Article(id=1297211798910948302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, issueId=1297211624738284246, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202511009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762099200000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-03, revisedDate=1776960000000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1787208993890, onlineDateStr=2026-08-20, pubDate=1782748800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1787208993890, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1787208993890, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1787208993890, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1297211624738284246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, year='2026', volume='42', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='396', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782748800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1787208952364, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1787212261177, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1297225503002357852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, issueId=1297211624738284246, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1297225503002357853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, issueId=1297211624738284246, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=249, endPage=257, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1297211800420897743, articleId=1297211798910948302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, language=EN, title=Automatic recognition and harvesting experiment of king oyster mushroom based on infrared array, columnId=1297211683278189232, journalTitle=Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, columnName=Agricultural Information and Electrical Technologies, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Accurate and rapid recognition is often required for the king oyster mushroom under dark and humid environments using machine vision. Particularly, the mushrooms can intertwine with mycelial networks after imaging. This study aims to accurately locate king oyster mushrooms under dark and damp environments. An identification framework of the king oyster mushroom was proposed using an infrared array. A test bench was established based on an infrared reflection module. Sensing distance and sensing space cross-sectional radius of the infrared reflection module were then measured under different electrical parameters. A numerical simulation was used to fit the relationship between electrical parameters and infrared sensing distances. A mathematical model was obtained for the infrared reflection under typical parameter conditions. The invisible infrared light was then visualized for mushroom identification, according to the sensing space model from the infrared reflection module. A detection gantry (including multiple linearly arranged infrared reflection modules) was placed over a tray. The tray moved at a constant speed. The output levels of the infrared reflection modules were sampled periodically by an STM32F103ZET6 controller. An information matrix was formed for the position and shape of the mushrooms within the tray area. The sensing information matrix was determined by the number of timed samplings and the infrared reflection modules. Simple matrix operations were performed on the single-connected regions with zero values in the sensing information matrix. According to the morphologies of the king oyster mushroom, a double-cylinder rotary harvester was designed to calculate the position coordinates of the mushroom's center point relative to the tray. A servo motor drove a reducer, thus causing two coaxially arranged hollow cylinders to rotate relative to each other. Six blades evenly distributed below the cylinders were used to cut the king oyster mushroom in a planar motion. The harvester was fixed to a vertically moving linear module. The motion axes were arranged on an execution gantry, thereby driving the horizontal and vertical movements of the harvester. A king oyster mushroom harvesting device was developed, where the detection and execution gantries were sequentially placed on the tray. Taking king oyster mushrooms as the targets, five symmetrically distributed feature positions on the tray were selected for the identification and harvesting experiments. A series of experiments was conducted to verify the device. The time to solve for the mushroom center point coordinates was 3.5-4.5 ms using the information matrix, which was significantly less than the 40-50 ms required for mushroom image processing using machine vision. The high efficiency of the identification was obtained using the infrared array. Meanwhile, the deviation between the inner hole of the harvester and the mushroom cap center was controlled within 1.5-4.0 mm after the harvester was positioned on the mushroom. This gap met the operational quality requirements of mushroom harvesting robots. The harvesting success rate reached 100%, indicating the high positioning accuracy of the motion axis. The king oyster mushroom identification was developed using typical infrared reflection modules, whose cost was only 1/20 of the mainstream machine vision products. The outstanding efficiency and economic advantages were achieved in the strongly interfering substrate and mycelial networks. The findings can also provide a technical pathway for the edible king oyster mushroom harvesting under complex backgrounds.

, authors=Yang LIU, Shixin XIANG, Mingqi LI, Ruijie BAO, Wei LUO, authorsList=Yang LIU, Shixin XIANG, Mingqi LI, Ruijie BAO, Wei LUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1297211802677433317, articleId=1297211798910948302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, language=CN, title=基于红外阵列的杏鲍菇自动识别及采摘试验, columnId=1297211683441767090, journalTitle=农业工程学报, columnName=农业信息与电气技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对阴暗潮湿环境中杏鲍菇与菌丝体网络交织共生导致视觉特征模糊、难以有效识别及采摘的问题,该研究提出基于红外阵列的杏鲍菇自动识别方法及采摘装置设计。首先,根据红外反射原理构建红外反射模块特性测试平台,系统探究不同电气参数条件下典型红外反射模块的感应空间分布规律,建立描述红外反射特性的数学模型;其次,采用线性阵列方式布设多个红外反射模块,通过定时采样输出信号,构建可表征托盘内杏鲍菇位置和形态的传感信息矩阵;随后,基于传感信息矩阵中单连通区域快速运算,解算杏鲍菇中心点相对于托盘的位置坐标。为验证该识别方法的有效性,设计了双筒回转式采摘器,并将其集成于杏鲍菇采摘装置中,开展多空间位置、多菌盖尺寸及多干扰背景的杏鲍菇识别及采摘试验。结果表明,基于信息矩阵求解杏鲍菇中心点坐标耗时3.5~4.5 ms,大幅低于机器视觉技术所需的40~50 ms;依据识别结果引导杏鲍菇采摘,采摘器内孔中心与杏鲍菇菌盖中心的偏差控制在1.5~4.0 mm,符合蘑菇采摘机器人作业质量标准(定位误差小于5 mm)。该方法基于典型红外反射模块开发,其硬件成本远低于主流机器视觉系统,在栽培基质与菌丝体构成的强干扰环境具备突出的效率优势和经济性,为解决复杂背景下杏鲍菇自动化采摘难题提供了一定的技术路径。

, authors=刘洋, 向世鑫, 李明奇, 鲍锐杰, 罗威, authorsList=刘洋, 向世鑫, 李明奇, 鲍锐杰, 罗威, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

刘洋,博士,副教授,研究方向为机器人系统设计。Email:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026 农业工程学报编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=4roRoQ9cVE4wwSqz+PKC7g==, magXml=cFC+60rlVVSEQyi/4SGM9w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=+4mFy1fHkrcaPIbnAeob6g==, pdfFileSize=3956550, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=WYcrthf5bov42hdieLukkQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=iieHn6vcC0NoAVNrIpiM9Q==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1299828258078487232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=liuyang@hunnu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1299828258145596098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, authorId=1299828258078487232, language=EN, stringName=Yang LIU, firstName=Yang, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1299828258275619523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, authorId=1299828258078487232, language=CN, stringName=刘洋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081, bio={"content":"

刘洋,博士,副教授,研究方向为机器人系统设计。Email:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

