Article(id=1312000151745553179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, issueId=1311999647825101743, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.039, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750176000000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-18, revisedDate=1752768000000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790734811959, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790734811959, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790734811959, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790734811959, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311999647825101743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, year='2025', volume='56', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='818', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790734691815, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790738411040, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312015247465083866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, issueId=1311999647825101743, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312015247465083867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, issueId=1311999647825101743, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=425, endPage=435, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1312000152198538012, articleId=1312000151745553179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, language=EN, title=Spatio-temporal Patterns and Influencing Factors of Coupling Coordination in Human-Land-Water Systems of Yellow River Basin, columnId=1311999800569066336, journalTitle=Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, columnName=Agricultural Informatization Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The human-land-water systems within a river basin are interconnected and exhibit mutually reinforcing relationships. Investigating their coupling coordination degree and influencing factors is crucial for achieving regional high-quality development and ecological civilization construction. Taking the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin as the study area, the entropy method and a comprehensive evaluation method were employed to measure the index levels of the human system, land system, and water system within the Yellow River Basin from 2013 to 2022. Building upon this foundation, the coupling coordination degree model and fixed effects (FE) model were utilized to analyze and evaluate the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics of the human-land-water systems coupling coordination degree and its influencing factors at both dual (human-land, human-water, land-water) and ternary (human-land-water) levels. The results indicated that from 2013 to 2022, the overall human-land-water systems in the nine provinces showed steady progress, although the development speeds of the subsystems varied, mostly exhibiting a fluctuating upward trend. Significant spatial disparities existed in the coupling coordination degree across the nine provinces during 2013—2022. By 2022, five provinces (Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong) reached an intermediate coordination level, while the other four provinces still had considerable room for development. The coupling coordination degrees of the dual systems (human-land, human-water, land-water) in all provinces also generally showed a year-by-year strengthening trend. Technological investment and rural governance investment positively influenced the coupling coordination degree. Industrial structure upgrading, the degree of openness, fixed asset investment, and government regulatory capacity exerted varying degrees of influence on the coupling coordination degree. In conclusion, against the backdrop of advancing the major national strategy for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, differentiated pathways for synergistic human-land-water development should be formulated for the upper, middle, and lower reaches. This would facilitate the rational coordination of multi-system development relationships within the basin and promote healthy and sustainable regional development in the future.

, authors=Xiaotong XIE1, Songhui CHEN1, Yingchao LI1, Weikang HE1, Xiaoshun LI2, authorsList=Xiaotong XIE, Songhui CHEN, Yingchao LI, Weikang HE, Xiaoshun LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yingchao LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1312000159303689023, articleId=1312000151745553179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, language=CN, title=黄河流域人-地-水系统耦合协调时空格局与影响因素, columnId=1311999800749421410, journalTitle=农业机械学报, columnName=农业信息化工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

黄河流域内人-地-水系统间是相互关联及协调促进的关系,探究其耦合协调度及影响因素对实现黄河流域高质量发展和生态文明建设具有重要意义。本文以黄河流域9省(自治区)为研究区,采用熵值法和综合评价法分别测算2013—2022年黄河流域人、地及水系统指数水平,在此基础上,基于二元及三元层面,运用耦合协调度模型和固定效应(FE)模型分析评价黄河流域人-地-水系统耦合协调度时空格局分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明:2013—2022年黄河流域各省人-地-水系统整体稳中有进,但各子系统发展速度各异,大多呈波动式上升趋势。2013—2022年黄河流域各省人-地-水系统耦合协调度空间分布差异明显,截至2022年,内蒙古、宁夏、山西、河南、山东已达到中级协调水平,其余4省仍有较大发展空间,而各省人-地、人-水、地-水二元系统也基本呈逐年增强趋势。科技投入与农村治理投入对于耦合协调度产生积极影响,产业结构升级、对外开放程度、固定资产投资与政府调控能力对耦合协调度产生不同程度作用。综合来看,在加快推进黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略背景下,应针对黄河流域上中下游地区制定差异化的人-地-水协同发展路径,合理协调黄河流域多系统发展关系,促进区域未来健康可持续发展。

, authors=谢晓彤1, 陈松慧1, 栗滢超1, 和伟康1, 李效顺2, authorsList=谢晓彤, 陈松慧, 栗滢超, 和伟康, 李效顺, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=栗滢超, authorNote=

谢晓彤(1991—),女,讲师,博士,主要从事流域生态健康与国土空间规划研究,E-mail:

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栗滢超(1979—),女,教授,博士生导师,主要从事土地利用与管理研究,E-mail:
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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of “production-living-ecological” functions in Henan Province, China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312000177578271680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000151745553179, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=53, issue=8, pageStart=258, pageEnd=267, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=62, authorNames=谢晓彤, 李效顺, journalName=农业机械学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢晓彤, 李效顺. 河南省国土空间开发与生态环境耦合关联时空格局研究[J]. 农业机械学报, 2022, 53(8): 258-267., articleTitle=河南省国土空间开发与生态环境耦合关联时空格局研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312000177645380545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000151745553179, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=53, issue=8, pageStart=258, pageEnd=267, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=63, authorNames=XIE Xiaotong, LI Xiaoshun, journalName=Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE Xiaotong, LI Xiaoshun. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Trade-off synergy relationships and regional regulation of multifunctional cultivated land in Henan Province, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312000178027062214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000151745553179, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=39, issue=2, pageStart=272, pageEnd=288, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=68, authorNames=张国俊, 王珏晗, 吴坤津, journalName=地理研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张国俊, 王珏晗, 吴坤津, 等. 中国三大城市群经济与环境协调度时空特征及影响因素[J]. 地理研究, 2020, 39(2): 272-288., articleTitle=中国三大城市群经济与环境协调度时空特征及影响因素, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312000178115142599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000151745553179, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=39, issue=2, pageStart=272, pageEnd=288, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=69, authorNames=ZHANG Guojun, WANG Juehan, WU Kunjin, journalName=Geographical Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Guojun, WANG Juehan, WU Kunjin, et al. 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1, caption=Temporal evolution trend of human, land and water systems in Yellow River Basin from 2013 to 2022, figureFileSmall=elVwv/AQlaf9NeikLOJRvA==, figureFileBig=Sjs77OEjeH/Si824ybYP/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312000164399768427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000151745553179, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2013—2022年黄河流域人、地、水系统时序演变趋势, figureFileSmall=elVwv/AQlaf9NeikLOJRvA==, figureFileBig=Sjs77OEjeH/Si824ybYP/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312000164827587436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000151745553179, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Spatial pattern characteristics of human, land and water systems in Yellow River Basin from 2013 to 2022, figureFileSmall=58P/Q2H7i7EriBZ2a6UeXA==, figureFileBig=6tRY2jQhd8zFHr+WsreWWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312000165116994413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000151745553179, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2013—2022年黄河流域人、地、水系统空间格局特征, figureFileSmall=58P/Q2H7i7EriBZ2a6UeXA==, figureFileBig=6tRY2jQhd8zFHr+WsreWWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312000165196686190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000151745553179, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Coupling coordination degree trend of human, land and water systems in Yellow River Basin from 2013 to 2022, figureFileSmall=/WR9BOzlZ3uptWkr4c0Jcg==, figureFileBig=oQb1xSCiYpjbc/s7rsXh0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312000165263795055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000151745553179, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2013—2022年黄河流域人、地、水系统耦合协调度演变趋势, figureFileSmall=/WR9BOzlZ3uptWkr4c0Jcg==, figureFileBig=oQb1xSCiYpjbc/s7rsXh0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312000165335098224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000151745553179, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Spatial distribution of coupling coordination degree of human-land-water systems in Yellow River Basin from 2013 to 2022, figureFileSmall=WpkOQ5d7IqyJ7KFAPlu95g==, figureFileBig=alTX8W5ZrrAkHDHYjFIXng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312000165586756465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000151745553179, language=CN, label=图4, caption=2013—2022年黄河流域人地水系统耦合协调度空间分布, figureFileSmall=WpkOQ5d7IqyJ7KFAPlu95g==, figureFileBig=alTX8W5ZrrAkHDHYjFIXng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312000167218340722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000151745553179, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Comprehensive evaluation index system of human-land-water in Yellow River Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标层要素层指标层指标来源及说明权重指标属性
人类社会系统人口基础A11总人口(万人)统计数据0.086正
A12城镇化率(%)统计数据0.081正
经济发展A21人均地区生产总值(元/人)地区生产总值/总人口0.118正
A22 GDP增长率(%)统计数据0.095正
A23二三产业产值占GDP比例(%)二三产业产值/国内生产总值0.075正
民生保障A31城乡居民人均可支配收入比(%)城镇居民可支配收入/农村居民可支配收入0.181逆
A32城镇登记失业率(%)统计数据0.084逆
A33每万人拥有医院床位数(张/万人)医院床位数/总人口0.102正
A34每万人在校大学生人数(人)在校大学生人数/总人口0.177正
土地系统资源承载B11有效灌溉面积(103 hm2)统计数据0.094正
B12人均耕地面积(hm2/人)耕地面积/总人口0.112正
B13人均土地资源面积(km2/人)土地总面积/总人口0.117正
B14人均公园绿地面积(hm2/人)公园绿地面积/总人口0.074正
利用效率B21单位面积建设用地产出(万元/km2)经济产出总量/建设用地总面积0.103正
B22单位面积农用地产出(万元/km2)农业总产值/农用地总面积0.113正
B23地均GDP(万元/km2)地区生产总值/土地总面积0.109正
污染治理B31地均农用化肥施用量(kg/hm2)农用化肥施用量/耕地面积0.184逆
B32一般工业固体废弃物处理率(%)统计数据0.093正
水资源系统资源承载C11年降水量(亿m3)统计数据0.083正
C12人均水资源量(m3/人)水资源总量/总人口0.109正
C13产水系数水资源总量/年降水量0.104正
利用效率C21总供水量(万m3)统计数据0.096正
C22人均用水量(m3/人)总用水量/总人口0.090逆
C23万元GDP用水量(m3/万元)总用水量/地区生产总值0.076逆
C24万元工业增加值用水量(m3/万元)工业用水总量/工业增加值0.103逆
污染治理C31城市污水处理率(%)城市污水处理量/城市污水排放总量0.069正
C32人均污水排放量(t/人)污水排放量/总人口0.124逆
C33工业废水排放总量(万t)统计数据0.148逆
), ArticleFig(id=1312000167323198324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000151745553179, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

