Article(id=1325529184004760236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, issueId=1325529169907704394, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16236/j.cnki.nrjxb.202502019, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718899200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-21, revisedDate=1725206400000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960384607, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960384607, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960384607, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960384607, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325529169907704394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, year='2025', volume='43', issue='2', pageStart='97', pageEnd='191', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1742832000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960381247, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960495688, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1325529650201649216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, issueId=1325529169907704394, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1325529650201649217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, issueId=1325529169907704394, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=158, endPage=163, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325529184260612781, articleId=1325529184004760236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, language=EN, title=Variation of diesel density at high temperature and high pressure, columnId=null, journalTitle=Transactions of CSICE, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Diesel density is an important parameter that must be set in design and simulation of a modern diesel engine fuel system. Diesel density varies greatly with temperature and pressure, and the accuracy of density is an important guarantee for the correctness of fuel system design and simulation. The wave velocity of national standard No.0 diesel under high temperature and high pressure was measured using a self-designed test platform of fuel pressure wave velocity, and the corresponding diesel density was derived and calculated. The law of variation of diesel density with temperature and pressure was obtained. The results show that the diesel density decreases with the increase of temperature and increases with the increase of pressure, and the influence of pressure on diesel density is much greater than that of temperature. Every increase of 10K in the temperature of 300—360K, the average density decreases by 0.004043—0.006038g/mL, and the higher the pressure, the smaller the density decreases with temperature. In the pressure of 20—200MPa, the density increases by 0.003844—0.004509g/mL on average with every increase of 10MPa. The higher the temperature, the greater the density increases with the pressure.

, authors=Ping Chen1, Rongwu Xu1, Zhenming Liu1, Jingbin Liu1, Liting Li2, Mei Li2, authorsList=Ping Chen, Rongwu Xu, Zhenming Liu, Jingbin Liu, Liting Li, Mei Li, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhenming Liu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325529186059969218, articleId=1325529184004760236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, language=CN, title=高温高压下柴油密度的变化, columnId=null, journalTitle=内燃机学报, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

柴油密度是现代柴油机燃油系统设计和仿真中必须设置的重要参数.柴油密度随温度和压力变化较大,密度的准确性是燃油系统设计和仿真正确性的重要保证.利用自行设计的燃油压力波传播速度测试台对国标0号柴油高温、高压条件下的波速进行测试,并推导计算出相应的柴油密度,获得柴油密度随温度和压力的变化规律.结果表明:柴油密度随温度的升高而减小,随压力的升高而增大,且压力对柴油密度的影响远大于温度.在温度为300~360K、压力保持恒定的情况下,温度每升高10K,密度平均下降0.004043~0.006038g/mL,压力越高,密度随温度下降幅度越小;在压力为20~200MPa、温度保持恒定的情况下,压力每增加10MPa,密度平均增加0.003844~0.004509g/mL,温度越高,密度随压力增加的幅度越大.

, authors=陈萍1, 徐荣武1, 刘振明1, 刘景斌1, 李丽婷2, 李梅2, authorsList=陈萍, 徐荣武, 刘振明, 刘景斌, 李丽婷, 李梅, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘振明, authorNote=

陈萍,硕士,副教授,.

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刘振明,博士,教授,.
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陈萍,硕士,副教授,.

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陈萍,硕士,副教授,.

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1—压力表;2—温度表;3—超高压截止阀;4—低压调压阀;5—中压调压阀;6—高压调压阀;7—加热器;8—过滤器;9—低压油泵;10—高压油泵;11,12—电机;13—高压过滤器;14—安全阀;15—压力传感器;16—高压进油接头;17—低压进油接头;18—出油接头;19—放油球阀;20—中压截止阀;21—压力波传感器A;22—压力波传感器B.