刘洋,博士,副教授,研究方向为机器人系统设计。Email:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1299828257998795452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258007184061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258011378366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081)])]), Author(id=1299828258351116997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1299828258439197383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, authorId=1299828258351116997, language=EN, stringName=Shixin XIANG, firstName=Shixin, middleName=null, lastName=XIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1299828258506306248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, authorId=1299828258351116997, language=CN, stringName=向世鑫, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1299828257998795452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258007184061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258011378366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081)])]), Author(id=1299828258602775242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1299828258703438540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, authorId=1299828258602775242, language=EN, stringName=Mingqi LI, firstName=Mingqi, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1299828258770547405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, authorId=1299828258602775242, language=CN, stringName=李明奇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1299828257998795452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258007184061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258011378366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081)])]), Author(id=1299828258846044879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1299828258925736657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, authorId=1299828258846044879, language=EN, stringName=Ruijie BAO, firstName=Ruijie, middleName=null, lastName=BAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1299828259005428434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, authorId=1299828258846044879, language=CN, stringName=鲍锐杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1299828257998795452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258007184061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258011378366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081)])]), Author(id=1299828259089314516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1299828259181589206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, authorId=1299828259089314516, language=EN, stringName=Wei LUO, firstName=Wei, middleName=null, lastName=LUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1299828259248698071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, authorId=1299828259089314516, language=CN, stringName=罗威, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1299828257998795452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258007184061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258011378366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1299828259399693016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=image recognition), Keyword(id=1299828259496162009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=algorithms), Keyword(id=1299828259563270874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=harvesting), Keyword(id=1299828259626185435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=end effector), Keyword(id=1299828259684905692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=infrared array), Keyword(id=1299828259756208861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=图像识别), Keyword(id=1299828259823317726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=算法), Keyword(id=1299828259903009503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=采摘), Keyword(id=1299828259965924064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=末端执行器), Keyword(id=1299828260024644321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=红外阵列)], refs=[Reference(id=1299828262084047610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEE B S, CHIN C S, SHARMA A. Survey of mushroom harvesting agricultural robots and systems design[J]. IEEE Transactions on AgriFood Electronics, 2024, 2(1): 59-80., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828262159545083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=甘颖, 陈杰, 曾兵, 等. 杏鲍菇新品种‘中农川杏1号’[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(S2): 181-182., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828262243431164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAN Ying, CHEN Jie, ZENG Bing, et al. A new pleurotus eryngii cultivar‘Zhongnong chuanxing 1’[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S2): 181-182. (in Chinese with English abstract), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828262310540029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MAVRIDIS P, MAVRIKIS N, MASTROGEORGIOU A, CHATZAKOS P. Low-cost, accurate robotic harvesting system for existing mushroom farms[C]//2023 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM), Seattle, WA, USA: IEEE, 2023: 144-149., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828262390231806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王风云, 吕向宇, 王轩宇, 等. 食用菌工厂空间约束下的机器人导航系统设计[J]. 农业工程学报, 2025, 41(20): 44-53., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828262474117887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Fengyun, LYU Xiangyu, WANG Xuanyu, et al. Design of a robot navigation system for edible fungus factory space constraints[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE), 2025, 41(20): 44-53. (in Chinese with English abstract), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828262553809664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡炼, 王志敏, 汪沛, 等. 基于激光感知的农业机器人定位系统[J]. 农业工程学报, 2023, 39(5): 1-7., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828262616724225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU Lian, WANG Zhimin. WANG Pei, et al. Agricultural robot positioning system based on laser sensing[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE), 2023, 39(5): 1-7. (in Chinese with English abstract), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828262700610306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO R F, LUO C S, ZHANG Q, et al. Deep learning-based phenotypic analysis and intelligent environmental control in edible mushrooms: Advances, challenges, and prospects[J]. Smart Agricultural Technology, 2025, 12: 101330., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828262755136259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵韦婷, 刘紫旭, 何曼曼, 等. 基于多模态双线性池化机制的蘑菇类别识别模型[J]. 农业工程学报, 2025, 41(20): 185-192., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828262826439428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Weiting, LIU Zixu, HE Manman, et al. Mushroom category recognition model based on multimodal bilinear pooling mechanism[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2025, 41(20): 185-192. (in Chinese with English abstract), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828262893548293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU S Y, ZHANG F Q, ZHAO P, et al. Morel (Morchella spp.) target recognition and size measurement based on machine vision[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2025, 229: 109823., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828262956462854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王明友, 王达, 宋卫东, 等. 菇类采摘机器人研究现状和展望[J]. 农业机械学报, 2024, 55(S1): 1-8., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828263040348935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Mingyou, WANG Da, SONG Weidong, et al. Current status and future prospects of mushroom harvesting robots[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2024, 55(S1): 1-8. (in Chinese with English abstract), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828263099069192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵明岩, 吴顺海, 李一欣, 等. 基于改进 YOLOv5s 的黑皮鸡枞菌检测方法[J]. 农业工程学报, 2023, 39(12): 265-274., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828263182955273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Mingyan, WU Shunhai, LI Yixin, et al. Improved YOLOv5s-based detection method for termitomyces albuminosus[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2023, 39(12): 265-274. (in Chinesewith English abstract) (in Chinese with English abstract), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828263250064138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨林, 曾大鑫, 边银丙, 等. 改进 YOLOv5 的香菇子实体生育期识别方法[J]. 农业工程学报, 2024, 40(9): 182-189., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828263321367307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG Lin, ZENG Daxin, BIAN Yinbing, et al. Recognizing fruiting body growth period of Lentinus edodes using improved YOLOv5[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2024, 40(9): 182-189. (in Chinese with English abstract), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828263480750860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王磊磊, 王斌, 李东晓, 等. 基于改进 YOLOv5 的菇房平菇目标检测与分类研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 2023, 39(17): 163-171., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828263543665421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Leilei, WANG Bin, LI Dongxiao, et al. Object detection and classification of pleurotus ostreatus using improved YOLOv5[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2023, 39(17): 163-171. (in Chinese with English abstract), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828263619162894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张瑞青, 刘攀, 陈文杰, 等. 基于改进 YOLOv8-Seg 模型的香菇子实体表型参数测量方法[J]. 农业工程学报, 2025, 41(23): 143-151., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828263682077455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Ruiqing, LIU Pan, CHEN Wenjie, et al. Measurement method for the phenotypic parameters of Lentinula edodes fruiting bodies based on improved YOLOv8-Seg model[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2025, 41(23): 143-151. (in Chinese with English abstract), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828263816295184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YUAN Q G, LIU W Z, LIU Y F, et al. A mycelium dataset with edge-precise annotation for semantic segmentation[J]. Scientific Data, 2025, 12: 2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828263900181265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡明玉, 夏雪, 杨晨雪, 等. 基于深度学习的半监督图像标注系统设计与实现[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2021, 26(5): 153-162., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828263971484434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU Mingyu, XIA Xue, YANG Chenxue, et al. Design and implementation of semi-supervised image labeling system based on deep learning[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2021, 26(5): 153-162. (in Chinese with English abstract), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828264051176211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CONG P, FENG H, LV K, et al. MYOLO: A lightweight fresh shiitake mushroom detection model based on YOLOv3[J]. Agriculture, 2023, 13(2): 392., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828264130867988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QI K K, YANG Z, FAN Y Y, et al. Detection and classification of Shiitake mushroom fruiting bodies based on Mamba YOLO[J]. Science Report, 2025, 15: 15214., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828264197976853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Z C, MIAO Y H, QIAO J H, et al. Real-time detection and robotic picking of stropharia rugoso-annulata using enhanced YOLOv11s[J]. Journal of Field Robotics, 2025, 43(3): 1905-1924., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828264281862934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=卢伟, 邹明萱, 施浩楠, 等. 基于YOLO v5-TL的褐菇采摘视觉识别-测量-定位技术[J]. 农业机械学报, 2022, 53(11): 341-348., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828264348971799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LU Wei, ZOU Mingxuan, SHI Haonan, et al. Technology of visual identification-measing-location for brown mushroom picking based on YOLO v5-TL[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2022, 53(11): 341-348. (in Chinese with English abstract), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828264411886360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=夏先飞, 贾磊, 张硕, 等. 果蔬采摘机器人研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 农业工程学报, 2026, 42(2): 14-28., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828264466412313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIA Xianfei, JIA Lei, ZHANG Shuo, et al. Current research status and development trends of fruit and vegetable harvesting robots[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2026, 42(2): 14-28. (in Chinese with English abstract), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828264537715482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KAUSHIK A, KAUR T, SHADAKSHARAPPA S H, et al. A comparative evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of an infrared sensor device with standard mounting procedure in completely edentulous patients: A pilot clinical study[J]. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2024, 132(5): 981.e1-981.e8., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828264604824347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG J Q, XIE Z M, LU G X, et al. An infrared photothermoelectric detector enabled by MXene and PEDOT: PSS composite for noncontact fingertip tracking[J/OL]. (2023-02-27)[2026-03-06].https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-022-00454-3., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828264667738908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=COMAI S, LAMBRUSCHI M, RAVASIO F, et al. Enhancing bed safety: monitoring sleeping positions, bed-exits, and falls using Grid-EYE infrared array sensors[C]//Proceedings of the International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence (UCAmI 2024). Belfast, Northern Ireland: Springer, 2024: 546-557., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828264739042077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU F, LEI B, FENG Y. Design and realization of a contact-less interaction system based on infrared reflection photoelectric detection array [EB/OL]. (2015-3-15) [2026-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2202904., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828264801956638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GENG C, SONG G K, LIN W, et al. Flexible photonic contactless human-machine interface based on visible-blind near-infrared organic photodetectors[J]. National Science Review, 2025, 12(9): nwaf303., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828264877454111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIAN Y L, JIA S W, YU H, et al. Band alignment semimetal heterojunction-based ultrabroadband photodetector for noncontact gesture interaction with low latency[J]. Advanced Materials, 2025, 37: 2404336., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828264961340192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国农业部. NY/T 2375—201中华人民共和国农业行业标准 食用菌生产技术规范[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2013., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828265036837665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAN R Q, ZHONG M, CHAI X J, et al. Design and development of a multi-stage variable stiffness flexible end-effector for selective harvesting of Agaricus bisporus[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2025, 230: 110815., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828265103946530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG M S, HE L, CHOI D, et al. Picking dynamic analysis for robotic harvesting of agaricus bisporus mushrooms[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2021, 185: 106145., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828265192026915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Z N, TAO K, YUAN J, et al. Design and experiment on mechanized batch harvesting of Shiitake mushrooms[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2024, 217: 108593., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828265275912996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KOIRALA B, KAFLE A, NGUYEN H C, et al. A hybrid three-finger gripper for automated harvesting of button mushrooms[J]. Actuators, 2024, 13(8): 28, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828265376576293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BUI N T, NGUYEN T M T, NGUYEN B L H, et al. Improved accuracy of optical distance sensor based on artificial neural network applied to real-time systems[J]. Measurement Science and Technology, 2022, 33: 075001., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828265456268070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VASANTH S, MUTHURAMALINGAM T, PRAKASH S S, et al. Experimental investigation of PWM laser standoff distance control for power diode based LBM[J]. Optics and Laser Technology, 2023, 158: 108916., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828265514988327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIANG J T, WANG L R, WU L, et al. Non-Dispersive infrared SF6 sensor with temperature compensation using ISSA_BP neural network[J]. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2024, 373: 115434., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828265632428840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HRUBý D, LUKÁš V, ĽUBOMÍR K, et al. Characteristics of distance errors of infrared sensor relation to colour surfaces[J]. Acta Technologica Agriculturae, 2022, 25(1): 40-46., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828265854726953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=林俊彬, 严俊杰, 韩星, 等. 基于全基因组重测序的杏鲍菇菌株遗传多样性与性状分析[J]. 西南农业学报, 2023, 36(11): 2311-2318., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828265926030122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIN Junbin, YAN Junjie, HAN Xing, et al. Population diversity and characterisitcs of Pleurotus eryngii strains based on whole genome resequencing[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 36(11): 2311-2318. (in Chinese with English abstract), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828265980556075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG L W, LI P, WANG T, et, al. Multi-area collision-free path planning and efficient task scheduling optimization for autonomous agricultural robots[J]. Scientific Reports, 2024, 14(1): 18347., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828266056053548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李晓, 李水琳, 钱琼秋, 等. 杏鲍菇天鸣1号引种和工厂化周年栽培[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2022, 63(12): 2840-2843., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828266248991533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国农业机械工业协会, 中国农业机械学会. T/CAAMM 286-2023双孢菇采摘机器人作业质量评价规范[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1299828266311906094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YIN H, YI W L, HU D M. Computer vision and machine learning applied in the mushroom industry: A critical review[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2022, 198: 107015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1299828257998795452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258007184061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258011378366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1299828260200805090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Infrared reflection module characteristictest bench, figureFileSmall=XvP+KFMYqmVRk5LUTFdYyg==, figureFileBig=OaztBw89LFYk8LeAfkcE8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828260272108259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=CN, label=图1, caption=红外反射模块特性试验台

