Article(id=1312006354747880266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, issueId=1311999647825101743, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.068, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744560000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-14, revisedDate=1749484800000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790736290870, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790736290870, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790736290870, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790736290870, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311999647825101743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, year='2025', volume='56', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='818', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790734691815, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790738411040, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312015247465083866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, issueId=1311999647825101743, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312015247465083867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, issueId=1311999647825101743, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=738, endPage=749, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1312006355037287244, articleId=1312006354747880266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, language=EN, title=Investigation of Characteristics and Assembly Mechanisms of Bacterial Community Structure in Sediments of the Second Drainage Ditch in Yinchuan City, columnId=1312006354945012555, journalTitle=Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, columnName=Agricultural Bio-environment and Energy Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

High-throughput sequencing technology, non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), neutral community model (NCM) and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used to analyze sediment physicochemical properties, bacterial structural features, community assembly, and driving mechanisms in order to examine the bacterial community structure characteristics and community assembly processes of sediments in the Second Drainage Channel of Yinchuan City. The findings indicated that whereas total nitrogen (TN) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) concentrations did not substantially correlate with α-diversity indices, electrical conductivity (EC) did considerably positively correlate with Chao1, Observed, Shannon, and Simpson diversity indices. Thiobacillus, Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17, and Dechloromonas were the major genera in the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria and Desulfobacterota. Results from PER-SIMPER, DNCI, and the NCM model consistently showed that stochastic processes dominated the bacterial community assembly between August 2021 and August 2022. EC, NH4-N, and total phosphorus (TP) were the main drivers of the neutrality model's stochasticity (R2) and the stability of the co-occurrence network structure, according to SEM analysis. Co-occurrence network stability was specifically directly and significantly impacted negatively by EC (r=-0.369) and positively by TP (r=0.504). The research revealed the bacterial assembly methods, co-occurrence network topology, and the driving impacts of physicochemical parameters on R2 and network stability, in addition to advancing the understanding of structure characteristics of bacterial communities in aquatic sediments.

, authors=Cheng XU1, Zeyu WEI1, Xiaocong QIU2, Yongliang FU1, Chuyou WANG1, Junlin DONG1, Zengfeng ZHAO1, authorsList=Cheng XU, Zeyu WEI, Xiaocong QIU, Yongliang FU, Chuyou WANG, Junlin DONG, Zengfeng ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaocong QIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1312006358904435556, articleId=1312006354747880266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, language=CN, title=银川市第二排水沟沉积物细菌群落结构特征与构建机制研究, columnId=1312006355121173325, journalTitle=农业机械学报, columnName=农业生物环境与能源工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探讨银川市第二排水沟沉积物细菌群落结构特征及其群落构建过程的影响,结合高通量测序技术、非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)、中性群落模型(NCM)以及结构方程模型(SEM),分析沉积物理化特征及细菌的结构特征、群落构建及驱动机制。结果表明,电导率(EC)与Chao1指数、Observed指数、Shannon指数、Simpson指数均存在显著性正相关,而总氮(TN)和铵态氮(NH4-N)含量与α多样性指数均不存在显著性。细菌优势菌门为变形菌门和脱硫杆菌门,优势菌属为Thiobacillus、Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17和Dechloromonas菌属。从2021年8月到2022年8月,基于NCM模型、PER-SIMPER和DNCI的结果均表明细菌群落构建主要受随机过程的影响。SEM分析表明中性模型随机性过程(R2)和共现网络结构稳定性主要受EC、NH4-N和总磷(TP)含量驱动,其中EC能够直接影响共现网络结构的稳定性,且存在显著性负相关(r=-0.369);TP含量直接影响R2,同时存在显著性正相关(r=0.504)。本研究不仅拓展了对水域沉积物细菌群落结构特征认识,也探明了细菌构建机制及共现网络拓扑特性,以及理化因子对R2和共现网络结构稳定性的驱动过程。

, authors=徐程1, 魏泽宇1, 邱小琮2, 付永亮1, 王楚尤1, 董军林1, 赵增锋1, authorsList=徐程, 魏泽宇, 邱小琮, 付永亮, 王楚尤, 董军林, 赵增锋, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=邱小琮, authorNote=

徐程(1993—),男,博士生,主要从事流域水生态研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
邱小琮(1971—),男,教授,博士,主要从事水域生态学及水环境调控研究,E-mail:
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Coordinates of sampling points

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采样点经度/(°)纬度/(°)高程/m位置特征
S1106.269 62538.426 5011 107.40胜利街交叉路口
S2106.281 72038.440 5681 105.10宝湖东路交叉路口
S3106.300 61038.454 8441 103.20新华东街交叉路口
S4106.309 12238.460 4861 100.10银通公路交叉路口
S5106.319 87538.466 8801 098.70北京东路交叉路口
S6106.368 65238.489 5181 095.10京藏高速交叉路口
), ArticleFig(id=1312006366936527787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312006354747880266, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

