Article(id=1297211762550526621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, issueId=1297211624738284246, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202508072, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754582400000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-08, revisedDate=1769356800000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1787208985219, onlineDateStr=2026-08-20, pubDate=1782748800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1787208985219, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1787208985219, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1787208985219, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1297211624738284246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, year='2026', volume='42', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='396', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782748800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1787208952364, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1787212261177, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1297225503002357852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, issueId=1297211624738284246, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1297225503002357853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, issueId=1297211624738284246, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=299, endPage=309, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1297211764324717215, articleId=1297211762550526621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, language=EN, title=Spatial distribution and influencing factors of China's agricultural industry strong towns from 2018 to 2024, columnId=1297211762726687390, journalTitle=Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, columnName=Land Security and Ecological Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Strong agricultural towns have promoted the circulation of resources among towns in modern rural China. Local resources can be integrated to develop comparatively advantaged leading industries in sustainable agriculture. This study aims to clarify the spatial distribution and influencing factors of strong agricultural towns with various categories at the national level from 2018 to 2024. Nine categories were classified according to the leading industries. A combination of spatial analysis, including the average nearest neighbor index, kernel density estimation, and geographical detector, was adopted to explore the spatial pattern and driving factors. The results show that: (1) A total of 1 709 strong agricultural towns were approved in China, which were distributed in the third topographic step along water sources. The overall uneven spatial distribution exhibited a “northeast–southwest” pattern. Kernel density analysis revealed that the towns specializing in different product categories exhibited the distribution patterns of "category-region matching and core-led radiation". Among them, the largest number of grain and oil industry-strong towns reached 389, while edible fungus industry-strong towns were the smallest, with only 60. Overall, three major high-density clusters were formed in the border areas of Hebei-Shandong-Henan, Jiangsu-Zhejiang, and Sichuan-Chongqing. (2) At the provincial level, the conventional major agricultural provinces—Shandong, Sichuan, and Henan—shared a large number of such towns, indicating the sound quantity and spatial layout. According to the average nearest neighbor index and distribution density, 17 provinces shared the high dense distribution. Specifically, the dense agglomeration was found in the six regions (Shandong, Henan, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Hubei, and Chongqing); Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai were the dense uniformity; Three autonomous regions (Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Tibet) presented the scattered agglomeration. (3) The geographical detector showed that the agricultural production scale and regional economic development level served as the significant single factors to explain the distribution of strong industry towns. Among them, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery also presented the strongest explanatory effect, particularly for the agricultural development level and optimal industrial structure. In contrast, regional and policy factors shared the weak independent explanatory effects, with the stronger explanatory power after interactions with the other factors. In conclusion, the strong agricultural towns can be expected to position product categories, according to local resources, differentiated development, and comparative advantages. Planning and layout can promote the clustered development of factor efficiency in strong agricultural towns, leading to their differentiated, intensive, and high-quality development. The findings can also provide data support to construct strong industry towns.

, authors=Yan CHEN1, Xiaolin LI1, Aijuan ZHANG2, Zishan WANG1, Jie XIE1, Jiaying LI1, Fei YOU1, *, authorsList=Yan CHEN, Xiaolin LI, Aijuan ZHANG, Zishan WANG, Jie XIE, Jiaying LI, Fei YOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fei YOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1297211766019216043, articleId=1297211762550526621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, language=CN, title=2018—2024年中国农业产业强镇空间分布及影响因素, columnId=1297211764437963424, journalTitle=农业工程学报, columnName=土地保障与生态安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

农业产业强镇的建设推动了资源要素在乡镇之间的流通,加快了农业农村现代化进程。为揭示2018—2024年中国1 709个农业产业强镇的空间分布格局及其驱动因素,该研究综合运用核密度分析、平均最近邻指数和地理探测器等空间分析方法进行测度与归因。结果表明:1)全国范围上农业产业强镇整体空间分布不均,呈现“东北—西南”分布趋势,不同品类强镇呈现“品类适配区域、核心引领辐射”的分布特征,总体形成以冀鲁豫、苏浙交界和川渝交界为主的高密度区。2)省域层面,数量分布较多的省份是山东、四川和河南,数量分别为111、105和103个,3个省份分布均呈现集聚特征。3)因子结果显示,农业产业生产规模和社会经济发展水平对强镇分布具有显著的单因子解释力,农林牧渔业总产值因子解释力q最强(q为0.871),区位因素和政策因素在与其交互作用下展现更强的解释力,q值分别为0.959和0.922。综上,未来农业产业强镇发展应根据其资源禀赋锚定品类方向,遵循因地制宜和差异化发展原则,发挥比较优势。通过科学规划和合理布局,集聚发展提升要素效率,有序推进农业产业强镇差异化、集约化和高质量发展。

, authors=陈燕1, 李晓琳1, 张爱娟2, 王子珊1, 谢杰1, 李佳颖1, 尤飞1, *, authorsList=陈燕, 李晓琳, 张爱娟, 王子珊, 谢杰, 李佳颖, 尤飞, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=尤飞, authorNote=

陈燕,博士生,研究方向为农业区域发展。Email:

, correspAuthorsNote=
尤飞,博士,研究员,研究方向为农业区域发展。Email:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026 农业工程学报编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=18L6T9yMHg2GPuOgoTiyNg==, magXml=298jF1sATKMmWqwazFPEeQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=P9tR2Edss9mSUtwYAX9law==, pdfFileSize=3530271, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=izCRvNS1DlFPgg9aO9Dwvg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=OgVxFQFDM412BPHgKEv2bA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1299828284733289434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211762550526621, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1592115461@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1299828284812981212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211762550526621, authorId=1299828284733289434, language=EN, stringName=Yan CHEN, firstName=Yan, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1State key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, CAAS, Beijing 100080, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1299828284888478685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211762550526621, authorId=1299828284733289434, language=CN, stringName=陈燕, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100080, bio={"content":"

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陈燕,博士生,研究方向为农业区域发展。Email:

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注:基于国家地理信息公共服务平台审图号为GS(2024)0650号的标准地图制作,底图边界无修改,下同。

