Article(id=1297211626063687939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, issueId=1297211624738284246, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202601033, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1767628800000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-06, revisedDate=1774022400000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1787208952679, onlineDateStr=2026-08-20, pubDate=1782748800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1787208952679, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1787208952679, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1787208952679, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1297211624738284246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, year='2026', volume='42', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='396', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782748800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1787208952364, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1787212261177, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1297225503002357852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, issueId=1297211624738284246, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1297225503002357853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, issueId=1297211624738284246, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=83, endPage=96, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1297211626235654404, articleId=1297211626063687939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, language=EN, title=Advances and prospects in technologies for loss reduction, yield increase, and quality improvement of mechanized rice ratooning system, columnId=1297211625698779863, journalTitle=Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, columnName=Agricultural Mechanization and Equipment Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Ratoon rice, defined as the production of a second crop from the stubbles remaining after harvest of the main crop, was increasingly promoted in China as a strategy to enhance annual grain yield on limited arable land without additional land preparation, sowing, or transplanting. With the rapid adoption of combine harvesters in major rice-growing regions, mechanized rice ratooning technology with the main crop harvested mechanically became the predominant method in ratoon rice. However, mechanical harvesting introduced critical constraints to ratoon crop. Track-induced crushing, excessive ground pressure, and unstable cutting height frequently caused stubble breakage and axillary bud injury, thereby reducing bud survival, suppressing ratoon tiller production, and compromising yield formation and milling quality in the ratoon crop. These mechanical damages emerged as a primary bottleneck limiting the stable and large-scale adoption of mechanized rice ratooning system. From an agricultural engineering perspective, this review systematically synthesized recent advances in understanding damage mechanisms and in developing technical strategies for loss mitigation, yield stabilization, and quality improvement in mechanized rice ratooning system, with emphasis on machinery optimization, varietal improvement, and integrated agronomic management. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that ground contact pressure and shear forces generated by harvester tracks disrupted stubble structural integrity, damaged vascular tissues, and impeded assimilate translocation to regenerated buds. Under high soil moisture conditions, increased sinkage and soil deformation amplified mechanical stress, substantially reducing bud sprouting rates within track zones compared with non-track areas. In crushed zones, ratoon development often shifted from upper-node buds to lower-node buds with delayed phenology, resulting in reduced canopy uniformity, decreased effective panicle number, and significant yield penalties. Delayed panicle emergence in track areas also led to asynchronous maturity within fields, thereby decreasing head rice rate and increasing variability in milling quality. To quantify mechanical damage, studies adopted indicators including missing-stubble rate, bud survival rate, ratoon tiller-to-panicle conversion rate, yield loss rate, head rice rate, and chalkiness-related parameters. Emerging technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing, machine vision, and in-field sensors were increasingly applied to identify track zones and characterize spatial heterogeneity of mechanical damage, although standardized evaluation protocols remain insufficient. Engineering innovations primarily targeted reductions in crushed area and crushing intensity, as well as improvements in stubble-height uniformity. Advances included lightweight chassis designs with reduced ground pressure, optimized track width and cutting width configurations, automatic header-height control based on multi-sensor perception systems, stubble-righting devices integrated with harvesters, and navigation-assisted path planning to minimize track overlap and headland damage. Although these technologies effectively mitigated mechanical impact and improved ratoon crop performance under experimental conditions, trade-offs among ground pressure, machine stability, fuel consumption, operational cost, and field adaptability limited widespread commercial application. Varietal differences in stem mechanical strength, ratooning ability, and non-structural carbohydrate reserves significantly influenced tolerance to mechanical harvesting stress. Evaluation metrics extended beyond ratoon yield to include bud survival rate, ratoon panicle number, stem morphological traits, and biomechanical properties. Although quantitative trait loci and candidate genes associated with ratooning ability and stem strength were reported, stable loci and deployable molecular markers specifically targeting crushing tolerance remain limited. Complementary agronomic practices, including skip-row planting, pre-harvest drainage to enhance soil bearing capacity, timely post-harvest nitrogen topdressing with balanced phosphorus and potassium inputs, and targeted rehabilitation of track zones, partially alleviated yield and quality losses. Overall, the accumulated evidence indicated that future progress in mechanized rice ratooning system depended on coordinated machine, variety, and agronomy integration, lightweight and intelligent harvester development, standardized damage evaluation systems, and digital monitoring platforms to ensure stable, scalable, and quality-oriented ratoon rice production.

, authors=Jinjuan ZHU1, Akang LIU2, Chen YANG1, Zhuangzhuang ZHAO3, Chanchan DU1, Guodong YANG1, Chang ZHENG4, Bo ZHOU5, Guozhong ZHANG3, Shaobing PENG1, Shen YUAN1, *, authorsList=Jinjuan ZHU, Akang LIU, Chen YANG, Zhuangzhuang ZHAO, Chanchan DU, Guodong YANG, Chang ZHENG, Bo ZHOU, Guozhong ZHANG, Shaobing PENG, Shen YUAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shen YUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1297211630534816011, articleId=1297211626063687939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, language=CN, title=机收再生稻减损增产提质技术研究进展与展望, columnId=1297211625841386201, journalTitle=农业工程学报, columnName=农业机械化与装备工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

再生稻以“一种两收”在有限耕地上提升周年产量,是保障中国粮食安全并推动农业绿色高质量发展的重要种植模式。再生稻头季机械化收获易造成稻桩折断和再生芽受损,已成为再生稻适度规模化扩展的关键瓶颈。该文从农业工程视角系统综述机收再生稻减损增产提质的研究进展,重点围绕装备、品种和栽培技术3个方面展开。在装备方面,总结低比压轻量化底盘、履带与割幅优化、自动割台高度控制、稻桩扶正装置及智能路径规划等技术进展,阐明其对降低碾压损伤和提升留桩一致性的作用。在品种方面,归纳不同品种在耐碾压性和再生力方面的差异,梳理以再生芽存活率、再生蘖数和茎秆力学性状为核心的评价指标及相关遗传研究进展。在栽培技术方面,重点总结预留机收行、收获期控水提升田间承载力、再生季精准养分管理和碾压区修复等配套措施,提出覆盖收前、收中与收后的综合减损增产提质思路。在此基础上,分析了当前机收再生稻在装备与农艺协同不足、区域适应性和评价标准体系薄弱、品种改良与技术推广滞后等方面面临的主要问题,并展望以轻量化与智能化装备升级、耐碾压与强再生力品种培育以及农机品种农艺一体化集成为核心的发展方向。该文旨在为机收再生稻减损增产提质技术的适度规模化、标准化和产业化应用提供参考。

, authors=朱金娟1, 刘阿康2, 杨晨1, 赵状状3, 杜缠缠1, 杨国栋1, 郑常4, 周波5, 张国忠3, 彭少兵1, 袁珅1, *, authorsList=朱金娟, 刘阿康, 杨晨, 赵状状, 杜缠缠, 杨国栋, 郑常, 周波, 张国忠, 彭少兵, 袁珅, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=袁珅, authorNote=

朱金娟,博士生,研究方向为再生稻高产栽培。Email:

