Article(id=1297211850752553076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, issueId=1297211624738284246, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202509254, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1758902400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-27, revisedDate=1778342400000, revisedDateStr=2026-05-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1787209006249, onlineDateStr=2026-08-20, pubDate=1782748800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1787209006249, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1787209006249, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1787209006249, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1297211624738284246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, year='2026', volume='42', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='396', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782748800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1787208952364, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1787212261177, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1297225503002357852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, issueId=1297211624738284246, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1297225503002357853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, issueId=1297211624738284246, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=227, endPage=238, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1297211850962268277, articleId=1297211850752553076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, language=EN, title=Method for detecting tomato flower clusters and recognizing flower status based on DD-MA-YOLOv11, columnId=1297211683278189232, journalTitle=Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, columnName=Agricultural Information and Electrical Technologies, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Accurate perception of tomato inflorescences and flower states can often be required to support key operations in greenhouse tomato production, such as pollination and topping at the flowering and fruiting stage. However, inflorescences and flowers are characterized by small target size, dense spatial distribution, complex backgrounds, and frequent occlusion by leaves and stems in practical greenhouse environments. Single-stage detection models cannot simultaneously realize stable inflorescence localization and high-precision flower state recognition when operating on whole-plant images. In this study, a two-stage cascaded framework of visual perception was developed to detect tomato inflorescence and flower states using an improved YOLO version 11 network. A “spatial localization followed by fine-grained recognition” strategy was adopted to decompose the overall perception task into two sequential subtasks. In the first stage, an inflorescence detection model was constructed to enhance the baseline YOLO version eleven network with a Deformable Large Kernel Attention mechanism and a Dynamic Head detection structure. Deformable Large Kernel Attention Mechanism also employed large convolutional kernels with deformable convolution to capture long-range contextual information between inflorescences and adjacent peduncles, while morphological variations were also considered at different growth stages and plant structures. The dynamic head module incorporated scale- and spatial-aware feature modeling, thereby enabling the detector to robustly handle inflorescences of varying sizes for the complex regions, where inflorescences and leaves overlapped. The output precise spatial regions corresponded to inflorescences, which served as reliable regions of interest for subsequent analysis. In the second stage, a flower state recognition model was designed to operate exclusively within the inflorescence regions in the first stage. A lightweight backbone network, MobileNetV4, was adopted to reduce computational complexity for inference efficiency, while preserving feature representation. An Adaptive Task-aligned Focal Loss function was introduced to balance sample distribution among different flower developmental states. This loss function dynamically adjusted category weights, according to classification difficulty and sample frequency, thereby enhancing recognition performance for the minority and easily confused flower states under occlusion and cluttered backgrounds. Experiments were conducted on a greenhouse tomato image dataset at multiple growth stages and complex environments. In the inflorescence task, the first-stage model achieved substantial improvements in performance, compared with the baseline network, with the precision, recall, mean average precision at an intersection-over-union threshold of 0.5, and F1-score increasing by 4.02, 5.25, 8.49, and 4.66 percentage point, respectively. These results demonstrated that the attention and detection head enhancements significantly improved small-target detection stability in complex scenes. In the flower state recognition task, the second-stage model further improved precision, recall, mean average precision at the same threshold, and F1-score by 5.24, 2.97, 5.31, and 4.07 percentage point, respectively, indicating stronger identification for fine-grained flower state classification. The cascaded framework achieved an average processing speed of 38.4 frames per second under a single-input condition, fully meeting the real-time requirements of continuous greenhouse monitoring and online agricultural operations. The cascaded framework effectively balanced detection accuracy and computational efficiency to decouple spatial localization from fine-grained recognition. The reliable inflorescence and flower state recognition from whole-plant images can provide a practical visual perception for pollination, topping, and intelligent operations in greenhouse tomato production.