黄河流域人-地-水系统综合评价指标体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标层要素层指标层指标来源及说明权重指标属性
人类社会系统人口基础A11总人口(万人)统计数据0.086正
A12城镇化率(%)统计数据0.081正
经济发展A21人均地区生产总值(元/人)地区生产总值/总人口0.118正
A22 GDP增长率(%)统计数据0.095正
A23二三产业产值占GDP比例(%)二三产业产值/国内生产总值0.075正
民生保障A31城乡居民人均可支配收入比(%)城镇居民可支配收入/农村居民可支配收入0.181逆
A32城镇登记失业率(%)统计数据0.084逆
A33每万人拥有医院床位数(张/万人)医院床位数/总人口0.102正
A34每万人在校大学生人数(人)在校大学生人数/总人口0.177正
土地系统资源承载B11有效灌溉面积(103 hm2)统计数据0.094正
B12人均耕地面积(hm2/人)耕地面积/总人口0.112正
B13人均土地资源面积(km2/人)土地总面积/总人口0.117正
B14人均公园绿地面积(hm2/人)公园绿地面积/总人口0.074正
利用效率B21单位面积建设用地产出(万元/km2)经济产出总量/建设用地总面积0.103正
B22单位面积农用地产出(万元/km2)农业总产值/农用地总面积0.113正
B23地均GDP(万元/km2)地区生产总值/土地总面积0.109正
污染治理B31地均农用化肥施用量(kg/hm2)农用化肥施用量/耕地面积0.184逆
B32一般工业固体废弃物处理率(%)统计数据0.093正
水资源系统资源承载C11年降水量(亿m3)统计数据0.083正
C12人均水资源量(m3/人)水资源总量/总人口0.109正
C13产水系数水资源总量/年降水量0.104正
利用效率C21总供水量(万m3)统计数据0.096正
C22人均用水量(m3/人)总用水量/总人口0.090逆
C23万元GDP用水量(m3/万元)总用水量/地区生产总值0.076逆
C24万元工业增加值用水量(m3/万元)工业用水总量/工业增加值0.103逆
污染治理C31城市污水处理率(%)城市污水处理量/城市污水排放总量0.069正
C32人均污水排放量(t/人)污水排放量/总人口0.124逆
C33工业废水排放总量(万t)统计数据0.148逆
), ArticleFig(id=1312000167402890101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000151745553179, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Classification of coupling coordination degree

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耦合协调度D(0,0.4](0.4,0.5](0.5,0.8](0.8,1.0)1
等级低级协调初级协调中级协调高度协调优质协调
), ArticleFig(id=1312000167641965430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000151745553179, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

耦合协调度等级划分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
耦合协调度D(0,0.4](0.4,0.5](0.5,0.8](0.8,1.0)1
等级低级协调初级协调中级协调高度协调优质协调
), ArticleFig(id=1312000167717462903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000151745553179, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Influencing factors of coupling coordination degree

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变量变量说明
被解释变量耦合协调度(D)耦合协调度模型计算结果
解释变量固定资产投资(inv)固定资产投资额
产业结构升级(ind)第三产业总值占GDP比重
政府调控能力(gov)财政一般预算支出占GDP比重
科技投入(tech)R&D经费支出占GDP比重
对外开放程度(open)实际利用外商直接投资额
农村治理(rural)农林水事务费用
), ArticleFig(id=1312000168044618616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000151745553179, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

耦合协调度影响因素

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量变量说明
被解释变量耦合协调度(D)耦合协调度模型计算结果
解释变量固定资产投资(inv)固定资产投资额
产业结构升级(ind)第三产业总值占GDP比重
政府调控能力(gov)财政一般预算支出占GDP比重
科技投入(tech)R&D经费支出占GDP比重
对外开放程度(open)实际利用外商直接投资额
农村治理(rural)农林水事务费用
), ArticleFig(id=1312000168149476217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000151745553179, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Regression results of FE model

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变量FE模型
Pt
inv-0.046 8***(0.014 9)
ind-0.000 610(0.001 28)
gov-0.005 71***(0.001 48)
tech0.128***(0.030 9)
open-0.012 8(0.008 03)
rural0.243***(0.030 9)
R20.839
样本量90
检验F(6,75)=65.12,P=0.000
), ArticleFig(id=1312000168212390778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1312000151745553179, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

FE模型回归结果

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变量FE模型
Pt
inv-0.046 8***(0.014 9)
ind-0.000 610(0.001 28)
gov-0.005 71***(0.001 48)
tech0.128***(0.030 9)
open-0.012 8(0.008 03)
rural0.243***(0.030 9)
R20.839
样本量90
检验F(6,75)=65.12,P=0.000
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黄河流域人-地-水系统耦合协调时空格局与影响因素
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谢晓彤 1 , 陈松慧 1 , 栗滢超 1 , 和伟康 1 , 李效顺 2
农业机械学报 | 农业信息化工程 2025,56(12): 425-435
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农业机械学报 |农业信息化工程 2025 , 56 (12) : 425 -435
黄河流域人-地-水系统耦合协调时空格局与影响因素
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谢晓彤1 , 陈松慧1, 栗滢超1 , 和伟康1, 李效顺2
作者信息
  • 1.河南农业大学资源与环境学院,郑州 450046
  • 2.中国矿业大学公共管理学院,徐州 221116
通讯作者:
栗滢超(1979—),女,教授,博士生导师,主要从事土地利用与管理研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