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袁珅,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为水稻绿色高产高效栽培与可持续发展。Email:
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Rice Science, 2025, 32(2): 177-192., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1300032415402058422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211626063687939, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=108, rfOrder=160, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈正, 刘瀛弢, 贺德俊, 等. 中国高标准农田建设现状与发展趋势[J]. 农业工程学报, 2023, 39(18): 234-241., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1300032415464972983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211626063687939, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=108, rfOrder=161, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Zheng, LIU Yingtao, HE Dejun, et al. Current situation and development trend of well-facilitated farmland construction in China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2023, 39(18): 234-241. (in Chinese with English abstract)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1300032415532081848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211626063687939, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=109, rfOrder=162, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LU Y, GU K, SHEN Z, et al. Biochar implications for the engineering properties of soils: A review[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 888: 164185., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1300032415624356537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211626063687939, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=110, rfOrder=163, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=江苏大学. 一种固定轴双排扶桩齿式再生稻留桩扶正装置及收割机: 202310726719.2[P]. 2025-07-29., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1300032415683076794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211626063687939, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=111, rfOrder=164, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=凌琪涵, 孔发明, 宁强, 等. 基于无人机多光谱影像的水稻氮营养监测[J]. 农业工程学报, 2023, 39(13): 160-170., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1300032415750185659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211626063687939, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=111, rfOrder=165, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LING Qihan, KONG Faming, NING Qiang, et al. Rice nitrogen nutrition monitoring based on unmanned aerial vehicle multispectral image[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2023, 39(13): 160-170. (in Chinese with English abstract), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1300032415846654652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211626063687939, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=112, rfOrder=166, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘吉凯, 王伟强, 苏祥祥, 等. 基于无人机多光谱影像和机器学习的水稻产量与氮素利用率预测[J]. 农业工程学报, 2025, 41(20): 127-138., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1300032415922152125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211626063687939, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=112, rfOrder=167, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Jikai, WANG Weiqiang, SU Xiangxiang, et al. Prediction of rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency based on UAV multispectral imaging and machine learning[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2025, 41(20): 127-138. 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caption=Whole-process technologies to reduce losses and enhance yield and grain quality technologies in mechanized rice ratooning system[19,21,30-31,46,50,55,82,85], figureFileSmall=d/CxSgDapPu3XdE1/UVtnw==, figureFileBig=4NZVTkmpcHxNSiswXm0FRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1300032402974335503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211626063687939, language=CN, label=图3, caption=机收再生稻全过程减损增产提质技术[19,21,3031,46,50,55,82,85], figureFileSmall=d/CxSgDapPu3XdE1/UVtnw==, figureFileBig=4NZVTkmpcHxNSiswXm0FRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1300032403049832976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211626063687939, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Mechanical harvesting equipment and technologies for the main crop of ratoon rice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
装备/技术
Equipment or technology
特点
Features
田间减损增产提质表现
Field loss reduction and yield- and quality-increasing performance
参考文献
References
全喂入式再生稻收割机
Full-feeding ratoon rice combine harvester
采用高地隙四轮驱动底盘,离地间隙
≥600 mm,选用水田实心窄轮,轮宽125 mm
相较于常规收割机,碾压率降低27.5%,产量增加14.6%[45]
双通道喂入式再生稻收割机
Dual-channel feeding harvester for ratoon rice
由履带式底盘、割台、2套左右对称布置的脱粒清选装置和秸秆粉碎器、粮箱及动力与传动系统等组成;割幅3000 mm,底盘轨距
1500 mm,履带宽度400 mm,履带接地
长度1800 mm
直行碾压率为26.7%,较常规收割机降低16.2%;再生季产量为6.0 t·hm−2,较常规收割机增加23.9%[46]
头季稻机收蓄留再生稻的专用收割机
Specialized harvester for machine-harvested main crop of ratoon rice
割台包括切割机构、机架、偏移机构和升降机构;割幅为1.5 m,总质量120 kg,收割效率为400~534 m2·h−1,可在20 cm深度的水田中正常行走收割稻谷碾压率低于10%,较常规收割机降低35.0%;再生季产量为3.5 t·hm−2,较常规收割机增加27.3%,适用于川渝再生稻头季收获[47]
宽幅割台分层切割及其自适应控制技术
Techniques of wide and multilayer cutting and its adaptive control
割幅2600 mm,履带宽度350 mm;对双层切割器的相对位置、切割角度进行配置,实现对再生稻头季的分层切割(其中,上层切割器仅收获短茎秆穗头、下层切割器保证留茬高度);基于多传感器技术,开发了再生稻宽幅分层切割割台自适应控制系统搭载该割台收获机的直行碾压率为26.9%;再生季产量为6. 7 t·hm−2,较常规收割机增加21.1%[48]
稻桩扶正机
Rice stubble-righting machine
常规收割机收获再生稻头季后,再利用稻桩扶正机扶正稻桩扶正稻桩较不扶正增产7.0%~107.4%[16]
再生稻机收碾压稻茬扶正机
The righting machine for crushed stubble after mechanical harvesting of ratoon rice
在单层链排扶正装置的基础上,改进设计了一种双层链排扶正装置,并以高速乘坐式插秧机动力底盘为配套动力研制而成扶正成功率为55.0%,扶正有效率92.0%;相较于不扶正稻桩,再生季穗数增加18.2%,产量提升5.1%[49]
稻桩扶正装置
Righting device for rolled ratooning rice stubbles
以4 LZ-6.0多功能履带式收获机为载体,基于其履带宽度设计了一种偏心平行四连杆式再生稻留茬扶正装置及其离地高度灰色预测模糊PID控制器,在再生稻头季收获过程中能够实现机器收割扶正一体化作业,能够根据复杂田间地形的变化自动进行高度调节碾压区稻桩扶正率为85.5%,再生季产量为3.70 t·hm−2;碾压后未扶正区较未碾压区减产70.2%,扶正区较未扶正区的产量损失减少38.4%[50]
考虑作物倒伏状态和收获机粮仓容积限制的路径规划
Path planning of mechanical harvesting considering the lodging and grain bin capacity
同时考虑作物倒伏状态、碾压面积和收获机粮仓容积;由作业信息处理模块和作业路径规划模块组成,作业信息处理模块将农田边界、卸粮点位置、作物倒伏方向及面积、位置等信息转化成可处理的数据形式并传输给路径规划模块,然后由路径规划模块进行作业行方向划分、作业行遍历顺序寻优、转弯方式生成、碾压面积计算等,最终得到最优路径规划结果相较于回转式收获路径,碾压面积减少11.8%~27.2%,可使倒伏的机收头季稻增收1.6%~2.0%;使用电动无人履带式底盘对不同收获路径进行田间模拟收获试验,相较于传统牛耕往复式及回转式收获路径,碾压面积减少约11.2%~28.0%,路径长度减少约6.8%~23.5%[19]
), ArticleFig(id=1300032403116941841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211626063687939, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

再生稻头季机收装备/技术

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
装备/技术
Equipment or technology
特点
Features
田间减损增产提质表现
Field loss reduction and yield- and quality-increasing performance
参考文献
References
全喂入式再生稻收割机
Full-feeding ratoon rice combine harvester
采用高地隙四轮驱动底盘,离地间隙
≥600 mm,选用水田实心窄轮,轮宽125 mm
相较于常规收割机,碾压率降低27.5%,产量增加14.6%[45]
双通道喂入式再生稻收割机
Dual-channel feeding harvester for ratoon rice
由履带式底盘、割台、2套左右对称布置的脱粒清选装置和秸秆粉碎器、粮箱及动力与传动系统等组成;割幅3000 mm,底盘轨距
1500 mm,履带宽度400 mm,履带接地
长度1800 mm
直行碾压率为26.7%,较常规收割机降低16.2%;再生季产量为6.0 t·hm−2,较常规收割机增加23.9%[46]
头季稻机收蓄留再生稻的专用收割机
Specialized harvester for machine-harvested main crop of ratoon rice
割台包括切割机构、机架、偏移机构和升降机构;割幅为1.5 m,总质量120 kg,收割效率为400~534 m2·h−1,可在20 cm深度的水田中正常行走收割稻谷碾压率低于10%,较常规收割机降低35.0%;再生季产量为3.5 t·hm−2,较常规收割机增加27.3%,适用于川渝再生稻头季收获[47]
宽幅割台分层切割及其自适应控制技术
Techniques of wide and multilayer cutting and its adaptive control
割幅2600 mm,履带宽度350 mm;对双层切割器的相对位置、切割角度进行配置,实现对再生稻头季的分层切割(其中,上层切割器仅收获短茎秆穗头、下层切割器保证留茬高度);基于多传感器技术,开发了再生稻宽幅分层切割割台自适应控制系统搭载该割台收获机的直行碾压率为26.9%;再生季产量为6. 7 t·hm−2,较常规收割机增加21.1%[48]
稻桩扶正机
Rice stubble-righting machine
常规收割机收获再生稻头季后,再利用稻桩扶正机扶正稻桩扶正稻桩较不扶正增产7.0%~107.4%[16]
再生稻机收碾压稻茬扶正机
The righting machine for crushed stubble after mechanical harvesting of ratoon rice
在单层链排扶正装置的基础上,改进设计了一种双层链排扶正装置,并以高速乘坐式插秧机动力底盘为配套动力研制而成扶正成功率为55.0%,扶正有效率92.0%;相较于不扶正稻桩,再生季穗数增加18.2%,产量提升5.1%[49]
稻桩扶正装置
Righting device for rolled ratooning rice stubbles
以4 LZ-6.0多功能履带式收获机为载体,基于其履带宽度设计了一种偏心平行四连杆式再生稻留茬扶正装置及其离地高度灰色预测模糊PID控制器,在再生稻头季收获过程中能够实现机器收割扶正一体化作业,能够根据复杂田间地形的变化自动进行高度调节碾压区稻桩扶正率为85.5%,再生季产量为3.70 t·hm−2;碾压后未扶正区较未碾压区减产70.2%,扶正区较未扶正区的产量损失减少38.4%[50]
考虑作物倒伏状态和收获机粮仓容积限制的路径规划
Path planning of mechanical harvesting considering the lodging and grain bin capacity
同时考虑作物倒伏状态、碾压面积和收获机粮仓容积;由作业信息处理模块和作业路径规划模块组成,作业信息处理模块将农田边界、卸粮点位置、作物倒伏方向及面积、位置等信息转化成可处理的数据形式并传输给路径规划模块,然后由路径规划模块进行作业行方向划分、作业行遍历顺序寻优、转弯方式生成、碾压面积计算等,最终得到最优路径规划结果相较于回转式收获路径,碾压面积减少11.8%~27.2%,可使倒伏的机收头季稻增收1.6%~2.0%;使用电动无人履带式底盘对不同收获路径进行田间模拟收获试验,相较于传统牛耕往复式及回转式收获路径,碾压面积减少约11.2%~28.0%,路径长度减少约6.8%~23.5%[19]
), ArticleFig(id=1300032403192439314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211626063687939, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Rolling-resistance traits of varieties for mechanized rice ratooning system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区
Region
耐碾压品种
Rolling-resistance
varieties
再生季产量
Yields of the
ratoon crop/
(t·hm−2)
耐碾压性的定义
Definitions of rolling
resistance
与耐碾压性相关的性状
Traits associated with rolling resistance
参考文献
Reference
湖北省
黄冈市
碾压区再生季产量水平(产量越高,越耐
碾压)
农艺性状:再生季成熟期碾压区每穗颖花数高、粒重大、干物质积累量高
生理性状:头季灌浆结实期稻桩非结构性碳水化合物浓度和含量高
表型性状:头季灌浆结实期稻桩节间粗度、茎壁厚度高
力学性状:头季灌浆结实期稻桩弯曲力矩、抗折力高
[21]
丰两优香1号5.3
徽两优3415.2
两优63265.7
甬优49495.5
重庆市
永川区
品香优美珍5.2再生季产量水平(产量越高,越耐碾压)农艺性状:再生季成熟期再生力、有效穗数、干物质积累量高
力学性状:头季成熟期稻桩推阻力高
[67]
晶两优华占5.2
晶两优12125.4
勇两优荃晶丝苗5.7
徽两优8985.4
甬优49495.6
深两优58145.7
创两优丰占5.7
深两优11775.7
荃优华占5.8
荃优16065.4
隆两优华占5.1
玮两优86126.2
中再两优2号5.4
深两优粤禾丝苗5.9
Y两优1306.0
江西省
鹰潭市
玮两优86126.8耐碾压性=(非碾压区有效穗-碾压区有效穗)/非碾压区有效穗×100%(耐碾压性值越低,越耐碾压)农艺性状:再生季成熟期再生力高[68]
), ArticleFig(id=1300032403263742483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211626063687939, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

