Article(id=1311999930416332855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, issueId=1311999647825101743, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.036, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724256000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-22, revisedDate=1727193600000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790734759190, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790734759190, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790734759190, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790734759190, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311999647825101743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, year='2025', volume='56', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='818', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790734691815, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790738411040, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312015247465083866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, issueId=1311999647825101743, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312015247465083867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, issueId=1311999647825101743, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=397, endPage=406, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311999930642825272, articleId=1311999930416332855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, language=EN, title=Design and Experiment of Integrated Machine for Cotton Stalk Crushing and Residual Film Recycling and Baling, columnId=1311999707161919908, journalTitle=Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, columnName=Agricultural Equipment and Mechanization Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In recent years, film mulching technology has been widely used in agriculture. After cotton harvest, large amounts of residual film need to be recycled, simultaneously, cotton stalks crushing needs to be carried out, in Xinjiang, China. The existing integrated machine for straw crushing and residual film recycling in China can be mainly divided into drum-type and chain teeth type. Considering the current drum-type integrated machine, which has a low residual film recovery rate, and high impurity content in the residual film, the rubbing-type residual film baling mechanism was prone to throw out the residual film and was easy to deform the baling belt and other problems, an integrated machine for straw crushing and residual film recycling and baling was developed. Through principle analysis and calculation, the key parameters of the hammer blade straw crushing mechanism and the screw conveying mechanism were determined; the residual film picking mechanism and the wheel drive mechanism were improved, and the dimensions and rotation speed of the film pick-up drum, the transmission ratio between the wheel and the film pick-up drum, the dimensions of the film pick-up teeth and the space between adjacent film pick-up teeth were determined; through theoretical analysis, the structural parameters and operating parameters of the screw impurity removal mechanism and the film removal mechanism were determined; by analyzing the process of residual film baling, the parameters such as the angle between the baling belt and the horizontal plane, the linear speed of the baling belt, and the number and space of the support rollers were determined. The field test demonstrated that the optimal operating parameters of the machine were as follows: the machine's advancing velocity was 10 km/h, the depth of the film-picking teeth was 25 mm, and the height of the stubble was 10 cm. Validation test results demonstrated that under the aforementioned optimal operating parameters, the film pickup rate was 89.78%, the soil content was 11.15%, and the pass rate of crushed straw was 94.79%.

, authors=Mingwei SHI1, Minggang WANG1, Wei WANG2, Zhiguo LI1, Lei WANG2, Haijuan ZHANG3, authorsList=Mingwei SHI, Minggang WANG, Wei WANG, Zhiguo LI, Lei WANG, Haijuan ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhiguo LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311999936808452205, articleId=1311999930416332855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, language=CN, title=棉秆粉碎与残膜回收打包一体机设计与试验, columnId=1311999707321303462, journalTitle=农业机械学报, columnName=农业装备与机械化工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对现有滚筒式棉秆粉碎与残膜回收联合作业机残膜回收率低、残膜含杂率高及揉搓式残膜打包机构容易丢膜且打包带容易变形等问题,设计了棉秆粉碎与残膜回收打包一体机。通过原理分析与计算确定了锤片式秸秆粉碎机构与螺旋输送机构的关键参数;改进了残膜捡拾机构与地轮驱动机构,确定了拾膜滚筒的尺寸及临界转速、地轮与拾膜滚筒之间的传动比、捡膜齿尺寸与捡膜齿间距等参数;通过理论分析,确定了螺旋排杂机构与脱膜机构的结构参数及工作参数;通过分析残膜打包过程,确定了打包带与水平面之间的夹角、打包带线速度以及支撑辊数量与间距等参数。田间试验表明,机具前进速度为10 km/h、捡膜齿深度为25 mm、留茬高度为10 cm时,作业效果最佳,验证试验表明,在上述最佳工作参数下,机具的残膜回收率为89.78%,残膜含杂率为11.15%,粉秆合格率为94.79%,各项性能指标均满足设计要求。

, authors=史明伟1, 王明刚1, 王伟2, 李智国1, 王雷2, 张海娟3, authorsList=史明伟, 王明刚, 王伟, 李智国, 王雷, 张海娟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李智国, authorNote=

史明伟(2000—),男,硕士生,主要从事残膜回收机研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
李智国(1984—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事小型实用农机研发与改良研究,E-mail:
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史明伟(2000—),男,硕士生,主要从事残膜回收机研究,E-mail:

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史明伟(2000—),男,硕士生,主要从事残膜回收机研究,E-mail:

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Optimization of working parameters of cleaning system for master-slave residual plastic film recovery machine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311999949211009240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=53, issue=4, pageStart=89, pageEnd=98, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=28, authorNames=靳伟, 张学军, 丁幼春, journalName=农业机械学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=靳伟, 张学军, 丁幼春, 等. 基于EDEM-Fluent的残膜与杂质悬浮分离仿真与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2022, 53(4): 89-98., articleTitle=基于EDEM-Fluent的残膜与杂质悬浮分离仿真与试验, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311999949273923801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=53, issue=4, pageStart=89, pageEnd=98, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=29, authorNames=JIN Wei, ZHANG Xuejun, DING Youchun, journalName=Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIN Wei, ZHANG Xuejun, DING Youchun, et al. Experiment on suspension separation of residual film and impurity based on EDEM-Fluent coupling[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2022, 53(4): 89-98. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Experiment on suspension separation of residual film and impurity based on EDEM-Fluent coupling, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311999949332644058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=56, issue=7, pageStart=424, pageEnd=433, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=30, authorNames=李涛, 张海春, 王小瑜, journalName=农业机械学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李涛, 张海春, 王小瑜, 等. 自走式棉秆打捆残膜打包联合作业机设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2025, 56(7): 424-433., articleTitle=自走式棉秆打捆残膜打包联合作业机设计与试验, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311999949387170011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=56, issue=7, pageStart=424, pageEnd=433, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=31, authorNames=LI Tao, ZHANG Haichun, WANG Xiaoyu, journalName=Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Tao, ZHANG Haichun, WANG Xiaoyu, et al. Development of self-propelled combined operationmachine for cotton stalk baling and residual film packing[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2025, 56(7): 424-433. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Development of self-propelled combined operationmachine for cotton stalk baling and residual film packing, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1311999945289334971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, awardId=2022-JSCY-05, language=CN, fundingSource=杨凌示范区种子孵化项目(2022-JSCY-05), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311999937034944622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311999937043333231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, companyId=1311999937034944622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311999937051721840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, companyId=1311999937034944622, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,陕西杨凌 712100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311999938674917489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311999938683306098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, companyId=1311999938674917489, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Xi'an Yuhengheyue Agricultural Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311999938691694707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, companyId=1311999938674917489, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.西安宇恒禾悦农业机械设备有限公司,西安 710065)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311999938779775092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311999938792358005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, companyId=1311999938779775092, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Xi'an Agricultural Machinery Supervision and Extension General Station, Xi'an 710065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311999938800746614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, companyId=1311999938779775092, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.西安市农机监理与推广总站,西安 710065)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311999941338300575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Structure diagram of whole machine, figureFileSmall=XgJ6a14QiXpuQKobzYvpNw==, figureFileBig=msQ/JHjMmVM+UA3OC1oxQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311999941430575264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, language=CN, label=图1, caption=整机结构图

1. 整机动力输入轴 2. 牵引机构 3. 下拉杆 4. 前变速箱 5. 棉秆粉碎还田装置 6. 螺旋排杂机构 7. 残膜捡拾机构 8. 捡膜齿 9. 地轮 10. 打包带 11. 下液压杆 12. 行走轮 13. 残膜打包机构 14. 上液压杆 15. 打包仓 16. 脱膜机构 17. 后变速箱 18. 上拉杆

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1. 防缠护板 2. 拾膜滚筒 3. 捡膜齿组件 4. 轴承座 5. 滚筒中心轴 6. 圆槽轨道

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1. 捡膜齿轴 2. 捡膜齿 3. 齿座 4. 螺纹紧固件 5. 摇臂 6. 定向轮

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1. 捡膜齿末端点相对运动轨迹 2. 捡膜齿轴中心点相对运动轨迹 3. 定向轮中心点相对运动轨迹

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1. 主动链轮 2. 链条 3. 张紧杆 4. 张紧架 5. 张紧轮 6. 惰轮 7. 拾膜滚筒 8. 从动链轮 9. 地轮 10. 挡板 11. 螺母 12. 弹簧 13. 夹板 14. U形板

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1. 螺旋输送机构外壳 2. 螺旋叶片 3. 杂质 4. 残膜 5. 拾膜滚筒 6. 打包带 7. 脱膜叶片 8. 护罩 9. 脱膜辊

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1. 打包带 2. 下主动轴 3. 上液压杆 4. 下从动轴 5. 上从动轴 6. 上主动轴 7. 支撑辊 8. 链传动系统 9. 调节拉板 10. 侧板

, figureFileSmall=O9F4UEFIXB69x9QTfgFbmw==, figureFileBig=bO5RjWPyvSAowTsXVfd1Vw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311999944354005167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Field experiment, figureFileSmall=B5UxU354Qq/6iWCdk+ZcMA==, figureFileBig=GRjM+GkLSPoBUs6kU5B4yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311999944429502640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, language=CN, label=图9, caption=田间试验, figureFileSmall=B5UxU354Qq/6iWCdk+ZcMA==, figureFileBig=GRjM+GkLSPoBUs6kU5B4yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311999944496611505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Main technical parameters of machine

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参数数值
整机尺寸(长×宽×高)/(mm×mm×mm)5 500×3 040×1 900
作业幅宽/mm2 000
配套功率/kW88.2~132.3
作业速度/(km·h-1)8~12
结构质量/kg4 000
), ArticleFig(id=1311999944567914674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

机具主要技术参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
整机尺寸(长×宽×高)/(mm×mm×mm)5 500×3 040×1 900
作业幅宽/mm2 000
配套功率/kW88.2~132.3
作业速度/(km·h-1)8~12
结构质量/kg4 000
), ArticleFig(id=1311999944626634931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Experimental factors and levels

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水平试验因素
机具前进速度/(m·s-1)捡膜齿深度/mm留茬高度/cm
18156
210258
3123510
), ArticleFig(id=1311999944693743796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试验因素水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平试验因素
机具前进速度/(m·s-1)捡膜齿深度/mm留茬高度/cm
18156
210258
3123510
), ArticleFig(id=1311999944769241269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Experimental plan and results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号试验因素残膜回收率/%残膜含杂率/%粉秆合格率/%
ABC
111185.8513.8892.49
212289.1210.1295.53
313387.8112.0497.15
421285.1714.2993.01
522390.1310.3595.24
623188.4612.1791.12
731387.3116.0393.98
832190.5411.2090.26
933288.2313.2192.05
Xk1187.59386.11088.283
k1287.92089.93087.507
k1388.69388.16788.417
R11.13.820.91
Yk2112.01314.73312.417
k2212.27010.55712.540
k2313.48012.47312.807
R21.4674.1760.39
Zk3195.05793.16091.290
k3293.12393.67793.530
k3392.09793.44095.457
R32.960.5174.167
), ArticleFig(id=1311999944853127350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