, authors=Yanan GAO
1, 2, 3, Pingzeng LIU
1, 2, 3, *, Yuxuan ZHANG
1, 2, 3, Ke ZHU
1, 2, 3, Yan ZHANG
1, 2, 3, Qun YU
1, 2, 3, Fujiang WEN
1, authorsList=Yanan GAO, Pingzeng LIU, Yuxuan ZHANG, Ke ZHU, Yan ZHANG, Qun YU, Fujiang WEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Pingzeng LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1297211853034254474, articleId=1297211850752553076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, language=CN, title=基于DD-MA-YOLOv11的设施番茄花穗检测与花朵状态识别方法, columnId=1297211683441767090, journalTitle=农业工程学报, columnName=农业信息与电气技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
针对设施番茄花果期管理中花穗与花朵目标尺度小、背景复杂、遮挡严重,且单阶段检测方法难以同时兼顾花穗精准定位与花朵状态精细识别的问题,该研究提出了一种基于DD-MA-YOLOv11的级联识别网络。该网络以整株番茄图像作为输入,第一级通过引入DLKA注意力机制与Dynamic Head动态检测头增强YOLOv11的小目标检测能力,实现花穗区域的准确定位;第二级针对复杂背景下花朵状态差异细微、易受遮挡干扰的识别任务,以MobileNetV4作为主干网络,并结合ATFL焦点损失函数,实现花朵状态的高精度识别。试验结果表明,第一级DD-YOLOv11模型在花穗检测任务中,精确率、召回率、mAP@0.5及F1分数分别为95.27%、90.35%、94.19%、92.73%,较原模型提升4.02、5.25、8.49和4.66个百分点。第二级MA-YOLOv11模型在花朵状态识别任务中,精确率、召回率、mAP@0.5及F1分数分别较原模型提升了5.24、2.97、5.31和4.07个百分点,整体级联模型在单输入条件下的处理效率为38.4帧/s,满足实时处理要求。该模型实现了花穗检测与花朵状态识别,可为番茄的授粉、摘心等农事操作提供依据。
, authors=高雅楠
1, 2, 3, 柳平增
1, 2, 3, *, 张宇轩
1, 2, 3, 朱珂
1, 2, 3, 张艳
1, 2, 3, 于群
1, 2, 3, 温孚江
1, authorsList=高雅楠, 柳平增, 张宇轩, 朱珂, 张艳, 于群, 温孚江, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=柳平增, authorNote=
, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026 农业工程学报编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=TF64BE/s3DnuK6bpBzojOg==, magXml=AqUZ8scXKXfqqy6JTXIr8Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=+nUQSKutW+KQ74JCSLbFOw==, pdfFileSize=8602422, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=DMswaH4PDN4evuYY/cRPCw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=aJ04quSSN2U4KClvRJUYxA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1299828233596330825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=gaoyn2022@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1299828233688605517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, authorId=1299828233596330825, language=EN, stringName=Yanan GAO, firstName=Yanan, middleName=null, lastName=GAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, address=
1School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
2Key Laboratory of Huang-Huai-Hai Smart Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018
3Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1299828233764102990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, authorId=1299828233596330825, language=CN, stringName=高雅楠, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, address=
1山东农业大学信息科学与工程学院,泰安 271018
2农业农村部黄淮海智慧农业技术重点实验室,泰安 271018
3山东农业大学农业大数据研究中心,泰安 271018, bio={"content":"
高雅楠,研究方向为农业大数据技术与工程。Email:gaoyn2022@163.com
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高雅楠,研究方向为农业大数据技术与工程。Email:gaoyn2022@163.com
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1山东农业大学信息科学与工程学院,泰安 271018)]), AuthorCompany(id=1299828233382421314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828233390809923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, companyId=1299828233382421314, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2农业农村部黄淮海智慧农业技术重点实验室,泰安 271018)]), AuthorCompany(id=1299828233512444741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828233520833350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, companyId=1299828233512444741, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828233529221959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, companyId=1299828233512444741, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3山东农业大学农业大数据研究中心,泰安 271018)])]), Author(id=1299828233822823248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=pzliu@sdau.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1299828233906709332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, authorId=1299828233822823248, language=EN, stringName=Pingzeng LIU, firstName=Pingzeng, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, *, address=