谢晓彤(1991—),女,讲师,博士,主要从事流域生态健康与国土空间规划研究,E-mail:

Spatio-temporal Patterns and Influencing Factors of Coupling Coordination in Human-Land-Water Systems of Yellow River Basin
Xiaotong XIE1 , Songhui CHEN1, Yingchao LI1 , Weikang HE1, Xiaoshun LI2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 2.School of Public Administration, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.039
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黄河流域内人-地-水系统间是相互关联及协调促进的关系,探究其耦合协调度及影响因素对实现黄河流域高质量发展和生态文明建设具有重要意义。本文以黄河流域9省(自治区)为研究区,采用熵值法和综合评价法分别测算2013—2022年黄河流域人、地及水系统指数水平,在此基础上,基于二元及三元层面,运用耦合协调度模型和固定效应(FE)模型分析评价黄河流域人-地-水系统耦合协调度时空格局分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明:2013—2022年黄河流域各省人-地-水系统整体稳中有进,但各子系统发展速度各异,大多呈波动式上升趋势。2013—2022年黄河流域各省人-地-水系统耦合协调度空间分布差异明显,截至2022年,内蒙古、宁夏、山西、河南、山东已达到中级协调水平,其余4省仍有较大发展空间,而各省人-地、人-水、地-水二元系统也基本呈逐年增强趋势。科技投入与农村治理投入对于耦合协调度产生积极影响,产业结构升级、对外开放程度、固定资产投资与政府调控能力对耦合协调度产生不同程度作用。综合来看,在加快推进黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略背景下,应针对黄河流域上中下游地区制定差异化的人-地-水协同发展路径,合理协调黄河流域多系统发展关系,促进区域未来健康可持续发展。

黄河流域  /  人-地-水系统  /  耦合协调度  /  影响因素  /  时空格局

The human-land-water systems within a river basin are interconnected and exhibit mutually reinforcing relationships. Investigating their coupling coordination degree and influencing factors is crucial for achieving regional high-quality development and ecological civilization construction. Taking the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin as the study area, the entropy method and a comprehensive evaluation method were employed to measure the index levels of the human system, land system, and water system within the Yellow River Basin from 2013 to 2022. Building upon this foundation, the coupling coordination degree model and fixed effects (FE) model were utilized to analyze and evaluate the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics of the human-land-water systems coupling coordination degree and its influencing factors at both dual (human-land, human-water, land-water) and ternary (human-land-water) levels. The results indicated that from 2013 to 2022, the overall human-land-water systems in the nine provinces showed steady progress, although the development speeds of the subsystems varied, mostly exhibiting a fluctuating upward trend. Significant spatial disparities existed in the coupling coordination degree across the nine provinces during 2013—2022. By 2022, five provinces (Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong) reached an intermediate coordination level, while the other four provinces still had considerable room for development. The coupling coordination degrees of the dual systems (human-land, human-water, land-water) in all provinces also generally showed a year-by-year strengthening trend. Technological investment and rural governance investment positively influenced the coupling coordination degree. Industrial structure upgrading, the degree of openness, fixed asset investment, and government regulatory capacity exerted varying degrees of influence on the coupling coordination degree. In conclusion, against the backdrop of advancing the major national strategy for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, differentiated pathways for synergistic human-land-water development should be formulated for the upper, middle, and lower reaches. This would facilitate the rational coordination of multi-system development relationships within the basin and promote healthy and sustainable regional development in the future.