试验方案与结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号试验因素残膜回收率/%残膜含杂率/%粉秆合格率/%
ABC
111185.8513.8892.49
212289.1210.1295.53
313387.8112.0497.15
421285.1714.2993.01
522390.1310.3595.24
623188.4612.1791.12
731387.3116.0393.98
832190.5411.2090.26
933288.2313.2192.05
Xk1187.59386.11088.283
k1287.92089.93087.507
k1388.69388.16788.417
R11.13.820.91
Yk2112.01314.73312.417
k2212.27010.55712.540
k2313.48012.47312.807
R21.4674.1760.39
Zk3195.05793.16091.290
k3293.12393.67793.530
k3392.09793.44095.457
R32.960.5174.167
), ArticleFig(id=1311999944928624823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Analysis of variance

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性能指标方差来源平方和自由度均方FP
残膜回收率A1.91520.9576.1210.140
B21.932210.96670.1090.014
C1.44920.7254.6320.178
e0.31320.156
总和25.6088
残膜含杂率A3.68121.84123.5530.041
B26.226213.113167.8030.006
C0.23820.1191.5260.396
e0.15620.078
总和30.3028
粉秆合格率A13.55326.777103.7080.010
B0.40120.2013.0710.246
C26.091213.045199.6400.005
e0.13120.065
总和40.1768
), ArticleFig(id=1311999945020899512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能指标方差来源平方和自由度均方FP
残膜回收率A1.91520.9576.1210.140
B21.932210.96670.1090.014
C1.44920.7254.6320.178
e0.31320.156
总和25.6088
残膜含杂率A3.68121.84123.5530.041
B26.226213.113167.8030.006
C0.23820.1191.5260.396
e0.15620.078
总和30.3028
粉秆合格率A13.55326.777103.7080.010
B0.40120.2013.0710.246
C26.091213.045199.6400.005
e0.13120.065
总和40.1768
), ArticleFig(id=1311999945104785593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Validation test results

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试验编号残膜回收率残膜含杂率粉秆合格率
189.3411.3194.62
289.8610.6594.50
390.1311.4995.24
平均值89.7811.1594.79
), ArticleFig(id=1311999945188671674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385739772133495, articleId=1311999930416332855, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

验证试验结果

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试验编号残膜回收率残膜含杂率粉秆合格率
189.3411.3194.62
289.8610.6594.50
390.1311.4995.24
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棉秆粉碎与残膜回收打包一体机设计与试验
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史明伟 1 , 王明刚 1 , 王伟 2 , 李智国 1 , 王雷 2 , 张海娟 3
农业机械学报 | 农业装备与机械化工程 2025,56(12): 397-406
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农业机械学报 |农业装备与机械化工程 2025 , 56 (12) : 397 -406
棉秆粉碎与残膜回收打包一体机设计与试验
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史明伟1 , 王明刚1, 王伟2, 李智国1 , 王雷2, 张海娟3
作者信息
  • 1.西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,陕西杨凌 712100
  • 2.西安宇恒禾悦农业机械设备有限公司,西安 710065
  • 3.西安市农机监理与推广总站,西安 710065
通讯作者:
李智国(1984—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事小型实用农机研发与改良研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

史明伟(2000—),男,硕士生,主要从事残膜回收机研究,E-mail:

Design and Experiment of Integrated Machine for Cotton Stalk Crushing and Residual Film Recycling and Baling
Mingwei SHI1 , Minggang WANG1, Wei WANG2, Zhiguo LI1 , Lei WANG2, Haijuan ZHANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
  • 2.Xi'an Yuhengheyue Agricultural Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710065, China
  • 3.Xi'an Agricultural Machinery Supervision and Extension General Station, Xi'an 710065, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.036
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针对现有滚筒式棉秆粉碎与残膜回收联合作业机残膜回收率低、残膜含杂率高及揉搓式残膜打包机构容易丢膜且打包带容易变形等问题,设计了棉秆粉碎与残膜回收打包一体机。通过原理分析与计算确定了锤片式秸秆粉碎机构与螺旋输送机构的关键参数;改进了残膜捡拾机构与地轮驱动机构,确定了拾膜滚筒的尺寸及临界转速、地轮与拾膜滚筒之间的传动比、捡膜齿尺寸与捡膜齿间距等参数;通过理论分析,确定了螺旋排杂机构与脱膜机构的结构参数及工作参数;通过分析残膜打包过程,确定了打包带与水平面之间的夹角、打包带线速度以及支撑辊数量与间距等参数。田间试验表明,机具前进速度为10 km/h、捡膜齿深度为25 mm、留茬高度为10 cm时,作业效果最佳,验证试验表明,在上述最佳工作参数下,机具的残膜回收率为89.78%,残膜含杂率为11.15%,粉秆合格率为94.79%,各项性能指标均满足设计要求。