, figureFileSmall=/eg296/VBNklVFu+mdBQGw==, figureFileBig=6ou5d08Ow6Gw3uoraYm+Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828286964658179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211762550526621, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Overall agricultural industry towns of kernel density, figureFileSmall=cJlJJK+FVUzVBIvXqCcYLw==, figureFileBig=iOZ/4RuUYlaIKJAz41tFHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828287035961348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211762550526621, language=CN, label=图2, caption=整体农业产业强镇核密度, figureFileSmall=cJlJJK+FVUzVBIvXqCcYLw==, figureFileBig=iOZ/4RuUYlaIKJAz41tFHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828287119847429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211762550526621, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Kernel density of various types of strong agricultural towns, figureFileSmall=bk9jI/GBaNDtyoFXnZ0xcw==, figureFileBig=zDnORuIbeEM7YWTwVmHrww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828287195344902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211762550526621, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各类农业产业强镇核密度, figureFileSmall=bk9jI/GBaNDtyoFXnZ0xcw==, figureFileBig=zDnORuIbeEM7YWTwVmHrww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828287262453767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211762550526621, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Results of the analysis of impact factors for towns with strong comprehensive agricultural industries, figureFileSmall=bIcm7kJEI+ftSn8uAzuqew==, figureFileBig=dcMfLoNKCY8dpjzlkDkt4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828287342145544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211762550526621, language=CN, label=图4, caption=整体农业产业强镇影响因子探测结果, figureFileSmall=bIcm7kJEI+ftSn8uAzuqew==, figureFileBig=dcMfLoNKCY8dpjzlkDkt4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828287413448713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211762550526621, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Results of the impact factor analysis for agricultural industry powerhouse towns by category, figureFileSmall=EsG077aOfWpmkpbvQv1p3w==, figureFileBig=4T6QZ/97mlTB4t5o+/XTPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828287480557578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211762550526621, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各类农业产业强镇影响因子探测结果, figureFileSmall=EsG077aOfWpmkpbvQv1p3w==, figureFileBig=4T6QZ/97mlTB4t5o+/XTPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828287560249355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211762550526621, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Influencing factors of the humanities category in strong agricultural industry towns

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标
Primary indicator
二级指标
Secondary indicators
因子
Factor
单位
Unit
农业产业生产规模耕地面积X1万亩
农业机械化总动力X2万千瓦特
第一产业就业人数X3万人
农林牧渔业总产值X4亿元
社会经济发展水平农村居民人均可支配收入X5
地方财政农林水事务支出X6亿元
农业产业化龙头企业数X7
区位因素各区域路网密度X8——
政策支持力度政策文件提及“农业产业强镇”数量X9
), ArticleFig(id=1299828287623163916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211762550526621, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

农业产业强镇社会经济类影响因素

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标
Primary indicator
二级指标
Secondary indicators
因子
Factor
单位
Unit
农业产业生产规模耕地面积X1万亩
农业机械化总动力X2万千瓦特
第一产业就业人数X3万人
农林牧渔业总产值X4亿元
社会经济发展水平农村居民人均可支配收入X5
地方财政农林水事务支出X6亿元
农业产业化龙头企业数X7
区位因素各区域路网密度X8——
政策支持力度政策文件提及“农业产业强镇”数量X9
), ArticleFig(id=1299828287690272781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211762550526621, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Number and agglomeration characteristics of strong agricultural industry towns in each province across China

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
省份
Province
数量
Quantity
最近邻指数
Nearest neighbor index
密度
Density
分布类型
Distribution type
省份Province数量
Quantity
最近邻指数
Nearest neighbor index
密度
Density
分布类型
Distribution type
注:密度表示每100 km2农业产业强镇数量。
Note:Density represents the number of strong agricultural industry towns per 100 km2.
山东1110.86060.0694稠密集聚陕西561.02810.0267一般均匀
四川1050.84810.0214一般集聚云南550.96320.0141一般集聚
河南1030.92150.0606稠密集聚辽宁521.01400.0347一般均匀
黑龙江860.42680.0187一般集聚甘肃490.84420.0114一般集聚
广东840.88390.0467稠密集聚浙江431.18610.0430稠密均匀
湖南801.08070.0381一般均匀吉林410.94810.0216一般集聚
江苏790.99560.0718稠密集聚山西390.90490.0244一般集聚
湖北780.95460.0411稠密集聚重庆390.93060.0476稠密集聚
河北740.93400.0389一般集聚西藏280.93060.0023稀疏集聚
安徽731.04780.0521稠密均匀青海211.19320.0029稀疏均匀
广西641.21270.0267一般均匀宁夏190.98640.0288一般集聚
内蒙古620.71940.0053稀疏集聚海南101.03900.0294一般均匀
新疆610.67050.0037稀疏集聚天津101.43150.0833稠密均匀
福建581.16980.0483稠密均匀上海81.24950.1262稠密均匀
贵州581.15310.0322一般均匀北京71.46310.0438稠密均匀
江西561.20400.0329一般均匀
), ArticleFig(id=1299828287782547470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211762550526621, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

