Article(id=1297211744322081292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, issueId=1297211624738284246, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202511017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762185600000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-04, revisedDate=1771948800000, revisedDateStr=2026-02-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1787208980875, onlineDateStr=2026-08-20, pubDate=1782748800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1787208980875, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1787208980875, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1787208980875, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1297211624738284246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, year='2026', volume='42', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='396', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782748800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1787208952364, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1787212261177, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1297225503002357852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, issueId=1297211624738284246, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1297225503002357853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, issueId=1297211624738284246, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=216, endPage=226, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1297211744720540173, articleId=1297211744322081292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, language=EN, title=Intelligent pruning recommendation model for fruit trees based on 3D canopy reconstruction and collaborative light-efficiency analysis, columnId=1297211683278189232, journalTitle=Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, columnName=Agricultural Information and Electrical Technologies, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Fruit-tree canopies are typically characterized by complex branching architecture and dense foliage, leading to severe self-occlusion, uneven light distribution, and low light-use efficiency. However, experience-driven decisions cannot fully meet the large-scale pruning of the standard canopy shapes and optimal regulation of tree vigor in the orchard. In this study, an intelligent pruning model was proposed to optimize the canopy structure reconstruction and light-efficiency evaluation using Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF). A reproducible, quantitative, and visualization-friendly workflow was also provided for canopy analysis and pruning under a real orchard. Qingcuili plum (Prunus salicina cv. ‘Qingcuili’) was selected as the target species. Multi-view videos were captured around each tree from multiple angles for sufficient coverage of the canopy under field lighting and background. A NeRF reconstruction was used to learn volumetric radiance and density fields from the video frames. A high-fidelity 3D representation of the tree was generated from the reconstructed structure. Branch topology and geometric descriptors (e.g., branch order, orientation, length, and spatial distribution) were extracted for decision-making. The Monte Carlo Ray Tracing (MCRT) module was integrated to simulate ray–canopy interactions. Both direct and diffuse radiation pathways were estimated to quantify light conditions in the 3D canopy space. Two indicators were computed: light interception ratio (LIR) to characterize the proportion of incident light intercepted by the canopy, and energy interception ratio (EIR) to reflect the effective energy under the simulated radiation field. A pruning recommendation model was constructed to fuse: (i) branch-classification and geometric features, and (ii) light-efficiency weights derived from the MCRT outputs. Candidate-branch suggestions were given for the improved canopy illumination with structural feasibility. In addition, a virtual interactive pruning system was developed to support human-in-the-loop validation, intuitive visualization of light distribution, and pruning effects before field implementation. The framework was validated on a dataset of 102 Qingcuili plum trees with diverse canopies and growth. The NeRF-based reconstruction was achieved with high accuracy, with an average reconstruction error of 4.3%, indicating reliable recovery of canopy structure under complex occlusion. The pruning recommendation performance reached 93.2% accuracy, compared with expert labelling. Pruning recommendations were consistent with practical knowledge. The optimal pruning strategy was applied to substantially improve the canopy light conditions. LIR and EIR increased by approximately 15.2% and 18.9%, respectively, indicating enhanced light interception and more effective energy capture. From a deployment perspective, the end-to-end system response time remained stable in 2.3 min using cloud GPU acceleration (NVIDIA V100), indicating favorable real-time applicability for decision support and interactive analysis. A canopy structure–light-efficiency optimization was integrated with NeRF 3D reconstruction, MCRT light simulation, and feature–weight fusion for intelligent pruning. The 3D canopy reconstruction and quantitative pruning improved the light-use efficiency and the precision of tree vigor regulation in a real orchard. The finding can provide a feasible technical pathway toward digital twins and smart pruning for fruit-tree production.