塑料地膜  /  棉秆粉碎  /  残膜回收  /  残膜打包  /  优化设计

In recent years, film mulching technology has been widely used in agriculture. After cotton harvest, large amounts of residual film need to be recycled, simultaneously, cotton stalks crushing needs to be carried out, in Xinjiang, China. The existing integrated machine for straw crushing and residual film recycling in China can be mainly divided into drum-type and chain teeth type. Considering the current drum-type integrated machine, which has a low residual film recovery rate, and high impurity content in the residual film, the rubbing-type residual film baling mechanism was prone to throw out the residual film and was easy to deform the baling belt and other problems, an integrated machine for straw crushing and residual film recycling and baling was developed. Through principle analysis and calculation, the key parameters of the hammer blade straw crushing mechanism and the screw conveying mechanism were determined; the residual film picking mechanism and the wheel drive mechanism were improved, and the dimensions and rotation speed of the film pick-up drum, the transmission ratio between the wheel and the film pick-up drum, the dimensions of the film pick-up teeth and the space between adjacent film pick-up teeth were determined; through theoretical analysis, the structural parameters and operating parameters of the screw impurity removal mechanism and the film removal mechanism were determined; by analyzing the process of residual film baling, the parameters such as the angle between the baling belt and the horizontal plane, the linear speed of the baling belt, and the number and space of the support rollers were determined. The field test demonstrated that the optimal operating parameters of the machine were as follows: the machine's advancing velocity was 10 km/h, the depth of the film-picking teeth was 25 mm, and the height of the stubble was 10 cm. Validation test results demonstrated that under the aforementioned optimal operating parameters, the film pickup rate was 89.78%, the soil content was 11.15%, and the pass rate of crushed straw was 94.79%.