机收再生稻耐碾压品种特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区
Region
耐碾压品种
Rolling-resistance
varieties
再生季产量
Yields of the
ratoon crop/
(t·hm−2)
耐碾压性的定义
Definitions of rolling
resistance
与耐碾压性相关的性状
Traits associated with rolling resistance
参考文献
Reference
湖北省
黄冈市
碾压区再生季产量水平(产量越高,越耐
碾压)
农艺性状:再生季成熟期碾压区每穗颖花数高、粒重大、干物质积累量高
生理性状:头季灌浆结实期稻桩非结构性碳水化合物浓度和含量高
表型性状:头季灌浆结实期稻桩节间粗度、茎壁厚度高
力学性状:头季灌浆结实期稻桩弯曲力矩、抗折力高
[21]
丰两优香1号5.3
徽两优3415.2
两优63265.7
甬优49495.5
重庆市
永川区
品香优美珍5.2再生季产量水平(产量越高,越耐碾压)农艺性状:再生季成熟期再生力、有效穗数、干物质积累量高
力学性状:头季成熟期稻桩推阻力高
[67]
晶两优华占5.2
晶两优12125.4
勇两优荃晶丝苗5.7
徽两优8985.4
甬优49495.6
深两优58145.7
创两优丰占5.7
深两优11775.7
荃优华占5.8
荃优16065.4
隆两优华占5.1
玮两优86126.2
中再两优2号5.4
深两优粤禾丝苗5.9
Y两优1306.0
江西省
鹰潭市
玮两优86126.8耐碾压性=(非碾压区有效穗-碾压区有效穗)/非碾压区有效穗×100%(耐碾压性值越低,越耐碾压)农艺性状:再生季成熟期再生力高[68]
), ArticleFig(id=1300032403339239956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211626063687939, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Cultivation and management strategies to reduce harvest losses and enhance yield and grain quality in mechanized rice ratooning system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
管理措施
Management methods
具体操作/设计
Specific operations/design
田间减损增产提质表现
Field yield-loss reduction and yield- and
quality- increasing performance
参考文献
Reference
预留机收行
Skip-row planting
株距均为13.3 cm;常规行株距种植:30 cm的等行距;预留机收行种植:(60+30+30+60) cm的宽窄行配置,其中60 cm宽行为收割机走道,收割机直行碾压率为0种植密度较常规株行距种植降低33.3%,
头季仅减产4.8%,再生季增产4.6%
[30]
水分管理
Water management
重晒田处理(于头季齐穗后18~20 d开始排水晒田),头季收获时表层20 cm深度的土壤硬实度达15.72 kg·cm−2,较轻晒田(于头季齐穗后23~24 d开始排水晒田)提高42.9%~85.3%重晒田处理下,再生季产量达6.41 t·hm−2,较轻晒田增产9.4%[31]
养分管理
Nutrient management
头季机收当天叶面喷施氮肥(尿素溶液),设置0、1.0、3.0、5.0、7.0和9.0 kg·N·hm−2等6个氮肥梯度处理,每公顷尿素溶液喷洒量为20.0 L综合土壤地力和产量表现,碾压区和非碾压区叶面适宜施氮量分别为4.1 kg·N·hm−2,非碾压区为3.0 kg·N·hm−2[82]
再生季设置0、120和180 kg·N·hm−2
3个氮肥梯度处理
随着氮肥用量从0增至180 kg·N·hm−2,机收再生季减产率从22.4%降至13.2%,这主要是因为再生季增施氮肥提高了非碾压区边际效应,从而缓解了机收导致的再生季减产[83]
扶正稻桩
Rice stubble righting
头季机械收获后,人工扶正稻桩相较于不扶正稻桩,腋芽萌发总数增加72%、有效穗数增加72%、产量提高38%[84]
头季机械收获后,人工扶正稻桩相较于不扶正稻桩,有效穗数增加40.6%~103.5%,产量增加17.2%~58.9%[85]
), ArticleFig(id=1300032403414737429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211626063687939, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

机收再生稻减损增产提质栽培管理措施

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
管理措施
Management methods
具体操作/设计
Specific operations/design
田间减损增产提质表现
Field yield-loss reduction and yield- and
quality- increasing performance
参考文献
Reference
预留机收行
Skip-row planting
株距均为13.3 cm;常规行株距种植:30 cm的等行距;预留机收行种植:(60+30+30+60) cm的宽窄行配置,其中60 cm宽行为收割机走道,收割机直行碾压率为0种植密度较常规株行距种植降低33.3%,
头季仅减产4.8%,再生季增产4.6%
[30]
水分管理
Water management
重晒田处理(于头季齐穗后18~20 d开始排水晒田),头季收获时表层20 cm深度的土壤硬实度达15.72 kg·cm−2,较轻晒田(于头季齐穗后23~24 d开始排水晒田)提高42.9%~85.3%重晒田处理下,再生季产量达6.41 t·hm−2,较轻晒田增产9.4%[31]
养分管理
Nutrient management
头季机收当天叶面喷施氮肥(尿素溶液),设置0、1.0、3.0、5.0、7.0和9.0 kg·N·hm−2等6个氮肥梯度处理,每公顷尿素溶液喷洒量为20.0 L综合土壤地力和产量表现,碾压区和非碾压区叶面适宜施氮量分别为4.1 kg·N·hm−2,非碾压区为3.0 kg·N·hm−2[82]
再生季设置0、120和180 kg·N·hm−2
3个氮肥梯度处理
随着氮肥用量从0增至180 kg·N·hm−2,机收再生季减产率从22.4%降至13.2%,这主要是因为再生季增施氮肥提高了非碾压区边际效应,从而缓解了机收导致的再生季减产[83]
扶正稻桩
Rice stubble righting
头季机械收获后,人工扶正稻桩相较于不扶正稻桩,腋芽萌发总数增加72%、有效穗数增加72%、产量提高38%[84]
头季机械收获后,人工扶正稻桩相较于不扶正稻桩,有效穗数增加40.6%~103.5%,产量增加17.2%~58.9%[85]
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机收再生稻减损增产提质技术研究进展与展望
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朱金娟 1 , 刘阿康 2 , 杨晨 1 , 赵状状 3 , 杜缠缠 1 , 杨国栋 1 , 郑常 4 , 周波 5 , 张国忠 3 , 彭少兵 1 , 袁珅 1, *
农业工程学报 | 农业机械化与装备工程 2026,42(12): 83-96
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农业工程学报 |农业机械化与装备工程 2026 , 42 (12) : 83 -96
机收再生稻减损增产提质技术研究进展与展望
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朱金娟1 , 刘阿康2, 杨晨1, 赵状状3, 杜缠缠1, 杨国栋1, 郑常4, 周波5, 张国忠3, 彭少兵1, 袁珅1, *
作者信息
  • 1华中农业大学作物遗传改良全国重点实验室,湖北洪山实验室,农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,植物科学技术学院,武汉 430070
  • 2全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京 100125
  • 3华中农业大学工学院,农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉 430070
  • 4贵州大学农学院/水稻产业技术研究院,贵阳 550025
  • 5联合国粮食及农业组织亚洲及太平洋区域办事处,曼谷 10200
通讯作者:
袁珅,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为水稻绿色高产高效栽培与可持续发展。Email:
作者简介:

朱金娟,博士生,研究方向为再生稻高产栽培。Email:

Advances and prospects in technologies for loss reduction, yield increase, and quality improvement of mechanized rice ratooning system
Jinjuan ZHU1 , Akang LIU2, Chen YANG1, Zhuangzhuang ZHAO3, Chanchan DU1, Guodong YANG1, Chang ZHENG4, Bo ZHOU5, Guozhong ZHANG3, Shaobing PENG1, Shen YUAN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, MARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 2National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100125, China
  • 3MARA Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 4Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
  • 5FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok 10200, Thailand
出版时间: 2026-06-30 doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202601033
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再生稻以“一种两收”在有限耕地上提升周年产量,是保障中国粮食安全并推动农业绿色高质量发展的重要种植模式。再生稻头季机械化收获易造成稻桩折断和再生芽受损,已成为再生稻适度规模化扩展的关键瓶颈。该文从农业工程视角系统综述机收再生稻减损增产提质的研究进展,重点围绕装备、品种和栽培技术3个方面展开。在装备方面,总结低比压轻量化底盘、履带与割幅优化、自动割台高度控制、稻桩扶正装置及智能路径规划等技术进展,阐明其对降低碾压损伤和提升留桩一致性的作用。在品种方面,归纳不同品种在耐碾压性和再生力方面的差异,梳理以再生芽存活率、再生蘖数和茎秆力学性状为核心的评价指标及相关遗传研究进展。在栽培技术方面,重点总结预留机收行、收获期控水提升田间承载力、再生季精准养分管理和碾压区修复等配套措施,提出覆盖收前、收中与收后的综合减损增产提质思路。在此基础上,分析了当前机收再生稻在装备与农艺协同不足、区域适应性和评价标准体系薄弱、品种改良与技术推广滞后等方面面临的主要问题,并展望以轻量化与智能化装备升级、耐碾压与强再生力品种培育以及农机品种农艺一体化集成为核心的发展方向。该文旨在为机收再生稻减损增产提质技术的适度规模化、标准化和产业化应用提供参考。

再生稻  /  机械化收获  /  装备优化  /  品种改良  /  农机农艺协同

Ratoon rice, defined as the production of a second crop from the stubbles remaining after harvest of the main crop, was increasingly promoted in China as a strategy to enhance annual grain yield on limited arable land without additional land preparation, sowing, or transplanting. With the rapid adoption of combine harvesters in major rice-growing regions, mechanized rice ratooning technology with the main crop harvested mechanically became the predominant method in ratoon rice. However, mechanical harvesting introduced critical constraints to ratoon crop. Track-induced crushing, excessive ground pressure, and unstable cutting height frequently caused stubble breakage and axillary bud injury, thereby reducing bud survival, suppressing ratoon tiller production, and compromising yield formation and milling quality in the ratoon crop. These mechanical damages emerged as a primary bottleneck limiting the stable and large-scale adoption of mechanized rice ratooning system. From an agricultural engineering perspective, this review systematically synthesized recent advances in understanding damage mechanisms and in developing technical strategies for loss mitigation, yield stabilization, and quality improvement in mechanized rice ratooning system, with emphasis on machinery optimization, varietal improvement, and integrated agronomic management. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that ground contact pressure and shear forces generated by harvester tracks disrupted stubble structural integrity, damaged vascular tissues, and impeded assimilate translocation to regenerated buds. Under high soil moisture conditions, increased sinkage and soil deformation amplified mechanical stress, substantially reducing bud sprouting rates within track zones compared with non-track areas. In crushed zones, ratoon development often shifted from upper-node buds to lower-node buds with delayed phenology, resulting in reduced canopy uniformity, decreased effective panicle number, and significant yield penalties. Delayed panicle emergence in track areas also led to asynchronous maturity within fields, thereby decreasing head rice rate and increasing variability in milling quality. To quantify mechanical damage, studies adopted indicators including missing-stubble rate, bud survival rate, ratoon tiller-to-panicle conversion rate, yield loss rate, head rice rate, and chalkiness-related parameters. Emerging technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing, machine vision, and in-field sensors were increasingly applied to identify track zones and characterize spatial heterogeneity of mechanical damage, although standardized evaluation protocols remain insufficient. Engineering innovations primarily targeted reductions in crushed area and crushing intensity, as well as improvements in stubble-height uniformity. Advances included lightweight chassis designs with reduced ground pressure, optimized track width and cutting width configurations, automatic header-height control based on multi-sensor perception systems, stubble-righting devices integrated with harvesters, and navigation-assisted path planning to minimize track overlap and headland damage. Although these technologies effectively mitigated mechanical impact and improved ratoon crop performance under experimental conditions, trade-offs among ground pressure, machine stability, fuel consumption, operational cost, and field adaptability limited widespread commercial application. Varietal differences in stem mechanical strength, ratooning ability, and non-structural carbohydrate reserves significantly influenced tolerance to mechanical harvesting stress. Evaluation metrics extended beyond ratoon yield to include bud survival rate, ratoon panicle number, stem morphological traits, and biomechanical properties. Although quantitative trait loci and candidate genes associated with ratooning ability and stem strength were reported, stable loci and deployable molecular markers specifically targeting crushing tolerance remain limited. Complementary agronomic practices, including skip-row planting, pre-harvest drainage to enhance soil bearing capacity, timely post-harvest nitrogen topdressing with balanced phosphorus and potassium inputs, and targeted rehabilitation of track zones, partially alleviated yield and quality losses. Overall, the accumulated evidence indicated that future progress in mechanized rice ratooning system depended on coordinated machine, variety, and agronomy integration, lightweight and intelligent harvester development, standardized damage evaluation systems, and digital monitoring platforms to ensure stable, scalable, and quality-oriented ratoon rice production.