1School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
2Key Laboratory of Huang-Huai-Hai Smart Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018
3Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1299828233986401109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, authorId=1299828233822823248, language=CN, stringName=柳平增, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, *, address=
1山东农业大学信息科学与工程学院,泰安 271018
2农业农村部黄淮海智慧农业技术重点实验室,泰安 271018
3山东农业大学农业大数据研究中心,泰安 271018, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1299828233298535231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828233306923840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, companyId=1299828233298535231, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828233315312449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, companyId=1299828233298535231, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1山东农业大学信息科学与工程学院,泰安 271018)]), AuthorCompany(id=1299828233382421314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828233390809923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, companyId=1299828233382421314, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2Key Laboratory of Huang-Huai-Hai Smart Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828233399198532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, companyId=1299828233382421314, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2农业农村部黄淮海智慧农业技术重点实验室,泰安 271018)]), AuthorCompany(id=1299828233512444741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828233520833350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, companyId=1299828233512444741, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828233529221959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, companyId=1299828233512444741, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3山东农业大学农业大数据研究中心,泰安 271018)])]), Author(id=1299828234057704279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1299828234145784667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, authorId=1299828234057704279, language=EN, stringName=Yuxuan ZHANG, firstName=Yuxuan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, address=
1School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
2Key Laboratory of Huang-Huai-Hai Smart Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018
3Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1299828234217087836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, authorId=1299828234057704279, language=CN, stringName=张宇轩, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, address=
1山东农业大学信息科学与工程学院,泰安 271018
2农业农村部黄淮海智慧农业技术重点实验室,泰安 271018
3山东农业大学农业大数据研究中心,泰安 271018, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1299828233298535231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828233306923840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, companyId=1299828233298535231, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828233315312449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, companyId=1299828233298535231, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1山东农业大学信息科学与工程学院,泰安 271018)]), AuthorCompany(id=1299828233382421314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828233390809923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, companyId=1299828233382421314, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2Key Laboratory of Huang-Huai-Hai Smart Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828233399198532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, companyId=1299828233382421314, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2农业农村部黄淮海智慧农业技术重点实验室,泰安 