1. 红外反射模块 2.支架 3.底座 4.挡光板 5.激光传感器 6.控制器

, figureFileSmall=XvP+KFMYqmVRk5LUTFdYyg==, figureFileBig=OaztBw89LFYk8LeAfkcE8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828260355994340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Relation between pulse width modulation(PWM) parameters and sensing distance, figureFileSmall=ocUNNQ57xggMqVa6Lj6skw==, figureFileBig=vBfjVUT8XAc4ZKIUhaOLcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828260427297509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=CN, label=图2, caption=PWM参数与感应距离关系, figureFileSmall=ocUNNQ57xggMqVa6Lj6skw==, figureFileBig=vBfjVUT8XAc4ZKIUhaOLcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828260481823462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Test on cross-sectional radius of infrared sensing space, figureFileSmall=NPS4UDGOp0MIC2hkjnDuLw==, figureFileBig=rA9j9ubdTl081zrDD9+eMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828260544738023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=CN, label=图3, caption=红外感应空间截面半径测定试验

注:S表示挡光板与红外反射模块的距离,mm;r表示遮光片的半径,mm。

, figureFileSmall=NPS4UDGOp0MIC2hkjnDuLw==, figureFileBig=rA9j9ubdTl081zrDD9+eMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828260624429800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Infrared reflection module sensing space, figureFileSmall=xYqBFhvt0nHSSYpnGZwEdw==, figureFileBig=tNopr1TQpeJ6PMJ6b//O5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828260695732969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=CN, label=图4, caption=红外反射模块感应空间

注:x,y分别表示沿红外光的距离和垂直红外光的距离,mm;

, figureFileSmall=xYqBFhvt0nHSSYpnGZwEdw==, figureFileBig=tNopr1TQpeJ6PMJ6b//O5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828260758647530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Detection principle of king oyster mushroom based on infrared array, figureFileSmall=Bia1j4jxsPFg2Y+VUeZy1Q==, figureFileBig=1yIBLs6zhq2fxy4/jtqOnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828260825756395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基于红外阵列的杏鲍菇检测原理

注:v为托盘平移速度,mm∙s−1

, figureFileSmall=Bia1j4jxsPFg2Y+VUeZy1Q==, figureFileBig=1yIBLs6zhq2fxy4/jtqOnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828260901253868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Sensor information matrix of tray area, figureFileSmall=pY963VKOomiQ30KjMh6ejg==, figureFileBig=cdfKobcmwcm3BZgGUmvWJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828260980945645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=CN, label=图6, caption=托盘区传感信息矩阵, figureFileSmall=pY963VKOomiQ30KjMh6ejg==, figureFileBig=cdfKobcmwcm3BZgGUmvWJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828261064831726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Flowchart for calculating the coordinates of the cap center, figureFileSmall=ZzPdfo8tvMc4U4yBbvDqGg==, figureFileBig=x3CaYPPqRXZVLG656AJ4gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828261140329199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=CN, label=图7, caption=菌盖中心位置坐标计算流程图, figureFileSmall=ZzPdfo8tvMc4U4yBbvDqGg==, figureFileBig=x3CaYPPqRXZVLG656AJ4gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828261220020976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Design of an automated king oyster mushroom harvesting device, figureFileSmall=n+Txmn9MX6fViDJY4fhf2g==, figureFileBig=2KZFmBjckrHyWUSH7xqzIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828261291324145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=CN, label=图8, caption=杏鲍菇自动采摘装置设计, figureFileSmall=n+Txmn9MX6fViDJY4fhf2g==, figureFileBig=2KZFmBjckrHyWUSH7xqzIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828261354238706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Automatic identification and harvesting tests for king oyster mushroom in cluttered background, figureFileSmall=XE4fM/bBc6oAtSK7p71pbQ==, figureFileBig=GyJh5UuG3Oo3MM0eeaQBJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828261429736179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=CN, label=图9, caption=杂乱背景下的杏鲍菇自动识别及采摘试验, figureFileSmall=XE4fM/bBc6oAtSK7p71pbQ==, figureFileBig=GyJh5UuG3Oo3MM0eeaQBJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828261496845044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Automatic identification and harvesting test of king oyster mushroom with different cap sizes, figureFileSmall=4bq2N/jnFaU8uQDsZHX/nw==, figureFileBig=nGli7OtMJfGB1T4laypmog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828261572342517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同菌盖尺寸杏鲍菇自动识别及采摘试验, figureFileSmall=4bq2N/jnFaU8uQDsZHX/nw==, figureFileBig=nGli7OtMJfGB1T4laypmog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828261643645686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Relation between sensing cross-sectional radius and sensing distance under different duty cycles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
占空比
Duty cycle
距离 Distance/mm
90100110120130140
0.9038.534.534.532.530.527.5
0.9138.533.531.527.524.520.5
0.9238.532.530.527.523.519.5
0.9332.530.525.523.518.511.5
0.9432.527.524.520.517.59.5
0.9532.527.525.524.524.519.5
0.9632.530.529.527.525.524.5
0.9732.531.527.525.524.520.5
0.9832.530.527.525.519.512.5
0.9932.527.522.517.514.511.5
), ArticleFig(id=1299828261731726071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同占空比条件下感应空间截面半径与感应距离的关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
占空比
Duty cycle
距离 Distance/mm
90100110120130140
0.9038.534.534.532.530.527.5
0.9138.533.531.527.524.520.5
0.9238.532.530.527.523.519.5
0.9332.530.525.523.518.511.5
0.9432.527.524.520.517.59.5
0.9532.527.525.524.524.519.5
0.9632.530.529.527.525.524.5
0.9732.531.527.525.524.520.5
0.9832.530.527.525.519.512.5
0.9932.527.522.517.514.511.5
), ArticleFig(id=1299828261798834936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Results on the recognition and harvesting of king oyster mushrooms with different cap sizes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号No.Y1/(mm,mm)Y2/mmY3/msY4/mmY5
注:Y1表示位置坐标,Y2表示菌盖直径,Y3表示位置坐标计算时间,Y4表示菌盖与内筒中心的偏差,Y5表示采摘结果。
Note: Y1 represents position coordinates, Y2 represents cap diameter, Y3 represents the time to calculate the coordinates, Y4 represents deviation between cap center and inner cylinder center, Y5 represents harvesting results.
1(150, 75)283.51.5成功
2(150, 225)434.54.0成功
3(250, 150)323.83.0成功
4(350, 75)404.32.5成功
5(350, 225)303.63.5成功
), ArticleFig(id=1299828261878526713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同菌盖尺寸的杏鲍菇识别及采摘试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号No.Y1/(mm,mm)Y2/mmY3/msY4/mmY5
注:Y1表示位置坐标,Y2表示菌盖直径,Y3表示位置坐标计算时间,Y4表示菌盖与内筒中心的偏差,Y5表示采摘结果。
Note: Y1 represents position coordinates, Y2 represents cap diameter, Y3 represents the time to calculate the coordinates, Y4 represents deviation between cap center and inner cylinder center, Y5 represents harvesting results.
1(150, 75)283.51.5成功
2(150, 225)434.54.0成功
3(250, 150)323.83.0成功
4(350, 75)404.32.5成功
5(350, 225)303.63.5成功
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1296123985890738214, delFlag=0, nameCn=农业工程学报, nameEn=Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1002-6819, eissn=null, cn=11-2047/S, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=+90GfMrDOo0sGnhM27IfIQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1786949639057, updatedTime=1788949514636, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=N, firstLetterEn=N, subjectCode=Agriculture, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Agriculture, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=+90GfMrDOo0sGnhM27IfIQ==, picEn=+UrL7Qgb+cjoX8OpJtziCA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1304512072117678568, language=CN, name=农业工程学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788949514655, updatedTime=1788949514655, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://tsg.tcsae.org/nygcxb/author/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://nygcxb.ijournals.cn/nygcxb/editor/login, submissionReviewUrl=http://tsg.tcsae.org/nygcxb/reviewer/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304512072168010217, language=EN, name=Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788949514667, updatedTime=1788949514667, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://tsg.tcsae.org/nygcxb/author/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://nygcxb.ijournals.cn/nygcxb/editor/login, submissionReviewUrl=http://tsg.tcsae.org/nygcxb/reviewer/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1296125453100220459, websiteList=[Website(id=1296128922534564555, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1296125453100220459, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/nygcxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1786950816043, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1786950989293, updateBy=18614031015, name=农业工程学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=农业工程学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1296129761215009609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1296128922534564555, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1786951016000, updateTime=1786951016000, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1296129761194038086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1296128922534564555, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1786951015995, updateTime=1786951015995, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1296129761231786828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1296128922534564555, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1786951016004, updateTime=1786951016004, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1296129761185649477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1296128922534564555, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/nygcxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=6wW+hIE4oBGmmFvGgEb5JQ==, createTime=1786951015993, updateTime=1786951015993, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1296129761244369742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1296128922534564555, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1786951016007, updateTime=1786951016007, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1296129761206621000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1296128922534564555, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/nygcxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1786951015998, updateTime=1786951015998, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1296129761240175437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1296128922534564555, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1786951016006, updateTime=1786951016006, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1296129761202426695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1296128922534564555, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1786951015997, updateTime=1786951015997, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1296129761219203914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1296128922534564555, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1786951016001, updateTime=1786951016001, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1296129761227592523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1296128922534564555, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1786951016003, updateTime=1786951016003, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1296128922677170905, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1296125453100220459, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/nygcxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1786950816077, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1786950985772, updateBy=18614031015, name=农业工程学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1296129731049575225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1296128922677170905, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1786951008808, updateTime=1786951008808, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1296129731028603702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1296128922677170905, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1786951008803, updateTime=1786951008803, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1296129731070546748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1296128922677170905, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1786951008813, updateTime=1786951008813, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1296129731016020789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1296128922677170905, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/nygcxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=6wW+hIE4oBGmmFvGgEb5JQ==, createTime=1786951008800, updateTime=1786951008800, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1296129731087323966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1296128922677170905, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1786951008817, updateTime=1786951008817, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1296129731041186616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1296128922677170905, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/nygcxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1786951008806, updateTime=1786951008806, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1296129731078935357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1296128922677170905, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1786951008815, updateTime=1786951008815, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1296129731032798007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1296128922677170905, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1786951008804, updateTime=1786951008804, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1296129731053769530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1296128922677170905, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1786951008809, updateTime=1786951008809, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1296129731062158139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1296128922677170905, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1786951008811, updateTime=1786951008811, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=农业工程学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.tcsae.org/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, journalPhotoCn=+90GfMrDOo0sGnhM27IfIQ==, journalPhotoEn=+UrL7Qgb+cjoX8OpJtziCA==, journalFirstLetter=N, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/nygcxb/CN/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202511009, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/nygcxb/EN/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202511009, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/nygcxb/CN/PDF/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202511009, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/nygcxb/EN/PDF/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202511009, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1782748800000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于红外阵列的杏鲍菇自动识别及采摘试验
收藏切换
PDF下载
刘洋 , 向世鑫 , 李明奇 , 鲍锐杰 , 罗威
农业工程学报 | 农业信息与电气技术 2026,42(12): 249-257
收起
收藏切换
农业工程学报 |农业信息与电气技术 2026 , 42 (12) : 249 -257
基于红外阵列的杏鲍菇自动识别及采摘试验
全屏
[Author(id=1299828258078487232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=liuyang@hunnu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1299828258145596098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, authorId=1299828258078487232, language=EN, stringName=Yang LIU, firstName=Yang, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1299828258275619523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, authorId=1299828258078487232, language=CN, stringName=刘洋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081, bio={"content":"