ratoon rice  /  mechanical harvesting  /  equipment optimization  /  variety improvement  /  machinery and agronomy integration
朱金娟, 刘阿康, 杨晨, 赵状状, 杜缠缠, 杨国栋, 郑常, 周波, 张国忠, 彭少兵, 袁珅. 机收再生稻减损增产提质技术研究进展与展望. 农业工程学报, 2026 , 42 (12) : 83 -96 . DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202601033
Jinjuan ZHU, Akang LIU, Chen YANG, Zhuangzhuang ZHAO, Chanchan DU, Guodong YANG, Chang ZHENG, Bo ZHOU, Guozhong ZHANG, Shaobing PENG, Shen YUAN. Advances and prospects in technologies for loss reduction, yield increase, and quality improvement of mechanized rice ratooning system[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2026 , 42 (12) : 83 -96 . DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202601033
再生稻是指在头季收获后利用稻桩休眠芽再次萌发、抽穗结实,从而实现“一种两收”的稻作制度[1]。通过收获频次的增加,再生稻凸显出在有限耕地上提高周年产出的制度优势,兼具节本增效和绿色生态效益,在中国粮食安全格局中占有重要地位[2-4]。2010年以来,随品种选育、农艺研究的深入,以及在头季机械化收获技术的普及、政策推动和市场需求的共同作用下,中国再生稻种植面积稳步增加[5-8]。农业农村部提出到2030年新增66.7万hm2再生稻,显示出国家层面对其发展的认可与高度重视[9-10]
再生稻全程机械化技术的普及,使其迎来新的发展机遇,同时也带来全新的工程难题。头季机收易造成稻桩折断、再生芽损伤,导致再生季产量和品质下降,机收碾压损伤已成为制约再生稻稳步发展的关键瓶颈[11-13]。本质上,农机装备、品种特性与栽培管理之间的耦合不当是造成再生稻碾压损伤的根本原因。针对这一问题,国内外学者在农机装备优化、作业控制、品种改良与栽培管理方面开展了大量探索,如采用低比压履带与轻量化底盘降低碾压压力,应用自动割台控制与路径规划提升作业一致性,尝试筛选和选育茎秆韧性强、耐碾压的品种,创新优化头季收获前控水排水和收获后湿润灌溉等栽培技术以促进再生芽恢复[14-21]。这些研究为再生稻机械化发展奠定了基础,但在再生稻机收碾压损伤机理清晰度、指标统一性和区域适应性等方面仍存在诸多研究空白与不足。
基于此,本文从农业工程视角系统梳理总结机收再生稻在装备、品种和栽培技术3个方面减损增产提质的研究进展与实践经验,重点在于阐明机收致损的作用链与关键机理,为构建可复现、可对比的损失评价指标体系提供依据;总结装备与作业控制技术的研发进展,凝练与接地比压、留桩控制和路径优化相关的适用参数;梳理耐碾压品种的表型指标与遗传改良方向,强调农机、农艺与品种协同的重要性;集成农机品种农艺一体化的栽培管理措施,提出从损伤预防、过程减损、收后补救的全链条技术路径;明确当前推广瓶颈与共性难题,提出面向标准化与产业化的研究方向。本文旨在构建机收减损增产提质的系统分析框架,为再生稻的理论研究、装备改进与工程实践提供参考。
从全球再生稻机械化发展看,不同国家和地区因田块规模和机械化基础不同,形成了差异化的发展路径。美国南部稻区是国外机收再生稻应用较早的代表区域,德州和路易斯安那州等地田块规模较大、机械化基础较好,头季稻长期采用收割机收获,相关研究主要围绕机械收获条件下的品种再生力、头季收获期、水肥管理和再生季产量和稻米品质形成等方面展开[22-24]。相比之下,印度、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、日本、巴西等国家的再生稻研究更多集中于品种适应性和栽培管理优化,针对机收碾压损伤、稻桩保护、碾压区修复和稻米品质稳定性的系统研究相对有限[25-29]。总体来看,国外机收再生稻研究为中国提供了有益参考,但由于田块规模、湿田条件、机械装备和生产组织方式差异较大,其技术模式难以直接照搬。
中国再生稻发展历史悠久,经历了西晋时期(约公元3世纪)的萌芽探索,20世纪30年代的科学研究起步,20世纪50~70年代的区域推广与技术积累以及20世纪80~90年代的杂交稻推动下的高峰发展的过程[13]图1)。但进入21世纪后,农村劳动力加速向非农产业转移,用工紧张与人工收割成本高企,使传统依赖人工收割的再生稻模式逐渐失去经济可行性,种植面积显著下降,全国总面积一度萎缩至不足33.3万hm2[17]。在这一背景下,机械收割成为再生稻持续发展的唯一出路。
与此同时,联合收割机在南方稻区的普及和配套管理措施的探索,为机械化再生稻的兴起创造了条件。在此背景下,2010年前后,华中地区率先开展再生稻头季机收试验与示范,并逐步集成了适应性机收再生稻高产高效栽培技术体系[6,30-31]。目前,全国机收再生稻种植面积已增长至约120万hm2,并呈稳步扩展趋势[17]。长江中游地区是核心产区,逐步向长江上游与华南拓展。总体来看,中国再生稻正处于由人工收割向机械化加速转型、由局部示范向规模化应用过渡的关键阶段。
再生稻由人工收割向机械收割的转型,是经济、技术、组织和政策多重因素共同驱动的结果。从经济层面看,劳动力短缺与人工成本高企,使头季人工收割逐渐失去效益;从技术层面看,联合收割机在南方稻区普及,为机收提供了可能;从组织层面看,农机合作社与跨区机收服务模式的发展,使分散小农能够以较低成本获得机收服务;从政策层面看,农机购置补贴和相关支持措施降低了机械化门槛[15,32-34]。多重因素共同作用,使头季机械收割逐步取代人工收割,成为再生稻的主流收获方式。
与人工收割相比,机械化作业在操作工艺上对栽培管理和农机装备提出了新要求。人工收割能够灵活调节留桩高度和作业路径,而机械收割依赖于割台控制、行走路线与田间承载力的精确匹配[15,18-19,35]。因此,收获前排水控湿以提高田面硬度、收割时保持割台高度稳定、合理规划作业路径以减少重复碾压、收获后及时修复碾压区并追施肥料,已成为机械化再生稻的重要配套措施。这一转变意味着再生稻的生产方式正由人工经验调节迈向机械控制与系统集成,农机农艺耦合的重要性显著增强。
尽管机收再生稻在面积扩展和技术应用方面取得了积极进展,但大规模发展仍受多方面制约[36-38]。首先,装备适配性不足,大多数联合收割机并非针对再生稻专门设计,履带比压偏高、割台控制精度有限,容易造成留桩高度不整齐和碾压损伤。其次,田间条件差异较大,田面平整度、排水能力与田块规模限制了机收作业的一致性与减损效果。第三,品种与机收技术协同不足,现有品种在茎秆韧性和耐碾压性方面差异明显,缺乏标准化的评价体系和针对性改良。第四,损失评价与标准体系尚未建立,不同地区研究采用的评价指标口径不统一,导致结果可比性差,技术阈值高、难以推广。第五,经济性与服务体系仍不完善,装备改装和应用成本高,作业风险分担、利益分享与责任机制不健全,机手培训和数字化辅助工具普及不足。
再生稻头季采用机械收获时,收割机履带碾压稻桩引发其破损,甚至折断(图2a2c)。这种物理损伤不仅直接伤害再生芽,更因破坏稻桩的输导组织而阻碍营养物质向再生芽转运,最终抑制其发育,甚至导致其死亡。近年来,关于履带碾压对再生稻再生季生长发育的影响已有较多研究。田间调查表明,在土壤湿润条件下,收割机履带产生的接地比压和剪切力导致稻桩受损和再生芽死亡,碾压区再生芽萌发率比非碾压区低39.7%~73.8%[31]。部分试验进一步发现,碾压强度与再生芽活力呈显著负相关关系,当接地比压超过一定阈值时,再生芽存活率急剧下降。同时,机械碾压还破坏土壤结构,导致孔隙度降低、渗透性减弱,从而削弱根系通气与养分供应能力[39]。这一系列作用表明,履带碾压通过机械压力、稻桩损伤和芽体死亡等环节相互作用,直接影响再生季的群体恢复与产量形成。