271018)]), AuthorCompany(id=1299828233512444741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828233520833350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, companyId=1299828233512444741, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828233529221959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, companyId=1299828233512444741, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3山东农业大学农业大数据研究中心,泰安 271018)])]), Author(id=1299828234292585310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1299828234372277090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, authorId=1299828234292585310, language=EN, stringName=Ke ZHU, firstName=Ke, middleName=null, lastName=ZHU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, address=
1School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
2Key Laboratory of Huang-Huai-Hai Smart Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018
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1School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
2Key Laboratory of Huang-Huai-Hai Smart Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018
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1School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
2Key Laboratory of Huang-Huai-Hai Smart Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018
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Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2025, 56(8): 467-478. 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Effects of organic substrates fo on yield and quality of tomato in solar geenhouse[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Agricultural Science Edition), 2019, 37(3): 34-38. 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1School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828233315312449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, companyId=1299828233298535231, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1山东农业大学信息科学与工程学院,泰安 271018)]), AuthorCompany(id=1299828233382421314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828233390809923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, companyId=1299828233382421314, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2Key Laboratory of Huang-Huai-Hai Smart Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828233399198532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, companyId=1299828233382421314, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2农业农村部黄淮海智慧农业技术重点实验室,泰安 271018)]), AuthorCompany(id=1299828233512444741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828233520833350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, companyId=1299828233512444741, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1299828233529221959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, companyId=1299828233512444741, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3山东农业大学农业大数据研究中心,泰安 271018)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1299828236070970241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Schematic diagram of different flower state categories, figureFileSmall=P7+oNG04V692TzlSkARTIg==, figureFileBig=PJF8HP/K0OSlgcnJOkcJ+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828236138079106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
花朵状态各类别示意图1. 花蕾期 2. 花裂期 3. 全开期 4. 谢花期 5. 初果期
, figureFileSmall=P7+oNG04V692TzlSkARTIg==, figureFileBig=PJF8HP/K0OSlgcnJOkcJ+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828236234548099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Overall flow diagram, figureFileSmall=Gm7LNI/YsajaMQz8WVReWw==, figureFileBig=KgoeDNfz2wgy8ZFOjP+xWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828236293268356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