刘洋,博士,副教授,研究方向为机器人系统设计。Email:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

刘洋,博士,副教授,研究方向为机器人系统设计。Email:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1299828257998795452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258007184061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258011378366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081)])]), Author(id=1299828258351116997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1299828258439197383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, authorId=1299828258351116997, language=EN, stringName=Shixin XIANG, firstName=Shixin, middleName=null, lastName=XIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1299828258506306248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, authorId=1299828258351116997, language=CN, stringName=向世鑫, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1299828257998795452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258007184061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258011378366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081)])]), Author(id=1299828258602775242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1299828258703438540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, authorId=1299828258602775242, language=EN, stringName=Mingqi LI, firstName=Mingqi, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1299828258770547405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, authorId=1299828258602775242, language=CN, stringName=李明奇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1299828257998795452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258007184061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258011378366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081)])]), Author(id=1299828258846044879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1299828258925736657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, authorId=1299828258846044879, language=EN, stringName=Ruijie BAO, firstName=Ruijie, middleName=null, lastName=BAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1299828259005428434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, authorId=1299828258846044879, language=CN, stringName=鲍锐杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1299828257998795452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258007184061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258011378366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081)])]), Author(id=1299828259089314516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1299828259181589206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, authorId=1299828259089314516, language=EN, stringName=Wei LUO, firstName=Wei, middleName=null, lastName=LUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1299828259248698071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, authorId=1299828259089314516, language=CN, stringName=罗威, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1299828257998795452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258007184061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828258011378366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211798910948302, companyId=1299828257998795452, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081)])])]
刘洋 , 向世鑫, 李明奇, 鲍锐杰, 罗威
作者信息
  • 湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081
作者简介:

刘洋,博士,副教授,研究方向为机器人系统设计。Email:

Automatic recognition and harvesting experiment of king oyster mushroom based on infrared array
Yang LIU , Shixin XIANG, Mingqi LI, Ruijie BAO, Wei LUO
Affiliations
  • College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
出版时间: 2026-06-30 doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202511009
文章导航
收藏切换

针对阴暗潮湿环境中杏鲍菇与菌丝体网络交织共生导致视觉特征模糊、难以有效识别及采摘的问题,该研究提出基于红外阵列的杏鲍菇自动识别方法及采摘装置设计。首先,根据红外反射原理构建红外反射模块特性测试平台,系统探究不同电气参数条件下典型红外反射模块的感应空间分布规律,建立描述红外反射特性的数学模型;其次,采用线性阵列方式布设多个红外反射模块,通过定时采样输出信号,构建可表征托盘内杏鲍菇位置和形态的传感信息矩阵;随后,基于传感信息矩阵中单连通区域快速运算,解算杏鲍菇中心点相对于托盘的位置坐标。为验证该识别方法的有效性,设计了双筒回转式采摘器,并将其集成于杏鲍菇采摘装置中,开展多空间位置、多菌盖尺寸及多干扰背景的杏鲍菇识别及采摘试验。结果表明,基于信息矩阵求解杏鲍菇中心点坐标耗时3.5~4.5 ms,大幅低于机器视觉技术所需的40~50 ms;依据识别结果引导杏鲍菇采摘,采摘器内孔中心与杏鲍菇菌盖中心的偏差控制在1.5~4.0 mm,符合蘑菇采摘机器人作业质量标准(定位误差小于5 mm)。该方法基于典型红外反射模块开发,其硬件成本远低于主流机器视觉系统,在栽培基质与菌丝体构成的强干扰环境具备突出的效率优势和经济性,为解决复杂背景下杏鲍菇自动化采摘难题提供了一定的技术路径。