全国各省农业产业强镇数量和集聚特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
省份
Province
数量
Quantity
最近邻指数
Nearest neighbor index
密度
Density
分布类型
Distribution type
省份Province数量
Quantity
最近邻指数
Nearest neighbor index
密度
Density
分布类型
Distribution type
注:密度表示每100 km2农业产业强镇数量。
Note:Density represents the number of strong agricultural industry towns per 100 km2.
山东1110.86060.0694稠密集聚陕西561.02810.0267一般均匀
四川1050.84810.0214一般集聚云南550.96320.0141一般集聚
河南1030.92150.0606稠密集聚辽宁521.01400.0347一般均匀
黑龙江860.42680.0187一般集聚甘肃490.84420.0114一般集聚
广东840.88390.0467稠密集聚浙江431.18610.0430稠密均匀
湖南801.08070.0381一般均匀吉林410.94810.0216一般集聚
江苏790.99560.0718稠密集聚山西390.90490.0244一般集聚
湖北780.95460.0411稠密集聚重庆390.93060.0476稠密集聚
河北740.93400.0389一般集聚西藏280.93060.0023稀疏集聚
安徽731.04780.0521稠密均匀青海211.19320.0029稀疏均匀
广西641.21270.0267一般均匀宁夏190.98640.0288一般集聚
内蒙古620.71940.0053稀疏集聚海南101.03900.0294一般均匀
新疆610.67050.0037稀疏集聚天津101.43150.0833稠密均匀
福建581.16980.0483稠密均匀上海81.24950.1262稠密均匀
贵州581.15310.0322一般均匀北京71.46310.0438稠密均匀
江西561.20400.0329一般均匀
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2018—2024年中国农业产业强镇空间分布及影响因素
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陈燕 1 , 李晓琳 1 , 张爱娟 2 , 王子珊 1 , 谢杰 1 , 李佳颖 1 , 尤飞 1, *
农业工程学报 | 土地保障与生态安全 2026,42(12): 299-309
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农业工程学报 |土地保障与生态安全 2026 , 42 (12) : 299 -309
2018—2024年中国农业产业强镇空间分布及影响因素
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陈燕1 , 李晓琳1, 张爱娟2, 王子珊1, 谢杰1, 李佳颖1, 尤飞1, *
作者信息
  • 1北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100080
  • 2滦南县人力资源和社会保障局,唐山 063000
通讯作者:
尤飞,博士,研究员,研究方向为农业区域发展。Email:
作者简介:

陈燕,博士生,研究方向为农业区域发展。Email:

Spatial distribution and influencing factors of China's agricultural industry strong towns from 2018 to 2024
Yan CHEN1 , Xiaolin LI1, Aijuan ZHANG2, Zishan WANG1, Jie XIE1, Jiaying LI1, Fei YOU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1State key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, CAAS, Beijing 100080, China
  • 2Human Resources and Social Security Bureau of Luan Nan County, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, Tangshan 063000, China
出版时间: 2026-06-30 doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202508072
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农业产业强镇的建设推动了资源要素在乡镇之间的流通,加快了农业农村现代化进程。为揭示2018—2024年中国1 709个农业产业强镇的空间分布格局及其驱动因素,该研究综合运用核密度分析、平均最近邻指数和地理探测器等空间分析方法进行测度与归因。结果表明:1)全国范围上农业产业强镇整体空间分布不均,呈现“东北—西南”分布趋势,不同品类强镇呈现“品类适配区域、核心引领辐射”的分布特征,总体形成以冀鲁豫、苏浙交界和川渝交界为主的高密度区。2)省域层面,数量分布较多的省份是山东、四川和河南,数量分别为111、105和103个,3个省份分布均呈现集聚特征。3)因子结果显示,农业产业生产规模和社会经济发展水平对强镇分布具有显著的单因子解释力,农林牧渔业总产值因子解释力q最强(q为0.871),区位因素和政策因素在与其交互作用下展现更强的解释力,q值分别为0.959和0.922。综上,未来农业产业强镇发展应根据其资源禀赋锚定品类方向,遵循因地制宜和差异化发展原则,发挥比较优势。通过科学规划和合理布局,集聚发展提升要素效率,有序推进农业产业强镇差异化、集约化和高质量发展。

产业强镇  /  空间分布  /  集聚特征

Strong agricultural towns have promoted the circulation of resources among towns in modern rural China. Local resources can be integrated to develop comparatively advantaged leading industries in sustainable agriculture. This study aims to clarify the spatial distribution and influencing factors of strong agricultural towns with various categories at the national level from 2018 to 2024. Nine categories were classified according to the leading industries. A combination of spatial analysis, including the average nearest neighbor index, kernel density estimation, and geographical detector, was adopted to explore the spatial pattern and driving factors. The results show that: (1) A total of 1 709 strong agricultural towns were approved in China, which were distributed in the third topographic step along water sources. The overall uneven spatial distribution exhibited a “northeast–southwest” pattern. Kernel density analysis revealed that the towns specializing in different product categories exhibited the distribution patterns of "category-region matching and core-led radiation". Among them, the largest number of grain and oil industry-strong towns reached 389, while edible fungus industry-strong towns were the smallest, with only 60. Overall, three major high-density clusters were formed in the border areas of Hebei-Shandong-Henan, Jiangsu-Zhejiang, and Sichuan-Chongqing. (2) At the provincial level, the conventional major agricultural provinces—Shandong, Sichuan, and Henan—shared a large number of such towns, indicating the sound quantity and spatial layout. According to the average nearest neighbor index and distribution density, 17 provinces shared the high dense distribution. Specifically, the dense agglomeration was found in the six regions (Shandong, Henan, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Hubei, and Chongqing); Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai were the dense uniformity; Three autonomous regions (Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Tibet) presented the scattered agglomeration. (3) The geographical detector showed that the agricultural production scale and regional economic development level served as the significant single factors to explain the distribution of strong industry towns. Among them, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery also presented the strongest explanatory effect, particularly for the agricultural development level and optimal industrial structure. In contrast, regional and policy factors shared the weak independent explanatory effects, with the stronger explanatory power after interactions with the other factors. In conclusion, the strong agricultural towns can be expected to position product categories, according to local resources, differentiated development, and comparative advantages. Planning and layout can promote the clustered development of factor efficiency in strong agricultural towns, leading to their differentiated, intensive, and high-quality development. The findings can also provide data support to construct strong industry towns.