整体流程图注:Feature selection 为特征选择;Dynamic head 为动态检测头模块;SPPF 为快速空间金字塔池化模块;C2PSA 为跨阶段注意力模块;MobileNetV4 为轻量化移动端网络;Bud 为花蕾期;Crack 为花裂期;Full 为全开期;Wither 为谢花期;Initial 为初果期。下同。
, figureFileSmall=Gm7LNI/YsajaMQz8WVReWw==, figureFileBig=KgoeDNfz2wgy8ZFOjP+xWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828236368765829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Overall architecture of the DD-YOLOv11 model for tomato flower cluster detection, figureFileSmall=d3iaBpggYqNDNgv31nRLFA==, figureFileBig=373wmh3/bhIYqK7OiGms1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828236444263302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
DD-YOLOv11花穗检测模型整体结构注:Conv为卷积模块;C3k2为复合卷积模块;Concat为特征连接模块;DLKA为可变形大卷积核;Upsample为上采样模块;Split为特征通道分离操作;Bottleneck为基础残差单元;C3k为复合卷积模块;MaxPool2d为二维最大池化模块。N表示对应子模块的堆叠重复次数。下同。
, figureFileSmall=d3iaBpggYqNDNgv31nRLFA==, figureFileBig=373wmh3/bhIYqK7OiGms1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828236519760775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Architecture of the DLKA attention mechanism module, figureFileSmall=ocKZmCkm/qumQrBWbvt4gQ==, figureFileBig=BKbcm6CwooYZ+Tdi+uukyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828236591063944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
DLKA注意力机制模块架构注:Conv2D为标准二维卷积模块;Conv3×3为3×3尺寸卷积模块;Offsets Field为偏移场特征图;Deform-DW Conv2D为可变形深度卷积模块;Deform-DW-D Conv2D为可变形空洞深度卷积模块;GELU为高斯误差线性激活函数;$ \oplus $为逐元素相加融合操作;$ \otimes $为逐元素相乘加权操作;C为输入特征通道数;C'为偏移场输出通道数。下同。
, figureFileSmall=ocKZmCkm/qumQrBWbvt4gQ==, figureFileBig=BKbcm6CwooYZ+Tdi+uukyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828236679144329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Architecture of the Dynamic head, figureFileSmall=kO/d+/cOkOadsA1oRdyIYA==, figureFileBig=xl161aZIEw8jcy5VMnXTSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828236859499402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
Dynamic head网络架构注:πL为尺度感知注意力子分支;πS为空间感知注意力子分支;πC为任务感知注意力子分支。Avg pool为平均池化;Index为索引特征;Offset为特征偏移量;fc为全连接层;normalize为归一化操作。
, figureFileSmall=kO/d+/cOkOadsA1oRdyIYA==, figureFileBig=xl161aZIEw8jcy5VMnXTSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828236922413963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Overall architecture of the MA-YOLOv11 flower state recognition model, figureFileSmall=O53hlhMhlCNDSqxWRpE2ew==, figureFileBig=X0V2Y0CW8Oww3aNYDppxLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828236997911436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
MA-YOLOv11花朵状态识别模型整体结构注:Detect是检测头模块;DWConv为深度可分离卷积模块;Conv2d为二维标准卷积模块;CIoU为完整IoU损失函数;ATFL为自适应焦点损失函数。
, figureFileSmall=O53hlhMhlCNDSqxWRpE2ew==, figureFileBig=X0V2Y0CW8Oww3aNYDppxLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828237073408909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Structure diagram of the universal inverted bottleneck (UIB) block, figureFileSmall=8oOcaawInpNzHOKnFy8Dxw==, figureFileBig=hyEao8X7t6/8PH6foPU2YQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828237132129166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
通用逆瓶颈(UIB)模块结构示意图, figureFileSmall=8oOcaawInpNzHOKnFy8Dxw==, figureFileBig=hyEao8X7t6/8PH6foPU2YQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828237195043727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Comparison of visualization results of the DD-YOLOv11 model, figureFileSmall=9JUGfLn1nr+I6Ph0iTb+AA==, figureFileBig=57gFN74bkp28nETpkeoPUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828237257958288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
DD-YOLOv11模型可视化结果对比, figureFileSmall=9JUGfLn1nr+I6Ph0iTb+AA==, figureFileBig=57gFN74bkp28nETpkeoPUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828237320872849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Comparison of visualization results of the MA-YOLOv11 model, figureFileSmall=Bv4faDAPgtrA3x09Xvwd9Q==, figureFileBig=Pd4XUgye7DP3CTmZHDeDUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828237387981714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