plastic film  /  cotton stalk crushing  /  residual film recycling  /  residual film baling  /  optimal design
史明伟, 王明刚, 王伟, 李智国, 王雷, 张海娟. 棉秆粉碎与残膜回收打包一体机设计与试验. 农业机械学报, 2025 , 56 (12) : 397 -406 . DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.036
Mingwei SHI, Minggang WANG, Wei WANG, Zhiguo LI, Lei WANG, Haijuan ZHANG. Design and Experiment of Integrated Machine for Cotton Stalk Crushing and Residual Film Recycling and Baling[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2025 , 56 (12) : 397 -406 . DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.036
地膜覆盖种植具有保温保墒、抑制杂草、促进作物早熟、防虫害等作用,被广泛应用于棉花、玉米等农作物[1-2]。由于田间残膜不断增多,造成环境污染、农作物减产、农机具无法顺利运行等问题[3],人工捡拾残膜费时费力,可降解膜降解效果不稳定,机械捡拾残膜工作效率高,成本低[4]。我国残膜回收机主要型式有滚筒伸缩杆齿式、链齿式、弹齿式、气吸式等。
新疆为我国棉花主产地,棉花收获后有大量残膜亟待回收,且通常需要进行棉秆粉碎还田。按照残膜捡拾机构形式不同,我国棉秆粉碎与残膜回收联合作业机主要分为滚筒式和链齿式,链齿式残膜回收机残膜回收率较高,膜杂分离效果好[5-6],滚筒式残膜回收机还存在一些缺陷。由佳翰等[7]设计的4JSM-2000型棉秆粉碎与残膜回收联合作业机,采用滚筒伸缩杆齿式残膜捡拾机构,改进了气力式卸膜机构,增加了集膜箱容积与脱膜率,但拾膜时残膜易滑落;刘颖灿等[8]设计的秸秆还田残膜回收一体机,在拾膜滚筒上增设了防缠绕部件,采用脱膜机构除杂,但拾膜部件易变形,残膜含杂率高;新疆农业科学院研制的4JSM-2100型棉秆粉碎还田残膜回收联合作业机,采用滚筒弧形齿式残膜捡拾机构,作业效率高,回收的残膜含杂少,但残膜回收率较低。现有的残膜打包机构多为揉搓式、圆辊式和压块式[9-10]。以上残膜回收联合作业机仍存在残膜回收率低、残膜含杂率高等问题,而揉搓式打包机构存在打包带容易变形及容易丢膜等问题。
为了解决上述问题,结合新疆一膜六行的棉花种植模式与棉秆粉碎要求,设计11JCM-200FK型棉秆粉碎与残膜回收打包一体机。采用地轮驱动残膜捡拾机构,并改进拾膜滚筒与拾膜部件;增设螺旋排杂机构,改进脱膜叶片的结构;增设支撑辊并优化残膜打包机构的结构参数,提升揉搓式残膜打包机构的可靠性。本文通过对机具的工作原理与工作过程进行分析,确定关键机构的结构参数与工作参数。通过田间试验确定机具的最优工作参数组合。
整机结构如图1所示,主要由牵引机构、棉秆粉碎还田装置、螺旋排杂机构、残膜捡拾机构、脱膜机构、残膜打包机构、地轮、传动系统、液压系统、机架等部分组成。该机根据捡拾表层残膜(0~100 mm)的原则进行设计,主要技术指标如表1所示。
该机挂接方式为牵引式,拖拉机输出轴的动力通过整机动力输入轴传递到前变速箱,前变速箱输出的动力一部分传递给秸秆粉碎还田装置,另一部分通过后变速箱传递给螺旋排杂机构与脱膜机构,脱膜机构将动力传递给残膜打包机构。机具前进时,秸秆粉碎还田装置会粉碎还田棉秆,地轮驱动残膜捡拾机构,使捡膜齿入土拾膜,螺旋排杂机构将膜面落下的杂质排出至机具一侧,脱膜机构将相应位置的残膜带至后方的残膜打包仓内。残膜打包机构可以将残膜揉搓成包,卸膜时,上液压杆撑起后方打包带,残膜被抛出至田间。下液压杆撑起行走轮,使机具在路面上行走。调节上拉杆调整捡膜齿深度,调节下拉杆来调整留茬高度。
该装置包括秸秆粉碎机构与秸秆还田机构。该机采用横轴锤片式秸秆粉碎机构,并使用Y型刀片作为动刀[6],如图2a所示,动刀采用双螺旋线排列方式。图2b为动刀末端点的运动轨迹,在点A可得[11]
式中
      vn——动刀末端点绝对速度,m/s
      vr——动刀末端点线速度,m/s
      vm——机具前进速度,m/s
      ω——粉碎刀轴转动角速度,rad/s
      n——粉碎刀轴转速,r/min
      R——动刀末端点回转半径,取270 mm
图2b中y0为留茬高度,作业时可调节。无支撑切割的条件为vn≥48 m/s[11],根据式(1)可得到n≥(-30vm+1 440)/(πR),取vm为3.33 m/s,可以算得粉碎刀轴转速至少为1 620 r/min,考虑到运行阻力,将粉碎刀轴转速增至2 100 r/min。为了减少外界环境的影响,该机采用螺旋式秸秆还田机构,根据JB/T 7679—2008《螺旋输送器》,中型螺旋输送器公称直径D为250~400 mm,螺距P为(0.5~2.2)D,为保证输送效率与可靠性,D取320 mm,P取320 mm,螺旋输送器叶片厚度取6 mm。根据螺旋输送器转速计算公式[12],并考虑到运行阻力,取螺旋输送器转速为800 r/min。
残膜捡拾机构(图3)主要由防缠护板、拾膜滚筒、滚筒中心轴、圆槽轨道、捡膜齿组件、轴承座等组成,滚筒中心轴与拾膜滚筒固定在一起,捡膜齿组件通过轴承座与拾膜滚筒转动安装,圆槽轨道固定在机架上,防缠护板可以防止残膜缠绕,拾膜滚筒稳定性好,工作可靠。
图4a为捡膜齿组件结构图,主要由捡膜齿轴、齿座、捡膜齿、摇臂、定向轮等组成,捡膜齿与齿座通过螺栓连接,便于维修和更换,摇臂与捡膜齿轴右端固定。