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1325529184004760236, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of fitting degree of diesel velocity with different fitting methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数线性二次方三次方四次方
R20.97270.98770.99450.9949
残差范数0.103200.069220.046520.04455
), ArticleFig(id=1325529193408389892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1325529184004760236, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

柴油声速不同拟合方式拟合程度对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数线性二次方三次方四次方
R20.97270.98770.99450.9949
残差范数0.103200.069220.046520.04455
), ArticleFig(id=1325529193488081669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1325529184004760236, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Fitting coefficient

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度/K A1 A2 A3 A4
3001.2160.006887-3.711×10-59.252×10-8
3101.2030.005729-2.056×10-53.905×10-8
3201.2130.004723-7.564×10-6-7.962×10-9
3301.2320.0034764.441×10-6-4.027×10-8
3401.1540.005300-1.387×10-51.443×10-8
3501.0750.007852-4.46×10-51.152×10-7
3601.0830.006255-2.624×10-55.878×10-8
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拟合系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度/K A1 A2 A3 A4
3001.2160.006887-3.711×10-59.252×10-8
3101.2030.005729-2.056×10-53.905×10-8
3201.2130.004723-7.564×10-6-7.962×10-9
3301.2320.0034764.441×10-6-4.027×10-8
3401.1540.005300-1.387×10-51.443×10-8
3501.0750.007852-4.46×10-51.152×10-7
3601.0830.006255-2.624×10-55.878×10-8
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Comparison of fitting degree of diesel initial density with different fitting methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数线性二次方三次方
R20.95170.95730.9579
残差范数0.0082660.0077710.077140
), ArticleFig(id=1325529193701991176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1325529184004760236, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

柴油初始密度不同拟合方式的拟合程度对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数线性二次方三次方
R20.95170.95730.9579
残差范数0.0082660.0077710.077140
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高温高压下柴油密度的变化
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陈萍 1 , 徐荣武 1 , 刘振明 1 , 刘景斌 1 , 李丽婷 2 , 李梅 2
内燃机学报 | 2025,43(2): 158-163
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内燃机学报 | 2025 , 43 (2) : 158 -163
高温高压下柴油密度的变化
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陈萍1 , 徐荣武1, 刘振明1 , 刘景斌1, 李丽婷2, 李梅2
作者信息
  • 1.海军工程大学动力工程学院,武汉 430033
  • 2.先进船舶发动机技术全国重点实验室,上海 201100
通讯作者:
刘振明,博士,教授,.
作者简介:

陈萍,硕士,副教授,.

Variation of diesel density at high temperature and high pressure
Ping Chen1 , Rongwu Xu1, Zhenming Liu1 , Jingbin Liu1, Liting Li2, Mei Li2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Power Engineering,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China
  • 2.National Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Engine Technology,Shanghai 201100,China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.16236/j.cnki.nrjxb.202502019
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柴油密度是现代柴油机燃油系统设计和仿真中必须设置的重要参数.柴油密度随温度和压力变化较大,密度的准确性是燃油系统设计和仿真正确性的重要保证.利用自行设计的燃油压力波传播速度测试台对国标0号柴油高温、高压条件下的波速进行测试,并推导计算出相应的柴油密度,获得柴油密度随温度和压力的变化规律.结果表明:柴油密度随温度的升高而减小,随压力的升高而增大,且压力对柴油密度的影响远大于温度.在温度为300~360K、压力保持恒定的情况下,温度每升高10K,密度平均下降0.004043~0.006038g/mL,压力越高,密度随温度下降幅度越小;在压力为20~200MPa、温度保持恒定的情况下,压力每增加10MPa,密度平均增加0.003844~0.004509g/mL,温度越高,密度随压力增加的幅度越大.