Yellow River Basin  /  human-land-water systems  /  coupling coordination degree  /  influence factor  /  spatio-temporal pattern
谢晓彤, 陈松慧, 栗滢超, 和伟康, 李效顺. 黄河流域人-地-水系统耦合协调时空格局与影响因素. 农业机械学报, 2025 , 56 (12) : 425 -435 . DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.039
Xiaotong XIE, Songhui CHEN, Yingchao LI, Weikang HE, Xiaoshun LI. Spatio-temporal Patterns and Influencing Factors of Coupling Coordination in Human-Land-Water Systems of Yellow River Basin[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2025 , 56 (12) : 425 -435 . DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.039
改革开放以来,伴随着我国经济社会的快速增长,资源严重消耗、人地关系恶化、生态污染加剧,成为我国实现可持续健康发展的瓶颈[1]。流域作为具有生产、生活、生态、文化、调节等多项功能的复合型空间,须统筹协调流域资源开发利用与生态保护的关系。黄河流域作为中华民族发源地,是我国重要的生态屏障和经济带,也是历来受人为扰动最频繁,人地关系最为复杂的区域之一[2-3]。黄河流域承载着全国30%的人口和20%的GDP,但在不断发展的同时,也长期面临着“人-地-水-能-粮”多维矛盾交织的复杂局面。2019年,黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展作为国家重大战略被提出[4],由此黄河流域生态环境治理亦发生转变,开始从控制污染转向山水林田湖草沙系统综合治理,治理方式从条块分割转向协同共治,发展方式从粗放扩张转向绿色低碳。因此,在现实背景及政策导向支撑下,如何协调黄河流域人类社会系统、土地系统以及水资源系统(以下简称人-地-水系统)之间的协同关系,科学引导流域空间有序发展,成为实现黄河流域高质量发展的关键。
黄河流域人-地-水系统之间既相互作用又相互约束,一方面,通过合理开发水土资源,促使流域内各类要素合理配置,能够提升人们整体生活质量,有效引导人们生态环保与节水用水理念,使经济增长产生的资源消耗得到下降;另一方面,由于经济社会的快速发展致使人口逐渐增多且集聚性增强,而人口密度过于集中意味着资源环境承载能力减弱与生态环境破坏。目前,学者对黄河流域的相关研究主要涉及4个方面:①针对黄河流域生态系统服务研究,在黄河流域上、中、下游的局部地区有所涉及,主要基于不同的方法和视角对生态系统服务的物质量和价值量评估、生态系统服务的供需及权衡/协同作用关系进行定量分析和模拟[5-7]。②针对黄河流域生态保护与碳排放相关方面研究,由于黄河流域覆盖区域具有工业产业结构偏重、大气污染物和碳排放量大等特点,随着流域重点生态保护区建设以及城市群加速发展,黄河流域内产业集聚和结构趋同现象加剧。因此,部分学者关于黄河流域碳排放时空差异[8-9]、水土能碳交互关系[10]、碳减排路径[11]以及碳补偿分区[12]等方面研究逐渐增多。③针对黄河流域生态治理方面研究,文献[13-15]从大气污染治理、水污染治理、生态环境治理层面,探讨保障黄河流域生态健康发展的调整路径与治理策略。④针对黄河流域人-地-水关系的研究,相关学者多聚焦在二元耦合系统方面。例如,人地层面侧重于人地系统耦合与空间协调[16-18],人口集聚与土地生态韧性[19]等;人水协同发展层面,多采用灰色关联分析法、可变模糊集法、人水和谐度评估指标体系等开展人水和谐关系评价[20-22];而在水-地资源系统层面,多涉及水土资源承载力、配置、优化等方面研究[23-26],评价方法由过去单一、静态分析发展为综合、动态的评价模型。三元系统层面,部分学者开展了流域水-能-粮[27-28]以及生态-经济-社会[29]层面研究,而涉及人-地-水多因素系统视角研究相对欠缺。
综上所述,学者们在不同层面已对黄河流域开展大量研究,但相关研究多集中在流域生态系统服务与生态保护、流域视角人地关系以及生态修复等方面,并积累了大量经验,但尚未针对流域人-地-水如何协同配置与优化调控形成系统成熟的研究体系。近年来随着社会发展进入新阶段,人与水土资源协同发展成为关注重点,在此背景下,单一资源管理策略难以有效应对复杂资源短缺和生态环境问题。基于此,面向黄河流域高质量发展现实需求,本文以黄河流域省级单元为研究对象,选择经济快速发展的2013—2022年为研究时段,以人-地-水三元系统为视角,构建黄河流域人-地-水系统综合评价指标体系以测度人-地-水系统指数的演变趋势,借助耦合协调模型探究人-地-水之间二元以及三元系统的耦合协调时空分异特征,运用固定效应(FE)模型明晰主要因素对人-地-水系统耦合的影响差异性,以期为黄河流域未来高质量发展及流域空间规划管控政策制定提供借鉴。
黄河是中国的第二大河流,位于我国中西部地区,地势西高东低,流域面积7.95×105 km2。黄河流域流经青海、四川、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古、山西、陕西、河南、山东9省(自治区),在山东省东营市流入渤海。近年来,由于受到自然因素与人为因素的双重影响,黄河流域整体环境发生明显变化,流域内人口不均衡趋势加剧。黄河流域相比长江流域经济带,经济社会发展相对滞后,产业协同发展不足,经济可持续发展受到挑战。因此,亟需通过合理判断人-地-水系统间的交互耦合关系,优化黄河流域整体空间的开发利用。