, authors=Xun ZHANG
1, Renpeng LIU
1, Jishu ZHENG
2, Bo FANG
3, Hongchun QU
4, *, authorsList=Xun ZHANG, Renpeng LIU, Jishu ZHENG, Bo FANG, Hongchun QU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hongchun QU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1297211748898066976, articleId=1297211744322081292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, language=CN, title=基于冠层三维重建与光效协同分析的果树智能剪枝推荐模型, columnId=1297211683441767090, journalTitle=农业工程学报, columnName=农业信息与电气技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
针对果树冠层结构复杂、树枝密集遮挡导致光能利用率低及传统修剪经验依赖强、不规范的问题,该研究提出一种基于神经辐射场的树体三维重建与光效协同优化的剪枝推荐模型。该研究以青脆李为研究对象,通过多角度视频采集和神经辐射场建模实现果树树体结构的高精度三维重建,提取枝条拓扑特征并结合蒙特卡洛光线追踪算法,模拟冠层光能分布并计算光拦截比与能量截获比。在此基础上构建基于枝条分类几何特征与光效权重融合的剪枝推荐模型,并开发虚拟交互修剪系统用于验证与可视化。结果表明:模型在102株青脆李树中验证,平均重建误差为4.3%,剪枝推荐准确率达93.2%,光拦截比提升15.2%,能量截获比提升18.9%,且在云端GPU(V100)支持下系统响应时间稳定在2.3 min以内,具备良好的通用性与实时性。该研究所提出的果树冠层结构–光效协同优化模型能够在真实场景下实现果树三维重建与智能剪枝推荐,有效提升光能利用效率与树势调控精度,为果树数字孪生与智慧修剪提供可行路径和技术支撑。
, authors=张勋
1, 刘仁鹏
1, 郑吉澍
2, 方波
3, 屈洪春
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Efficient three-dimensional reconstruction and skeleton extraction for intelligent pruning of fruit trees[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2024, 227: 109554., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1299828245868864491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828245877253100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, companyId=1299828245868864491, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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Flowchart of canopy light efficiency simulation and energy computation (MCRT), figureFileSmall=EbVxt1hAxfghdSfJ9Pk/jA==, figureFileBig=TfeXjuk2t+93OQYCBnzn5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828248385445916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
冠层光效模拟与能量计算(MCRT)流程图, figureFileSmall=EbVxt1hAxfghdSfJ9Pk/jA==, figureFileBig=TfeXjuk2t+93OQYCBnzn5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828248469331997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Flowchart of pruning recommendation iteration, figureFileSmall=SoVD712Hzgr6kv2oiMAa7A==, figureFileBig=+v/mn42jtd7sUQAgj6e1Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828248536440862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
剪枝推荐迭代优化流程图, figureFileSmall=SoVD712Hzgr6kv2oiMAa7A==, figureFileBig=+v/mn42jtd7sUQAgj6e1Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828248611938335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Visualization of NeRF-based plum tree canopy reconstruction, figureFileSmall=NZWtPbZE8ySgfDM/VGEDRA==, figureFileBig=xkJaycygv/nDlHDejGV0tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828248687435808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
基于NeRF的李树冠三维重建可视化, figureFileSmall=NZWtPbZE8ySgfDM/VGEDRA==, figureFileBig=xkJaycygv/nDlHDejGV0tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828248746156065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
3D visualization of branch classification for 12 plum trees, figureFileSmall=lFnbj5/3j0XHd63ijZRhIA==, figureFileBig=H3BGmwLCaHXzSXp10wBxpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828248834236450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
12棵李树枝条分类三维可视化注:黑色表示主干、红色表示一级枝、蓝色表示二级枝、绿色表示三级枝、橙色表示四级枝。