图4b为捡膜齿结构图,长度为130 mm,厚度为12 mm,齿身由两段不同心的圆弧围成,强度和刚度比弹齿更高,工作时不易变形[13],为减小入土阻力,捡膜齿末端的角度取30°。如图4c所示,捡膜齿排列方式为交错排列[7],同排相邻捡膜齿的距离为b,交错排相邻捡膜齿的距离为b/2,棉花窄行种植距离a1为100 mm,宽行种植距离a2为660 mm,为避开棉花根茬,使棉茬与捡膜齿之间的最小偏移量ε≥ 10 mm。拾膜滚筒长度L=2 000 mm,捡膜齿间距越小,残膜含杂率较高,捡膜齿间距越大,漏膜率越高[11],为使残膜含杂率与漏膜率尽可能低,取b=120 mm,两端捡膜齿与拾膜滚筒边缘的距离a、b、c、d分别为131、69、72、128 mm。
如图5a所示,工作时拾膜滚筒带动摇臂运动,摇臂带动定向轮在圆槽轨道内运动,从而使捡膜齿的姿态变化。捡膜齿的运动过程分为入土挑膜、升举残膜、脱膜、空回4个阶段[14],对应的相位角Φ1=67°、Φ2=127°、Φ3=53°、Φ4=113°。为了避免残膜被带入拾膜滚筒内,捡膜齿完全缩回时其末端点与滚筒外表面重合。以拾膜滚筒中心点O1为原点,建立直角坐标系xO1y,设点O1与圆槽轨道中心点O2之间的距离为k,主动曲柄O1C的长度为m,连杆(摇臂)CD与从动曲柄O2D长度分别为s和l。根据机构极限位置时的图形关系[15]可以求得m=308 mm,k=105 mm,s=135 mm,l=306 mm。图5b为捡膜齿末端点的运动轨迹,入土挑膜与升举残膜阶段轨迹曲线较平缓,不仅减小了捡膜齿入土时的冲击力,而且能够防止残膜从捡膜齿上滑落,脱膜阶段为捡膜齿速度方向变化阶段,空回阶段曲线斜率变化较快,可达到快速空回效果。拾膜过程中,经历时间t后,捡膜齿轴中心点E的运动方程为
式中
      (xE,yE)——点E坐标
      ω0——拾膜滚筒转动角速度,rad/s
捡膜齿末端点P至点O1的距离r,与点E至点P的距离q在拾膜过程中保持不变,设图中位置为起始时刻,可得捡膜齿末端点P的运动轨迹方程为
式中
      ζ——捡膜齿入土拾膜时EP与O1E之间的夹角,(°)
      (xP,yP)——点P坐标
      β——入土拾膜时对应的相位角,(°)
式(3)对t求导可得捡膜齿末端点线速度vt的分速度vx、vy为
则捡膜齿末端的线速度vt为
由图5b可知β=arcos(1-d1/r),捡膜齿的最大入土深度d1≤100 mm,r=0.42 m,计算可得β=31°,又可知
由式(5)与式(6)可知vt≥vm,且vt随着vm的增大而增大,满足不漏捡残膜的要求,但vt过大时,机具噪声增大,捡膜齿出土挑膜时不易将残膜挑起[11,16]。由于vt与拾膜滚筒转速n0相关,故残膜能否被捡膜齿挑起与拾膜滚筒的转速有关,因此需确定拾膜滚筒的临界转速,故在出土挑膜时刻对残膜进行受力分析。
如图5c所示,残膜块受到的力有自身重力G、残膜块与捡膜齿之间的摩擦力Ff、捡膜齿对残膜块的支持力Fn、离心力Fr,离心力Fr与摩擦力Ff间的夹角为α,其中,G=m0g,,Ff=δFn,m0为残膜块的质量,δ为残膜块与捡膜齿之间的静摩擦因数,取0.5[11],g为重力加速度,取9.8 m/s2。
根据平衡条件,捡膜齿能够顺利挑起残膜的条件为Ff≥Frcosα+Gcos(α+β),根据上述条件以及n0=30ω0/π[15]可以求得拾膜滚筒转速n0需满足
只有当δsin(α+β)>cos(α+β)且cosα>δsinα时式(7)才成立,取α=52°,根据式(7)计算可知拾膜滚筒转速n0≤59.94 r/min。
图6a所示为地轮驱动机构,地轮通过链条驱动残膜捡拾机构,利用张紧轮与惰轮改变拾膜滚筒的转动方向。如图6b所示,U形板与挡板固定在机架上,夹板可以转动,张紧杆穿过夹板中心,能够摆动及上下移动,从而使张紧架转动,弹簧与螺母用来固定张紧架的位置,进而达到张紧链条的目的。地轮半径Rf过小时滚动性能差,半径过大时不能满足转速要求,拾膜滚筒半径R0越大,残膜含杂率越低,因此取R0为370 mm,Rf为300 mm。机具前进时地轮上每一点线速度vf为2.22~3.33 m/s,地轮转速nf与线速度vf的关系式[17]为
由式(8)可以计算出地轮的转速nf为70.66~105.99 r/min,若拾膜滚筒边缘的线速度vs大小与vm一致,根据式(8)可以算出拾膜滚筒的转速n0为57.30~85.94 r/min,此时捡膜齿末端点的线速度vt大于vm,拾膜滚筒转速越低,运行越稳定[11],因此,使vm=2.22 m/s,n0选取43、50、57 r/min,利用Solidworks motion对捡膜齿末端点的运动轨迹进行仿真。
如图6c所示,当n0为43、50、57 r/min时,捡拾深度保持不变,捡膜齿的重复捡拾距离分别为Δ1、Δ2、Δ3,且Δ3>Δ2>Δ1。当n0=43 r/min时,由于阻力作用导致拾膜滚筒转速小于理论转速,作业后可能会遗漏部分残膜;当n0=57 r/min时,捡膜齿与土壤作用次数增加,可能导致残膜含杂率较高,且捡膜齿可能会划破残膜;当n0=50 r/min时,重复捡拾距离适中,试验发现此时大部分残膜能被捡起,且残膜中所含杂质较少,根据i=nf/n0[15]计算出拾膜滚筒与地轮之间的传动比i为1.4,选择链条型号为24A,主动链轮齿数为21,从动链轮齿数为29。
如图6c所示,当n0=50 r/min、vm=2.22 m/s时,设捡膜齿经过一个工作行程Sc所花时间为tc,相邻捡膜齿的捡拾进距为Sg,相对划土长度为Sr,捡膜齿排数为z,可得[7]
根据式(9)算得z=5.06,取z为6,相邻两排捡膜齿间隔为60°,通过式(8)与i=nf/n0可以得到vm/n0=πiRf/30,根据式(9)可得Sg=10vm/n0,计算可得Sg=πiRf/3,Sg大小与vm无关,表明机具前进速度增加时,捡拾进距不变,代入已知数据后得到Sg=439.82 mm、Sr=387.46 mm,根据式(9)可得Sc=492.18 mm,Sc>Sg,满足连续拾膜条件。