strong industrial town  /  spatial distribution  /  aggregation characteristics
陈燕, 李晓琳, 张爱娟, 王子珊, 谢杰, 李佳颖, 尤飞. 2018—2024年中国农业产业强镇空间分布及影响因素. 农业工程学报, 2026 , 42 (12) : 299 -309 . DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202508072
Yan CHEN, Xiaolin LI, Aijuan ZHANG, Zishan WANG, Jie XIE, Jiaying LI, Fei YOU. Spatial distribution and influencing factors of China's agricultural industry strong towns from 2018 to 2024[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2026 , 42 (12) : 299 -309 . DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202508072
农业产业强镇作为上联城市、下接乡村的重要节点,是聚焦农业主导产业、缩小城乡差距、撬动乡村产业振兴的重要支点和中坚力量。在推动农业现代化与产业升级、推动乡村产业兴旺、加快城乡融合发展、促进农民增收致富等方面具有重要的意义[1]。为促进乡村产业高质量发展、发挥农民的主体作用以及各要素的协同作用,自2018年起中国农业农村部会同财政部在全国范围启动农业产业强镇建设,根据《全国乡村产业发展规划(2020—2025年)》要求,到2025年目标建成1600个农业产业强镇。2018年至2024年,已分7批批准创建1709个农业产业强镇。截至2023年,已完成农业产业强镇建设1509个,创建完成度约94.31%,2024年已远超原定批准计划。经过7 a的批准建设,农业产业强镇在明确主导产业、科学合理产业布局的基础上,已形成一定的集聚规模。因此,聚焦农业产业强镇主导产业类别、全面了解产业强镇的空间分布特点,科学分析其影响因素,能够进一步优化空间布局、加快推动城乡一体化发展、落实乡村振兴战略实施。
农业产业的发展和农业产业强镇的建设是推动农业现代化、产业化、规模化和推进乡村振兴的重要途径[2],备受学者的关注。学术界从理论基础、研究视角、研究方法、影响机理等方面对农业产业优化布局展开了广泛的讨论。理论基础方面,学者们基于资源禀赋理论[3]、增长极理论[4]、比较优势理论[5]强调农业产业的协同发展应兼顾资源要素投入、主导产业发展和区域布局[6]三者之间的统筹发展关系。研究视角上,现有成果多集中于省市级或特定流域尺度下单一产业空间布局和发展模式[7-9],较少涉及多类别产业产区的比较分析。具体到产业强镇,宏观层面的研究如省域[10]、长江经济带[11]等侧重揭示其空间格局与区域演变规律,肯定了产业强镇建设对农业集聚发展的助推作用[12];微观层面的案例研究则聚焦于实践困境,指出了其在产业结构[13] 、融资体系、资源整合[14-15]和人才供给[16]等方面存在的短板。研究方法上通常采用区位熵[17-18]、空间自相关等[19-20]定量模型,结合核密度分析与空间计量方法[21-22],从“格局—过程—机理”多维度揭示产业集聚与扩散的时空演化规律。影响因素方面,多有研究借助地理探测器等[23-24]方法在识别地形、资源禀赋[25]、区位条件、技术和劳动力等多重因子的基础上进一步揭示了因子间交互作用对空间分异的驱动机制[26-27]。综上所述,多数学者提到农业产业强镇的建设能够强化集聚效应,促进产业发展;反过来优势主导产业发展为产业强镇的建设提供核心支撑力[28-29]。乡镇是推进产业发展的重要单元,鉴于数据获取等难题,当前从全国宏观尺度的研究仅停留在强镇分布的空间特征分析,事实上不同品类的产业强镇在资源禀赋、产业基础、市场联动等方面存在差异,发展路径和空间特征也并不完全一致。因此,本文以2018—2024年批准建设的农业产业强镇为样本数据,聚焦申报农业强镇的主导产业,根据主导产业划分不同产业类别,运用核密度分析刻画不同类型的农业产业强镇的空间集聚特征和差异;基于地理探测器分析影响其空间分布的社会经济因素,进而提出相关建议,有助于深化不同品类强镇发展差异和内部异质性的认识,以此为中国农业产业强镇的建设和布局优化提供参考。
农业产业强镇建设名单的数据来源于农业农村部官方网站(https://www.gov.cn/),2018—2024年间,经县级人民政府申请、省级农业农村和财政部门推荐、农业农村部和财政部审核,分别批准创建254、298、259、298、200、200和200个,7 a合计确定1709个镇(乡)(不含港澳台地区)开展农业产业强镇建设。根据镇(乡)申报农业主导产业类别将获批的农业产业强镇分为粮油类(389个)、瓜果类(334个)、蔬菜类(307个)、畜禽养殖类(305个)、中药材类(121个)、茶产类(110个)、水产类(86个)、草本花木类(84个)和菌类(60个)9种类型。研究区域包括31个省级行政区(不含港澳台)。本研究借助百度地图的坐标拾取器依据行政区划信息及乡镇政府驻地对全国1709个农业产业强镇所在的地理位置信息进行坐标提取和处理,借助ArcGIS10.8软件将农业强镇以点状要素在中国地图上生成农业产业强镇空间分布图。高程和河流水系数据来源于中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源环境科学与数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn);社会经济类影响因素指标数据来源于《国家统计局》和31个省级行政区(不含港澳台)的统计年鉴。