, figureFileSmall=lFnbj5/3j0XHd63ijZRhIA==, figureFileBig=H3BGmwLCaHXzSXp10wBxpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828248892956707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Visualization of the canopy light-efficiency analysis workflow: from 3D reconstruction and spatial discretization to ray-path simulation and light interception characterization, figureFileSmall=ORTFXXBwCi+qaCmnnlVPxw==, figureFileBig=qIVAB4zHY3CxLBGR0X3L3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828248964259876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
冠层光效分析流程可视化:从三维重建、空间离散到光线路径模拟与光截获表征, figureFileSmall=ORTFXXBwCi+qaCmnnlVPxw==, figureFileBig=qIVAB4zHY3CxLBGR0X3L3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828249073311781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Analysis of canopy light distribution characteristics, figureFileSmall=1PUp5i060NPCwcDShd7TRA==, figureFileBig=jngff/0R9QYyFHRrOU9Tsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828249136226342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
冠层光照分布特性分析, figureFileSmall=1PUp5i060NPCwcDShd7TRA==, figureFileBig=jngff/0R9QYyFHRrOU9Tsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828249190752295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Visualization of pruning types in 12 plum trees, figureFileSmall=4ZuYwxH/9f5fzh+yE8alhA==, figureFileBig=YO4xavz8KGJu9PXoIKjtzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828249245278248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
12棵李树枝条分类可视化注:绿色代表直立枝、蓝色代表下垂枝、紫色代表竞争枝、红色代表密集枝。
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User interface of plum tree canopy analysis and pruning simulation-recommendation system, figureFileSmall=27XYzuMI2sgLlkZyxjYhcw==, figureFileBig=IGQnsSlyRuIbto9x5zdTTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828249379495978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
李树冠层分析与剪枝模拟-推荐系统界面, figureFileSmall=27XYzuMI2sgLlkZyxjYhcw==, figureFileBig=IGQnsSlyRuIbto9x5zdTTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828249442410539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Mobile APP for pruning recommendation and cloud platform for pruning recommendation model, figureFileSmall=BpINRJOv+TXEBGa6FidPXQ==, figureFileBig=XDtpfbtZ9OoUDDbNg8BVDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828249501130796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
推荐剪枝小程序与模型服务云平台, figureFileSmall=BpINRJOv+TXEBGa6FidPXQ==, figureFileBig=XDtpfbtZ9OoUDDbNg8BVDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828249568239661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Comparisons on reconstruction accuracy for plum trees with various complexity in canopy structure
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冠高、冠幅、透光率 (Canopy height, canopy width, light transmittance) | 断点(枝)数量 Number of breakpoints | 提取时间 Extraction time/s | 补全时间 Completion time /s | 准确率 Accuracy /% | 相对误差 Relative error/% |
| (1.63, 1.55, 0.23) | 969 | 71.9 | 55.5 | 81.67 | 0.93 |
| (1.44, 1.56, 0.26) | 1009 | 78.5 | 69.6 | 82.68 | 0.89 |
| (1.57, 1.66, 0.28) | 1048 | 84.8 | 77.5 | 84.39 | 0.95 |
| (1.61, 1.44, 0.42) | 759 | 92.7 | 28.5 | 85.12 | 2.64 |
| (1.29, 1.38, 0.41) | 788 | 98.1 | 31.9 | 85.96 | 2.41 |
| (1.67, 1.45, 0.39) | 815 | 104.1 | 36.8 | 86.84 | 2.09 |