图像识别  /  算法  /  采摘  /  末端执行器  /  红外阵列

Accurate and rapid recognition is often required for the king oyster mushroom under dark and humid environments using machine vision. Particularly, the mushrooms can intertwine with mycelial networks after imaging. This study aims to accurately locate king oyster mushrooms under dark and damp environments. An identification framework of the king oyster mushroom was proposed using an infrared array. A test bench was established based on an infrared reflection module. Sensing distance and sensing space cross-sectional radius of the infrared reflection module were then measured under different electrical parameters. A numerical simulation was used to fit the relationship between electrical parameters and infrared sensing distances. A mathematical model was obtained for the infrared reflection under typical parameter conditions. The invisible infrared light was then visualized for mushroom identification, according to the sensing space model from the infrared reflection module. A detection gantry (including multiple linearly arranged infrared reflection modules) was placed over a tray. The tray moved at a constant speed. The output levels of the infrared reflection modules were sampled periodically by an STM32F103ZET6 controller. An information matrix was formed for the position and shape of the mushrooms within the tray area. The sensing information matrix was determined by the number of timed samplings and the infrared reflection modules. Simple matrix operations were performed on the single-connected regions with zero values in the sensing information matrix. According to the morphologies of the king oyster mushroom, a double-cylinder rotary harvester was designed to calculate the position coordinates of the mushroom's center point relative to the tray. A servo motor drove a reducer, thus causing two coaxially arranged hollow cylinders to rotate relative to each other. Six blades evenly distributed below the cylinders were used to cut the king oyster mushroom in a planar motion. The harvester was fixed to a vertically moving linear module. The motion axes were arranged on an execution gantry, thereby driving the horizontal and vertical movements of the harvester. A king oyster mushroom harvesting device was developed, where the detection and execution gantries were sequentially placed on the tray. Taking king oyster mushrooms as the targets, five symmetrically distributed feature positions on the tray were selected for the identification and harvesting experiments. A series of experiments was conducted to verify the device. The time to solve for the mushroom center point coordinates was 3.5-4.5 ms using the information matrix, which was significantly less than the 40-50 ms required for mushroom image processing using machine vision. The high efficiency of the identification was obtained using the infrared array. Meanwhile, the deviation between the inner hole of the harvester and the mushroom cap center was controlled within 1.5-4.0 mm after the harvester was positioned on the mushroom. This gap met the operational quality requirements of mushroom harvesting robots. The harvesting success rate reached 100%, indicating the high positioning accuracy of the motion axis. The king oyster mushroom identification was developed using typical infrared reflection modules, whose cost was only 1/20 of the mainstream machine vision products. The outstanding efficiency and economic advantages were achieved in the strongly interfering substrate and mycelial networks. The findings can also provide a technical pathway for the edible king oyster mushroom harvesting under complex backgrounds.