如图7a所示,螺旋排杂机构能将膜面落下的杂质排出至机具一侧,K为螺旋排杂机构中心与拾膜滚筒中心的距离,K过大时,杂质可能在中途掉落至田间;过小时,残膜可能会与螺旋排杂机构发生缠绕。试验发现,湿度较小的颗粒状物料脱离膜面时水平运动距离较远,可增大K以避免堵塞;而湿度较大的块状物料由于自身重力较大,易在中途掉落至田间,距离K需减小,该机中K的连续调节范围为640~680 mm,增强了环境适应性。根据JB/T 7679—2008《螺旋输送器》,选取螺旋叶片公称直径为300 mm,螺旋叶片螺距为280 mm,螺旋排杂机构转速为800 r/min,为了确保螺旋排杂机构能够连续将杂质排出,当vm=3.33 m/s时,螺旋排杂机构的质量输送量应大于杂质的喂入量,根据物料特性及经验公式[17],算得螺旋排杂机构的质量输送量为174.98 t/h,杂质的喂入量为35.64 t/h,满足要求,可以有效避免拾膜位置壅土,从而降低残膜含杂率。
如图7b所示,脱膜机构主要由脱膜辊、脱膜叶片、护罩等组成,根据脱膜时的受力条件,并考虑到介质阻力[7,18],选择脱膜辊转速为800 r/min,设置6个脱膜叶片。如图7c所示,为了进一步降低残膜含杂率,脱膜叶片形状设计为带槽孔的锯齿状,锯齿角度为120°,间隔距离为80 mm,槽孔长90 mm,宽50 mm。试验发现,脱膜叶片能将拾膜滚筒表面的残膜顺利拾起,且能够过滤掉大部分泥土、短棉秆等杂质,最终将其排出至田间,残膜运动至护罩出口处时会被甩出至打包仓后上方,不会发生残膜回带现象。
如图8所示,残膜打包机构主要由打包带、上下主动轴、上下从动轴、支撑辊、液压杆、侧板、调节拉板等组成,从动轴与调节拉板转动连接,调节拉板带动从动轴沿着侧板移动,进而调节打包带张紧程度。
前后打包带与水平面之间的夹角分别为φ1、φ2,线速度大小均为vd,打包带表面为粗糙面,与残膜之间的滑动摩擦因数为μ1、滚动摩擦因数为μ2。
据研究,残膜打包过程分为成芯过程与成包过程,残膜打包过程所受的力有:滑动摩擦力f1、f2,残膜卷自身重力G2,打包带对残膜卷的支持力N1、N2、N3、N4,滚动摩擦力f3、f4,r1、r2为残膜卷的半径。通过理论计算,可得残膜成芯过程打包力矩Ma与成包过程打包力矩Mb分别为
式中λ=μ1-μ2>0,由于,故Ma>0,又φ2-φ1>0,故Mb>0,因此该装置能将残膜打包成形,且打包力矩与φ1、φ2有关,φ1、φ2的范围一般在0°~90°[19],为了确保打包力矩与工作容积较大,取φ1=11°,φ2=70°。
由于打包过程中残膜卷的半径和自身重力会不断增大,支撑辊可以防止残膜卷将打包带挤压变形,减少了打包带的磨损,增强了可靠性,减小了故障率,进而可以提升打包带的线速度,4个支撑辊与打包带内侧相切,直径为50 mm,间距为200 mm,液压杆直径为35 mm。卸膜时前后打包带之间的角度为9°,保证卸膜过程稳定且顺畅。试验测得田间单位长度残膜质量Q为0.032 9 kg/m,而残膜打包效率η=Qvd,可知η与vd成正比。下主动轴与脱膜机构之间的传动比为1.8,可计算出下主动轴转速为445 r/min,下主动轴中间部分的半径r3为0.055 m,根据式(8)可以计算出打包带的线速度为2.46 m/s,由于该机构的后打包带倾斜向上布置,该速度下残膜不会从机具后方抛出,解决了容易丢膜的问题。
为验证11JCM-200FK型棉秆粉碎与残膜回收打包一体机的作业效果,于2024年3月在新疆维吾尔自治区阿拉尔市9团18连进行田间试验。如图9所示,试验地棉花种植方式为1膜6行,地膜宽度为2 050 mm,厚度为0.15 mm,铺膜时间约为273 d,田地长度为500 m,宽度为300 m,地势平坦,土壤类型为砂土,土壤含水率为17.34%,地表有土壤以及棉花茎叶等杂质,滴灌带已回收,田间温度约为13.24℃,空气相对湿度约为25.56%,棉秆平均含水率为15.74%,0~50 mm土壤容重为1.43 g/cm3。试验时采用华夏HX2104-M(G4)型拖拉机作为配套动力,主要试验设备有皮尺、温湿度计、环刀、小铲、自封袋、电子秤、秒表等。
参照GB/T 25412—2021《残地膜回收机》与GB/T 24675.6—2021《保护性耕作机械》,以残膜回收率、残膜含杂率、粉秆合格率作为性能指标。测定残膜回收率时,试验后从试验区内随机选取5个测点,收集地下0~100 mm的残膜,洗净晾干后称量;测定残膜含杂率时,收集机具卸下的残膜,分别称量其总质量与残膜的质量;测量粉秆合格率时,在试验区内随机选取5个测点,收集测点内的棉秆,分别称量其总质量与长度大于200 mm的棉秆质量。机具田间工作时发现:捡膜齿深度较大或较小时,作业后田间还留有较多的残膜;机具前进速度较大时,收集的残膜所含杂质较多;留茬高度变化时,棉秆粉碎长度也会变化,留茬高度过低时,作业后田间存在少量碎膜。因此,选择机具前进速度、捡膜齿深度与留茬高度为试验因素[6]。各性能指标计算公式为
式中
      X——残膜回收率,%
      W0——作业前测点表层残膜质量,g
      W1——作业后测点表层残膜质量,g
      Y——残膜含杂率,%
      G0——残膜与杂质混合物质量,g
      G1——残膜质量,g
      Z——粉秆合格率,%
      M0——测点内棉秆总质量,g
      M1——测点内粉碎长度不合格棉秆质量,g
根据农户实际使用情况,设置机具作业速度范围为8~12 km/h,通过调节挡位使拖拉机按规定速度匀速运动;根据捡膜齿设计尺寸与前期试验时的壅土情况,设置捡膜齿入土深度为15~35 mm;机具作业后发现田间秸秆留茬高度多在10 cm左右,为了防止动刀触碰地面,并探究留茬高度对残膜回收率和棉秆粉碎长度的影响,设置留茬高度为6~10 cm,试验因素与水平如表2所示。为减小工作量,采用三因素三水平正交试验,以探究各因素对各指标的影响,并寻求最佳工作参数,试验方案与结果如表3所示,A、B、C为机具前进速度、捡膜齿深度、留茬高度水平值。