采样点坐标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采样点经度/(°)纬度/(°)高程/m位置特征
S1106.269 62538.426 5011 107.40胜利街交叉路口
S2106.281 72038.440 5681 105.10宝湖东路交叉路口
S3106.300 61038.454 8441 103.20新华东街交叉路口
S4106.309 12238.460 4861 100.10银通公路交叉路口
S5106.319 87538.466 8801 098.70北京东路交叉路口
S6106.368 65238.489 5181 095.10京藏高速交叉路口
), ArticleFig(id=1312006367267877804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312006354747880266, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

β diversity index and proportion of each component in bacterial communities in different months

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月份总β多样性指数替换丰富度替换占比/%丰富度差异占比/%
2021-080.2950.2420.05382.0317.97
2021-120.3150.2360.07974.9225.08
2022-050.3360.2410.09571.7328.27
2022-080.3600.2350.12565.2034.80
2021—20220.3580.2780.08077.6622.34
), ArticleFig(id=1312006367355958189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312006354747880266, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同月份细菌群落β多样性指数与各组分占比

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月份总β多样性指数替换丰富度替换占比/%丰富度差异占比/%
2021-080.2950.2420.05382.0317.97
2021-120.3150.2360.07974.9225.08
2022-050.3360.2410.09571.7328.27
2022-080.3600.2350.12565.2034.80
2021—20220.3580.2780.08077.6622.34
), ArticleFig(id=1312006367632782254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312006354747880266, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Topological characteristics of co-occurrence network of sediment bacterial communities

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网络拓扑指标2021-082021-122022-052022-08
网络直径7878
平均度7.8209.00810.86311.527
模块化系数0.6610.6240.5930.614
图密度0.0590.0690.0750.070
平均聚类系数0.5330.5340.5950.614
平均路径长度3.2113.2513.0653.213
链接部件数7476
), ArticleFig(id=1312006367699891119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312006354747880266, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

沉积物细菌群落共现网络的拓扑结构特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
网络拓扑指标2021-082021-122022-052022-08
网络直径7878
平均度7.8209.00810.86311.527
模块化系数0.6610.6240.5930.614
图密度0.0590.0690.0750.070
平均聚类系数0.5330.5340.5950.614
平均路径长度3.2113.2513.0653.213
链接部件数7476
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银川市第二排水沟沉积物细菌群落结构特征与构建机制研究
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徐程 1 , 魏泽宇 1 , 邱小琮 2 , 付永亮 1 , 王楚尤 1 , 董军林 1 , 赵增锋 1
农业机械学报 | 农业生物环境与能源工程 2025,56(12): 738-749
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农业机械学报 |农业生物环境与能源工程 2025 , 56 (12) : 738 -749
银川市第二排水沟沉积物细菌群落结构特征与构建机制研究
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徐程1 , 魏泽宇1, 邱小琮2 , 付永亮1, 王楚尤1, 董军林1, 赵增锋1
作者信息
  • 1.宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,银川 750021
  • 2.宁夏大学生命科学学院,银川 750021
通讯作者:
邱小琮(1971—),男,教授,博士,主要从事水域生态学及水环境调控研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

徐程(1993—),男,博士生,主要从事流域水生态研究,E-mail:

Investigation of Characteristics and Assembly Mechanisms of Bacterial Community Structure in Sediments of the Second Drainage Ditch in Yinchuan City
Cheng XU1 , Zeyu WEI1, Xiaocong QIU2 , Yongliang FU1, Chuyou WANG1, Junlin DONG1, Zengfeng ZHAO1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
  • 2.School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.068
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为探讨银川市第二排水沟沉积物细菌群落结构特征及其群落构建过程的影响,结合高通量测序技术、非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)、中性群落模型(NCM)以及结构方程模型(SEM),分析沉积物理化特征及细菌的结构特征、群落构建及驱动机制。结果表明,电导率(EC)与Chao1指数、Observed指数、Shannon指数、Simpson指数均存在显著性正相关,而总氮(TN)和铵态氮(NH4-N)含量与α多样性指数均不存在显著性。细菌优势菌门为变形菌门和脱硫杆菌门,优势菌属为Thiobacillus、Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17和Dechloromonas菌属。从2021年8月到2022年8月,基于NCM模型、PER-SIMPER和DNCI的结果均表明细菌群落构建主要受随机过程的影响。SEM分析表明中性模型随机性过程(R2)和共现网络结构稳定性主要受EC、NH4-N和总磷(TP)含量驱动,其中EC能够直接影响共现网络结构的稳定性,且存在显著性负相关(r=-0.369);TP含量直接影响R2,同时存在显著性正相关(r=0.504)。本研究不仅拓展了对水域沉积物细菌群落结构特征认识,也探明了细菌构建机制及共现网络拓扑特性,以及理化因子对R2和共现网络结构稳定性的驱动过程。