选取2013—2022年黄河流域9省(自治区)数据,数据来源为2014—2023年《中国统计年鉴》、《中国环境统计年鉴》、黄河流域9省(自治区)统计年鉴、水资源公报及国民经济和社会发展统计公报。部分地区个别年份缺失数据以相邻年份数据为基础,通过移动平均、趋势外推等方法进行补充。
在经济社会快速发展背景下,协调好人类发展、土地开发与水资源利用间的关系,是实现黄河流域高质量发展的关键。人-地-水系统中,人地水分别表示人类社会系统、土地系统与水资源系统。人类社会系统表示人类发展综合情况,以往人系统分析多聚焦于人口城镇化发展层面,在高质量发展背景下,人类发展不再是单一的经济发展过程,而是要确保实现人类福祉、全面发展的综合过程;土地系统是人类生存与社会经济发展的空间载体,主要用区域土地资源的承载能力与利用效率水平表征;水资源系统表示区域水资源承载能力与利用水平,水资源系统稳定与否是流域内各城市健康发展的关键。以往关于流域方面研究多聚焦于人-地、人-水、地-水二元层面。因此,为推进多资源协同管理,本文从黄河流域人类社会系统、土地系统、水资源系统3个层面构建指标体系,以探究3个系统之间的动态关系及交互效应。参照文献[30-32],将评价指标体系分为3个层次,目标层、要素层和指标层,人、地、水3个子系统为目标层。根据科学性、系统性与可获取性原则,共选取28个指标,其中人类社会系统主要反映黄河流域人口经济发展与生活保障水平,从“人口基础、经济发展、民生保障”角度选取9个指标;土地系统主要反映土地资源开发现状、利用程度与治理能力,从“资源承载、利用效率、污染治理”角度选取9个指标;水资源系统主要反映流域内水资源资源禀赋情况与开发利用能力,从“资源承载、利用效率、污染治理”角度选取10个指标,如表1所示。
构建综合评价指标体系之后,为避免指标体系中不同量纲无法直接汇总的问题,采用无量纲方法对正向和负向指标数据进行标准化处理,计算式为
式中
      Xij——第i个评价指标在第j年标准化值
      xij——第i个评价指标在第j年指标值
      i——评价指标数      j——年份
考虑到指标间相互关联性,采用客观赋权法中的熵值法测算指标权重,通过计算指标信息熵,根据指标相对变化程度对系统整体影响决定指标权重。由于研究区域涉及多地域、跨年度的人、地、水系统指数测算,因此采用统一权重以分析长期变化趋势,计算式为
其中
式中
      ei——第i个评价指标信息熵
      hi——第i个评价指标信息效用值
      Wi——第i个评价指标权重
      n——研究单元数量
利用综合评价模型[33]分别计算黄河流域人系统、地系统与水系统评价指数值。计算式为
式中
      U1、U2、U3——人、地、水系统指数
      ai、bj、ck——人、地、水系统中指标i、j、k权重
      xi、yj、zk——指标i、j、k归一值
      a、b、c——人、地、水系统所含指标数量
耦合度是物理学概念,是某一系统中各模块间紧密程度的度量。研究人-地-水系统耦合度可定量反映两者或三者之间的交互作用与胁迫关系。参照文献[34],构建人-地-水系统耦合度模型,计算式为
式中
      C——二元系统、三元系统耦合度
式(8)表示2个系统之间耦合度,可测算人-地系统、人-水系统以及地-水系统之间耦合度;式(9)表示3个系统之间耦合度,可测算人-地-水系统之间耦合度。一般来说,耦合度C取值在[0,1]之间。
耦合度模型虽可以测度系统间交互作用,但无法反映具体的协调发展水平。因此,本文构建了黄河流域二元及三元系统耦合协调度模型,计算式为
其中
式中
      T——二元系统、三元系统协调度
      α、β、ω——人、地、水系统待定系数
      D——二元系统、三元系统耦合协调度
在流域高质量发展过程中,人、地、水3个系统同等重要。因此,在人-地、人-水、地-水二元系统耦合分析中,待定系数赋值为1/2;人-地-水三元系统耦合分析中,待定系数赋值为1/3。耦合协调度D取值在[0,1]之间。
为明确人-地-水系统的耦合协调程度,借鉴现有研究成果[35-36],将耦合协调度划分为5个水平,如表2所示。
为探究影响人-地-水系统耦合协调度发展的主要因素,借助Stata软件,采用静态面板模型最小二乘法(OLS)、面板固定效应(FE)、随机效应(RE)模型分别对面板数据进行分析。参照文献[32,37],以黄河流域各省耦合协调度作为因变量,从固定资产投资(inv)、产业结构升级(ind)、政府调控能力(gov)、科技投入(tech)、对外开放程度(open)、农村治理(rural)6个方面分别选取固定资产投资总额、第三产业产值占GDP比重、财政一般预算支出占GDP比重、R&D经费支出占GDP比重、实际利用外商直接投资额、农林水事务费用6个指标作为自变量(表3)。
通过比较OLS模型和FE模型R2,并运用Hausman检验对比FE模型和RE模型,综合比较,最终选择FE模型测算黄河流域人-地-水系统耦合协调度发展的影响因素。
基于熵值法和综合评价模型,计算2013—2022年黄河流域9省(自治区)人-地-水系统综合指数及单因素指数值,并分析其时空演变规律,如图1、2所示。
如图1所示,黄河流域9省(自治区)人-地-水系统综合指数呈现总体上升趋势,整体发展态势良好,各子系统协同效应增强,反映出流域内3个子系统发展水平及其协同程度在10年间得到系统性提升。具体来看,青海、宁夏、河南的人-地-水系统综合指数均在2019年有所回落,但随后恢复上升;内蒙古在2020—2021年间人-地-水系统综合指数大幅提升,其余5省则呈波动式上升趋势。