本文旨在揭示中国不同类型农业产业强镇的空间布局特征及其驱动因素,围绕“分类—布局—机理”的逻辑主线展开。首先通过梳理文献,明确农业产业发展的理论基础与研究现状。其次以2018—2024年批准建设的农业产业强镇为研究对象,提取各镇地理坐标,依据申报的主导产业特征进行类型划分。在此基础上运用核密度分析方法刻画不同类型强镇的空间集聚特征,识别优势分布区域,结合平均最近邻指数方法进一步计算各省聚集或离散程度。最后构建涵盖“产业生产规模、经济发展水平、区位条件、政策支持”4个维度的因子体系,运用地理探测器模型测算各因素对空间分异的解释力,并检验因子之间的相互作用。通过对不同类型强镇空间分布特征的刻画,为后续的分类施策提供依据。
1)核密度分析
核密度分析是一种非参数估计方法,可以深入分析并揭示区域内数据的分布特征和空间变化趋势[30]。本研究以全部农业产业强镇和各品类强镇为核心,计算每个要素在单位空间一定范围内的点数量,将其转换为相应的密度值,进而得到该区域范围内的集聚分布特征,识别农业产业强镇的核心区分布特征。计算式如下:
$ {F}_{h}\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{nh}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}K\left(\frac{x-{x}_{i}}{h}\right) $
式中Fh(x) 为农业产业强镇核密度的估计;K为核函数;h为带宽;n为农业产业强镇中心的样本数量;x为估计点,xi为第i个农业产业强镇点,(x-xi)是测算农业产业强镇到样本点的距离。
2)平均最近邻指数
平均最近邻指数(nearest neighbor ratio)是用于分析和判断要素在空间上分布模式的常见的空间统计工具。本研究借助此方法计算每个要素到其最相近邻的距离之和的平均值,然后与随机分布条件下的平均距离进行比较,进而分析中国农业产业强镇在各省空间上的聚集或离散程度。当数值小于1时,表示农业产业强镇聚类分布;数值大于1时,表示农业产业强镇离散分布;数值接近1时,表示农业产业强镇随机分布。
3)地理探测器
地理探测器(geo detector,GD)是通过分析自变量和因变量的空间分布相似性来识别空间分层异质性,判断具有显著影响的因子进而解释其空间分布。地理探测器是不依赖于线性关系假设但能够探测复杂的非线性关系的统计学方法[31]。该方法中的因子探测能够识别因变量的空间分异是否显著及自变量对空间分异的贡献程度;交互探测器能够判断不同的自变量共同作用时对因变量的影响模式。本研究通过因子探测和交互探测探究不同影响因素对农业产业强镇空间分布的影响强度。
4)农业产业强镇影响因素指标选取
农业产业强镇是指在镇域范围内农业主导产业突出、产业链条完整、农民增收显著的农业乡镇,其批准建设和空间分布受资源禀赋和社会经济的共同影响。资源禀赋是农业产业强镇形成与发展的根基和起点,其决定某个地区适宜发展何种类型的农业产业;社会经济条件在自然基底之上推动助力产业强镇的后续发展,本研究主要分析社会经济因素类对农业产业强镇的驱动作用。根据农业农村部颁布的《农业农村部办公厅财政部办公厅关于农业产业强镇建设名单的通知》和农业产业强镇评选依据,结合农业产业强镇建设条件,综合考虑指标选取的代表性、科学性和可获取性,参考学者现有研究成果[11-12],选取社会经济类因素和指标,如表1所示。
从农业产业生产规模、社会经济发展水平、道路交通区位因素和政策支持4个方面构建9个二级指标体系。农业产业生产规模是农业产业强镇发展的重要动力,从耕地条件、农业机械化水平、农村劳动力数量和产业结构4方面选取耕地面积、农业机械化总动力、第一产业就业人数和农林牧渔业总产值4个指标。土地是农作物生长的物质基础,耕地面积的数量是影响作物产出的重要因素[32]。农业机械化水平的提高可以降低农业生产成本、提高生产效率[33],选用农业机械化总动力来表示。农业属于劳动密集型产业,农业劳动力的数量和质量可以推动农业生产的精细化和专业化[34],选取第一产业就业人数来表示。产业结构的协调性和多元化能够优化资源配置,推动农业生产提质增效[35]。农林牧渔业总产值是综合性的经济指标,反映农业产业结构的总体状况,农业产业强镇申报的主导产业涉及农、林、牧、渔等多方面,因此选取农林牧渔业总产值来表征。社会经济发展水平方面,从收入水平、财政支农和企业数量3方面选取农村居民人均可支配收入、地方财政农林水事务支出和农业产业化国家重点龙头企业3个指标。经济发展水平可以为农业产业强镇提供资金和设施环境等条件,农村居民人均可支配收入、地方财政农林水事务支出的高低直接影响农业产业的发展。农业龙头企业能够直接带动农业产业的发展[36],选用公布的农业产业化国家重点龙头企业来表示这一指标。区位因素方面,农产品具有易损坏、不耐储存的特性,需考虑市场需求[37]和地理位置条件,选取路网密度这一指标来分析交通情况。政策支持是推动农业产业发展的重要保障,选取政策文件中提及“农业产业强镇”数量来表示。
地形地貌和河流水系是农业产业发展的基础条件,农业产业强镇的发展和分布也受其所在的区域地理环境的制约。地形地貌构成了农业生产的重要自然基础,其海拔、坡度等空间特征对作物的生长发育及农业生产方式具有关键性影响。河流水系决定农业发展的可持续性,无论是种植还是加工,都离不开充足稳定的水源。从点位分布、地形关联和水系关联3个角度生成农业产业强镇空间分布图(图1),展示了农业产业强镇空间上与地形地貌、河流水系的耦合关系特征。
