样机,验证了机构运动的可行性。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52005317)
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2025年第56卷第12期
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doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.074
  • 接收时间:2024-08-28
  • 首发时间:2026-09-30
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-28
  • 修回日期:2024-09-28
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国家自然科学基金项目(52005317)
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    1.上海工程技术大学机械与汽车工程学院,上海 201620
    2.蔚来汽车(安徽)有限公司,合肥 230061
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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