细菌群落结构  /  NCM模型  /  群落构建  /  结构方程模型

High-throughput sequencing technology, non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), neutral community model (NCM) and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used to analyze sediment physicochemical properties, bacterial structural features, community assembly, and driving mechanisms in order to examine the bacterial community structure characteristics and community assembly processes of sediments in the Second Drainage Channel of Yinchuan City. The findings indicated that whereas total nitrogen (TN) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) concentrations did not substantially correlate with α-diversity indices, electrical conductivity (EC) did considerably positively correlate with Chao1, Observed, Shannon, and Simpson diversity indices. Thiobacillus, Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17, and Dechloromonas were the major genera in the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria and Desulfobacterota. Results from PER-SIMPER, DNCI, and the NCM model consistently showed that stochastic processes dominated the bacterial community assembly between August 2021 and August 2022. EC, NH4-N, and total phosphorus (TP) were the main drivers of the neutrality model's stochasticity (R2) and the stability of the co-occurrence network structure, according to SEM analysis. Co-occurrence network stability was specifically directly and significantly impacted negatively by EC (r=-0.369) and positively by TP (r=0.504). The research revealed the bacterial assembly methods, co-occurrence network topology, and the driving impacts of physicochemical parameters on R2 and network stability, in addition to advancing the understanding of structure characteristics of bacterial communities in aquatic sediments.