进一步分析各子系统单因素评价值发现,不同子系统发展趋势具有明显的地域性和政策性特征。在人系统层面,青海、四川、宁夏、陕西的发展指数增幅较大,至2020年四川、宁夏、陕西受到GDP增长率大幅降低的影响,人系统发展停滞甚至出现回落;甘肃与河南人系统发展稳中向好,而山西省2013—2022年间人系统发展指数波动幅度较大,尤其在2015年出现严重下滑,这与该地区煤炭产能过剩、煤价持续下跌,经济发展压力倍增有关。在地系统层面,甘肃、内蒙古、河南地系统指数变化幅度较明显,多由于当地刚性约束与经济开发需求协同作用的结果,而其他省份地系统指数整体稳中有序,部分地区波动明显。在水系统层面,受自然与政策因素双重影响,上游青海和甘肃在2020年后出现明显下降,主要与当地水资源总量减少相关;中游陕西、山西与河南2021年后开始下降,需要考虑下降与经济持续发展、用水保障不足导致的供需矛盾的关系;山东省2019年后水系统指数持续上升,原因在于省内严格水资源管理制度与高耗水产业的优化。
选取2013年、2018年、2022年黄河流域9省(自治区)人、地、水系统发展指数进行空间格局演进对比,如图2所示。从空间格局来看,人、地、水系统在各省之间发展差距明显不均衡,空间差异较大。人系统方面,9省(自治区)均有较大程度发展,尤其青海、宁夏增长幅度最大,而空间格局随时间演进有所变化,高值区由甘肃、山西、河南转移为宁夏、内蒙古、陕西。地系统方面,空间格局差异较大,呈波动式变化,但整体处于上升趋势;至2022年,除内蒙古、河南外,其余省份地系统发展指数较低。水系统方面,空间分异格局除2018年外,其余年份差异明显,至2022年,除山东省水系统发展指数有较大增长外,其余省份差距较小,青海、四川、甘肃甚至在2022出现回落。
运用耦合协调度模型测算黄河流域9省(自治区)人-地、人-水、地-水耦合协调度,具体如图3所示。
分析人-地系统耦合协调度发现,黄河流域9省(自治区)人-地系统协调度总体呈上升趋势,但增速差异明显。具体来看,青海省整体增幅较大,主要与近年来省内产业绿色转型与空间布局优化相关;四川与甘肃表现出相对平稳的增长态势,稍有波动,但仍保持良性的增长幅度。宁夏回族自治区增速最快,特别是2019年之后快速增长,这与其作为国家首个空间规划的试点相关,为区域内人地系统的协调优化提供了大量助力;内蒙古自治区前期保持缓慢的波动式增长,2020—2022年增幅明显,可能受益于其同期推动的沙化土地治理工程。陕西和山西在2016年之后增速明显,稍有波动但不影响总体增长态势,其作为资源依赖性较强的省份,通过实施一系列生态修复和生态治理工程,对改善人地关系成效明显;河南与山东增长相对平稳,2省作为明显的人口聚集区,人地关系的改善仍有较大提升空间。
分析人-水系统耦合协调度发现,青海省人-水系统在2013—2018年耦合协调度快速提升,且发展平稳,体现了其作为上游水源涵养区,在水源保护等方面的持续投入效果;四川省2015年后增幅显著,并保持较高水平的波动式上升趋势;甘肃和山西2013—2015年短暂下降后快速回升,V形波动反映了在水资源刚性约束下,作为资源型或干旱区的省份在转型初期会面临一系列问题,而后续通过严格的水资源管理制度、节水技术措施等能够取得积极的效果;内蒙古和陕西前期整体增长缓慢,但后续增速提升,而河南与山东持续保持增长态势。
分析地-水系统耦合协调度发现,地-水协调度变化与区域土地利用方式及水资源条件相匹配。具体来看,青海省呈现先高后稳的特征,2013—2018年协调度在3个二元系统中最高,2018年后保持在0.45左右的平台期;宁夏与内蒙古后期增长显著,很大程度上得益于高效节水灌溉工程的大力发展,提升了土地的产出效率;四川与山西地-水协调度波动较大,可能与当地复杂的地形地貌以及地质灾害对土地和水资源基础设施的破坏有关。山东省在经历了2013—2015年下降后逐步回升并稳定增长,体现出其后期在土地与水资源政策方面的成效。
如图3所示,黄河流域9省(自治区)人-地-水系统耦合协调度在2013—2022年逐渐从低级协调阶段进入初级协调阶段甚至中级协调阶段。时序上来看:①2013—2015年,黄河流域各省人-地-水系统耦合协调度普遍较低,大部分处于低级协调阶段。人、地、水三者之间的协调发展尚处于初步探索阶段,各系统之间的相互适配和协同程度不高。至2015年,多数省份有小幅度增长。②2016—2018年,各省协调度增长较为明显,2017年四川、甘肃、陕西、河南已进入初级协调阶段,至2018年,青海、宁夏、山西亦进入初级协调阶段。这反映出在此期间,黄河流域各省开始重视对人口、土地、水资源协同发展的投入,并采取一系列措施,如生态保护工程、水资源合理调配政策、土地利用优化政策等。③2019—2022年各省耦合协调度持续提升,至2019年,除内蒙古外,其余省份均达到初级协调,至2022年,内蒙古、宁夏、山西、河南、山东已达到中级协调。说明在《黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略》提出后,各省政策力度持续加大,协调度发展态势良好。
依照表2耦合协调度等级划分标准,选取2013年、2018年与2022年黄河流域9省(自治区)人-地-水系统耦合协调度空间变化格局进行分析,结果如图4所示。分年份分析发现,2013年所有地区均处于低级协调阶段,生态环境脆弱且资源分布不均,粗放式的经济发展给生态环境带来巨大压力,人、地、水系统矛盾突出,各系统间协同性差。2018年,青海、四川、甘肃、宁夏、山西以及河南进入初级协调阶段,小部分省份仍处在低级协调阶段,呈现出西南高东北低的梯度格局,其中初级协调地区在中部逐渐向西南部延伸,人、地、水系统矛盾有所改善。2022年,黄河流域9省(自治区)均处在初级协调之上,其中东北地区的省份变化明显,由低级协调转变为中级协调,西南部的初级协调省份相比2018年大部分仍保持不变,说明在国家提出高质量发展政策后,各省积极采取有效措施,如加强生态修复、优化产业布局、提高水资源利用效率等,以保障人-地-水系统间的协调关系。
运用Stata软件,第1轮筛选通过比较OLS模型和FE模型R2,结果显示FE模型R2大于OLS模型,因此选择FE模型。第2轮筛选运用Hausman检验对比FE模型和RE模型,p值小于0.05表示FE模型更优,因此最终选择FE模型测算人-地-水系统耦合协调度影响因素,结果如表4所示。
