Article(id=1325516992245019449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, issueId=1325516904667951420, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16236/j.cnki.nrjxb.202504038, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736438400000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-10, revisedDate=1745337600000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793957477866, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793957477866, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793957477866, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793957477866, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325516904667951420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, year='2025', volume='43', issue='4', pageStart='289', pageEnd='383', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753372800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793957456986, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793959854445, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1325526961023640114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, issueId=1325516904667951420, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1325526961023640115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, issueId=1325516904667951420, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=333, endPage=339, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325516994010821434, articleId=1325516992245019449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, language=EN, title=Analysis of “quality-quantity” process of cycle fuel energy in internal combustion engine, columnId=null, journalTitle=Transactions of CSICE, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to construct a quality evaluation system of internal combustion engine working cycle with a predictable, measurable and evaluable way, an analysis method of the “quality-quantity” process of cycle fuel energy was elaborated in detail. Based on the results of the one-dimensional simulation software for the engine working process, the entropy change(qualitative change) and enthalpy change(quantity change) of the cycle working fluid were calculated by the temperature-entropy relationship(T-S diagram), the energy loss path of working fluid of internal combustion engines was analyzed from the whole cycle process, and the energy quality loss and quantity dissipation of the working fluid were quantitatively evaluated. Comparing the “quality-quantity” process of the cycle working fluid under the intake pressure of 0.1MPa and 0.2MPa, the results show that the entropy increment of the exhaust working fluid decreases by 5.42%, the energy quality loss is inhibited, the exhaust enthalpy increment decreases by 35.19%, and the energy quantity dissipation decreases under the intake pressure of 0.2MPa. The “quality-quantity” process analysis of the working fluid of the internal combustion engine cycle based on the simulation data can realize the quantitative evaluation of the total cycle course of the energy quality loss and quantity dissipation of the working fluid, which has universal applicability and certain useful value.

, authors=Yanhui Chen1, Yongqiang Han1, Kechao Zhang1, Zhenbo Xu2, authorsList=Yanhui Chen, Yongqiang Han, Kechao Zhang, Zhenbo Xu, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yongqiang Han, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325516999467610973, articleId=1325516992245019449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, language=CN, title=内燃机循环燃料能量的“质-量”历程分析, columnId=null, journalTitle=内燃机学报, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为构建调控手段效能可预、可测且可评的内燃机工作循环品质评价体系,详细阐述了一种循环燃料能量“质-量”历程分析方法.基于发动机一维工作过程仿真软件的结果,通过温-熵关系(T-S图)计算循环工质熵变(质变)和焓变(量变),从全循环历程上分析内燃机工质能量的损耗途径,定量评价工质能量品质损降和数量耗散.对比了进气压力为0.1MPa和0.2MPa两种工况下的循环工质“质-量”历程,结果表明:进气压力为0.2MPa工况下,排气工质熵增量减小5.42%,能量品质损降得到抑制,排气焓增量减小35.19%,能量数量耗散减小.基于仿真数据开展的内燃机循环工质“质-量”历程分析可以实现工质能量品质损降和数量耗散的全循环历程定量评价,具有普适性和一定的推广价值.

, authors=陈燕辉1, 韩永强1, 张科超1, 徐振波2, authorsList=陈燕辉, 韩永强, 张科超, 徐振波, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=韩永强, authorNote=

陈燕辉,硕士研究生,.

, correspAuthorsNote=
韩永强,博士,教授,博士生导师,.
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陈燕辉,硕士研究生,.

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陈燕辉,硕士研究生,.

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Main parameters of the simulation model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
缸径/mm126.5
活塞行程/mm166
气缸数6
压缩比20.6
连杆长度/mm261
最大循环供油量/mg210
活塞顶表面温度(经验值)/K600
气缸盖表面温度(经验值)/K550
气缸套表面温度(经验值)/K450
), ArticleFig(id=1325517011979219862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1325516992245019449, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

仿真模型的主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
缸径/mm126.5
活塞行程/mm166
气缸数6
压缩比20.6
连杆长度/mm261
最大循环供油量/mg210
活塞顶表面温度(经验值)/K600
气缸盖表面温度(经验值)/K550
气缸套表面温度(经验值)/K450
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Boundary parameters of the two operating conditions

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参数工况1工况2
进气压力pin /MPa0.10.2
进气温度/K293293
转速/(r·min-1)11001100
喷油质量/mg210210
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两组工况的边界参数