碾压区稻桩上部节位的再生芽易受直接机械损伤和营养供应不足而发育迟缓甚至死亡,导致再生季产量形成主要依赖靠近地面的下部节位再生芽,而非碾压区再生季产量仍主要来源于上部节位再生芽的生长发育(图2d2f)。由于下部节位再生芽的生育进程晚于上部节位再生芽,碾压区再生季生育进程晚于非碾压区,再生季群体整齐度随之下降[40]。因此,碾压区植株在再生季普遍表现出产量和品质的双重劣势。在产量方面,碾压区再生蘖和有效穗数显著低于非碾压区,由此导致的产量损失率可达43.0%~72.7%[31]。在品质方面,非碾压区再生季成熟收获时,碾压区尚未完全成熟,籽粒灌浆不充分、结实率下降,导致稻谷饱满度和整精米率明显降低[41]。品质测定结果表明,碾压区稻米的加工品质和外观品质均劣于非碾压区。其中,与非碾压区相比,碾压区糙米率、精米率和整精米率分别降低2.2、4.5和1.2个百分点[42]。这种同田块内碾压区和非碾压区间群体大小和生育进程差异不仅削弱了整体产量,还降低了商品稻米品质的稳定性与一致性。因此,碾压行损伤已成为制约机收再生稻产量与品质同步提升的重要瓶颈。
在损失量化方面,近年来形成了一系列指标与方法。例如,采用缺蔸率来衡量碾压对稻桩存活的影响;用再生芽存活率和再生蘖成穗率来衡量碾压对再生芽存活和生长发育的影响;用产量损失率来评估碾压对最终产量的影响;用整精米率、垩白粒率和垩白度变幅来评估碾压对稻米品质的影响[42]。传统方法主要依靠田间标记碾压区与非碾压区进行对比,而随着信息技术发展,无人机遥感、机器视觉和地面传感器等逐渐应用于碾压区识别与损失监测,能够在更大尺度和更短周期内获取空间分布信息,推动了损失评价由经验性、单点观测向系统化、信息化和定量化方向发展[43-44]。然而,目前不同研究在指标选择与计算口径上仍缺乏统一标准,跨区域和跨装备结果的可比性有限,亟需建立统一的规范与评价体系。
改良收割机,适应再生稻机械收获需减少碾压面积、减轻碾压程度和加强碾压后修复等特殊要求,是减轻头季稻桩损伤面积和程度、提高再生季产量的直接途径。近年来,华中农业大学、华南农业大学、江苏大学等多家单位研发了多款再生稻专用收割机,其主要特点和田间减损增产提质表现见表1
履带和割幅是影响收割机田间作业减损程度的首要因素。窄化履带宽度,可以直接减少碾压面积[51]。张国忠等[52]设计了一款走轮宽度为200 mm的再生稻割穗机,该收割机在田间的碾压率≤25.15%。杨禹锟等[45]研发了一款轮宽125 mm的全喂入式再生稻收割机,促使碾压率较400 mm宽履带式收割机降低27.5%,再生季产量增加14.6%(表1)。曾山等[53]研制了一款宽度为280 mm的三角履带式再生稻收割机,其在田间实际碾压率为31.7%,相比于550 mm宽履带式收割机降低了21.5%。周祖岳等[54]也设计了一款履带宽度为250 mm的全液压底盘履带式再生稻收割机,凭借窄碾压行和灵活转弯使田间综合碾压率降至16%。然而,根据动力性分析,在保持其他参数不变的情况下,履带宽度越小,接地比压和陷沉量越大,牵引力越小,因此履带宽度不能过小,否则导致稻桩受损程度更大,履带更易陷沉,以及可能由于牵引力不够导致底盘在田间原地打滑。此外,增宽割幅,可以通过减少行走次数间接减少整田碾压面积。付建伟等[46]将收割机割幅从常规的2 000~2300 mm拓宽至3000 mm,使头季机收时的直行碾压率降低16.2%,再生季增产23.9%。然而,割幅增宽会大幅增加机身重量,导致收割机起步、转向、制动更加困难,操控灵活性与安全性下降。割幅增宽还由于稻穗喂入量激增,对脱粒和清选系统提出更高的要求。同时,科研团队与企业研发了轻量化底盘和张紧压力可调的履带系统,使机具在湿田环境中仍具备较强的通过性和稳定性[55]。然而,低比压履带往往伴随机动性下降与油耗增加,且改装成本较高,这在一定程度上限制了其在农户和农机服务组织中的普及。
留桩高度直接关系到再生芽萌发与分蘖潜力[56-58]。在头季机械收割条件下,田面高度不一,收割机割台高度上下浮动,田间留桩高度差异显著,部分田块测得的变异系数高达26.4%,导致群体再生不均衡,表现为穗数不足和生育进程不同步。近年来,集成超声、激光和机器视觉等传感器的自动割台高度控制系统得到应用,能够实时感知田面高差,并通过电液或电控装置自动调节割台位置,从而保持留桩高度一致[59]表1)。田间试验表明,相比于传统PID控制割台留桩高度最大误差52 mm和平均相对误差10.7%,模糊PID控制条件下分别降低至25 mm和4.7%,显著提升再生芽萌发整齐度和群体结构均衡性[15]。然而,在泥泞地块、秸秆堆积或复杂地形下,传感器易受干扰,执行机构响应滞后也会降低控制精度,因此该技术在鲁棒性与适应性方面仍需进一步改进。
针对稻桩碾倒后灌水易腐烂而大幅减少再生芽存活的问题,扶正碾压行稻桩可以改善再生芽的通气与光照条件,减少稻桩腐烂,促进腋芽萌发。为提高扶正效率,不同科研团队研究开发了多种扶正装置,使受压桩体重新竖立,提升再生芽存活率[60-61]。例如,李慧龙等[62]设计了一款齿爪式稻桩扶正器,扶正成功率可达91.2%。刘君钰[50]设计了一种在再生稻头季收获过程中能够实现机器收割扶正一体化作业的再生稻扶茬装置,使扶正区产量的损失较未扶正区域减少38.4%(表1)。研究表明,采取扶正措施后,碾压区再生芽存活率可提高约8%~12%,再生季产量损失率下降约5个百分点。此外,还有学者通过改进模型,提升对碾压行的识别和定位精度,从而实现扶正机的自动导航[63-64]。但这些方法多处于试验与示范阶段,尚未在主流机型中实现标准化配置,其耐用性、操作便捷性和成本效益仍有待提高。
重复碾压和掉头作业是田间碾压区面积和稻桩损伤程度增大的重要原因。近年来,基于北斗或RTK的高精度导航系统逐渐应用于水稻收获作业,能够实现作业轨迹记录、路径重叠率计算和自动转向控制。部分研究提出了螺旋式、回字形和条带式等路径优化策略,降低路径重叠率和掉头区面积比例,从而显著减轻机械碾压损伤,提升作业效率与燃油利用率[65]。同时,收割机粮仓容积限制和卸粮点位置也对路径规划产生重要影响。针对这一问题,有研究提出了考虑粮仓容积约束的路径优化方案,与传统牛耕往复式和回转式收获路径相比,可使碾压面积减少约11.2%~28.0%,路径长度缩短约6.8%~23.5%[19]表1)。然而,在不规则田块和小规模分散地块中,路径规划算法的适应性不足,自动控制精度也受作业速度与地形复杂度影响,仍需通过结合人工干预与智能算法优化来提升实用性。
现有研究表明,不同水稻品种在机收条件下的减损增产提质表现差异显著(表2)。一些再生力较强、茎秆韧性好的品种如两优6326和玮两优8612等在碾压后仍能保持较高的再生芽存活率和再生蘖数,而部分品种则对机械应力极为敏感,表现为稻桩折断率高、再生芽死亡率增加和再生蘖缺失严重。这种差异不仅决定了机收再生稻的减损水平,也直接影响再生季的产量与品质。因此,品种耐碾压性已成为制约机收再生稻进一步推广的关键因素。近年来,部分地区通过对比试验筛选出一批耐碾压性较强的杂交稻组合,例如华中地区再生稻生产中应用的两优6326、甬优4949等杂交稻品种,其头季产量水平高于或与其他品种相当,再生季相比不耐碾压的低产品种显著提高42.1%[21,31,66]。总体来看,品种间耐碾压性差异大、稳定性不足,目前尚缺乏统一的系统评价与分级标准。
针对品种耐碾压性的评价,目前已形成了一些常用指标和方法(表2)。在田间试验中,再生季产量水平是最直接的评价指标。再生芽存活率、再生蘖数和再生力是决定品种最终耐碾压性的主要指标[31]。部分研究还从头季茎秆的物理特性和营养状态的角度引入节间粗度、茎壁厚度、弯曲力矩、抗折力、推阻力以及稻桩非结构性碳水化合物浓度和积累量等间接指标,以反映品种在碾压后的群体恢复能力[21,67-69]。在评价方法方面,既有通过人工模拟碾压的小区试验,也有利用联合收割机作业后形成的自然碾压区进行对照比较。随着无人机遥感和高通量表型技术的发展,部分学者开始尝试利用图像识别和光谱参数监测碾压区植株的恢复情况,从而为大规模品种筛选提供可能[7071]。总体而言,目前的评价体系已初步建立,但在指标统一性、试验重复性和跨地区可比性方面仍存在不足。
在遗传基础研究方面,关于再生芽萌发和再生力的遗传控制已有一定进展,但针对耐碾压性的研究仍处于起步阶段[7273]。目前报道的多数与再生力相关的数量性状位点(quantitative trait loci, QTL)效应值较小,稳定性不足,跨环境验证有限[74-77]。少数与芽萌发、根系活力和茎秆机械强度相关的候选基因已被初步发现,但尚未形成系统的功能基因资源库[78]。近年来,随着多组学技术的应用,部分研究开始从基因表达调控、激素信号通路和细胞壁合成相关基因等角度,探索植株对机械胁迫的响应机制[79-81]。这些研究为耐碾压性育种的分子设计提供了潜在靶点,但距离实际应用仍存在较大差距。