由表4可知,固定资产投资、政府调控能力回归系数为负,说明固定资产投资总额和财政一般预算支出的增长会对耦合协调度的提升产生显著负向影响关系,不利于耦合协调度的提升。黄河流域9省(自治区)传统产业比重较大,因此,固定资产投资主要集中在传统产业,高耗水高占地会加大资源消耗和能源压力,而在政府调控能力方面,选取指标为财政一般预算支出占GDP比重,其可能与人-地-水系统协调相关领域资金支出较少有关,因此无法有效改善人-地-水系统关系。产业结构升级和对外开放程度不显著,因此不影响耦合协调度的提升。科技投入、农村治理投入回归系数为正,说明科技投入和农村治理投入的增加会对人-地-水系统耦合协调度的提升产生显著的正向影响。科技投入的增加有利于促进资源节约和环境保护技术的研发,同时可以促进产业结构升级,通过发展新兴产业,推动产业高端化、绿色化转型,提升当地企业生产资源利用效率,改进生产过程中产生的能源消耗和污染物的排放,实现黄河流域人-地-水系统的协调发展。农村治理投入增加,有利于改善生态环境,提升水土资源利用效率,推动农村产业结构调整升级,减轻传统农业对生态环境的压力,实现经济与自然资源良性发展,提升人-地-水系统耦合度。
人-地-水系统的耦合协调水平是衡量区域协调可持续发展的关键,黄河流域与其他区域相比,其人-地-水系统的耦合协调水平既表现了一般性特征,又与自身资源禀赋、地域特征、经济条件相吻合,形成具有特色的自身性特点。通过剖析黄河流域人-地-水系统指数的时序演变规律、两者以及三者间耦合协调度的时空分异特征及影响因素,能够为黄河流域制定合理的区域规划政策提供政策依据。根据研究结果看出,黄河流域人-地-水系统耦合协调度的变化趋势存在二元与三元系统的模式,一种是人-地、人-水、地-水的二元系统耦合协调度均有明显提升,主要处于初级耦合甚至中级耦合水平,说明黄河流域内人地、人水以及地水之间的协调程度良好;另一种是由于黄河流域空间格局与历史发展的特殊性,显著的梯度差异和空间分异格局,使人-地-水三元系统之间的耦合协调度大部分仍处于初级协调阶段,随着经济发展水平提升以及高质量发展理念的驱动,未来仍有较大的发展空间。2种模式能够为黄河流域开发利用与区域可持续发展提供不同层面的参考。
在分析影响因素层面,仅针对黄河流域整体人-地-水系统耦合协调度影响因素进行了研究,分地区或者分流域层级视角的探索尚未明确,未来可进一步以黄河流域上游、中游与下游省份为视角,探究黄河流域不同区域、不同自然与社会条件下,人-地-水系统耦合协调影响因素的作用关系及具体作用机制。同时,单一尺度分析可能不足以揭示黄河流域人-地-水系统间的真实交互关系,更为精细的小尺度以及多尺度研究仍有必要。
(1)2013—2022年黄河流域9省(自治区)人-地-水系统综合发展指数整体稳中有进,呈上升趋势,但各系统间增幅不一,人系统增幅较为稳定,所有省份均有较明显提升;地系统综合发展指数各省份差异明显;东部各省水系统综合发展指数整体高于西部各省,尤其山东省位于黄河流域下游和入海口,水资源系统综合发展指数明显高于其他省。空间上看,人-地-水系统在各省份之间空间不均衡性明显,存在梯度差异。
(2)2013—2022年黄河流域9省(自治区)人-地-水系统的耦合协调度仍有较大发展空间,截止2022年,耦合协调度最优仅达到中级协调水平,且集中在东部省份,西部省份仅达到初级协调水平。人-地、人-水、地-水3个二元系统耦合协调度均有明显提升,且呈整体上升趋势,多维持在初级耦合甚至中级耦合水平,但部分省份波动较大。
(3)影响黄河流域人-地-水系统协调发展的主要因素是固定资产投资、政府调控能力、科技投入和农村治理投入。就2013—2022年来看,固定资产投资和政府调控能力具有显著的负向作用,不利于人-地-水系统协调发展,而科技投入和农村治理投入具有显著正向作用,一定程度上能够促进人系统、地系统与水系统之间的协调关系,从而实现黄河流域人地水协同融合。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(42371314; 42371271)
  • 河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)项目(242102320228)
  • 河南省高校人文社会科学研究一般项目(2026-ZZJH-030)
  • 河南省软科学项目(252400410078)
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2025年第56卷第12期
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doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.039
  • 接收时间:2025-06-18
  • 首发时间:2026-09-30
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-18
  • 修回日期:2025-07-18
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42371314; 42371271)
河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)项目(242102320228)
河南省高校人文社会科学研究一般项目(2026-ZZJH-030)
河南省软科学项目(252400410078)
作者信息
    1.河南农业大学资源与环境学院,郑州 450046
    2.中国矿业大学公共管理学院,徐州 221116

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栗滢超(1979—),女,教授,博士生导师,主要从事土地利用与管理研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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