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参数工况1工况2
进气压力pin /MPa0.10.2
进气温度/K293293
转速/(r·min-1)11001100
喷油质量/mg210210
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Performance of internal combustion engine under different conditions

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参数工况1工况2
转矩/(N·m)2004.552240.51
功率/kW230.90258.08
有效燃油消耗率/(g·kW-1·h-1)180.07161.10
热效率/%48.1153.59
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不同工况下内燃机性能

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转矩/(N·m)2004.552240.51
功率/kW230.90258.08
有效燃油消耗率/(g·kW-1·h-1)180.07161.10
热效率/%48.1153.59
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内燃机循环燃料能量的“质-量”历程分析
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陈燕辉 1 , 韩永强 1 , 张科超 1 , 徐振波 2
内燃机学报 | 2025,43(4): 333-339
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内燃机学报 | 2025 , 43 (4) : 333 -339
内燃机循环燃料能量的“质-量”历程分析
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陈燕辉1 , 韩永强1 , 张科超1, 徐振波2
作者信息
  • 1.吉林大学汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室,长春 130025
  • 2.中国第一汽车集团有限公司,长春 130000
通讯作者:
韩永强,博士,教授,博士生导师,.
作者简介:

陈燕辉,硕士研究生,.

Analysis of “quality-quantity” process of cycle fuel energy in internal combustion engine
Yanhui Chen1 , Yongqiang Han1 , Kechao Zhang1, Zhenbo Xu2
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control,Jilin University,Changchun 130025,China
  • 2.China FAW Group Company Limited,Changchun 130000,China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.16236/j.cnki.nrjxb.202504038
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为构建调控手段效能可预、可测且可评的内燃机工作循环品质评价体系,详细阐述了一种循环燃料能量“质-量”历程分析方法.基于发动机一维工作过程仿真软件的结果,通过温-熵关系(T-S图)计算循环工质熵变(质变)和焓变(量变),从全循环历程上分析内燃机工质能量的损耗途径,定量评价工质能量品质损降和数量耗散.对比了进气压力为0.1MPa和0.2MPa两种工况下的循环工质“质-量”历程,结果表明:进气压力为0.2MPa工况下,排气工质熵增量减小5.42%,能量品质损降得到抑制,排气焓增量减小35.19%,能量数量耗散减小.基于仿真数据开展的内燃机循环工质“质-量”历程分析可以实现工质能量品质损降和数量耗散的全循环历程定量评价,具有普适性和一定的推广价值.

内燃机  /  循环工质  /  “质-量”历程  /  循环燃料能量

In order to construct a quality evaluation system of internal combustion engine working cycle with a predictable, measurable and evaluable way, an analysis method of the “quality-quantity” process of cycle fuel energy was elaborated in detail. Based on the results of the one-dimensional simulation software for the engine working process, the entropy change(qualitative change) and enthalpy change(quantity change) of the cycle working fluid were calculated by the temperature-entropy relationship(T-S diagram), the energy loss path of working fluid of internal combustion engines was analyzed from the whole cycle process, and the energy quality loss and quantity dissipation of the working fluid were quantitatively evaluated. Comparing the “quality-quantity” process of the cycle working fluid under the intake pressure of 0.1MPa and 0.2MPa, the results show that the entropy increment of the exhaust working fluid decreases by 5.42%, the energy quality loss is inhibited, the exhaust enthalpy increment decreases by 35.19%, and the energy quantity dissipation decreases under the intake pressure of 0.2MPa. The “quality-quantity” process analysis of the working fluid of the internal combustion engine cycle based on the simulation data can realize the quantitative evaluation of the total cycle course of the energy quality loss and quantity dissipation of the working fluid, which has universal applicability and certain useful value.

