农业技术与装备

我国农业机械化发展的阶段特征分析

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农业技术与装备 | 同觞话农 2026,(6): 1-5

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我国农业机械化发展的阶段特征分析

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白人朴

作者信息

中国农业大学，北京　100083

作者简介:

白人朴（1937-），男，四川广安人，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为农业工程。

Analysis of the Stage Characteristics of Agricultural Mechanization Development in China

Renpu Bai

Affiliations

China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China

出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-887X.2026.06.001

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准确识别农业机械化发展的阶段边界与特征属性是遵循客观规律、推动产业高质量发展的逻辑前提。本文以马克思主义历史唯物主义关于社会经济形态演化的阶段性规律为理论基石，结合《矛盾论》中关于事物发展阶段性矛盾特殊性的论述，以NY/T 1408.1—2007《农业机械化水平评价　第1部分：种植业》规定的农业机械化发展阶段划分标准为依据，从生产方式变革与就业结构转型两个维度，对1949年—2025年我国农业机械化77年发展历程进行了阶段划分与特征解构。研究发现：我国农业机械化依次经历了以环节化为主要特征的初级阶段（1949年—2006年）、以全程化为主要特征的中级阶段（2007年—2025年），此过程还在继续，目前正处于向高级阶段跨越的关键过渡期。初级阶段呈现传统生产方式主导、机械化局部渗透、发展速率偏低的基本属性，就业结构经历了由“增机增人”到“增机减人”的历史拐点；中级阶段在制度供给与政策红利双重驱动下，实现了主要农作物生产全程机械化的历史性跨越，机械化生产方式确立主导地位，农机总动力、粮食综合生产能力与农业劳动生产率均实现量级跃升，社会就业结构完成由“一三二”向“三二一”的根本性重构；高级阶段将以全面化、智能化、绿色化为主要特征，向农业全领域、全环节机械化覆盖与新质生产力赋能的产业升级。本文验证了农业机械化发展阶段划分标准的科学性与适用性，明确了我国农业机械化即将跨入高级阶段的历史方位，可为“十五五”时期农机装备高质量发展、农业强国建设路径选择提供理论支撑与决策参考。

关键词

农业机械化 / 阶段划分 / 阶段特征 / 全面机械化、智能化、绿色化 / 农业高质量发展

Abstract

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Accurately identifying the stage boundaries and characteristic attributes of agricultural mechanization development is a logical prerequisite for following objective laws and promoting the high-quality development of the industry. This paper took the phased laws of social and economic form evolution as the theoretical foundation of Marxist historical materialism, combined the discussion on the particularity of phased contradictions in On Contradiction, and based on the division standards of agricultural mechanization development stages established in NY/T 1408.1—2007 Evaluation of Agricultural Mechanization Level-Part 1: Crop Cultivation it conducted a systematic stage division and characteristic decomposition of China's 77-year development process of agricultural mechanization from 1949 to 2025, from the two dimensions of production mode transformation and employment structure transformation. The research findings indicated that China's agricultural mechanization had successively gone through the primary stage (from 1949 to 2006), characterized by a focus on the modularization, and the intermediate stage (from 2007 to 2025), characterized by a focus on the full-processization. Currently, it was in a critical transitional period as it was moving towards the advanced stage. The primary stage presented the basic attributes of traditional production methods dominating, partial penetration of mechanization, and a relatively low development rate. The employment structure experienced a historical turning point from "increasing machines and increasing people" to "increasing machines and reducing people". The intermediate stage, driven by institutional supply and policy dividends, achieved a historic leap in the full-process mechanization of major crop production. Mechanized production methods established a dominant position, and the total power of agricultural machinery, the comprehensive production capacity of grain, and agricultural labor productivity all achieved a quantitative leap. The social employment structure completed a fundamental reconfiguration from "one, three, two" to "three, two, one". The advanced stage would be characterized by comprehensive, intelligent, and green as its core indicators, pointing to the coverage of agricultural mechanization in all fields and all links and the empowerment of new quality productive forces in industrial upgrading. This paper verified the scientificity and applicability of the division criteria for the stages of agricultural mechanization, clarifies the historical position that China's agricultural mechanization was about to enter the advanced stage, and could provide theoretical support and decision-making basis for the high-quality development of agricultural machinery equipment in the "15th Five-Year Plan" period and the selection of the path for building an agricultural power.

Key words

agricultural mechanization / stage division / stage characteristics / comprehensive mechanization, intelligence, and greening / high-quality agricultural development

引用本文

白人朴. 我国农业机械化发展的阶段特征分析. 农业技术与装备, 2026 , (6) : 1 -5 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-887X.2026.06.001

Renpu Bai. Analysis of the Stage Characteristics of Agricultural Mechanization Development in China[J]. Agricultural Technology & Equipment, 2026 , (6) : 1 -5 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-887X.2026.06.001

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2026年第卷第6期

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-887X.2026.06.001

接收时间：2026-06-10
首发时间：2026-08-13
出版时间：2026-06-25

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收稿日期：2026-06-10

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中国农业大学，北京　100083

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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