bacterial community structure  /  NCM model  /  community assembly  /  structural equation modeling
徐程, 魏泽宇, 邱小琮, 付永亮, 王楚尤, 董军林, 赵增锋. 银川市第二排水沟沉积物细菌群落结构特征与构建机制研究. 农业机械学报, 2025 , 56 (12) : 738 -749 . DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.068
Cheng XU, Zeyu WEI, Xiaocong QIU, Yongliang FU, Chuyou WANG, Junlin DONG, Zengfeng ZHAO. Investigation of Characteristics and Assembly Mechanisms of Bacterial Community Structure in Sediments of the Second Drainage Ditch in Yinchuan City[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2025 , 56 (12) : 738 -749 . DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.068
排水沟作为城乡排水系统的重要组成部分,不仅承担着雨污水的汇集与输送功能,还在水体自净、污染物截留与降解以及灌溉水源分配等方面发挥着关键作用[1]。近年来,随着城市化进程的加快与面源污染的加剧,排水沟沉积物环境条件发生显著变化,其微生物群落结构及功能潜能日益成为环境监测与污染修复研究的热点[2]。与其他排水沟相比,银川市第二排水沟(后面简称“二排”)功能则更为突出。二排贯穿宁夏回族自治区银川市区,不仅具备农田灌溉、防洪排涝等功能,还需要接纳银川市第五污水处理厂的尾水和沿线的生活污水。因此、基于二排在银川市的独特地位,对二排沉积物细菌群落结构特征及构建机制加以研究则尤为重要。
排水沟沉积物中微生物群落的构建机制是一个复杂的生态过程,涉及多种环境因子与微生物相互作用。细菌作为沉积物生态系统中的重要组成部分,不仅在有机物降解、氮磷循环及污染物转化等方面发挥着关键作用,还通过微生物群落之间的竞争、协同与合作,调节生态环境的平衡[3]。然而,细菌群落的形成与演替并非单一因素的结果,而是多重因素共同作用的结果,主要包括随机过程与确定性过程两大类机制。随机过程通常在微生物群落的初期建立阶段起着重要作用[4]。沉积物中不同的理化特性、海拔及季节变化等因素可能导致细菌群落的随机变化。文献[5]表明太湖入湖河口表层沉积物细菌群落结构主要受流速和总有机碳含量显著影响,中性群落模型分析结果显示随机性生态过程在入湖河口细菌群落构建过程中起着关键作用;相对河流和湖泊,河口细菌群落的随机性生态过程相对贡献更低。文献[6]表明海拔和纬度分别是青藏高原湖泊沉积物和水体细菌群落结构变化最显著的驱动因子。沉积物细菌群落均具有明显的距离衰减模式。文献[7]表明对汉江上游干支流沉积物细菌群落在不同季节有显著差异;确定性过程并未在细菌群落组成中起到主导作用;随机过程很大程度上影响了群落在秋季和春季的组成,是沉积物细菌群落构建的主导因素。而确定性过程则主要是指环境选择压力对微生物群落的筛选作用。在排水沟沉积物中,环境因子如有机物含量、pH值、氧化还原电位、重金属浓度等,将直接影响细菌种群的生长与分布。文献[8]表明有机无机肥配施因有机物在厌氧消化过程中增加产甲烷细菌而增加甲烷排放。文献[9]表明细菌的丰富度和多样性与土壤的pH值密切相关。文献[10]表明As和Hg对不同的优势菌门产生影响显著。此外,细菌群落的构建机制不仅受单一环境因子的影响,还受到多种因素的综合作用,且不同环境条件下,随机过程与确定性过程可能会相互交织。在一些受到严重污染的排水沟中,环境选择可能起主导作用,决定了特定耐污染细菌群落的建立[11];而在较为自然或未受污染的地区,随机过程则可能在细菌群落的初期形成阶段中占主导地位[12]。
本文以银川市第二排水沟兴庆区段为代表研究区域,选择其表层沉积物为研究对象,结合高通量测序结果与环境因子特征,分析沉积物细菌群落结构、变化规律。探讨排水沟沉积物中细菌群落构建机制,分析群落构建过程中确定性过程与随机过程的相对贡献度,并结合共现网络及结构方程模型(SEM)揭示驱动其群落构建过程的影响因子。系统评估排水沟细菌群落的演替规律及其驱动因素,以期为更好地认识和理解细菌群落构建机制提供理论支持,以及为污染治理提供科学依据。
二排是一条重要的排水沟道,全长32 km,起点位于金凤区良田镇植物园村,贯穿银川市,最终流入黄河。本研究在二排兴庆区境内设置6个采样点,采用GPS确定各采样点经纬度坐标以及高程。各点位具体特征位置和坐标见图1和表1所示。
本实验从2021年8月至次年8月累积4次采样,采样时间分别为2021年8月份、2021年12月份、2022年5月份以及2022年8月份。沉积物用抓斗式采泥器采取0~20 cm的表层沉积物样品,每个采样点及上下游10 m处各进行一次,将该采样点对应的3个样品充分混合后均分成两份样品,1份样品放入-80℃冷冻柜保存,用于细菌16S rRNA高通量测序;1份经自然风干后粉碎过100目筛,用于测定理化指标。
沉积物样品检测主要为:pH值、盐度(SAL)、电导率(EC)以及总氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO3-N)、铵态氮(NH4-N)、总磷(TP)含量共7个指标,具体土壤理化性质指标测定方法参考文献[13]。