image recognition  /  algorithms  /  harvesting  /  end effector  /  infrared array
刘洋, 向世鑫, 李明奇, 鲍锐杰, 罗威. 基于红外阵列的杏鲍菇自动识别及采摘试验. 农业工程学报, 2026 , 42 (12) : 249 -257 . DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202511009
Yang LIU, Shixin XIANG, Mingqi LI, Ruijie BAO, Wei LUO. Automatic recognition and harvesting experiment of king oyster mushroom based on infrared array[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2026 , 42 (12) : 249 -257 . DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202511009
近年来,食用菌产业发展迅速,全球食用菌需求量预计将从2021年的1 500万t增至2028年的2 400万t[1]。巨大的市场需求为中国食用菌产业发展提供了机遇,杏鲍菇是中国工厂化生产的第二大食用菌品种[2],采摘是制约其产量的重要环节[3]。目前蘑菇自动采摘的主要手段为基于机器视觉的机器人技术[4-5]。杏鲍菇生长环境阴暗潮湿,与栽培基质上的菌丝体网络交织,通过机器视觉技术将其与背景分离,预处理繁琐[6]、效率低[7]、误检率高[8],在用工量巨大的采摘环节常面临无机可用的困境[9]
在基于机器视觉的蘑菇目标检测研究中,图像预处理是决定模型性能的关键环节。由于蘑菇种植环境具有光照条件复杂、菌丝背景干扰多、目标密集遮挡等特点[10],构建蘑菇识别数据集涉及大量的图像采集、筛选和标注工作。杨林等[11]在香菇子实体生育期识别研究中,构建了包含3 470张原始图像的数据集;王磊磊等[12]在平菇目标检测研究中,逐张标注了1 353张平菇图像;张瑞青等[13]在香菇表型参数测量中,为建立数据集处理了2 527张图片。通常,标注1张图像需要数分钟到数十分钟,MyceliumSeg数据集每张图片标注耗时约37 min[14],整个数据集的标注工作量可达数十小时至数天。半监督标注方法[15]虽能提升标注效率,但效率提升依赖于前期已标注数据对模型的训练。因此,采用图像处理技术从复杂背景中识别蘑菇常伴随大量的人力成本。
蘑菇中心点坐标计算是蘑菇自动识别的关键技术。以YOLO系列为代表的深度学习算法[16-17],凭借其良好的精度与速度平衡,已成为蘑菇识别的主流方法。然而,YOLO算法的模型参数量大[18]、复杂度高,在GTX 1660 Ti硬件平台上运行YOLO v5算法处理一帧图像需要50 ms[19],而采摘机器人的电机控制周期常小于1 ms。视觉感知与运动控制之间的“频率失配”,迫使采摘机器人采取“走-停-走”的保守策略[20],严重限制了其作业效率。
红外传感器是典型的物体识别器件,其结构简单,受环境影响小,特别是阵列式红外传感器,已在医疗检查[21],手势识别[22],人体监测[23]等场合得到了广泛应用。LIU等[24]设计了基于8×8红外阵列的非接触交互系统,在200 mm范围内实现64 ms/帧的手指检测速度;GENG等[25]开发了基于红外探测器的可穿戴交互系统,在5~600 mm范围内追踪手指运动轨迹,响应时间仅1.6 µs;LIAN等[26]采用4×4红外阵列构建了手势识别系统,对复杂手势的实时轨迹跟踪响应速度达到微秒级。上述研究表明,基于红外阵列的非接触识别系统已能够在数十至数百毫米范围内稳定识别目标。
采摘器设计是蘑菇收获技术的另一个难题。根据蘑菇采摘标准[27],采菇时,需抓住菌柄轻轻扭下。为实现稳定、无损的自动化采摘,末端执行器需具备直线伸缩和包络抓取两大功能。直线伸缩能力决定末端执行器能否深度接近菇床表面。HAN等[28]设计了多级伸缩式变刚度柔性末端执行器,通过协同多板运动实现1:3的伸缩比,在狭窄的菇床层间作深度采摘,实现了81.8%的采收率。对于工厂化栽培蘑菇,直线伸缩运动显著增强了末端执行器在有限空间的可达性。包络抓取机构是能适应目标几何特征的空间机构,其本质是抓取空间与目标形状动态匹配。HUANG等[29]设计了带弧形导轨的真空吸盘,以菌盖为施力点,探讨弯曲、扭转和拉拔等方式下蘑菇的力学行为,但通过力控寻找最佳掰折角度对力传感器精度提出了较高要求。WANG等[30]设计了波浪式采摘环,通过单向推力从菌棒挤落香菇,但采摘环凹槽难以精确匹配随机生长的香菇,采摘品质较低。KOIRALA等[31]设计的三指混合夹爪可依据菌盖的形状和大小形成包络抓取,减少了20%的夹持力,采摘单生蘑菇的成功率达100%,但缺乏伸缩机构,限制了在深层菇床的应用。
综上所述,一方面,基于机器视觉的蘑菇识别方法受困于菌丝体网络造成的复杂背景干扰,面临数据集构建成本高、算法处理速度慢的瓶颈;另一方面,现有采摘器设计或缺乏伸缩能力,或包络适应性不足,难以满足菇床深度采摘的需求。针对上述问题,本文回避从复杂图像中提取目标物这一大计算量任务,以杏鲍菇为对象,研究基于红外阵列的杏鲍菇自动识别方法,设计自动识别及采摘装置,并试验验证廉价红外传感器实现杏鲍菇精准定位与采摘的可行性。
为在指定距离内获取目标物的形貌特征并抑制背景干扰,需精确调控红外传感器的感应空间。该感应空间由感应距离和感应空间截面半径共同约束。基于红外光强度随距离衰减的特性[32],本文引入脉冲宽度调制(pulse width modulation, PWM)技术[33-34],建立PWM参数与感应空间之间的关系。
红外反射模块包括发射管和接收管,二者同向布置,发射管发射红外光,接收管接收反射回的红外光判断待测物体的形状和大小。典型红外反射模块分为开关型和距离型两种,其中,开关型红外反射模块输出数字开关量,抗干扰性强,其成本为距离型红外反射模块的1/10。本文选择开关型模块建立特性试验台,如图1所示。
图1中,红外反射模块与激光测距仪通过支架与底座固定,遮光板可在底座槽中滑动,通过Arduino控制器控制红外反射模块的电气参数。由于不同电气参数下红外反射模块产生响应的临界感应距离不同,为了与杏鲍菇检测嵌入式系统的电压和红外反射模块的工作带宽兼容,现依据对数坐标取PWM频率为1、2、10、100 kHz,模块输入电压3.3 V,在20 ℃室温暗室条件下测定红外反射模块的临界感应距离,如图2所示。
图2a所示,模块工作于占空比[0.50,1.00]区间时,红外反射模块表现明显的非线性特性。当PWM占空比低于临界占空比(约0.70)时,模块无输出;占空比处于 [0.70, 0.75] 区间,模块输出状态翻转,感应距离跃升至最大值;占空比处于(0.75, 1.00] 区间,接收管进入饱和区,感应距离呈下降趋势。这一现象表明,红外反射模块的工作区与输入能量密切相关,通过调节PWM占空比改变模块的输入能量,可调节其临界感应距离。
图2b所示,在高占空比区间[0.90, 1.00]内,不同PWM频率(1~100 kHz)下的临界感应距离曲线表现良好的一致性。频率从1~100 kHz,各曲线之间的间距呈逐渐减小的趋势,表明模块的光电晶体管具有一阶低通滤波特性。由于较低频率具有更好的控制特性和更宽的信号幅度,在频率为1 kHz、占空比处于高占空比区间[0.90, 1.00]时,红外反射模块的感应距离变化能够覆盖常见杏鲍菇的菌盖高度(10~20 mm)。为此,采用最小二乘法建立PWM频率为1 kHz条件下占空比与临界感应距离之间的数学表达式,如式(1)所示。
$ \mathit{Z} \mathrm{=1445.2} \mathit{R} ^{ \mathrm{2}} \mathrm{-2956.8} \mathit{R} \mathrm{+1654.3} $
式中占空比R∈[0.90, 1.00],Z为红外反射模块的临界感应距离,其均方根误差为0.57 mm。根据式(1)和红外反射模块的响应,调整占空比R,可测得菌盖曲面的高度。
为分析红外反射模块感应空间对菌盖测量精度的影响,本文基于红外反射模块对黑色和白色挡光板的响应差异[35],测定PWM参数与感应空间截面半径之间的关系。
感应空间截面半径测试步骤为:首先,将全白挡光板远离红外反射模块发射管一定距离S,红外反射模块处于点亮状态;其次,在挡光板中心设置一黑色圆片,从小到大依次改变圆片的半径r,直至红外反射模块刚好处于熄灭状态;最后,记录距离S和圆片半径r。感应空间截面半径测定试验如图3所示。
图3中,为消除环境因素干扰,取指示灯熄灭前后相邻两次黑圆片半径的平均值为红外感应空间在测量处的截面半径。由于感应距离小于90 mm时红外反射模块进入深度饱和区,而常见杏鲍菇菌柄高度不超过140 mm[36],为覆盖菌盖高度范围并抑制托盘背景干扰,选择90~140 mm作为测试距离。当PWM频率为1 kHz、占空比R为[0.90,0.99]时,测得感应空间截面半径如表1所示。
表1可知,在占空比R为[0.90,0.99]范围内,感应空间截面半径随感应距离增加而变小,特别是在感应距离140 mm处,感应空间截面半径从27.5 mm降至9.5 mm。当占空比R=0.94时,感应空间截面半径随感应距离增加而明显减小(从32.5 mm降至9.5 mm),模块对不同高度菌盖的空间分辨率最优。因此,后续试验选取PWM频率为1 kHz、占空比为0.94作为最优控制参数。
根据红外反射模块的数据表信息(检测角度为35o)和表1,通过空心白板实测修正0~90 mm范围内感应空间截面半径的理论值,获得PWM频率为1 kHz,占空比为0.94,感应距离0~140 mm范围内,红外反射模块的感应空间如图4所示。
红外反射模块的感应空间形状为纺锤体(图4a),在距离红外反射模块反射管口0~90 mm处,感应空间截面半径随感应距离增加逐渐增大(图4b),这反映了红外光经反射腔反射后射出角度对感应空间截面半径的放大作用;在距离红外反射模块反射管口90~140 mm处,感应空间截面半径逐渐减小,反映了红外光的光场强度随感应距离增加而减弱的现象。图4所示红外反射模块感应空间模型将不可见红外光显性为可视化模型,为基于红外阵列的杏鲍菇自动识别提供了一定的技术条件。
基于红外阵列的杏鲍菇自动识别方法是根据红外反射模块特性,定时采样阵列式红外传感器信号构建信息矩阵,由信息矩阵求解杏鲍菇中心点坐标的方法。这一方法主要包含三个步骤:首先,调整PWM参数,控制阵列式红外反射模块扫描托盘,将包含杏鲍菇的托盘区域映射为信息矩阵;其次,将传感信息矩阵分为多个位置矩阵,每个位置矩阵内包含一个单连通区域;最后,对位置矩阵作矩阵运算,计算杏鲍菇中心点相对托盘坐标系的位置坐标。
基于红外阵列的杏鲍菇自动检测原理如图5所示。托盘尺寸长×宽为500 mm×300 mm,在其角点建立坐标系o-xyz,在其上方布置一列红外反射模块。红外反射模块检测方向竖直向下,托盘匀速通过红外反射阵列下方。
根据红外反射模块感应空间与控制参数之间的关系,将包含杏鲍菇的托盘区域离散成传感信息矩阵是杏鲍菇自动识别的关键。传感信息矩阵的列数为定时采样次数,行数为红外反射模块个数。初始时信息矩阵为全1矩阵。托盘向红外反射阵列运动,控制器通过定时读取红外反射阵列输出信号,将托盘中菌盖与托盘之间的关系映射为包含0和1的传感信息矩阵,如图6所示。
为解决托盘中存在多个杏鲍菇待识别问题,考虑上下左右及四个对角方向,采用八连通邻接规则[37],将信息矩阵划分为多个零值单连通域。零值单连通域在信息矩阵中的位置和大小,反映托盘中杏鲍菇的位置和尺寸。
令传感信息矩阵为Aij (i∈[1, m], j∈[1, n]),位置矩阵Mij(i∈[1,l], j∈[1,n], lm)为传感信息矩阵Aij的子矩阵,其中l为位置矩阵Mij的行数,m为红外阵列对托盘定时采样次数,n为红外阵列的红外反射模块个数。托盘尺寸为a×b,托盘平移速度为v,采样定时时间为t,红外反射模块的间距为d,横向向量$ {C}_{i}=\dfrac{d}{n}\displaystyle\sum \nolimits_{j=1}^{j=n}{A}_{ij} $(i∈[1,l])。根据传感信息矩阵求解菌盖中心点坐标的流程如图7所示。
图7所示流程中,先依据位置矩阵Mij的规模是否处于预设的阈值区间内,排除其他物体的干扰;再对符合阈值要求的位置矩阵Mij的横向向量和纵向向量求平均值。菌盖中心相对于托盘坐标系o-xyzy向坐标为
$ y=\frac{d}{nl}\sum \limits_{i=1}^{i=l}\sum \limits_{j=1}^{j=n}{\boldsymbol{A}}_{ij} $
则,菌盖中心相对于托盘坐标系o-xyzx向坐标为
$ x=\frac{vt}{l}\sum \limits_{i=1}^{i=l}i $
菌盖中心相对于托盘坐标系的y向坐标位置精度取决于红外反射模块的间距dy向定位误差为$ \pm\frac{d}{2} $x向坐标位置精度取决于托盘平移速度v和采样定时时间t之积,x向定位误差为$ \pm\frac{vt}{2} $。因此,杏鲍菇中心定位误差由红外反射模块间距d、托盘平移速度v、采样定时时间t等参数共同决定。
该杏鲍菇识别方法以阵列布置的红外反射模块为对象,将盛载杏鲍菇的托盘区域离散为信息矩阵,通过简单矩阵运算,计算杏鲍菇位置坐标。该算法简洁,方便部署至嵌入式平台,实现自动识别。
为验证基于红外阵列的杏鲍菇自动识别效果,设计杏鲍菇自动识别及采摘试验装置,如图8所示。
杏鲍菇自动采摘装置包括检测龙门架、执行龙门架、XYZ向自由度机构和采摘器等部件(图8a)。检测龙门架和执行龙门架跨立在托盘上方,红外反射模块线性布置在检测龙门架的横梁上。为保证相邻模块的感应空间截面在检测高度上相切,相邻红外反射模块的间距设为9.5 mm。
X、Y、Z向自由度机构均由伺服电机和线性模组构成,行程分别为640、306和170 mm,额定速度分别为200、200、100 mm/s。Y向线性模组与执行龙门架横梁平行;Z向线性模组垂直固定在Y向线性模组的滑台上,且其滑台上固定有采摘器。
双筒回转式采摘器作为末端执行器,主要由伺服电机、减速器、基座、内筒、刀片和外筒组成(图8b)。内筒与外筒同轴布置,其中内筒边缘均布6个腰圆槽,外筒筒底均布6个滑槽。刀片置于内、外筒之间,其上表面的圆柱销伸入内筒的腰圆槽形成圆柱副,其下表面的滑条嵌入外筒的滑槽形成滑动副。伺服电机(额定转速3 000 r/min)经减速器(减速比为10)带动内筒以40 r/min的额定转速转动,通过腰圆槽与圆柱销传动,驱动刀片沿滑槽快速平移。