农业产业强镇在三大阶梯分布差异显著,由图1b可以看出强镇整体上大多分布在第三阶梯和第二阶梯中部及以南地带。第一阶梯中分布数量少且分散,主要沿昆仑山脉、祁连山脉零散分布在一、二阶梯的交界处,少数分布在第一阶梯南部,从申报主导产业类别来看以畜禽养殖类为主。第一阶梯内地形包含高原、高山、峡谷等,复杂多样,限制了农业生产规模,加之气温低、降水少等恶劣气候条件,进一步限制农业产业发展。第二阶梯呈现“西疏东密”的格局,西部的农业活动主要稀疏的分布在塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地边缘,得益于盆地周边相对肥沃的土壤和较丰富的水资源,加上充足的光照与大的昼夜温差,为作物生长提供了有利条件。与之形成鲜明对比的是黄土高原和四川盆地两个区域,集聚特征更为显著。农业产业强镇多集中在第三阶梯,该区域地势以平原和丘陵为主,宜于耕作和机械化生产,生产效率较高;地形平坦促进了交通基础设施的完善,使得农产品及深加工产品流通更为顺畅,运输成本降低的同时也提升了市场竞争力。
水资源是农业生产不可或缺的元素,直接影响农作物的生长和品质。中国的河流水系具有数量多、水量充沛、流程长以及类型丰富等特点,既为作物生长提供充足水源,其沉积作用还有助于改善土壤肥力。因此河流沿岸地区更容易形成农业集聚区,并逐步发展为一定规模的农业产业。通过将农业产业强镇分布图和河流水系图进行叠加分析(图1c),可以看出农业产业强镇的分布有明显的沿水系分布特征,在黄河流域和长江流域集聚特征更加显著,其中瓜果类和茶产类沿河流分布的特征最为明显,而在西部离河流越远的地方农业产业强镇的分布更稀疏。
利用ArcGIS10.8对2018—2024年农业产业强镇进行核密度分析,农业产业强镇核密度分布图如图2所示。农业产业强镇总体上形成以冀鲁豫、苏浙交界和川渝交界为主的高密度区,分别位于华北平原、长江中下游平原和四川盆地腹地,三处同为中国重要的农业生产区,资源禀赋优越、农业科技水平相对较高,因此农业产业强镇分布也较为聚集。以冀鲁豫交界、苏浙徽交界、湘鄂交界、川渝交界和两广交界为核心的次高密度分布区,且呈现典型的“多核连片”空间分布态势。
不同品类强镇核密度空间分布结果呈现明显差异。粮油类强镇数量最多(389个),呈“两核一带”的空间分布态势(图3a),即以川渝交界和黑龙江西南为核心,黄淮海区为带状区域,并向周边辐射,集聚于中国传统农业生产区,体现出对优越资源禀赋的高度依赖。
瓜果类(334个)包括水果类和坚果类等,整体呈现“局部高值,片状分散环绕”的分布特征(图3b)。高密度区集中于川渝交界和陕西中部,次密度区主要位于冀鲁中南地区。依托独特气候条件、全产业链优势及相关政策形成特色的水果产业带。畜禽养殖类包括传统畜禽、特种畜禽和加工产品。以冀鲁豫交界为中心呈“辐射状”分布(图3c)。冀鲁豫地区在养殖方面已形成较为成熟的发展模式,依托粮食主产区饲料资源与成熟的全产业体系形成集聚。蔬菜类强镇呈现“一极多片”格局(图3 d),以鲁豫地区为核心,多省交界及沿海地带多区域分布,凭借耕地、设施、区位优势和交通保障规模化供应。中药材类高密度区集中于皖赣的交界地带,并呈“辐射状”向周边扩散(图3e)。同时,滇西北、两广交界、晋豫交界等地也有集聚。凭借传统产区优势及高附加值产品形成集聚,体现其对生态环境和特色资源的依赖。
茶产类主要集中于东南及长江流域地区,呈“带状”分布(图3f)。湘、豫鄂交界带、皖赣交界带为高值区,依托适宜气候、土壤与深厚产业技术形成全产业链集聚。水产类呈现显著的沿海集聚特征(图3g),以江苏省为核心呈“辐射状”扩散至鲁、皖、鄂、湘、赣等。此外,东部沿海呈现不同程度的集聚特征,依托水域资源与区位交通形成“核心引领—区域扩散”的空间模式。草本花木类呈“两核一带、片状分散”的集聚态势(图3h),长三角地区为发展带、川渝交界和广西南部构成两大集聚核心,因气候和品种不同,区域差异明显。以菌类申报农业产业强镇的数量最少(60个),但整体呈现连片的集聚特点(图3i)。主要集中于湘豫和东北地区,依托适宜环境、技术扩散及“南菇北移”产业基础形成集群。
2018—2024中国农业产业强镇获批数量(表2)在省域尺度上差异显著(不含港澳台地区),山东(111个)、四川(105个)和河南(103个)获批数量位居前三,均为中国农业大省。凭借广袤的平原、优越的光热水土和肥沃土壤等农业资源禀赋,为农业产业强镇培育奠定了坚实基础。相比之下,北京、天津、上海和海南获批的产业强镇数量相对较少,7 a获批的数量在7~10之间。京津沪因城市化发展较快,农用资源相对稀缺且趋于碎片化,产业结构偏重二、三产业。7 a海南省总批准建设数量为10,虽然光热充足、降水充沛,但优质产品少、产业规模小、品牌影响力弱,加上台风、洪涝等自然灾害频繁发生,农业产业发展受限。
以全国31个省级行政区(不含港澳台)为研究对象,通过测算各地农业产业强镇最近邻指数和空间分布密度,将其空间格局分为稠密集聚型、一般集聚型、稀疏集聚型、稠密均匀型、一般均匀型和稀疏均匀型[38-39]
空间分布结果显示超过一半的省份呈现集聚特征,其中黑龙江省最近邻指数最小,强镇聚集在中部和南部地区且以粮油类产业为主。近年来黑龙江省粮食总产量稳定增长(2024年突破800亿kg),高标准农田建设和优良品种的培育为粮食增产提供了基础和保障。稀疏情况方面,藏、青、新、蒙密度小于0.01个/100 km2,这些地区大多位于高原地区或生态脆弱区,受气候变化复杂多样、耕地资源有限和水资源短缺等问题,限制农业产业的发展。密度大于0.04个/100 km2的区域有京、鄂、浙、粤、渝、闽、皖、豫、鲁、苏、津、沪。大多是农业大省和经济较发达的东南沿海省市,农业结构优化、农产品附加值提升及市场竞争力方面具有优势,农业产业发展潜力大。
综合来看,京、津、沪属于稠密均匀型,虽数量有限但空间发育程度较好,相对均衡地覆盖了市域内适合发展农业的主要区域,体现了资源约束下的均衡布局思路;鲁、豫、粤、苏、鄂、渝6个地区属于稠密集聚型,数量多、空间发育好,依托优越的自然条件,坚实的产业基础以及系统的空间规划,未来可以向提质增效方面转变;新、蒙、藏3个自治区呈现稀疏集聚型分布特征,这主要源于其广阔的地域、特殊的自然条件和独特的产业发展模式,在整体空间上看似“稀疏”,但仍围绕农业产业呈现局部集聚的特征。
参考相关研究成果,首先运用K均值聚类法对各指标进行离散化处理,通过地理探测器探究社会经济因素对农业产业强镇空间分布的影响,得到以下结果(图45)。