柴油机  /  燃油系统  /  柴油密度  /  压力波传播速度

Diesel density is an important parameter that must be set in design and simulation of a modern diesel engine fuel system. Diesel density varies greatly with temperature and pressure, and the accuracy of density is an important guarantee for the correctness of fuel system design and simulation. The wave velocity of national standard No.0 diesel under high temperature and high pressure was measured using a self-designed test platform of fuel pressure wave velocity, and the corresponding diesel density was derived and calculated. The law of variation of diesel density with temperature and pressure was obtained. The results show that the diesel density decreases with the increase of temperature and increases with the increase of pressure, and the influence of pressure on diesel density is much greater than that of temperature. Every increase of 10K in the temperature of 300—360K, the average density decreases by 0.004043—0.006038g/mL, and the higher the pressure, the smaller the density decreases with temperature. In the pressure of 20—200MPa, the density increases by 0.003844—0.004509g/mL on average with every increase of 10MPa. The higher the temperature, the greater the density increases with the pressure.

diesel engine  /  fuel system  /  diesel density  /  pressure wave velocity
陈萍, 徐荣武, 刘振明, 刘景斌, 李丽婷, 李梅. 高温高压下柴油密度的变化. 内燃机学报, 2025 , 43 (2) : 158 -163 . DOI: 10.16236/j.cnki.nrjxb.202502019
Ping Chen, Rongwu Xu, Zhenming Liu, Jingbin Liu, Liting Li, Mei Li. Variation of diesel density at high temperature and high pressure[J]. Transactions of CSICE, 2025 , 43 (2) : 158 -163 . DOI: 10.16236/j.cnki.nrjxb.202502019
现代柴油机燃油系统设计主要依赖仿真手段,在柴油机燃油系统一维性能仿真及三维流体分析中,密度均是必须设置的重要参数,对仿真精度具有重要影响.当前柴油机主要采用高压燃油喷射技术,喷射压力为160~250MPa,随着柴油机排放和经济性要求的不断提升,燃油喷射压力逐步提高[1].柴油密度随温度变化呈抛物线趋势[2],在柴油机实际工作温度条件下,随温度的升高而降低,随压力升高而升高.
在柴油机燃油系统一维和三维仿真中,密度均采用的是常温、常压下密度值或自定值.采用常温、常压下密度值进行高压燃油喷射仿真,误差较大;而自定值多采用国外文献中密度计算经验公式或密度测试数据,由于各国的柴油成分不同,其物理特性存在差异,密度自定值不适用于中国研究,因而有必要针对国内常用柴油开展密度随温度、压力变化的研究.