田间栽培管理措施是保障再生稻生长发育对温光水气等资源的需求基础。机收再生稻更是可以通过配套的栽培管理措施来减少碾压带来的产量损失,主要减损增产提质措施及其具体操作和田间表现见表3
预留机收行是规避碾压稻桩、实现机械化与栽培管理协同的重要措施。在移栽阶段按比例预留收割机通行通道,可使机具集中沿固定轨迹作业,避免随机碾压,从而显著降低碾压区面积比例(表3)。试验结果表明,与常规行株距种植相比,预留机收行在种植密度降低33.3%的情况下,头季产量仅下降4.8%,而再生季产量却提高了4.6%[30]。研究还发现,株行距优化与预留机收行具有协同效应。紧凑株型品种结合适度加宽行距,不仅能够维持群体生产力,还为机械作业预留了操作空间。此外,预留机收行技术可与精准播栽及无人机辅助管理相结合,进一步提升田间管理的精准度与灵活性。需要指出的是,尽管预留机收行在一定程度上可通过边际效应补偿部分产量损失,但其减少有效种植面积、降低土地利用效率而导致头季产量降低的问题仍不可忽视。如何在机具作业效率与高产稳产之间实现平衡,仍是该技术推广应用的关键挑战。
田间水分状况直接决定了土壤承载力与机械碾压损伤程度,是机收再生稻能否实现稳定减损增产的关键因素(表3)。研究表明,在湿田条件下,履带比压作用引起的沉陷与剪切破坏显著加剧,再生芽受损率较正常条件提高20%以上[31]。通过在头季齐穗后约21 d开始排水晒田,并配合开沟排涝或局部暗管排水等措施,可显著改善土壤硬实度。与轻晒田相比,重晒田处理下头季收获时表层20 cm土壤硬实度提升42.9%~85.3%,从而明显提高碾压区再生芽成活率[31]。华中地区试验结果显示,进行头季齐穗后重晒田的田块,再生季产量较轻晒田平均提高9.4%。在轻晒田条件下,机械收获较人工收获的再生季产量损失率为16.3%,而在重晒田条件下仅为3.4%。然而,过度晒田可能导致再生芽缺水死亡,从而降低再生季产量。近年来,部分研究探索了智能排水与传感监测相结合的模式,通过实时监测土壤含水量与承载力指数,在收获前实施精准排水调控,从而在保障水分供应的同时增强田间承载力[86]。这些进展表明,头季灌浆期的水分管理正逐步由经验操作向精准调控转变,但在小田块和排灌条件不足的区域仍面临推广难题,亟需形成可复制、可推广的区域化实施模式。
头季机收后,稻桩受损与再生芽减少使再生季群体更依赖合理的养分供应(表3)。稻桩碾压受损,茎秆中营养物质转运受阻,上部节位再生芽恢复较慢,下部节位再生芽主要从土壤中吸收营养物质,氮、磷、钾肥的调控对再生蘖生长与籽粒灌浆尤为关键。试验结果显示,收割后3~5 d追施速效氮肥可使再生穗数增加10%以上,配施适量磷钾肥可提高结实率和千粒重[87]。同时,采用缓释或控释肥可实现养分的长效供应,减少氮素损失[88]
收获过程中碾压区的形成不可避免,但其损伤具有一定可逆性。研究表明,及时采取修复措施可部分恢复再生芽活力与群体结构。如扶正稻桩使受碾压再生芽获得良好通气与光照条件,从而提高存活率(表3)。田间试验显示,人工扶正碾压行稻桩促进腋芽萌发,再生芽萌发数平均增幅达72.0%,再生季平均增产38.0%[84]。同时,部分研究探索了在碾压区喷施植物生长调节剂、补施速效氮肥(如磷酸二氢钾配合“九二0”赤霉素),可以促进被碾压稻桩再生穗早熟和结实[82,8990]。这些措施为碾压区损伤的补救提供了多样化途径,但在大面积推广中,其操作便捷性与成本效益仍需进一步验证与优化。
在装备改进的基础上,在损伤预防、过程减损、收后补救全过程进行农机与农艺融合被视为实现机收减损增产提质的关键途径(图3)。近年来,一些研究提出了专用收割机、预留机收行、合理留桩高度和耐碾压品种相结合的综合模式。通过在头季移栽时预留机收走道、优化行距配置,并在收割环节结合装备改造与路径优化,可显著减少碾压面积与再生芽损伤[91]。研究表明,与常规行株距种植相比,预留机收行种植的再生季整精米率提高了2.8个百分点,同时整精米产量提高了9.2%[30]。但农机农艺融合的实施需要充分考虑区域田块条件、种植制度、机具水平与生产成本,当前仍缺乏成熟的区域化标准与成套技术体系。
尽管近年来再生稻机收减损与稳产增效技术不断推进,但在大面积应用中仍面临结构性与系统性约束,涉及技术匹配、区域适应、遗传改良、产业衔接及组织推广等多个层面。多因素交织叠加,使再生稻由技术示范走向规模化、稳定化增效仍存在现实障碍。
当前机收再生稻的首要瓶颈在于专用收割机的研发滞后及农艺配套不足。多数通用型联合收割机底盘自重大、履带结构与张紧方式不合理,在承载力偏低的田块中易形成比压峰值,导致沉陷与土壤剪切破坏,增加稻桩折断与再生芽损伤风险。同时,割台高度控制在地表起伏、秸秆堆积及水面反射干扰下易出现测距误差与执行滞后,导致留桩高度变异增加,降低再生季群体整齐度。此外,预留机收行与行株距配置往往未与机具幅宽和回转半径匹配,播栽阶段的减损措施难以在收割环节兑现,形成农机与农艺的结构性错位。
作业窗口条件与收割机调参逻辑的不匹配进一步加剧了矛盾。尽管收前控水排水能提升承载力,但在成熟期多雨年份,湿田收割不可避免。此时,低比压履带、路径优化与地头控制的综合效应才是关键。然而现有机型缺乏面向作业场景的一体化联动调控模式,割台响应、速度上限与路径重叠控制难以同步优化,导致作业一致性不足。总体而言,缺乏以作业场景为中心的装备、田块与参数协同设计,是农机与农艺难以高效耦合的关键原因。
再生稻种植区域横跨长江上、中、下游及华南多个生态区,积温、水热、土壤与田块形态差异显著,导致技术模式在不同区域表现差异明显[92]。例如,在不规则小田块中,自动导航转角误差累积,重复碾压难以有效降低[93];而预留机收行在大田块中表现良好,在碎片化地块中可能压缩有效种植面积,削弱边际减损效益。
区域适应性不足还与基础设施和组织模式相关。排灌完善、田面平整区域可通过控水与低比压履带实现稳产;而在低洼渗漏区域,土壤承载力提升有限,只能依赖装备端优化。当前缺乏跨区域数据库量化土壤硬度阈值、机械参数与减损率之间的关系,技术推广多依赖经验迁移,难以形成科学的本地化决策依据。
耐碾压、强再生力虽已成为重要目标性状,但尚未形成系统化育种框架[94]。在材料创制与早代筛选中,相关性状仍以辅助评价为主,缺乏刚性选择指标。尽管部分与腋芽发生和茎秆机械强度相关基因被报道,但多数效应微弱且环境敏感,跨环境稳定位点和可部署标记尚未形成[9596]。高通量表型技术虽提升了筛选效率,但多环境训练样本不足,限制了基因组选择模型的预测力与可迁移性。
更为突出的问题在于耐碾压性评价体系缺失。机械参数(接地比压、留桩一致性、路径重叠率、掉头区比例)与生物学指标(稻桩折断率、再生芽存活率、再生穗数)之间缺乏系统关联,试验点之间难以整合可比数据。由此,育种单位难以将耐碾压性纳入主选目标,制约了良性育种循环的形成。
机收致损不仅降低再生稻再生季产量,也削弱稻米品质稳定性。碾压区植株恢复滞后与灌浆不足,导致整精米率下降、垩白粒与碎米增加[97]。再生季籽粒灌浆过程本就依赖后期温光与水肥管理,与碾压损伤叠加后品质波动进一步放大。目前从田间到烘干、仓储与加工的全链条质量控制尚未形成针对再生稻特点的专门体系,碾压区与非碾压区混收混贮,烘干工艺未分区调控,进一步加剧品质不稳定问题。
机收减损增产提质技术要求播栽、收割与管理全流程协同,但服务体系分散。播栽主体、收割服务队与田间管理团队分属不同主体,作业质量难以有效保证。在按面积或时间计费的模式下,机手为提高单位时间收益,往往提高行进速度、减少调参与压缩转弯缓冲时间,客观上增加了路径重叠与碾压强度,加大留桩高度变异与再生芽损伤风险,影响头季减损与再生季稳产。机收质量与收益分配脱节,是推广体系中的重要挑战。
同时,培训与数据化工具不足也制约了质量提升。湿田作业条件下,速度、重叠率与转弯半径需协同调控,割台高度需动态校准,碾压区需早期识别与补救,这些均依赖数据支撑与规范化操作。然而多数地区机手仍以经验为主,缺乏作业数据记录与反馈机制,难以形成田间作业、效果反馈和操作修正的闭环管理。在缺乏可量化收益验证与操作辅助的情况下,新技术推广动力不足。
面向再生稻机收减损与两季协同增效的需求,未来应从单点技术改良转向装备、品种与农艺全链条集成。通过事前预防、过程控制、事后补救协同,实现头季多收粮、再生季多产粮的综合收益最大化。