整体来看,各因子对农业产业强镇的空间分布影响存在明显差异,农业产业生产规模类因子整体解释力较强,从解释力来看,X4>X3>X2>X1,农林牧渔业总产值的解释力最高,是衡量农业生产规模和成果的重要指标,显示出其在提高农业生产水平、优化农业生产结构、提高农业竞争力的正向作用。第一产业就业人数(X3)、农业机械化总动力(X2)和耕地面积(X1)也有一定的解释力,分别通过人力保障、提高生产效率和质量、提供优质资源等方面为强镇建设提供支撑。总体来看,农业产业生产规模类因子主导了农业产业强镇的空间分异特征。社会经济发展水平因素方面,农业产业化龙头企业数(X7)对农业产业强镇的解释力最强,其在推动产业链升级、提升技术创新和带动农户增收等方面发挥关键作用。地方财政农林水事务支出(X6)能够为强镇建设中的农业基础设施建设及农业资源统筹优化利用等提供资金保障,有效改善农业生产条件。农村居民人均可支配收入(X5)的提高能够激励农民积极参与产业发展,同时吸引外资与人才流入,推动农业产业和二三产业的融合发展。
区位因素方面单因子解释力较弱,双因子交互效应显著增强,呈现出非线性和双因子增强趋势。其中农林牧渔业总产值(X4)和第一产业就业人数(X3)与区位因素的交互作用较强。区域路网密度的影响较为复杂,从3方面分析单因子受限的原因:一是不同农业品类对运输时效与成本要求各异,单因子无法适配。例如大宗粮食类产品侧重运输的成本和稳定性,而生鲜果蔬、畜禽产品更侧重运输的时效性。二是受资源禀赋制约,农业产业发展和交通条件存在非线性的耦合。例如西部地广人稀、农业产业布局相对分散,一定程度上会削弱单因子的直接影响。三是路网密度更多通过撬动其它中间要素间接发挥作用。
政策支持力度方面,政策文件提及次数(X9)单因子独立作用较弱,但交互效应远强于单因子表明其对空间布局的赋能作用高度依赖于其他要素的协同。其原因在于:单纯的政策文件数量难以反映执行深度与适配性;政策实施存在传导与落差,实际的实施和执行因地区、执行人和产业类别的差异而不同;区域发展差异决定了政策赋能需依托要素协同方能见效。其中农林牧渔业总产值(X4)与政策(X9)交互值最高,说明扎实的产业基础是政策有效发挥作用的关键,进一步凸显了政策因子与核心产业协同的必要性。
进一步对不同品类强镇影响因子解释力进行异质性分析,结果如图5所示,总体来看各影响因素的解释力在不同品类之间呈现显著的差异,反映出强镇形成机制的产业特异化。从共性特征来看农林牧渔业总产值(X4)在各品类产业中表现出较强的作用,尤其在瓜果、水产和草本花木类等产业中尤为突出,表明其作为农业生产规模的重要指标,在推动农业产业强镇建设中的作用至关重要,具有跨产业的普遍解释力。分类别进行分析,农业生产规模类因子展现出显著的产业异质性,对粮油、蔬菜和瓜果等传统大田作物的空间分异的解释力较强;然而对水产、草本花木和菌类等特色、设施类产业,该类因子对其的解释力有一定的限制性,反映出这些产业受耕地面积等条件的约束较小,逐渐从传统的“耕地+劳动力”模式逐步转向设施化、规模化、产业化发展。社会经济发展水平类因子在推动产业升级方面起重要的推动作用,其中农业产业化龙头企业数量(X7)在某些特色产业中的交互作用较高,成为连接产业和市场的关键纽带,对中药材、蔬菜、水产和菌类等高附加值产业的解释力显著高于单因子作用。区位因素和政策因素都呈现出显著的协同催化作用,其中路网密度对物流速度和市场需求较高的蔬菜、瓜果、畜禽养殖和茶产类等产业的交互作用更为显著,对粮油和草本花木类产业作用有限。政策因子在所有品类产业中的交互因子都高于单因子作用,尤其在蔬菜、中药材和茶产类等特色产业中作用更为显著,对农业产业空间集聚具有显著的催化作用。
综上,各类驱动因子的单因子作用及双因子交互作用对各品类强度既有共性又有差别,共性作用主要体现在农林牧渔业总产值和政策因子交互效应对各品类产业表现出较强的作用。因产业发展特异性,各品类强镇对影响因子的敏感度存在差异。以粮油类为代表的高度依赖资源禀赋条件、产业链相对较短的产业,其空间分异更多还是受耕地、机械化等基础条件的影响;以蔬菜、瓜果、菌类、草本花木类等技术密集度较高的产业受到生产、经济、政策和区位多要素的协同作用,多因子的交互作用形成更强的解释力;以茶产和中药材类为代表的“政策+产业化”驱动型产业,对政策支持、企业带动和区位条件等因子的依赖性较高;以水产和畜禽养殖类为代表的“资源+产业化”驱动型产业,受到特定资源资源、龙头企业和市场需求等多因子的敏感度更高。
发展建设农业产业强镇是赋能乡村振兴的重要举措,其核心在于“产业强”,产业强的关键在于立足本地实际,发展具有比较优势的主导产业,再通过产业融合、科技赋能、品牌引领等措施,提高农业产业的竞争力,激发乡村发展潜能。因此本文基于2018—2024年获批建设的农业产业强镇为研究对象,将申报的主导产业按品类细分,揭示各品类强镇集聚核心和分布特征,并探索了影响其空间分布的影响因素。
分布特征上,整体呈现“东北—西南”分布态势,各品类强镇分布以自然禀赋为前提条件呈现不同的集聚特征,这与杜能农业区位理论中“资源禀赋决定产业布局基底”和核心观点[40]相形成对话,杜能的农业区位论揭示了地租和距离对农业布局起一定的作用,但其前提将自然条件设置为均质。相比较下,本文所得到的“品类—资源”匹配现象更契合资源禀赋理论、比较优势理论和增长极理论的核心逻辑:农业产业的区域分布本质上源于各区域土壤、气候、水资源等自然禀赋的不可替代性,各品类产业强镇的空间格局正是资源适配性的空间映射。自然禀赋条件并非简单的资源供给,而是“产业需求和区域条件”的双向适配,进而影响不同品类强镇的空间分布基底。正如水产类强镇多集中于沿海区域,濒江临海的湿地和密集水网为海水、淡水养殖提供了不可替代的载体;茶产类强镇多集中于长江流域和湘鄂交界地区,酸性土壤和湿润气候适宜茶树的生长等。农业产业类型和自然要素的高度适配不仅是农业产业形成比较优势的前提,也是形成产业集聚、建设农业产业强镇的深层逻辑。