MA-YOLOv11模型可视化结果对比, figureFileSmall=Bv4faDAPgtrA3x09Xvwd9Q==, figureFileBig=Pd4XUgye7DP3CTmZHDeDUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828237459284883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Confusion matrices of different models, figureFileSmall=7UPsymVy89aCLG59+PUcpA==, figureFileBig=OYXptJkG/wEacZSHPEHCDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828237538976660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
不同模型混淆矩阵, figureFileSmall=7UPsymVy89aCLG59+PUcpA==, figureFileBig=OYXptJkG/wEacZSHPEHCDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1299828237610279829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Division of the tomato flower cluster dataset
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数据集 Dataset | 番茄花穗图像数量 Number of tomato flower cluster images |
| 训练集Training set | 2880 |
| 验证集Validation set | 360 |
| 测试集Testing set | 360 |
), ArticleFig(id=1299828237681582998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
花穗数据集划分
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数据集 Dataset | 番茄花穗图像数量 Number of tomato flower cluster images |
| 训练集Training set | 2880 |
| 验证集Validation set | 360 |
| 测试集Testing set | 360 |
), ArticleFig(id=1299828237824189335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Classification of tomato flower states
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花朵状态 Flower state | 分类依据 Classification criteria |
花蕾期 Flower bud stage | 花朵尚未开放,花瓣完全包裹在萼片内,形态呈椭圆或球形,颜色偏浅绿或黄绿色 |
花裂期 Cracked bud stage | 花瓣开始从萼片中伸出,花朵部分开放,花瓣基部可见,颜色由浅黄逐渐加深 |
全开期 Full bloom stage | 花瓣完全展开,花形平展,雌蕊和雄蕊清晰可见,是授粉和受精的最佳时期 |
谢花期 Withered flower stage | 花瓣开始萎蔫、卷曲或脱落,颜色逐渐褪去,雄蕊花粉减少或消失 |
初果期 Initial fruit stage | 花瓣完全脱落,花萼包裹着幼果,果实直径较小且呈绿色 |
), ArticleFig(id=1299828237882909593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
花朵状态分类
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花朵状态 Flower state | 分类依据 Classification criteria |
花蕾期 Flower bud stage | 花朵尚未开放,花瓣完全包裹在萼片内,形态呈椭圆或球形,颜色偏浅绿或黄绿色 |
花裂期 Cracked bud stage | 花瓣开始从萼片中伸出,花朵部分开放,花瓣基部可见,颜色由浅黄逐渐加深 |
全开期 Full bloom stage | 花瓣完全展开,花形平展,雌蕊和雄蕊清晰可见,是授粉和受精的最佳时期 |
谢花期 Withered flower stage | 花瓣开始萎蔫、卷曲或脱落,颜色逐渐褪去,雄蕊花粉减少或消失 |
初果期 Initial fruit stage | 花瓣完全脱落,花萼包裹着幼果,果实直径较小且呈绿色 |
), ArticleFig(id=1299828237941629850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=
Distribution of labels for different flower states
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花朵状态 Flower state | 花朵状态各状态标签数量 Number of samples per flower state category |
| 花蕾期Flower bud stage | 4823 |
| 花裂期Cracked bud stage | 5176 |
| 全开期Full bloom stage | 6394 |
| 谢花期Withered flower stage | 3274 |
| 初果期Initial fruit stage | 3591 |
), ArticleFig(id=1299828238021321627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
花朵状态各状态标签分布
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花朵状态 Flower state | 花朵状态各状态标签数量 Number of samples per flower state category |
| 花蕾期Flower bud stage | 4823 |
| 花裂期Cracked bud stage | 5176 |
| 全开期Full bloom stage | 6394 |
| 谢花期Withered flower stage | 3274 |
| 初果期Initial fruit stage | 3591 |
), ArticleFig(id=1299828238088430493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=
Ablation study results of the DD-YOLOv11 model
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| DLKA | Dynamic head | 精确率 Precision P/% | 召回率 Recall R/% | 平均精 度均值 mAP@0.5/% | F1分数 F1/% | 推理速度 FPS/ (帧·s−1) |
| 注:-表示不使用该模块,√表示使用该模块。下同。 |
| Note: - means not using this module, and √ means using this module. The same below. |
| - | - | 91.25 | 85.10 | 85.70 | 88.07 | 56.4 |
| √ | - | 93.48 | 87.21 | 90.92 | 90.24 | 55.3 |
| - | √ | 92.63 | 88.35 | 91.34 | 90.44 | 57.1 |