使用NucleoSpin 96 soil DNA提取试剂盒(MACHEREY-NAGEL公司,德国)提取样品DNA。338F(5′-ACTCCTACGGGAGG CAGCA-3′)和806R(5′-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′)作为引物集对16S rRNA(V3+V4)区域进行PCR扩增[14]。扩增产物按等摩尔比混合,使用Monarch DNA凝胶提取试剂盒(New England Biolabs公司,美国)纯化,并用于高通量测序。配对后的reads使用FLASH(version 1.2.11)连接,合并后的reads使用QIIME 1.9.1处理[15]。在用Cutadapt(version 1.9.1)检测和裁剪引物序列之前,用Trimmomatic(version 0.33)[16]对原始序列进行去噪、排序和分离。将嵌合物UCHIME(version 8.1)过滤后,剩余序列用USEARCH(version 10.0)[16]聚类成OTUs(序列相似度97%以上),OTUs的阈值为所有序列计数的0.005%。
使用Excel 2021和SPSS 27.0对理化指标数据和土壤微生物丰度数据统计整理,采用单因素ANOVA检验方法进行显著性分析。利用Mothur(version 1.3.0)计算α多样性。利用Origin 2022对门水平及属水平下细菌群落结构绘制柱形堆积图。采用Mantel_test分析α多样性指数与环境因子相关性。采用Bray-Curtis距离分析群落多样性,使用R语言vegan包和ANOSIM包进行细菌群落结构组成的ANOSIM分析,采用非度量多维尺度分析方法(Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis,NMDS)基于OTUs水平研究细菌群落组成的相似性或差异性,R语言绘制NMDS分析图。采用Baselga提出的β多样性分解框架进行β多样性分解[17]。采用NCM评估随机过程对土壤微生物群落构建过程的相对重要性[18],NCM使用Hmisc、minpack.lm和stats4包进行。使用PER-SIMPER(PERSIMPER. R函数)和DNCI(DNCImper包)[19]评估土壤微生物群落构建过程中确定性过程和随机过程的相对重要性。共现网络构建利用R 4.3.2中的psych包进行Spearman相关性分析,选择具有相关性的节点代入分析,利用Gephi(V 0.10.1)软件进行计算与可视化处理。
4次采样中,沉积物物理化学性质存在一定差异(图2),其中pH值、EC、SAL和TP含量(质量比)存在显著性差异,且pH值、EC和SAL在2022年5月均值最大,分别为8.73、162.5 μS/cm和8.36%;TP含量在4次采样过程成上升趋势,均值分别为0.40、0.59、0.64、0.69 g/kg。尽管TN、NO3-N和NH4-N含量在4次采样中均未表现出统计学上的显著性差异,但各项指标在不同时间点呈现出一定的变化趋势,反映出明显的季节性规律与外部干扰影响。TN含量在采样期间呈现出先降低后升高的趋势,2022年5月TN含量较2021年8月降低41.28%。该变化与夏季施肥输入增加、作物吸收利用以及随后的降水淋溶作用共同影响有关。NO3-N含量在2021年12月达到最高值(7.28 mg/kg)。NH4-N含量在前3次采样中波动较小(43.77~55.79 mg/kg),而在2022年8月显著升高至76.13 mg/kg,这与夏季高温条件可能抑制了铵态氮的硝化转化过程,导致其在土壤中积累有关。
Chao1指数、Observed指数、Shannon指数和Simpson指数等α多样性指数是反映微生物群落丰富度和多样性的重要指标。二排4次采样土壤细菌的Chao1指数、Observed指数、Shannon指数和Simpson指数,如图3(图中不同字母表示差异显著)所示,采用Mantel_test分析对多样性指数与理化因子的相关性分析,如图4所示。Chao1指数和Observed指数在2021年12月与2022年5月存在显著性差异,在2021年12月处在最低值(1 840.56和1 814.16),2022年5月处在最大值(2 369.48和2 360),而4次采样中Shannon指数和Simpson指数均不存在显著性差异,其中在2022年8月Shannon指数和Simpson指数低于其他3次,分别为9.14和0.96。Mantel_test分析表明:4个α多样性指数主要与NO3-N、EC、SAL和高程存在显著性关系,且都呈现正相关。其中Chao1指数和Shannon指数与NO3-N含量和EC存在显著性关系;Observed指数与NO3-N含量、EC和SAL存在显著性关系;而Simpson指数与EC和高程呈现显著性。同时TN和NH4-N与α多样性指数均呈现负相关,而NO3-N、EC、SAL和高程与α多样性指数均呈现正相关。
从门水平分析4次采样沉积物细菌相对丰度前十沉积物细菌群落特征(图5a),结果表明相对丰度占比最大的菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria,31.5%~42.5%),其次为脱硫杆菌门(Desulfobacterota,11.5%~14.7%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,8.4%~11.7%),在相对丰度前十菌门中酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria,2.6%~4.2%)标准差最小,表明其最稳定。4次采样前十菌门的累积相对丰度分别为85.4%、89.6%、83.8%和92.0%,呈现出不同的变化趋势。其中2022年8月累积相对丰度最大(92.0%)表明在这些样本中,前10个菌门占据了主导地位,可能意味着某些微生物群体的优势地位。而2022年5月最低(83.8%)则可能表示这些样本中的微生物群落更为多样化,前10个菌门的丰度相对分散。