对比各类别强镇,剖析空间分异原因可以看出产业规模、经济发展水平、区位因素和政策因素对各品类强镇作用不一,农业产业生产规模因素和经济发展水平因素对各强镇的单因子解释力展现不同的作用程度,而区位因素和政策因素的单一因子作用受限,交互因子解释力更显著。主要因为前两者是产业强镇形成的基础性和独立性因素,主导产业的种养殖规模、产值等是建设强镇的核心指标,生产规模和资金的投入决定规模效应的释放以及基础设施供给能力,能够推动产业链上下游配套向乡镇集聚。而区位因素和政策因素是外生条件性因素,区位因素的效能释放以及政策的落地效果需要依托其它因素才能精准放大优势区域的集聚动能。而菌类产业强镇的影响因素均不显著,原因可能有3方面:一是样本量与空间尺度分析的匹配度不足;以菌类产业为主导产业申报强镇的数量较少,7 a总计为60,平均每年不足10个;二是菌类强镇的分布特点削弱了其区域显著性;核密度显示菌类强镇在部分区域密集,因子解释力被稀释;三是因子选取的针对性不足;菌类产业不同于粮油、蔬菜、瓜果等大宗农产品,菌类产业的特殊性决定其对微气候、原料供给等的依赖超过其他产业,文中选用的因子可能难以精准捕捉菌类生长所需的“局部条件”。通过对各因子驱动机制的分析可以发现,各品类强镇虽以资源禀赋为基础,但其发展成为“强镇”关键在于农业资源的高效利用和深度转化,而非资源禀赋或要素投入的简单叠加。结合不同品类强镇的发展差异,从空间布局优化、集聚效能提升和区域协同发展三维度给出相关建议:
1)立足自然禀赋,优化空间布局的适配性。粮油类强镇要以耕地资源和机械化水平为核心强化资源禀赋优势,保障粮食安全。茶产、中药材等特色产业强镇要依托区位条件和政策支持,打造区域特色集群带和区域品牌。蔬菜、瓜果、水产、畜禽养殖等多元驱动型产业强镇,要同步提升生产规模、培育龙头企业、完善物流配套等,推动生产—加工—销售一体化布局。
2)提升集聚效能,强化龙头带动与产业链延伸。对粮油、蔬菜等产业重点提升规模化和机械化水平,夯实生产基础;对于中药材、畜禽养殖和茶产等高附加值产业充分发挥龙头企业的纽带作用,增强集聚区的核心竞争力。对于水产和菌类等产业要完善仓储、冷链和物流等配套服务,推动由“初级生产”到“高附加值”转型。
3)打破空间限制,推动跨区域协同发展。依托区位与政策的交互作用,建立跨县、市、省的产业协同机制。对冀鲁豫畜禽养殖类、皖赣中药材类、湘豫菌类等跨省集聚区域,以集聚核心镇为枢纽,共建共享仓储物流和交易市场,推动核心强镇与辐射区域的优势互补。同时优化扶持方式,对中西部特色品类强镇加大技术推广与资金倾斜;对东部较发达地区侧重品牌培育和辐射带动作用,实现资源禀赋与产业类型的精准匹配。
本研究对不同主导产业类别的农业产业强镇进行划分,从宏观角度系统剖析全国农业产业强镇和各品类强镇在全国尺度和省域尺度上的空间集聚特征和稀疏情况。并在此基础上运用地理探测器分析不同品类强镇空间分布的影响因素和作用强度,对发展农业产业和助力乡村振兴具有一定的意义。囿于数据获取等多方因素,本研究存在一些不足,需要进一步完善。一是文中地理探测器分析时能够分析不同因素对农业产业强镇空间分布的整体作用,不能够揭示影响因素的空间异质性,有待深入研究其影响的空间异质性。二是本研究未深入分析微观乡镇层面强镇的产业协作机制及核心镇与周边乡镇的互动情况,后续研究会聚焦集聚区域深入剖析乡镇层面集聚的内在动力。三是在政策因素分析部分仅聚焦定性判断,未细化政策实施强度、实施时长、政策类型等量化指标,后续将细化政策指标,测算不同发展阶段强镇政策的影响系数。
本文以2018—2024年批准建设的农业产业强镇为研究对象,通过ArcGIS和地理探测等分析方法对不同品类强镇的空间分布特征和驱动因素进行分析。主要结论如下:
1)全国尺度上,农业产业强镇空间分布并不均衡,整体呈现“东北—西南”分布态势,东西部差异比南北差异更为显著。不同品类强镇空间分异特征差异较大,各品类呈现“品类适配区域、核心引领辐射”的分布特征。总体形成以冀鲁豫、苏浙交界和川渝交界为主的高密度区,呈现“多核连片”的分布态势。
2)省域尺度上,强镇数量最多的省份是山东、四川和河南。集散情况方面,17个省份呈现集聚特征。稀疏情况方面,偏西部的高海拔高纬度地区农业产业强镇分布较为稀疏。北京、天津和上海属于稠密均匀型,空间分布程度相对均衡。
3)农业产业强镇空间分布的差异受自然禀赋条件和社会经济投入的协同作用,农业产业生产规模中的农林牧渔业总产值解释力最强,区位因素和政策支持力度在与其他因素交互作用下展现更强的解释作用。

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2026年第42卷第12期
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doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202508072
  • 接收时间:2025-08-08
  • 首发时间:2026-08-20
  • 出版时间:2026-06-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-08
  • 修回日期:2026-01-26
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    1北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100080
    2滦南县人力资源和社会保障局,唐山 063000

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尤飞,博士,研究员,研究方向为农业区域发展。Email:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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