Ndiaye等[3]利用热物理试验方法测量了温度为283.15~403.15K、压力为0.10~200.00MPa条件下的密度值.Safarov等[4]用DMA HPM振动管密度计测量了温度为263.15~468.40K、压力为0.10~200.00MPa条件下的密度值,并用状态方程(EOS)拟合了柴油的密度、压力和温度数据,建立了三者的关系函数.Payri等[5]利用喷射试验台测量了3种不同种类燃料的声速,计算出温度为298~343K、压力为15~180MPa条件下的密度值,得到了压力、温度和密度之间的相互影响规律.Rodriguez-Anton等[6]对常压为140MPa下4种柴油密度进行了测量,提出了一种由常压密度值估计高压密度值的方法.以上研究虽然获得了柴油密度的计算经验公式,但只局限于某种柴油,种类不同,化学成分不同,密度经验计算公式存在较大差异,不适用于油品密度分析.
Meng等[7]采用了7种经验公式估算了3种柴油的密度.张建明等[8]对温度范围为293~353K、压力为0.1~140.0MPa条件下柴油密度进行了试验,在其基础上得出了柴油密度随压力和温度变化的经验公式.李海洋等[9]利用高压共轨试验台测试了不同压力下的燃油音速,并计算出20~160MPa条件下燃油密度值,以及燃油密度随轨压变化的规律.由于技术限制,燃料特性测量所能达到的最大值有限,喷射过程中所涉及的典型高压和高温也很难达到,大多研究集中在160MPa以下[10],更高喷油压力且高温条件下的柴油密度特性还需进一步研究.
基于此,笔者选用国内0号柴油,对温度为300~360K、压力为20~200MPa范围条件下高压油管内的压力波传播速度和柴油密度进行试验测试与计算,研究温度和压力对柴油密度变化的影响,得出压力波传播速度和柴油密度计算公式,以期为柴油机高压燃油系统的设计提供参考.
流体的声速是衡量其热力学特性的重要指标.流体的声速限定了在给定条件下压力波在流动中从一个位置向另一个位置的运动.图1为压力波的传播示意.在管道中,跟踪压力波传播的方法是假设一个振幅较小的扰动,从一个给定点传播到另一个给定点.这种扰动现象在介质中的传播将以单一速度v传播,可认为与波形和波的传播方向无关[5,11].当介质处于均匀状态时,波的传播方向和形式可以完全独立,v可由式(1)计算.
v=L/ts
式中:L为压力波传输路径的长度;ts为波穿过长度为L的距离所需要的传输时长.
流体声速还可表示为
v2=BS/ρ
式中:BS为等熵体积模量;ρ为流体密度.此外,BS和等温体积模量BT可分别定义为
BS=ρ(∂p∂ρ)S
BT=ρ(∂p∂ρ)T
式中:p为压力.BS与BT之间的关系可表示为
1BT=1BS+Tα2ρcp
式中:α为等压热膨胀系数;T为温度;cp为等压比热容.联合式(2)~式(5),得
(∂ρ∂p)T=1α2+Tα2ρcp
通过求解式(6),可得到流体密度与声速之间的明确关系,即
ρ(p,T)=ρ(p0,T)+∫p0pdpv2+T∫p0p(α2cp)  dp
式中:右侧第一项为大气压p0下不同温度流体的密度,是高温、高压下密度的初始值[12];右侧第2项为流体压力增大导致的流体密度增量,与声速相关,可通过等温线声速评估;右侧第3项为温度对体积变化进而对密度变化的影响.该项与等压比热容与等容比热容的差值cp-cv有关,对流体而言,cp/cv≈1,两者差值接近于0,因而研究不考虑第3项的影响[5,9].
可知,需对高压油管内压力波传播时间进行测量,获得不同压力、温度下压力波在柴油中传播的速度,同时,还需获得大气压下不同温度的柴油密度初始值,即可计算出高温、高压下柴油的实际密度,基于此,笔者通过试验的方法获得压力波传播速度和柴油初始密度.
图2为压力波传播速度检测系统原理示意,主要由高压燃油供给系统、恒温浴、高压共轨喷油器测试仪和压力波信号采集系统组成.
高压燃油供给系统调压范围为0~250MPa,最大供油量为12L/min,回油压力调节范围为0~30MPa.该系统由高压模块和中、低压模块组成,两台共轨泵分别向中压共轨管和高压共轨管提供油压.共轨管通过高压油管向测试件提供压力燃油.管路上增加支路,通过支路泄压的方式调节轨压.在各回油管路上设置有调节回油压力的调压阀.高压模块中所选用的高压共轨泵为博世CP4型高压共轨泵,其标定压力为250MPa,每转供油能力为1.33mL,由标定功率为22kW的电机驱动(最大转速为3000r/min),即最大供油量为4.00L/min;中、低压模块所选用的低压油泵为径向柱塞,其标定压力为60MPa,每转供油能力为8.35mL,由标定功率为18.5kW的电机驱动(最大转速为1500r/min),即最大供油量为12.53L/min,符合试验需求.共轨管为博世轨管,耐压为270MPa.恒温浴温度调节范围为室温至373K,控制精度为0.1K.