为了进一步分析属水平细菌群落结构,对4次的细菌相对丰度前十菌属绘制柱状图(图5b),结果表明:相对丰度前十菌属都存在显著差异;相对丰度超过1%的主要优势菌属分别为Thiobacillus、Rhodoferax、Sulfuricurvum、Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17和Dechloromonas菌属。其中2021年8月的优势菌属为Thiobacillus、Rhodoferax、Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17和Dechloromonas;2021年12月前十菌属相对丰度均超过1%;2022年5月的优势菌属为Thiobacillus,Rhodoferax、Sulfuricurvum、Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17、Dechloromonas和Smithella菌属;2022年8月的优势菌属为Thiobacillus、Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17和Dechloromonas菌属。在4次采样中Thiobacillus、Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17和Dechloromonas菌属相对丰度均超过1%,且每次Thiobacillus菌属的相对丰度均最高。2021年12月前十菌属分布差异最小,且前十菌属累积丰度从高到底依次为2021年12月(24.91%)、2021年8月(17.28%)、2022年5月(14.55%)、2022年8月(15.32%)。
利用基于Bray-Curtis距离的NMDS方法评估二排不同月份沉积物细菌群落的相似性,结果见图6。Stress值小于0.2表明图形具有较好的表现效果;R值大于0表示分组有效;P值小于0.05则表明存在显著性差异;置信椭圆表示质心的95%置信区间。根据图6,Stress值为0.183,P=0.001,R=0.477,表明模型效果良好,且不同月份之间细菌的群落结构存在显著差异。
对二排自2021年8月至2022年8月4次采样中沉积物细菌群进行β多样性分析(表2,图7)。结果表明2021年8月至2022年8月4次采样中沉积物细菌群总体β多样性指数为0.358,物种替换占比78.77%,物种丰富度差异占比21.23%;其中在2021年8月物种替换占比82.03%,物种丰富度差异占比17.97%;2021年12月物种替换占比74.92%,物种丰富度差异占比25.08%;2022年5月物种替换占比71.73%,物种丰富度差异占比28.27%;2022年8月物种替换占比65.20%,物种丰富度差异占比34.80%。自2021年至2022年4次采样结果表明,沉积物细菌总体的β多样性指数呈现上升趋势(0.295→0.360),同时物种丰富度差异占比也呈上升趋势(17.97%→34.80%)。
中性群落模型的R2表示模拟的拟合程度,值越高表示拟合程度越好,受随机性的影响越大。参数Nm表示每一代中从一个位置迁移到另一个位置的个体数量,Nm值越高,迁移速率越大,更多的个体在不同的地点之间迁移,导致物种在这些地点之间的分布更加均匀。二排在4次采样的中性模型如图8,其中R2和Nm在2021年8月为0.484和187,2021年12月为0.538和226,2022年5月为0.576和188,2022年8月为0.638和152。2021年8月至2022年8月,R2逐步增大,表明细菌群落逐渐趋向随机性过程影响,而Nm从2021年12月的226到2022年8月的152,呈现逐渐减小的趋势,表明迁移率在减小,且物种分布的均匀度也逐渐减小。在2022年8月R2最大,Nm值最小,表明群落中性模型能较好地拟合数据,解释了群落物种的分布和多样性;群落内部的变化可能主要由随机过程主导,尽管存在一定程度的迁移(Nm=152),但迁移对群落结构的影响相对较小,群落之间可能较为独立或相对封闭。
PER-SIMPER包含3个零模型;因此得到了3种不同的E值分布(图8e、8f)。扩散控制模型和生态位与扩散控制模型的E值相对较低,说明扩散是驱动沉积物细菌群落构建的主要驱动力。DNCI也得到了类似的结果(图8f)。2021年8月、2021年12月、2022年5月和2022年8月的DNCI值均为负值,表明沉积物细菌群落主要受到随机过程的影响。结合NCM、PER-SIMPER和DNCI的结果表明,二排沟沉积物细菌群落构建过程在很大程度上受随机过程的影响。
分别对4次采样沉积物细菌群落进行共现网络和拓扑结构特征分析(图9和表3),根据共现网络拓扑指标的分析,从2021年8月到2022年8月,网络拓扑呈现出一定的演化趋势。2021年8月,节点之间的距离适中,节点之间形成了较为集中的子群体,整体网络结构尚算紧凑,网络连接性较强,网络在这个阶段有一定的连通性。到2021年12月,最远节点之间的距离稍有增大,网络的扩展性略微降低,节点之间的连接更加紧密,网络逐渐扩展;模块化系数略微下降,节点之间的联系更加均匀、连接变得更加频繁,聚类系数轻微上升,局部结构的紧密度有所增加;链接部件减少至4,网络变得更加连通,孤立的子群体有所减少。到了2022年5月,最远节点之间的距离再次缩短,网络变得更加紧凑,网络的连通性进一步增强,节点之间的关系更加密切;聚类系数继续上升至0.595,局部结构更加紧凑,节点间的邻居连接更为密切。节点之间的平均最短路径最短,网络的连通性最强。至2022年8月,最远节点之间的距离有所扩大,平均度继续上升至11.527,节点之间的连接进一步增多,网络的复杂性进一步增强,局部群体的连接变得更加紧密,节点之间的联系更加稳定;网络的整体距离有所增加,但仍然保持较短的平均路径。同时网络中的孤立子群体数量有所减少,整体连通性进一步提高。