图8c8d所示分别为采摘器的闭合切割和张开释放两个状态。内筒顺时针旋转,驱动刀片沿滑槽朝外筒运动,直至刀片的刃口到达外筒底部中心孔边,刀片的刃口形成的包络区域与外筒底部中心孔重合,刀片呈张开释放状态;内筒逆时针旋转,驱动刀片反向平移,直至相邻刀片侧面紧密贴合,刀片处于闭合切割状态。在杏鲍菇采摘时,刀片闭合,内筒与刀片形成一个封闭空间,用于容纳切断的杏鲍菇;在杏鲍菇收纳时,刀片张开,杏鲍菇在重力作用下从内筒中心孔掉落。因此,双筒回转式采摘器具备包络抓取所要求的夹持与切割功能。
控制器采用STM32F103ZET6(主频72 MHz)。在检测阶段,控制器以1 kHz的频率对红外反射模块阵列进行采样,结合托盘平移速度,对应的空间采样分辨率为0.2 mm,满足杏鲍菇毫米级定位需求。在执行阶段,首先,控制器驱动X向自由度机构携带托盘穿过检测龙门架,完成识别后,依据解算出的杏鲍菇中心X向坐标,将托盘停在执行龙门架下方;然后,依据杏鲍菇中心Y向坐标,控制Y向自由度机构将采摘器定位在杏鲍菇正上方;随后,控制Z向自由度机构带动采摘器垂直向下运动,直到采摘器内筒完全包覆菌盖;最后,控制采摘器内筒旋转,由刀片完成切割动作。基于上述时序协同控制策略,该装置可深入菇床采摘作业。
该装置由通用工业控制元件构成,其中,杏鲍菇识别硬件成本约350元(市场参考价);而典型机器视觉系统(200万像素工业相机和经济型工控机)硬件成本约7000元(市场参考价)。此外,本识别算法仅涉及矩阵求和与形心计算(约数千次基本运算),而YOLO系列算法常涉及数十亿次浮点运算。因此,本装置在硬件造价和算法计算量上兼具显著优势。
参考杏鲍菇工厂化栽培主流品种(“天鸣1号 ”,菌盖直径30~49 mm、菌柄长度87~142 mm)[38],选取菌盖直径为35 mm,菌柄长度为130 mm,菌柄直径为20 mm的杏鲍菇为对象。杏鲍菇随机置于托盘上,其下方放置落叶,模拟实际栽培环境中可能存在的干扰。在室温暗室中控制采摘装置进行杏鲍菇自动识别及采摘试验,如图9所示。
图9a可知,系统初始化后,将杏鲍菇置于托盘上(图9b),X向线性模组驱动托盘携带杏鲍菇以200 mm/s的速度通过检测龙门架;控制器定时读取检测龙门架上红外阵列的输出信号,由控制器内嵌的杏鲍菇识别算法计算杏鲍菇中心坐标(图9c),位置坐标计算耗时约3.5 ms;当托盘承载杏鲍菇运动到执行龙门架下方时(图9d),控制器先控制Y向自由度机构作直线运动,驱动采摘器到达杏鲍菇上方(图9e),测得采摘筒与菌盖中心偏差为2.5 mm,小于采摘机器人作业标准规定的定位误差(5 mm)[39];再控制Z向自由度机构作直线运动,使采摘器内筒包覆菌盖(图9f);再控制采摘器内筒顺时针转动,采摘器内刀片平移切割,实现杏鲍菇采摘(图9g);再控制Y向和Z向自由度机构作正交直线运动,使采摘器到达收纳箱上方;最后,采摘器的内筒逆时针转动,采摘器内刀片张开,杏鲍菇从采摘器内落入收纳箱(图9h)。
上述试验表明,基于红外阵列的杏鲍菇识别方法无需复杂背景检测,高效识别并准确定位了托盘中的杏鲍菇,适用于菌丝体网络覆盖的栽培基质环境。
为评估采摘末端执行器对不同规格杏鲍菇的适应性,本研究参考工厂化栽培主流品种的规格[38],选取菌盖直径在25~45 mm、菌柄长度100~140 mm、菌柄直径20~30 mm范围内的样本。从中选取5个典型样本,其菌盖直径分别为28、43、32、40、30 mm,依次置于托盘的5个坐标点(单位:mm):(150, 75)、(150, 225)、(250, 150)、(350, 75)、(350, 225)。在室温暗室中控制采摘装置进行杏鲍菇自动识别及采摘试验,结果如图10表2所示。
表2可知,5次试验中求解杏鲍菇位置坐标耗时为3.5~4.5 ms,明显少于现有机器视觉处理图像所需时间(40~50 ms)[40],表明基于红外阵列的杏鲍菇中心点坐标识别算法具有较高的效率优势。定位过程中采摘器内筒与菌盖中心的偏差为1.5~4.0 mm,小于蘑菇采摘机器人作业质量标准所要求的5 mm定位误差,采摘过程中内筒与杏鲍菇无接触碰撞,证明采摘器的机构设计合理,在线识别及采摘具备可行性。
针对现有基于机器视觉的蘑菇识别技术面临的效率低、算法复杂等问题,本研究采用阵列布置的典型红外反射模块进行杏鲍菇识别,完成了模块特性建模,识别算法开发以及采摘装置设计,并得到以下结论:
1)揭示了脉冲宽度调制参数与感应距离和感应空间截面半径之间的定量关系,建立了室温暗室环境下描述红外反射模块感应空间的可视化模型,均方根误差为0.57 mm,为杏鲍菇自动识别提供了条件。
2)提出的基于红外阵列的杏鲍菇中心点识别方法,通过定时采样红外阵列,构建信息矩阵,求解杏鲍菇中心点坐标,位置坐标计算耗时3.5~4.5 ms,较现有机器视觉方法(40~50 ms)大幅提升。
3)设计的双筒回转式采摘器,通过内筒与刀片的联动实现了菌盖的包络切割与容纳。试验中采摘器内筒中心与菌盖中心的定位偏差为1.5~4.0 mm,符合蘑菇采摘机器人作业质量标准(定位误差小于5 mm)。
尽管本研究在规则杏鲍菇的识别及采摘上取得了良好效果,但杏鲍菇菌盖与菌柄在生长过程中常偏离同一轴线,而垂直布置的红外阵列仅能识别菌盖,无法感知菌柄的姿态;同时,当前采摘器也缺乏绕X轴和Y轴的调姿能力。因此,该方法及采摘器对弯曲生长的杏鲍菇适应性有限。未来将探索倾斜阵列与垂直阵列相结合的红外反射模块布局,提升对菌盖与菌柄姿态的识别能力,增强该方法识别弯曲生长杏鲍菇的鲁棒性;研究多自由度采摘器的设计方法,使末端执行器具备空间姿态调整能力,以适应不同弯曲程度的杏鲍菇采摘需求。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
WEE B S, CHIN C S, SHARMA A. Survey of mushroom harvesting agricultural robots and systems design[J]. IEEE Transactions on AgriFood Electronics, 2024, 2(1): 59-80.
2
甘颖, 陈杰, 曾兵, 等. 杏鲍菇新品种‘中农川杏1号’[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(S2): 181-182.
GAN Ying, CHEN Jie, ZENG Bing, et al. A new pleurotus eryngii cultivar‘Zhongnong chuanxing 1’[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S2): 181-182. (in Chinese with English abstract)
3
MAVRIDIS P, MAVRIKIS N, MASTROGEORGIOU A, CHATZAKOS P. Low-cost, accurate robotic harvesting system for existing mushroom farms[C]//2023 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM), Seattle, WA, USA: IEEE, 2023: 144-149.
4
王风云, 吕向宇, 王轩宇, 等. 食用菌工厂空间约束下的机器人导航系统设计[J]. 农业工程学报, 2025, 41(20): 44-53.
WANG Fengyun, LYU Xiangyu, WANG Xuanyu, et al. Design of a robot navigation system for edible fungus factory space constraints[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE), 2025, 41(20): 44-53. (in Chinese with English abstract)
5
胡炼, 王志敏, 汪沛, 等. 基于激光感知的农业机器人定位系统[J]. 农业工程学报, 2023, 39(5): 1-7.
HU Lian, WANG Zhimin. WANG Pei, et al. Agricultural robot positioning system based on laser sensing[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE), 2023, 39(5): 1-7. (in Chinese with English abstract)
6
ZHAO R F, LUO C S, ZHANG Q, et al. Deep learning-based phenotypic analysis and intelligent environmental control in edible mushrooms: Advances, challenges, and prospects[J]. Smart Agricultural Technology, 2025, 12: 101330.
7
赵韦婷, 刘紫旭, 何曼曼, 等. 基于多模态双线性池化机制的蘑菇类别识别模型[J]. 农业工程学报, 2025, 41(20): 185-192.
ZHAO Weiting, LIU Zixu, HE Manman, et al. Mushroom category recognition model based on multimodal bilinear pooling mechanism[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2025, 41(20): 185-192. (in Chinese with English abstract)
8
LIU S Y, ZHANG F Q, ZHAO P, et al. Morel (Morchella spp.) target recognition and size measurement based on machine vision[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2025, 229: 109823.
9
王明友, 王达, 宋卫东, 等. 菇类采摘机器人研究现状和展望[J]. 农业机械学报, 2024, 55(S1): 1-8.
WANG Mingyou, WANG Da, SONG Weidong, et al. Current status and future prospects of mushroom harvesting robots[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2024, 55(S1): 1-8. (in Chinese with English abstract)
10
赵明岩, 吴顺海, 李一欣, 等. 基于改进 YOLOv5s 的黑皮鸡枞菌检测方法[J]. 农业工程学报, 2023, 39(12): 265-274.
ZHAO Mingyan, WU Shunhai, LI Yixin, et al. Improved YOLOv5s-based detection method for termitomyces albuminosus[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2023, 39(12): 265-274. (in Chinesewith English abstract) (in Chinese with English abstract)
11
杨林, 曾大鑫, 边银丙, 等. 改进 YOLOv5 的香菇子实体生育期识别方法[J]. 农业工程学报, 2024, 40(9): 182-189.
YANG Lin, ZENG Daxin, BIAN Yinbing, et al. Recognizing fruiting body growth period of Lentinus edodes using improved YOLOv5[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2024, 40(9): 182-189. (in Chinese with English abstract)
12
王磊磊, 王斌, 李东晓, 等. 基于改进 YOLOv5 的菇房平菇目标检测与分类研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 2023, 39(17): 163-171.
WANG Leilei, WANG Bin, LI Dongxiao, et al. Object detection and classification of pleurotus ostreatus using improved YOLOv5[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2023, 39(17): 163-171. (in Chinese with English abstract)
13
张瑞青, 刘攀, 陈文杰, 等. 基于改进 YOLOv8-Seg 模型的香菇子实体表型参数测量方法[J]. 农业工程学报, 2025, 41(23): 143-151.
ZHANG Ruiqing, LIU Pan, CHEN Wenjie, et al. Measurement method for the phenotypic parameters of Lentinula edodes fruiting bodies based on improved YOLOv8-Seg model[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2025, 41(23): 143-151. (in Chinese with English abstract)
14