| √ | √ | 95.27 | 90.35 | 94.19 | 92.73 | 59.5 |
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DD-YOLOv11模型消融试验结果
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| DLKA | Dynamic head | 精确率 Precision P/% | 召回率 Recall R/% | 平均精 度均值 mAP@0.5/% | F1分数 F1/% | 推理速度 FPS/ (帧·s−1) |
| 注:-表示不使用该模块,√表示使用该模块。下同。 |
| Note: - means not using this module, and √ means using this module. The same below. |
| - | - | 91.25 | 85.10 | 85.70 | 88.07 | 56.4 |
| √ | - | 93.48 | 87.21 | 90.92 | 90.24 | 55.3 |
| - | √ | 92.63 | 88.35 | 91.34 | 90.44 | 57.1 |
| √ | √ | 95.27 | 90.35 | 94.19 | 92.73 | 59.5 |
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Ablation study results of the MA-YOLOv11 model
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| MobileNetV4 | ATFL | 精确率 Precision P/% | 召回率 Recall R/% | AP/% | 平均精度均值 mAP@0.5/% | F1分数 F1/% | 推理速度FPS/ (帧·s−1) |
花蕾期 Bud | 花裂期 Cack | 全开期 Full | 谢花期 Wither | 初果期 Initial |
| - | - | 91.02 | 88.77 | 84.50 | 92.83 | 96.21 | 87.58 | 90.31 | 90.27 | 89.88 | 60.5 |
| √ | - | 93.36 | 89.45 | 88.12 | 93.05 | 96.42 | 92.14 | 91.16 | 92.18 | 91.36 | 61.8 |
| - | √ | 92.58 | 90.13 | 85.74 | 93.81 | 97.05 | 93.61 | 95.14 | 93.07 | 91.34 | 60.4 |
| √ | √ | 96.26 | 91.74 | 91.61 | 97.37 | 98.93 | 94.05 | 95.94 | 95.58 | 93.95 | 61.1 |
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MA-YOLOv11模型消融试验结果
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| MobileNetV4 | ATFL | 精确率 Precision P/% | 召回率 Recall R/% | AP/% | 平均精度均值 mAP@0.5/% | F1分数 F1/% | 推理速度FPS/ (帧·s−1) |
花蕾期 Bud | 花裂期 Cack | 全开期 Full | 谢花期 Wither | 初果期 Initial |
| - | - | 91.02 | 88.77 | 84.50 | 92.83 | 96.21 | 87.58 | 90.31 | 90.27 | 89.88 | 60.5 |
| √ | - | 93.36 | 89.45 | 88.12 | 93.05 | 96.42 | 92.14 | 91.16 | 92.18 | 91.36 | 61.8 |
| - | √ | 92.58 | 90.13 | 85.74 | 93.81 | 97.05 | 93.61 | 95.14 | 93.07 | 91.34 | 60.4 |
| √ | √ | 96.26 | 91.74 | 91.61 | 97.37 | 98.93 | 94.05 | 95.94 | 95.58 | 93.95 | 61.1 |
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Comparison of experimental results of the DD-YOLOv11 model and other models
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模型 Models | 精确率 Precision P/% | 召回率 Recall R/% | 平均精度 均值 mAP@0.5/% | F1分数 F1/% | 推理速度FPS/ (帧·s−1) |
| SSD | 72.84 | 65.37 | 68.12 | 68.89 | 43.6 |
| Faster R-CNN | 83.92 | 76.25 | 78.46 | 79.91 | 19.2 |
| RT-DETR-R34 | 88.73 | 76.48 | 86.87 | 82.19 | 44.3 |
| YOLOv5 | 84.70 | 88.30 | 87.10 | 86.47 | 52.6 |
| YOLOv8 | 90.98 | 78.37 | 89.09 | 84.21 | 55.1 |
| YOLOv11 | 91.25 | 85.10 | 85.70 | 88.07 | 56.4 |
| YOLOv12 | 90.78 | 83.46 | 87.92 | 86.96 | 56.1 |
| YOLOv13 | 90.96 | 84.29 | 85.07 | 87.32 | 55.9 |
| DD-YOLOv11 | 95.27 | 90.35 | 94.19 | 92.73 | 59.5 |
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DD-YOLOv11模型试验结果对比
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模型 Models | 精确率 Precision P/% | 召回率 Recall R/% | 平均精度 均值 mAP@0.5/% | F1分数 F1/% | 推理速度FPS/ (帧·s−1) |
| SSD | 72.84 | 65.37 | 68.12 | 68.89 | 43.6 |
| Faster R-CNN | 83.92 | 76.25 | 78.46 | 79.91 | 19.2 |
| RT-DETR-R34 | 88.73 | 76.48 | 86.87 | 82.19 | 44.3 |
| YOLOv5 | 84.70 | 88.30 | 87.10 | 86.47 | 52.6 |
| YOLOv8 | 90.98 | 78.37 | 89.09 | 84.21 | 55.1 |
| YOLOv11 | 91.25 | 85.10 | 85.70 | 88.07 | 56.4 |
| YOLOv12 | 90.78 | 83.46 | 87.92 | 86.96 | 56.1 |
| YOLOv13 | 90.96 | 84.29 | 85.07 | 87.32 | 55.9 |
| DD-YOLOv11 | 95.27 | 90.35 | 94.19 | 92.73 | 59.5 |
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Comparison of experimental results of the MA-YOLOv11 model and other models
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模型 Models | 精确率 Precision P/% | 召回率 Recall R/% | AP/% | 平均精度均值 mAP@0.5/% | F1分数 F1/% | 推理速度FPS/ (帧·s−1) |
花蕾期 Bud | 花裂期 Crack | 全开期 Full | 谢花期 Witherr | 初果期 Initial |
| SSD | 74.36 | 66.42 | 56.31 | 77.85 | 88.03 | 58.69 | 63.97 | 68.97 | 70.17 | 44.5 |