为了探究细化特性对沉积物细菌群落构建过程及共现网络稳定性[20]特征的影响,开展了结构方程模型(SEM)对数据进行筛选和拟合,最终筛选出EC、NH4-N含量、TP含量、NMDS、Shannon指数、中性模型的R2和共现网络稳定性指数构建结构方程模型(图10),图中实线表示正相关、虚线表示负相关。结果显示模型参数表现良好(X2=6.959,自由度为10,P=0.374,GFI值为0.968,CFI值为1.000,RMSEA值小于0.001,SRMR值为0.039)。结果表明,EC和NH4-N含量对细菌群落构建过程的R2无直接影响,仅TP含量和NMDS直接影响R2,且TP含量与其呈现显著正相关(r=0.504);稳定性指数主要受EC、Shannon指数和R2的直接影响,且都呈现显著性。其他因素对R2和稳定性指数的变化主要为间接影响。同时表明NMDS主要受EC、NH4-N含量和Shannon指数的直接影响,其中Shannon指数与其呈现极显著负相关。
在本研究中,Chao1指数和Observed指数主要反映了物种丰富度,结果显示这两项指标在不同月份存在显著性差异,其中2022年5月达到最高值,而2021年12月则最低,这可能与春季温暖、资源丰富等环境条件促进物种繁殖有关,而冬季低温等不利因素导致物种减少有关[21]。相较之下,Shannon指数和Simpson指数既考虑物种丰富度又关注物种丰度均匀性,其4次测定均无显著性差异,这表明虽然物种数目在不同季节有所变化,但各物种之间的相对丰度分布较为稳定;尽管2022年8月这两个指数略低,可能与少数优势物种的增多使得群落均匀性下降有关,但总体变化不足以达到统计显著性[22]。
Mantel_test分析表明α多样性指数与NO3-N含量及EC、SAL、高程均存在显著正相关,说明这些环境因子可能在该研究区域为微生物群落提供了有利的生长条件,促进了物种丰富和分布[23]。其中,Chao1和Shannon指数与NO3-N含量和EC存在显著性,可能是氮源和离子浓度变化对物种数目及其多样性具有较直接的影响。文献[24]表明土壤微生物物种数目增加的原因是化感物质的添加为土壤微生物提供了碳源和氮源,促进了微生物生长繁殖。Observed指数不仅与NO3-N含量和EC相关,还受到SAL的影响,反映出盐度变化对部分群落物种出现的调控作用,文献[25]表明盐度能够影响氨氧化微生物的群落结构、丰度以及硝化速率;而Simpson指数与EC和高程的显著相关则可能揭示在电化学因素作用下,优势物种竞争的变化趋势。此外,TN和NH4-N含量与α多样性呈负相关,这表明在这些因子较高时,可能因营养失衡或局部富营养化效应而降低群落多样性[26]。整体而言,这些结果反映出环境化学因子对微生物群落结构的复杂调控作用,既有促进物种多样性的因素,也存在抑制多样性的风险。
4次采样中变形菌门占据了主导地位,丰度范围为31.5%~42.5%,其次是脱硫杆菌门(11.5%~14.7%)和拟杆菌门(8.4%~11.7%)。2022年8月的累积丰度最高(92%),其原因主要是蓝菌门和厚壁菌门相对丰度显著提高。文献[27]研究表明厚壁菌门在8月的面源污染池塘中的相对丰度稍大,文献[28]表明夏秋季蓝菌门相对丰度较高。2022年5月的累积丰度最低(83.8%),表明微生物群落的多样性较高,前10个菌门的丰度较为分散。4次采样群落结构差异可能与采样时间以及环境因素等相关,文献[29]表明不同季节细菌群落结果存在显著差异。主要优势菌属为Thiobacillus,Rhodoferax、Sulfuricurvum、Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17和Dechloromonas菌属,其中每次Thiobacillus菌属的相对丰度均最高。Thiobacillus菌属在许多环境中表现出相对丰度最高的现象[30],这主要归因于其独特的代谢优势和对极端环境的良好适应能力。Thiobacillus拥有高效的硫氧化代谢途径,能够利用环境中的硫化氢、硫化物等硫化合物作为能量来源,使其在富含这些化合物的环境中迅速繁殖,形成群落优势[31]。
NMDS分析结果显示,不同月份的群落组成存在显著差异,自2021年至2022年的4次采样数据显示,沉积物细菌总体β多样性指数从0.295上升到0.360,同时物种丰富度差异占比从17.97%增加到34.80%。这种变化可能是温度、营养盐、盐度等环境因子的时空波动导致各采样点生态位差异加大[32];同时,生态系统动态演替过程中,群落结构可能经历优势物种的替换,新物种逐步进入,从而增加了物种丰富度差异[33]。
NCM分析显示:自2021年8月到2022年8月,R2从0.484增大到0.638,细菌群落逐渐受到随机性过程的影响。受随机性过程影响,群落结构变得更加随机,群落的多样性和物种分布在逐渐趋向无序,生态过程的影响逐步减弱[34]。同时,Nm从2021年12月的226下降到2022年8月的152,出迁移率的减少,群落间的物种迁移变得较少,物种的分布趋向封闭[35]。在2022年8月,R2达到了最大值,而Nm最小,表明群落中性模型能够较好地拟合数据,解释了物种的分布和多样性[23]。尽管此时还存在一定程度的物种迁移,但迁移对群落结构的影响相对较小,群落之间可能较为独立,内部的变化主要由随机过程主导,群落物种分布的均匀度逐渐减小。
PER-SIMPER分析显示扩散控制模型和生态位与扩散控制模型的E值较低,表明扩散在群落构建中的作用较为突出。扩散过程可能通过水流和沉积物运动使得群落中的细菌物种在空间上发生扩散,从而导致群落在空间分布上的相似性和环境因素的相对弱化。此外,DNCI值为负值,进一步证实了群落构建的主要驱动力为随机过程,群落的演替和物种组成并未表现出明显的环境驱动,更多地受到遗传漂变和随机迁移的影响[36]。NCM、PER-SIMPER和DNCI的分析结果相互印证,表明沉积物细菌群落的形成过程更多依赖于随机过程,群落结构较为无序,易受外部随机事件或生态波动的影响。