| (1.02, 1.33, 0.48) | 599 | 169.2 | 16.5 | 81.74 | 4.01 |
| (1.23, 1.26, 0.46) | 605 | 171.2 | 15.4 | 82.65 | 3.80 |
| (1.07, 1.24, 0.51) | 605 | 172.9 | 14.2 | 83.85 | 3.80 |
), ArticleFig(id=1299828249652125742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
不同树冠复杂度下精确度的比较
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冠高、冠幅、透光率 (Canopy height, canopy width, light transmittance) | 断点(枝)数量 Number of breakpoints | 提取时间 Extraction time/s | 补全时间 Completion time /s | 准确率 Accuracy /% | 相对误差 Relative error/% |
| (1.63, 1.55, 0.23) | 969 | 71.9 | 55.5 | 81.67 | 0.93 |
| (1.44, 1.56, 0.26) | 1009 | 78.5 | 69.6 | 82.68 | 0.89 |
| (1.57, 1.66, 0.28) | 1048 | 84.8 | 77.5 | 84.39 | 0.95 |
| (1.61, 1.44, 0.42) | 759 | 92.7 | 28.5 | 85.12 | 2.64 |
| (1.29, 1.38, 0.41) | 788 | 98.1 | 31.9 | 85.96 | 2.41 |
| (1.67, 1.45, 0.39) | 815 | 104.1 | 36.8 | 86.84 | 2.09 |
| (1.02, 1.33, 0.48) | 599 | 169.2 | 16.5 | 81.74 | 4.01 |
| (1.23, 1.26, 0.46) | 605 | 171.2 | 15.4 | 82.65 | 3.80 |
| (1.07, 1.24, 0.51) | 605 | 172.9 | 14.2 | 83.85 | 3.80 |
), ArticleFig(id=1299828249736011823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Effectiveness metrics of post-screening constraints
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样本ID Sample ID | 光效提升 Light-use efficiency improvement /% | 结果枝保留率 Fruit-bearing branch retention rate /% | 剪除强度 Pruning intensity/% | 是否满足上限 Upper-limit constraint satisfied |
注:其中结果枝保留率定义为最终未被模型建议剪除的结果枝数量占结果枝总数的比例。 Note: Fruiting-branch retention rate is defined as the percentage of fruiting branches not recommended for removal by the model relative to the total number of fruiting branches. |
| T01 | 15.8 | 96.7 | 14.8 | 是 |
| T02 | 16.9 | 95.8 | 16.5 | 是 |
| T03 | 17.6 | 95.1 | 18.0 | 是 |
| T04 | 18.3 | 94.4 | 19.6 | 是 |
| T05 | 18.9 | 93.7 | 20.8 | 是 |
| T06 | 19.4 | 93.1 | 21.7 | 是 |
| T07 | 20.1 | 92.4 | 22.8 | 是 |
| T08 | 21.0 | 91.8 | 24.1 | 是 |
| T09 | 18.7 | 94.0 | 20.2 | 是 |
| T10 | 19.2 | 93.4 | 21.1 | 是 |
| T11 | 17.9 | 94.8 | 18.9 | 是 |
| T12 | 22.0 | 91.2 | 24.7 | 是 |
), ArticleFig(id=1299828249807314992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211744322081292, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
后验约束筛选有效性指标
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样本ID Sample ID | 光效提升 Light-use efficiency improvement /% | 结果枝保留率 Fruit-bearing branch retention rate /% | 剪除强度 Pruning intensity/% | 是否满足上限 Upper-limit constraint satisfied |
注:其中结果枝保留率定义为最终未被模型建议剪除的结果枝数量占结果枝总数的比例。 Note: Fruiting-branch retention rate is defined as the percentage of fruiting branches not recommended for removal by the model relative to the total number of fruiting branches. |
| T01 | 15.8 | 96.7 | 14.8 | 是 |
| T02 | 16.9 | 95.8 | 16.5 | 是 |
| T03 | 17.6 | 95.1 | 18.0 | 是 |
| T04 | 18.3 | 94.4 | 19.6 | 是 |
| T05 | 18.9 | 93.7 | 20.8 | 是 |
| T06 | 19.4 | 93.1 | 21.7 | 是 |
| T07 | 20.1 | 92.4 | 22.8 | 是 |
| T08 | 21.0 | 91.8 | 24.1 | 是 |
| T09 | 18.7 | 94.0 | 20.2 | 是 |
| T10 | 19.2 | 93.4 | 21.1 | 是 |
| T11 | 17.9 | 94.8 | 18.9 | 是 |
| T12 | 22.0 | 91.2 | 24.7 | 是 |
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Comparisons on model performance for 3D reconstruction and light interception analysis methods