| Faster R-CNN | 82.95 | 75.80 | 68.11 | 83.41 | 92.84 | 72.77 | 79.57 | 79.34 | 79.20 | 21.7 |
| RT-DETR-R34 | 87.91 | 84.26 | 80.15 | 87.62 | 93.58 | 82.97 | 86.83 | 86.23 | 86.05 | 46.7 |
| YOLOv5 | 85.50 | 82.30 | 75.21 | 87.73 | 93.76 | 80.04 | 84.26 | 84.20 | 83.88 | 56.2 |
| YOLOv8 | 89.10 | 86.50 | 82.84 | 90.12 | 95.11 | 85.93 | 89.75 | 88.75 | 87.80 | 58.7 |
| YOLOv11 | 91.02 | 88.77 | 84.50 | 92.83 | 96.21 | 87.58 | 90.31 | 90.27 | 89.88 | 60.5 |
| YOLOv12 | 90.47 | 87.29 | 82.86 | 91.37 | 95.15 | 85.82 | 88.94 | 88.83 | 88.85 | 59.7 |
| YOLOv13 | 89.86 | 86.43 | 82.11 | 90.59 | 94.62 | 84.73 | 87.86 | 87.98 | 88.12 | 58.9 |
| MA-YOLOv11 | 96.26 | 91.74 | 91.61 | 97.37 | 98.93 | 94.05 | 95.94 | 95.58 | 93.95 | 61.1 |
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MA-YOLOv11模型试验结果对比
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模型 Models | 精确率 Precision P/% | 召回率 Recall R/% | AP/% | 平均精度均值 mAP@0.5/% | F1分数 F1/% | 推理速度FPS/ (帧·s−1) |
花蕾期 Bud | 花裂期 Crack | 全开期 Full | 谢花期 Witherr | 初果期 Initial |
| SSD | 74.36 | 66.42 | 56.31 | 77.85 | 88.03 | 58.69 | 63.97 | 68.97 | 70.17 | 44.5 |
| Faster R-CNN | 82.95 | 75.80 | 68.11 | 83.41 | 92.84 | 72.77 | 79.57 | 79.34 | 79.20 | 21.7 |
| RT-DETR-R34 | 87.91 | 84.26 | 80.15 | 87.62 | 93.58 | 82.97 | 86.83 | 86.23 | 86.05 | 46.7 |
| YOLOv5 | 85.50 | 82.30 | 75.21 | 87.73 | 93.76 | 80.04 | 84.26 | 84.20 | 83.88 | 56.2 |
| YOLOv8 | 89.10 | 86.50 | 82.84 | 90.12 | 95.11 | 85.93 | 89.75 | 88.75 | 87.80 | 58.7 |
| YOLOv11 | 91.02 | 88.77 | 84.50 | 92.83 | 96.21 | 87.58 | 90.31 | 90.27 | 89.88 | 60.5 |
| YOLOv12 | 90.47 | 87.29 | 82.86 | 91.37 | 95.15 | 85.82 | 88.94 | 88.83 | 88.85 | 59.7 |
| YOLOv13 | 89.86 | 86.43 | 82.11 | 90.59 | 94.62 | 84.73 | 87.86 | 87.98 | 88.12 | 58.9 |
| MA-YOLOv11 | 96.26 | 91.74 | 91.61 | 97.37 | 98.93 | 94.05 | 95.94 | 95.58 | 93.95 | 61.1 |
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Performance comparison between single-stage and two-stage detection pipelines
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检测流程 Detection pipeline | 精确率 Precision P/% | 召回率 Recall R/% | F1分数 F1/% | 平均精度均值 mAP@0.5/% | 推理速度FPS/ (帧·s−1) |
单阶段 Single-stage | 84.62 | 81.35 | 82.95 | 83.78 | 45.8 |
两阶段 Two-stage | 92.18 | 86.47 | 89.24 | 90.83 | 38.4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1299828238734353318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=CN, label=表8, caption=
单阶段与两阶段级联检测流程性能对比
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检测流程 Detection pipeline | 精确率 Precision P/% | 召回率 Recall R/% | F1分数 F1/% | 平均精度均值 mAP@0.5/% | 推理速度FPS/ (帧·s−1) |
单阶段 Single-stage | 84.62 | 81.35 | 82.95 | 83.78 | 45.8 |
两阶段 Two-stage | 92.18 | 86.47 | 89.24 | 90.83 | 38.4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1299828238797267879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=EN, label=Tab.9, caption=
Cross-task performance comparison of different models
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模型 Models | 检测对象 Detection target | 精确率 Precision P/% | 召回率 Recall R/% | 平均精度均值 mAP@0.5/% | F1分数 F1/% |
| DD-YOLOv11 | 花穗 | 95.27 | 90.35 | 94.19 | 92.73 |
| 花朵 | 78.63 | 72.47 | 74.12 | 75.47 |
| MA-YOLOv11 | 花穗 | 82.31 | 79.12 | 80.24 | 80.70 |
| 花朵 | 96.26 | 91.74 | 95.58 | 93.95 |
), ArticleFig(id=1299828238860182440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1296125453100220459, articleId=1297211850752553076, language=CN, label=表9, caption=
不同模型在花穗与花朵检测任务上的跨任务性能对比
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模型 Models | 检测对象 Detection target | 精确率 Precision P/% | 召回率 Recall R/% | 平均精度均值 mAP@0.5/% | F1分数 F1/% |
| DD-YOLOv11 | 花穗 | 95.27 | 90.35 | 94.19 | 92.73 |
| 花朵 | 78.63 | 72.47 | 74.12 | 75.47 |
| MA-YOLOv11 | 花穗 | 82.31 | 79.12 | 80.24 | 80.70 |
| 花朵 | 96.26 | 91.74 | 95.58 | 93.95 |
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