机收减损增产提质的核心瓶颈之一在于装备对湿田和脆弱稻桩的适应性不足。未来装备升级的主攻方向是轻量化与低比压[98]。采用高强度合金、复合材料和模块化结构减轻底盘重量,配合可展开式履带鞋、柔性护桩与导流装置,在不降低作业效率的前提下降低沉陷、剪切破坏与稻桩折断风险。针对连阴雨与湿田高频场景,可进一步研究探索分段/分步收获思路,在潮湿条件下优先以轻载方式完成摘穗,再通过轻量化或分步作业装备处理秸秆,以降低重载碾压对再生芽的伤害。
另一方面,推动智能化联动控制。融合激光雷达、毫米波雷达与机器视觉等多源感知,可在复杂地形与干扰条件下稳定识别桩高与地形差异,结合模型预测控制实现割台高度自适应调节,从而降低留桩高度变异[99100]。同时,智能导航与路径优化在边界复杂的地块中可减少重复碾压[101]。更关键的是形成面向作业场景的湿田模式,实现割台响应、速度上限、转向半径与重叠控制的联动,减少机手高压环境下频繁手动调参带来的作业不一致。
在装备改进之外,以智能决策为核心的作业策略创新与数字化管理,是实现机收减损增产提质的关键路径[102]。在策略层面,可通过固定机收走道将碾压限制在有限范围,保护非走道区域。进一步结合无人机或传感器形成的土壤承载力地图,实现路径规划与分区作业顺序优化(如优先收割高承载力区域,降低陷车风险),并与自动导航配合开展机群协同调度,系统性降低重叠碾压与地头损伤[103]。在执行层面,割台高度地图与自适应调台技术结合,可将留桩高度控制由点位调参提升至田块尺度目标控制,推动减损增产提质从依赖单机性能转向路径、顺序与参数的系统优化。
为实现闭环优化,智能监测与数字孪生技术可作为机收系统的“神经中枢”[104105]。“作业黑盒子”实时采集轨迹、割台高度与速度等关键参数,作业后生成质量报告与损失热图,为机手操作改进提供依据,也为保险理赔与政策补贴构建了可信数据。进一步构建融合承载力、再生芽节位分布、留桩高度、气象预报与实时作业参数的数字孪生田块,可在作业前模拟优化路径,在作业中监控纠偏,在作业后评估反馈。结合人工智能算法,有望实现对碾压与损伤风险的预测,推动管理从“事后修复”向“事前预警与实时调控”转变。
品种改良是机收减损增产提质的长期根本。未来应将耐碾压性与强再生力确立为再生稻育种的重要目标,并围绕可操作的性状体系开展改良。现有研究表明,头季灌浆期茎秆节间粗度、茎壁厚度、弯曲力矩和抗折力等与碾压后恢复密切相关[21,106]。随着多组学发展,腋芽发生、细胞壁加固和激素调控相关基因逐渐被解析,基因编辑与分子聚合有望成为定向改良的重要工具[107]
未来应通过多环境试验获取稻桩折断率、再生芽存活率与再生力等核心表型数据,并结合土壤承载力与机型比压等元数据,建立跨区域可迁移的选择模型与阈值标准。同时,可探索分区栽培与品种配置:在机收走道与地头等高风险区种植耐碾压品种,在田心区配置高产优质品种,实现风险区抗压保稳和核心区高产提质的功能互补。
未来发展趋势不在于单点突破,而是农机、品种与农艺的一体化集成。在农机层面,通过低比压履带、路径优化和割台智能控制降低直接损伤。在品种层面,通过选育耐碾压、强再生力品种增强群体恢复潜力。在农艺层面,通过控水排水、预留机收行、优化行株距与播栽模式为机械作业创造条件。三者协同,才能形成稳定的田间减损增产提质效应。推广过程中,应建立区域化集成模式,明确不同生态区的关键参数阈值与最佳组合。配合决策支持系统向机手与农户提供可执行的作业处方,并通过合作社与服务组织开展示范推广,将个体经验转化为区域规范。
在推广机制层面,应把可测的机收质量转化为可兑现的收益。建议建立以机收质量为核心的评价与激励体系,将割台高度稳定性、路径重叠率、作业速度区间等纳入质量分级标准,并通过作业数据记录实现可量化考核。在此基础上,探索质量分级付费、减损奖励或收益分成等模式,使机手收益与作业质量直接关联,引导作业行为由追求速度向追求质量转变。同时,结合示范对比与数据公开,强化高质量机收实现两季综合收益最大化的认知,促进头季减损与再生季增产的协同实现。
田间承载力不足是湿田机收损伤的直接诱因,因此田基改良是实现长期减损增产提质的重要基础。激光平地可削减微地形差异,配合暗沟排水与沟渠网络优化,改善排水性与承载力,降低陷车风险并改善割台高度控制条件,提升留桩整齐度[108]。与此同时,可结合区域条件发展材料改良与道床支撑措施。施入稻壳灰、生物炭等改良物提高表层抗剪强度与渗透性[109]。在高风险区域铺设秸秆道床、土工布或浅层格栅提供支撑层,分散机具压力。这些措施在基础设施不足或连阴雨频发地区尤为关键,应与机械和作业策略协同配置。
即便采取预防措施,碾压区仍难以完全避免,因此需要形成快速修复和精准补救结合的组合策略。传统人工扶正虽有效,但效率低、劳动强度大。近年来,研发出的收割机尾部联挂稻桩扶正与整形装置可实现边收边修,缩短恢复窗口[110]。与此同时,差异化养分补偿与生理调控逐渐发展。针对碾压区喷施植物生长调节剂并配合追施速效氮钾肥,可促进再生芽恢复与再生蘖形成。进一步结合无人机与地面机械的变量施肥技术,依据碾压区空间分布实现精准补救,提高资源利用效率并降低再生季减产风险[111112]
再生稻作为兼顾粮食安全、绿色高效和农民增收的重要水稻种植模式,其适度规模化发展高度依赖机械化收获的普及。然而,机收过程中履带碾压与割台不稳定造成的稻桩折断和再生芽损伤,仍是制约再生稻再生季产量与品质的关键因素。近年来,围绕再生稻机收致损机理及其减损路径,国内外学者从农机装备改良、耐碾压品种选育与农艺配套等方面开展了系统研究,并取得了一系列阶段性进展:低比压履带、智能割台和双通道喂入式收割机等装备改良有效降低了机械损伤和碾压强度;耐碾压与强再生力品种的筛选和培育逐步推进,着力提升稻桩抗压能力和再生潜力;控水排水、预留机收行、碾压区修复与精准养分调控等配套栽培措施在田间验证中表现出显著的增产和稳产效果。这些成果为机收再生稻的高效发展奠定了基础。
尽管如此,机收再生稻仍面临装备与农艺配套不足、区域适应性不强、品种改良滞后、产量与品质波动大、推广难度大等多重挑战,单点技术在局部示范中虽见成效,但在大面积推广中常受限于生态差异和制度条件。未来的发展方向应着重于装备轻量化与数智化升级、作业路径优化、智能监测与数字孪生田块构建、耐碾压与高再生力品种培育、农机品种农艺一体化集成、田基承载力提升以及事后精准补救等方面的系统协同。通过构建“前控、中减、后补”的全链条减损增产提质综合技术体系,机收再生稻必将在保障国家粮食安全、提高资源利用效率和推动农业绿色转型中发挥出更大的作用。

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2026年第42卷第12期
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doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202601033
  • 接收时间:2026-01-06
  • 首发时间:2026-08-20
  • 出版时间:2026-06-30
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-06
  • 修回日期:2026-03-21
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    1华中农业大学作物遗传改良全国重点实验室,湖北洪山实验室,农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,植物科学技术学院,武汉 430070
    2全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京 100125
    3华中农业大学工学院,农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉 430070
    4贵州大学农学院/水稻产业技术研究院,贵阳 550025
    5联合国粮食及农业组织亚洲及太平洋区域办事处,曼谷 10200

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袁珅,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为水稻绿色高产高效栽培与可持续发展。Email:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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