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对比指标 Comparison metric | 本文方法(视频+NeRF+骨架化+MCRT) Proposed method (video + NeRF + skeletonization + MCRT) | 传统 SfM/MVS Conventional SfM/MVS [36] | LiDAR 点云法 LiDAR point-cloud method [37] | 虚拟修剪/规则模型 Virtual pruning/rule-based model [8, 12] |
注:表中“细枝连接完整率”*等结构重建验证指标包含真实+合成对照(用于模块有效性验证);其余跨方法比较指标均基于真实树体统计。不同口径指标不作直接合并比较。 Note:Structural reconstruction verification indicators marked with an asterisk in the table, such as the "complete connection rate of fine branches", include both real and synthetic controls (for module effectiveness verification). All other cross-method comparison indicators are calculated based on real tree bodies. Indicators from different statistical calibers shall not be directly combined or compared. |
输入数据类型 Input data type | 多视角视频帧RGB,720~1 080 p | 单/双相机高分辨率 影像 | 激光扫描点云 | 手工参数或模板 |
重建精度 Reconstruction accuracy/cm | 1.25 ± 0.34 | 2.87 ± 0.91 | 0.95 ± 0.27 | — |
细枝连接完整率 Fine branch connectivity completeness */% | 85.96 (真实) / 88.80 (合成) | 67.42 | 93.12 | 70.15 |
| 平均峰值信噪比/结构相似性指数PSNR/SSIM | 28.6 / 0.932 | 22.3 / 0.871 | 31.1 / 0.945 | — |
单株建模响应时间 Model response time per tree/s | 122 ± 15 | 185 ± 30 | 290 ± 60 | 60 (手工) |
| 光能截获比Energy interception ratio EIR ↑/% | +18.4 vs 未剪枝 | +9.7 | +21.2 | +6.1 |
剪枝后光照均匀性 Post-pruning light uniformity ΔU/ % | +12.6 | +5.3 | +14.8 | +3.9 |
枝条分类准确率 / Kappa一致性 Branch classification accuracy/ Kappa agreement/% | 93.2 / 91.5 | 78.4 / 75.6 | 85.7 / 82.1 | 70.3 / 68.9 |
系统实时响应 Real-time system response/(帧·s-1) | 18~22 | 6~8 | 3~5 | 20(仅动画) |
总体评价 Overall evaluation | 平衡精度与工程性; 适合果园规模化应用 | 精度中等,速度慢 | 精度高,成本高 | 交互强,缺定量指标 |
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三维重建与光效分析方法性能对比
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对比指标 Comparison metric | 本文方法(视频+NeRF+骨架化+MCRT) Proposed method (video + NeRF + skeletonization + MCRT) | 传统 SfM/MVS Conventional SfM/MVS [36] | LiDAR 点云法 LiDAR point-cloud method [37] | 虚拟修剪/规则模型 Virtual pruning/rule-based model [8, 12] |
注:表中“细枝连接完整率”*等结构重建验证指标包含真实+合成对照(用于模块有效性验证);其余跨方法比较指标均基于真实树体统计。不同口径指标不作直接合并比较。 Note:Structural reconstruction verification indicators marked with an asterisk in the table, such as the "complete connection rate of fine branches", include both real and synthetic controls (for module effectiveness verification). All other cross-method comparison indicators are calculated based on real tree bodies. Indicators from different statistical calibers shall not be directly combined or compared. |
输入数据类型 Input data type | 多视角视频帧RGB,720~1 080 p | 单/双相机高分辨率 影像 | 激光扫描点云 | 手工参数或模板 |
重建精度 Reconstruction accuracy/cm | 1.25 ± 0.34 | 2.87 ± 0.91 | 0.95 ± 0.27 | — |
细枝连接完整率 Fine branch connectivity completeness */% | 85.96 (真实) / 88.80 (合成) | 67.42 | 93.12 | 70.15 |
| 平均峰值信噪比/结构相似性指数PSNR/SSIM | 28.6 / 0.932 | 22.3 / 0.871 | 31.1 / 0.945 | — |
单株建模响应时间 Model response time per tree/s | 122 ± 15 | 185 ± 30 | 290 ± 60 | 60 (手工) |
| 光能截获比Energy interception ratio EIR ↑/% | +18.4 vs 未剪枝 | +9.7 | +21.2 | +6.1 |
剪枝后光照均匀性 Post-pruning light uniformity ΔU/ % | +12.6 | +5.3 | +14.8 | +3.9 |
枝条分类准确率 / Kappa一致性 Branch classification accuracy/ Kappa agreement/% | 93.2 / 91.5 | 78.4 / 75.6 | 85.7 / 82.1 | 70.3 / 68.9 |
系统实时响应 Real-time system response/(帧·s-1) | 18~22 | 6~8 | 3~5 | 20(仅动画) |
总体评价 Overall evaluation | 平衡精度与工程性; 适合果园规模化应用 | 精度中等,速度慢 | 精度高,成本高 | 交互强,缺定量指标 |
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