喷油器由共轨喷油器测试仪进行控制,可实现连续喷射.高压燃油供给系统出口和喷油器之间由一根长度为12.03m、直径为6mm的高压油管相连,两端安装有压力波传感器,传感器型号为Kistler的4067E3000DS1-2,测量范围为300MPa,测量最大偏差≤±0.8FSO,工作温度为-313~473K,带数字补偿功能.压力传感器信号通过Kistler 4624放大器放大,由示波器采集.
压力波通过高精度Kistler传感器和放大器测量.高压油管长为12.03m,两个压力波传感器置于两端,使得两个信号之间有足够的间隔时间,能够清晰地采集到信号,但管长也不易过长,避免信号衰减.
大气压力下柴油初始密度测试装置主要包括:盖吕-萨克比重瓶(50mL)、恒温浴和上海良平FA2204电子分析天平.恒温浴温控精度为0.1K,使柴油试样恒温至测定温度;上海良平FA2204电子分析天平的量程为220g,精度为0.1mg,对测试试样进行称重.
在不同燃油温度和轨压条件下,分别测量长度为12.03m、直径为6mm的高压油管内压力波动情况.喷油拉升为0.5ms,喷油脉宽为1.5ms.试验温度范围为300~360K,以10K为单位递增;试验压力范围为20~200MPa,以10MPa为单位递增.实测得到不同压力和温度下压力波传播速度.在试验中,由式(1)可知,柴油的声速是由高压油管入口到出口压力波的传播速度决定的.测量压力波从高压供给系统出口处(压力波传感器A)到喷油器入口处(压力波传感器B)的传播时间,分别计算出不同温度和压力下真实的压力波传播速度.由式(7)可知,通过测量常压下不同温度的柴油密度初始值、不同压力下传播速度和压力的关系就可以得到高压下柴油的真实密度.
根据式(7)可知,需对大气压力下不同温度(300~360K,以10K递增)的柴油密度进行测量.采用GB/T 2013—2010《液体石油化工产品密度测定法》中的比重瓶法对常压下不同温度的柴油初始密度进行测量[12].将试验柴油试样装入盖吕-萨克比重瓶,利用恒温浴使柴油试样恒温至测定温度,然后用分析天平进行称重.由这一质量除以在相同比重瓶中水的重量与其密度值比,即可计算出试验柴油试样的密度.任意温度下,柴油试样的密度可由式(8)或式(9)计算.
当tt=tc时,按式(8)计算柴油试样密度ρt,即
ρt=[(mt−m0)ρc]/(mc−m0)+C
式中:tc为比重瓶用水校准时的温度(参比温度为293K);m0为空比重瓶在空气中的表观质量;mc为校准温度tc时盛水比重瓶在空气中的表观质量;mt为测定温度tt时盛柴油试样比重瓶在空气中的表观质量;C为空气浮力修正值;ρc为校准温度tc时水的密度;ρt为测定温度tt时柴油试样的密度.
当tt≠tc时,计算柴油试样密度ρt的表达式为
ρt=[(mt−m0)ρc(mc−m0)+C][11−α1(tc−tt)]
式中:α1为玻璃的体积膨胀系数,研究用盖吕-萨克比重瓶为硼硅玻璃材质,α1=10×10-6K-1.
图3示出轨压为200MPa、温度为300K条件下的测试结果.压力波从高压供给系统出口到喷油器入口处传播的时间为ts,3次测量结果取平均值.
由式(1)可算出柴油中压力波的传播速度,测量并计算出温度为300~360K、压力范围为20~200MPa条件下的压力波传播速度.图4为压力波传播速度随压力变化.压力波传播速度随压力的增加而增大,变化呈近似线性关系.当压力从20MPa增加到200MPa,压力波传播速度增加幅度约为0.52m/ms,约增加41%.
图5为压力波传播速度随温度变化.可知,压力波传播速度随温度的增加而减小.当温度从300K增加到360K时,压力波传播速度减小幅度约为0.11m/ms,约减小0.07%.可知,压力波变化对压力和温度的依赖性不同,压力变化对压力波传播速度的影响更大.
表1为柴油声速不同拟合方式拟合程度对比.对获得的压力波传播速度数据和压力进行最小二乘法拟合,分别进行了线性、二次方、三次方和四次方多项式拟合.以300K条件为例,从拟合数据来看,线性拟合和二次方拟合的R2分别为0.9727和0.9877,拟合偏差较大,三次方和四次方拟合的R2分别为0.9945和0.9949,且残差范数均约为0.04000,拟合效果较接近,如图6所示.因而笔者采用三次方拟合方法来获得等温条件下压力和声速之间的多项式关系(式10).由拟合式可算出不同压力和温度下压力波传播速度,即柴油的声速,有