共现网络分析显示:从2021年8月到2022年8月,网络拓扑呈现出一定的演化规律,节点之间的连接性逐渐增强。网络直径较小,连接较强,随后逐渐增大,平均度上升,节点联系更紧密,整体连通性增强。模块化系数变化显示网络社区结构动态调整,局部群体更加明显。图密度和聚类系数增加,局部结构更紧密,联系更稳定。细菌共现网络的拓扑结构受多种生态和环境因素的影响[37]。细菌群落在演化过程中经历了从核心紧密联系到整体扩展再到局部稳固化的过程,可能受到物种互作、SAL和EC等环境因子以及微生物适应策略的共同驱动[38]。
结构方程模型显示,沉积物中pH值、SAL、EC、TN含量、NO3-N含量、NH4-N含量、高程和TP含量这8个指标中主要影响细菌群落构建过程及共现网络稳定的因子为EC以及NH4-N和TP含量。沉积物中的EC和NH4-N含量通过影响微生物群落的结构,进而通过NMDS和Shannon指数等生态指标,最终间接影响R2。EC作为沉积物中溶解离子的浓度指标,影响着水体和沉积物的化学环境,改变了微生物的生长条件和群落结构[39];文献[40]表明NH4-N含量作为重要的氮源,直接参与沉积物中的氮循环过程,是三峡库区香溪河微生物群落的种类和丰度的主要因素。随着EC和NH4-N含量的变化,沉积物中的微生物群落组成发生变化,这种变化通过NMDS反映为样本之间的相似性改变,并通过Shannon指数影响群落多样性,最终导致中性模型的R2大小发生改变(群落随机性过程占比改变)。共现网络稳定性指数主要受到EC、Shannon指数和R2的直接影响,这些因素对网络的稳定性具有显著性作用。EC直接影响微生物群落的化学环境,从而改变物种间的相互作用模式,进而影响共现网络的稳定性[41]。Shannon指数反映了群落的多样性,物种多样性越高,生态系统的抗干扰能力越强,网络的稳定性也越高[42]。而R2代表了生态模型的拟合优度,较高的拟合度意味着物种间的相互作用模式较为稳定,从而提高了共现网络的稳定性[43]。其他因素对共现网络稳定性指数和R2的影响主要是间接的,这些因素通过改变NMDS、Shannon指数或其他中介变量,最终间接影响网络稳定性。这些间接效应展示了生态系统中因素相互作用和反馈的复杂性,表明环境变化不仅能直接影响生态稳定性,也能通过多重路径间接影响共现网络的稳定性。
(1)Chao1指数和Shannon指数与NO3-N含量和EC存在显著性;Observed指数与NO3-N含量、EC和SAL存在显著性;TN和NH4-N含量与α多样性指数均呈现负相关,而NO3-N含量、EC、SAL和高程与α多样性指数均呈现正相关。
(2)细菌群落主要以变形菌门、脱硫杆菌门为主,其中2022年8月份丰度前十菌门累积相对丰度最大(92%),而2022年5月最低(83.8%)。主要优势菌属分别为Thiobacillus、Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17和Dechloromonas,其中Thiobacillus菌属的相对丰度均最高;4次采样,细菌群落结构存在显著性差异,细菌总体的β多样性呈现上升趋势(0.295→0.360),同时物种丰富度差异占比也呈现上升趋势(17.97%→34.80%)。
(3)从2021年8月到2022年8月,NCM、PER-SIMPER和DNCI的结果表明,二排细菌群落构建过程受随机过程的影响逐渐增大;共现网络结构特征表明网络密度和节点连接性逐渐增强,局部结构紧密度上升,聚类系数明显提高,连通性保持强,孤立子群体逐渐减少。
(4)结构方程模型分析表明,所选pH值、SAL、EC、高程以及TN、NO3-N、NH4-N和TP含量这8个指标中,EC、NH4-N含量和TP含量是影响沉积物细菌群落构建过程及共现网络稳定性的主要指标。
  • 宁夏自然科学基金重点项目(2023AAC02026)
  • 宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(水利工程)项目(NXYLXK2021A03)
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2025年第56卷第12期
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doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.068
  • 接收时间:2025-04-14
  • 首发时间:2026-09-30
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-14
  • 修回日期:2025-06-10
基金
宁夏自然科学基金重点项目(2023AAC02026)
宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(水利工程)项目(NXYLXK2021A03)
作者信息
    1.宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,银川 750021
    2.宁夏大学生命科学学院,银川 750021

通讯作者:

邱小琮(1971—),男,教授,博士,主要从事水域生态学及水环境调控研究,E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/nyjxxb/CN/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.068
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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