internal combustion engine  /  cycle working fluid  /  “quality-quantity” process  /  cycle fuel energy
陈燕辉, 韩永强, 张科超, 徐振波. 内燃机循环燃料能量的“质-量”历程分析. 内燃机学报, 2025 , 43 (4) : 333 -339 . DOI: 10.16236/j.cnki.nrjxb.202504038
Yanhui Chen, Yongqiang Han, Kechao Zhang, Zhenbo Xu. Analysis of “quality-quantity” process of cycle fuel energy in internal combustion engine[J]. Transactions of CSICE, 2025 , 43 (4) : 333 -339 . DOI: 10.16236/j.cnki.nrjxb.202504038
提高内燃机热效率,实现减污降碳协同增效是内燃机领域内长期的研究目标[1].近年来学者们提出了一系列提升发动机热效率的措施[2-4],如果能从根本上分析影响内燃机热效率的因素,以此充分提升热效率,即使燃用传统石化燃油也有望达到交通运输行业碳达峰的目标.通过内燃机能量流研究,有助于研究该系统的能量传递与转换过程[5].
在内燃机能量流方面,国内外学者们分析了不同燃烧模式[6]和冷却液温度[7]下内燃机的能量流,研究了不同工况下内燃机排气能量流[8]及排气能量回收[9]、缸内工质燃烧损失[10-11]、内燃机排气工质焓[12-14]和熵产[15-16].对能量流、流的研究能够通过损失体现能量的损耗,但并不能将能量的数量耗散与品质损降区分研究,且已有研究[17]都是针对参与循环的一部分工质(排气工质或气缸内工质)进行单独的能量研究,仅借助计算烟气与缸套水在循环放热区间的单位质量焓差对余热回收系统进行优化,对参与发动机整个循环全部工质的能量流研究较少.
焓变用于描述工质化学反应和热力学过程中能量的变化,可以描述能量数量耗散.熵表示系统的无序程度,熵变可用于描述能量的品质损降[18].分析工质的焓变和熵变,可以探究工质能量品质损降和数量耗散的根本原因,从工质能量本质分析抑制能量损耗的途径和提升热效率的方法.笔者提出内燃机循环燃料能量“质-量”历程分析,基于温度-熵(T-S)图,计算参与循环的所有工质的熵变(质变)和焓变(量变),清晰地体现整个循环过程中工质能量的变化,从工质能量本质分析循环工质能量数量耗散和品质损降的原因,可以分析影响热效率的机制.
笔者基于GT-Power对自然吸气与提高进气压力的两种不同工况进行仿真计算,对结果中的T-S图进行对比计算,以期发现提高热效率的主要因素,并验证通过内燃机循环燃料能量“质-量”历程方法分析工质能量流向的可行性.
为体现“质-量”历程分析方法的普适性,选取GT-Power中任意柴油机一维仿真模型,运行工况与第2节选取工况保持一致,通过软件获取T-S关系,进行标准热力学过程计算,得出内燃机循环工质熵变(质变)和焓变(量变)随曲轴转角的变化关系,对“质-量”历程分析方法进行详细阐述,从工质能量本质分析循环工质能量数量耗散和品质损降的原因.
T-S图用于描述内燃机热力循环过程,前期理论分析和仿真研究[19]表明,循环历程的T-S图可用于评估发动机热力学性能和效率.一维仿真结果中的T-S关系如图1所示.可知,气缸内工质在换气过程中熵变明显,但只凭借T-S图不能清楚地看出工质本身能量的变化,为分析循环工质总体的能量走向,笔者基于热力学第一定律和热力学第二定律对工质能量进行深入探究.通过热力学计算公式得出进气过程进入气缸的工质与排气过程排出气缸的工质熵变,计算公式为
ΔS=cp⋅(lnT2−lnT1)−R(lnp2−lnp1)
R=cp−cV
式中:ΔS为工质熵变;R为气体常数;cp为定压比热容;cV为定容比热容;T1和T2分别为初始和最终状态的温度;p1和p2分别为初始和最终状态的压力.图2为循环工质熵变和焓变随曲轴转角的变化.
由图2(a)可知,工质在换气过程中熵变明显,主要因为换气过程工质交换质量变化较大,根据熵变可以计算出循环工质热量与焓的变化,计算公式为
ΔQ=T⋅ΔS
ΔH=cp⋅ΔT
ΔH=Q+W