v=A1+A2p+A3p2+A4p3
式中:A1、A2、A3和A4分别为不同温度下的系数,其对应的拟合系数如表2所示.
笔者测量大气压力条件下不同温度的柴油初始密度,采用3次测量求平均值的方法获得.对获得的密度数据和温度进行最小二乘法拟合,分别进行了线性、二次方和三次方多项式拟合,如图7所示.表3为柴油初始密度不同拟合方式的拟合程度对比.
可知,线性拟合R2为0.9517、残差范数为0.008266,拟合偏差较大,二次方和三次方拟合的R2分别为0.9573和0.9579,且残差范数相近,拟合效果接近(图6),因而笔者采用二次方拟合方法来获得柴油初始密度与温度之间的多项式拟合关系,得到的拟合多项式见式(11).由拟合公式可算出不同温度条件下柴油的初始密度ρ0.
ρ=B1+B2T+B3T2
式中:B1、B2和B3分别为初始密度计算系数,有B1=0.7102,B2=0.001335,B3=-3.073×10-6.
根据不同压力、温度下柴油的声速和大气压力环境下柴油的初始密度值,由式(7)、式(10)和式(11)得到式(12),可计算出高压条件下的柴油密度.
ρ(p,T)=B1+B2T+B3T2+    ∫p0pdp(A1+A2p+A3p2+A4p3)2
图8为柴油密度随温度变化.随温度升高,柴油密度降低,这是因为温度升高后液体分子之间的空间变大,密度便会降低.在温度从300K升至360K、压力为20~200MPa条件下,密度下降的范围为0.02426~0.03623g/mL.压力越高,密度随温度下降幅度越小.在压力为20MPa条件下,温度每升高10K,密度平均减小0.006038g/mL;在压力为200MPa条件下,温度每升高10K,密度平均减小0.004043g/mL.
图9为不同压力下的柴油密度.随压力升高,柴油密度升高,因为压力增加,液体分子之间的空间被压缩,密度变大.压力与密度近似呈线性关系.在压力从20MPa升高至200MPa、温度为300~360K条件下,密度升高幅度的范围为0.06919~0.08116g/ mL.温度越高,密度随压力增加幅度越大.在温度为300K条件下,压力每增加10MPa,密度平均增加0.003844g/mL;在温度为360K条件下,压力每增加10MPa,密度平均增加0.004509g/mL.压力对密度变化的影响大于温度对密度的影响.
图10为试验数据和拟合公式结果对比.测量值为笔者实测0.1MPa条件下国标0号柴油的密度,拟合方法1、方法2、方法3分别对应笔者测量值、文献[8]和文献[5],其中3种方法的柴油样本分别为国标0号柴油、国标-20号柴油和Repsol Elite柴油.在压力为0.1MPa条件下,3种方法与柴油密度测量值的最大偏差分别为0.004567、0.01283和0.004659g/ mL.在压力为140.0MPa条件下,3种方法最大偏差为0.0171g/mL.偏差产生的原因主要因为试验用柴油的品种不同则密度不同,环境温度波动、试验高压油管长度受温度、压力影响及仪器设备测量精度不同等也会造成以上偏差.
(1) 柴油密度随温度的升高而减小,随压力的升高而增加,且压力对柴油密度影响远大于温度.
(2) 在温度范围为300~360K条件下,每升高10K,密度平均下降0.004043~0/mL,压力越高,密度随温度下降幅度越小.
(3) 在压力范围为20~200MPa条件下,每增加10MPa,密度平均增加0.003844~0/mL,温度越高,密度随压力增加幅度越大.
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doi: 10.16236/j.cnki.nrjxb.202502019
  • 接收时间:2024-06-21
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-21
  • 修回日期:2024-09-02
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(51879269)
作者信息
    1.海军工程大学动力工程学院,武汉 430033
    2.先进船舶发动机技术全国重点实验室,上海 201100

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刘振明,博士,教授,.
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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