表4为方差分析结果,通过分析表3与表4可知,试验因素A对残膜回收率无显著影响,这表明拾膜滚筒转速与整机前进速度相匹配;试验因素B对残膜回收率有显著影响,由于捡膜齿深度较小时,只能拾起部分表层残膜,当捡膜齿深度增大时,能够将大部分表层残膜拾起,但捡膜齿深度过大时,拾膜位置会发生壅土,导致残膜不能被顺利揭起,可以看出当捡膜齿深度为25 mm时,残膜回收率较大。试验因素C对残膜回收率无显著影响,可能有以下原因:由于春季时地表残膜已经被棉秆与土壤所覆盖,暴露在地表的残膜较少,因此,当留茬高度较低时,大部分残膜不会被动刀粉碎;本文设置的留茬高度不足以使粉碎刀触碰到表层残膜。
试验因素A与B对残膜含杂率有显著影响,且影响程度B大于A,这是由于捡膜齿深度较小时,收集的残膜较少,而土壤相对较多,当捡膜齿深度增加时,捡膜齿能够拾起大部分表层残膜,但深度过大时,拾膜位置会壅土,回收的土壤会增多。机具前进速度较小时,拾膜滚筒转速较小,残膜挑送时间较长,大部分的泥土会从膜面脱落,当机具前进速度增加时,捡膜齿与地表的作用次数增加,回收的土壤增多。
试验因素A与C对粉秆合格率有显著影响,且影响程度C大于A,因为当机具前进速度较小时,单位时间内动刀打击棉秆的次数较多,当机具前进速度增大时,打击棉秆的次数变少,粉秆合格率会降低;当留茬高度较小时,棉秆喂入量与棉秆直径增大,动刀切割阻力增大,从而不能完全粉碎棉秆,当留茬高度增加时,棉秆喂入量与棉秆直径减小,有利于棉秆粉碎。
试验结果与分析表明,机具前进速度越大,残膜含杂率越高,粉秆合格率越低;捡膜齿深度较小或较大时,残膜含杂率较高,残膜回收率较低;留茬高度越大,粉秆合格率越高,为了使残膜回收率与粉秆合格率最大,残膜含杂率最低,选择最优参数组合为A2B2C3,即机具前进速度、捡膜齿深度、留茬高度分别为10 km/h、25 mm、10 cm,根据该参数组合进行验证试验。
田间验证试验在新疆维吾尔自治区阿拉尔市8团六园镇进行,试验条件与正交试验基本一致,设定机具前进速度为10 km/h,捡膜齿入土深度为25 mm,留茬高度为10 cm,重复3次试验后采集残膜样本与被粉碎的棉秆样本,洗净晾干残膜后称量,依据式(12)~(14)计算残膜回收率、残膜含杂率、粉秆合格率。试验结果如表5所示,最佳工作参数组合下的平均残膜回收率为89.78%、平均残膜含杂率为11.15%、平均粉秆合格率为94.79%。工作时整机运行平稳,棉秆能够被有效粉碎,未出现漏膜与壅土现象,图9c为机具卸下的残膜包,残膜包密度合适,残膜包中所含土壤与棉秆较少,田间作业时残膜打包机构的残膜成包率为95%,由于春季时土质松散且干燥,膜土分离难度较小,螺旋排杂机构与脱膜机构充分发挥了膜杂分离作用,使残膜含杂率变的更低,机具作业效果满足棉秆粉碎还田与残膜回收打包作业要求。
(1)针对滚筒式棉秆粉碎与残膜回收联合作业机现存问题以及新疆棉田残膜回收要求,通过结构设计与理论分析确定了关键部件的结构参数与作业参数。田间试验表明,采用新型弧形捡膜齿且地轮驱动机构传动比为1.4时,整机残膜捡拾率提高;带有槽孔的锯齿状脱膜叶片配合距离可调的螺旋排杂机构能够增强膜杂分离效果;残膜打包机构打包带线速度为2.46 m/s时,故障率减小,无丢膜现象,卸膜过程顺畅,残膜成包率为95%,成包密度合适。
(2)以残膜回收率、残膜含杂率、粉秆合格率为性能指标,通过正交试验以及方差分析确定了捡膜齿深度对残膜回收率有显著影响;机具前进速度与捡膜齿深度对残膜含杂率有显著影响,且捡膜齿深度对残膜含杂率的影响大于机具前进速度对残膜含杂率的影响;机具前进速度与留茬高度对于粉秆合格率有显著影响,且留茬高度对粉秆合格率的影响大于机具前进速度对粉秆合格率的影响,通过综合分析得到了最佳参数组合:机具前进速度为10 km/h、捡膜齿深度为25 mm、留茬高度为10 cm。
(3)经过田间验证试验得到了最佳作业参数下机具的平均残膜回收率为89.78%、平均残膜含杂率为11.15%、平均粉秆合格率为94.79%。结果表明本研究中整机设计合理,且工作性能与理论预期基本一致,相较于现有的滚筒式残膜回收机,本设计提高了残膜捡拾率与膜杂分离效果,有助于提升残膜回收的综合效率与经济效益。
  • 杨凌示范区种子孵化项目(2022-JSCY-05)
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2025年第56卷第12期
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doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.12.036
  • 接收时间:2024-08-22
  • 首发时间:2026-09-30
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-22
  • 修回日期:2024-09-25
基金
杨凌示范区种子孵化项目(2022-JSCY-05)
作者信息
    1.西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,陕西杨凌 712100
    2.西安宇恒禾悦农业机械设备有限公司,西安 710065
    3.西安市农机监理与推广总站,西安 710065

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李智国(1984—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事小型实用农机研发与改良研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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