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针对寿光设施农业长期面临的水资源消耗大、种养环节脱节、面源污染加重等突出问题，该文结合本地生产条件和北方气候特征，在同一标准日光温室试验条件下，构建平面明渠式（系统A）、智能立体式（系统B）两类鱼菜共生工程系统，设置传统土壤栽培+常规水产养殖为空白对照（CK），基于2021—2023年3年连续生产示范数据，通过系统监测水质指标、精准记录生产动态、科学核算成本收益，结合单因素方差分析与Duncan新复极差法开展差异性检验，系统评估两类系统的运行效能、实践适配性及经济效益，明确不同模式的应用场景与推广价值。结果表明：两类鱼菜共生系统均能实现养殖水体闭环净化，总氨氮（TAN）和亚硝酸盐氮（NO₂^--N）去除率分别达到85.1%和90.6%以上，换水率较CK降低90%以上，完全替代化肥施用、实现农药减量80%以上，有效破解传统种养模式的生态短板；差异性分析显示，系统B的TAN、NO₂^--N去除率显著高于系统A，去除速率分别提升18.3%、22.5%，系统A与系统B的换水率无显著差异，但两者均显著低于CK，节水效果凸显。与CK相比，系统A、系统B单位面积综合产值分别提升286.7%、411.1%，水资源利用率提高85%以上，劳动用工减少25%~54.2%，差异性分析表明，系统B的综合产值、水资源利用率显著高于系统A，系统A的劳动用工量显著高于系统B，两类系统的各项指标均与CK存在极显著差异（P<0.01）。实践应用显示，系统A适配普通农户规模化种植，操作简便、运维成本低，每亩单元年净利润8万~10万元，静态投资回收期4~5年，累计推广200余亩、覆盖农户86户；系统B适配农业园区集约化运营，自动化程度高、综合产出效益显著，每亩单元年净利润约14.7万元，静态投资回收期6~8年，已在5个农业园区推广应用，累计面积300余亩；CK年净利润仅3.2万元，三类模式的年净利润存在极显著差异（P<0.01）。本研究形成的“一水双收、生态循环”两类本土化技术模式，结合同一试验条件下的长期对比验证及差异性分析，填补了北方设施环境下鱼菜共生系统量化评估的研究空白，为北方地区设施农业绿色转型与循环农业发展提供可复制、可推广的工程解决方案，对推动设施园艺高质量发展、提升农业综合效益、助力乡村振兴具有重要实践意义。

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李新花，山东寿光人，本科，高级经济师，主要从事基层农业技术推广与设施农业生态化改造研究。

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李新花，山东寿光人，本科，高级经济师，主要从事基层农业技术推广与设施农业生态化改造研究。

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