YUAN Q G, LIU W Z, LIU Y F, et al. A mycelium dataset with edge-precise annotation for semantic segmentation[J]. Scientific Data, 2025, 12: 2015.
15
胡明玉, 夏雪, 杨晨雪, 等. 基于深度学习的半监督图像标注系统设计与实现[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2021, 26(5): 153-162.
HU Mingyu, XIA Xue, YANG Chenxue, et al. Design and implementation of semi-supervised image labeling system based on deep learning[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2021, 26(5): 153-162. (in Chinese with English abstract)
16
CONG P, FENG H, LV K, et al. MYOLO: A lightweight fresh shiitake mushroom detection model based on YOLOv3[J]. Agriculture, 2023, 13(2): 392.
17
QI K K, YANG Z, FAN Y Y, et al. Detection and classification of Shiitake mushroom fruiting bodies based on Mamba YOLO[J]. Science Report, 2025, 15: 15214.
18
LI Z C, MIAO Y H, QIAO J H, et al. Real-time detection and robotic picking of stropharia rugoso-annulata using enhanced YOLOv11s[J]. Journal of Field Robotics, 2025, 43(3): 1905-1924.
19
卢伟, 邹明萱, 施浩楠, 等. 基于YOLO v5-TL的褐菇采摘视觉识别-测量-定位技术[J]. 农业机械学报, 2022, 53(11): 341-348.
LU Wei, ZOU Mingxuan, SHI Haonan, et al. Technology of visual identification-measing-location for brown mushroom picking based on YOLO v5-TL[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2022, 53(11): 341-348. (in Chinese with English abstract)
20
夏先飞, 贾磊, 张硕, 等. 果蔬采摘机器人研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 农业工程学报, 2026, 42(2): 14-28.
XIA Xianfei, JIA Lei, ZHANG Shuo, et al. Current research status and development trends of fruit and vegetable harvesting robots[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2026, 42(2): 14-28. (in Chinese with English abstract)
21
KAUSHIK A, KAUR T, SHADAKSHARAPPA S H, et al. A comparative evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of an infrared sensor device with standard mounting procedure in completely edentulous patients: A pilot clinical study[J]. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2024, 132(5): 981.e1-981.e8.
22
WANG J Q, XIE Z M, LU G X, et al. An infrared photothermoelectric detector enabled by MXene and PEDOT: PSS composite for noncontact fingertip tracking[J/OL]. (2023-02-27)[2026-03-06].https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-022-00454-3.
23
COMAI S, LAMBRUSCHI M, RAVASIO F, et al. Enhancing bed safety: monitoring sleeping positions, bed-exits, and falls using Grid-EYE infrared array sensors[C]//Proceedings of the International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence (UCAmI 2024). Belfast, Northern Ireland: Springer, 2024: 546-557.
24
LIU F, LEI B, FENG Y. Design and realization of a contact-less interaction system based on infrared reflection photoelectric detection array [EB/OL]. (2015-3-15) [2026-03-06]. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2202904.
25
GENG C, SONG G K, LIN W, et al. Flexible photonic contactless human-machine interface based on visible-blind near-infrared organic photodetectors[J]. National Science Review, 2025, 12(9): nwaf303.
26
LIAN Y L, JIA S W, YU H, et al. Band alignment semimetal heterojunction-based ultrabroadband photodetector for noncontact gesture interaction with low latency[J]. Advanced Materials, 2025, 37: 2404336.
27
中华人民共和国农业部. NY/T 2375—201中华人民共和国农业行业标准 食用菌生产技术规范[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2013.
28
HAN R Q, ZHONG M, CHAI X J, et al. Design and development of a multi-stage variable stiffness flexible end-effector for selective harvesting of Agaricus bisporus[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2025, 230: 110815.
29
HUANG M S, HE L, CHOI D, et al. Picking dynamic analysis for robotic harvesting of agaricus bisporus mushrooms[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2021, 185: 106145.
30
WANG Z N, TAO K, YUAN J, et al. Design and experiment on mechanized batch harvesting of Shiitake mushrooms[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2024, 217: 108593.
31
KOIRALA B, KAFLE A, NGUYEN H C, et al. A hybrid three-finger gripper for automated harvesting of button mushrooms[J]. Actuators, 2024, 13(8): 28
32
BUI N T, NGUYEN T M T, NGUYEN B L H, et al. Improved accuracy of optical distance sensor based on artificial neural network applied to real-time systems[J]. Measurement Science and Technology, 2022, 33: 075001.
33
VASANTH S, MUTHURAMALINGAM T, PRAKASH S S, et al. Experimental investigation of PWM laser standoff distance control for power diode based LBM[J]. Optics and Laser Technology, 2023, 158: 108916.
34
LIANG J T, WANG L R, WU L, et al. Non-Dispersive infrared SF6 sensor with temperature compensation using ISSA_BP neural network[J]. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2024, 373: 115434.
35
HRUBý D, LUKÁš V, ĽUBOMÍR K, et al. Characteristics of distance errors of infrared sensor relation to colour surfaces[J]. Acta Technologica Agriculturae, 2022, 25(1): 40-46.
36
林俊彬, 严俊杰, 韩星, 等. 基于全基因组重测序的杏鲍菇菌株遗传多样性与性状分析[J]. 西南农业学报, 2023, 36(11): 2311-2318.
LIN Junbin, YAN Junjie, HAN Xing, et al. Population diversity and characterisitcs of Pleurotus eryngii strains based on whole genome resequencing[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 36(11): 2311-2318. (in Chinese with English abstract)
37
YANG L W, LI P, WANG T, et, al. Multi-area collision-free path planning and efficient task scheduling optimization for autonomous agricultural robots[J]. Scientific Reports, 2024, 14(1): 18347.
38
李晓, 李水琳, 钱琼秋, 等. 杏鲍菇天鸣1号引种和工厂化周年栽培[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2022, 63(12): 2840-2843.
39
中国农业机械工业协会, 中国农业机械学会. T/CAAMM 286-2023双孢菇采摘机器人作业质量评价规范[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2023.
40
YIN H, YI W L, HU D M. Computer vision and machine learning applied in the mushroom industry: A critical review[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2022, 198: 107015.
2026年第42卷第12期
PDF下载
289
137
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202511009
  • 接收时间:2025-11-03
  • 首发时间:2026-08-20
  • 出版时间:2026-06-30
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-03
  • 修回日期:2026-04-24
基金
作者信息
    湖南师范大学工程与设计学院,长沙,410081
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/nygcxb/CN/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202511009
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