式中:ΔQ为工质热量变化;ΔH为工质焓变;T为气体温度;ΔT为工质温度变化;Q为工质热量;W为外界对工质做功.
根据式(3)计算出各循环工质焓变随曲轴转角的变化.由图2(b)可知,循环工质包括气缸内工质、进气工质与排气工质.
通过对一维仿真结果中的T-S图进行热力学计算,得到循环工质熵变及焓变随曲轴转角的变化关系,由此构建内燃机循环燃料能量“质-量”历程的分析方法.
图3为不同工作状态下循环工质熵和焓随曲轴转角的变化.在内燃机进气行程、压缩行程、膨胀做功行程和排气行程4个工作过程的基础上,将循环工质熵变和焓变随曲轴转角变化曲线分为3部分,分别为压缩过程、做功过程和换气过程.
由图3可知,压缩过程工质熵不变、焓增加,即工质的能量在数量上增加且几乎没有品质损降.由式(5)可知,工质焓变是由工质吸、放热与外界对工质做功共同影响的,因而压缩过程工质焓上升主要原因是活塞压缩工质,对工质做功.
做功过程工质熵先增大后几乎不变,在排气门开启后变小;工质焓先增大后减小.熵增代表工质能量发生品质上的损降.在做功行程开始时,燃料燃烧将本身的化学能释放为热力学能,使工质焓增大(能量在数量上增加),由于燃烧放热使传热损失变大,导致工质熵增(能量在品质上的损降).参与反应的工质数量及燃烧完全度影响做功过程工质的焓变,能量品质损降程度影响工质的熵增.当活塞开始向下止点运动时,工质的内能开始转化为输出功,做功过程工质焓降的大小可以反映出工质对外做功的多少以及做功能力的强弱.提高内燃机的热效率应以尽量减少工质熵增为目标,抑制能量品质的损降,使工质焓更多地转化为输出功.
换气过程包括进气过程和排气过程,排气损失在总损失中的占比最大.换气过程的“质-量”历程分析包括气缸内和环境中工质的熵变和焓变.由图3可知,排气工质的焓与熵均增加,即排气过程的能量损耗绝大部分由废气排出气缸引起.做功后的高温、高压工质开放式排出气缸,带走了大部分工质能量,产生的排气损失导致循环能量数量耗散和品质损降.为提高内燃机热效率,应尽量抑制排气工质的能量损耗.可以充分利用尾气余热,回收利用排气能量;也可以通过改变进气状态降低排气温度,以减小排气损失.
可以看出,该研究方法能从熵变曲线中得出工质能量品质损降发生的位置,结合焓变曲线可以看出工质能量数量耗散情况.与目前研究只针对某一部分工质进行单独的能量流、流分析相比,笔者研究可从工质能量本质分析能量的损耗机制,直观分析整个循环过程的能量流向.可知整个循环中能量品质损降和数量耗散的根源为做功过程和换气过程的能量转换、传递约束和残能释放.通过分析内燃机循环燃料能量“质-量”历程,可以研究影响热效率的因素和提升热效率的手段,探索发动机的极限做功潜力.因此,笔者将基于工质能量“质-量”历程分析方法,讨论进气压力对工质能量流向的影响.
笔者采用发动机一维工作过程软件GT-Suite (v2016)中的GT-Power部分进行相关研究.仿真样机为一台4气门、顶置凸轮轴的重型车用柴油发动机,构建的一维仿真模型结构主要包括进气系统、喷油系统、曲轴箱系统以及缸内传热与燃烧系统.仿真样机和仿真模型的主要参数如表1所示.
缸内压力与放热率是表征发动机整机燃烧性能的重要参数,也是判断模型精度的标准.图4为发动机缸内压力与放热率的试验值和模拟值对比.缸内压力与放热率试验值和模拟值的变化趋势与大小基本一致,可以基于此模型进行热力学分析.
图5为进/排气门升程曲线.改变进气状态会影响泵气损失、传热损失和燃烧效率.在气缸容积不变的情况下,发动机进气状态与进气压力、进气温度、转速和气门升程曲线直接相关,进气压力和进气温度影响气体的密度,转速影响气流的速度,气门升程曲线影响气体进入气缸的时间和速率,因而可以认为在进气温度、转速和气门升程曲线不变的情况下,控制进气压力可实现对进气状态的单一控制.通过对比自然吸气与提高进气压力两种工况下的循环燃料能量“质-量”历程,证明此方法能够从工质能量本质上分析能量损耗.表2为两组工况的边界参数对比.
表3为两种工况的一维仿真结果.可知进气压力为0.2MPa的工况下,内燃机转矩、功率更大,热效率更高,有效燃油消耗率更小.
笔者对比分析两种工况下内燃机循环工质的熵变(质变)和焓变(量变)随曲轴转角变化.
图6为循环工质熵和焓随进气压力的变化.基于一维仿真模型计算得到两种工况下的T-S图,根据式(1)~(2)计算得出循环工质熵随进气压力的变化,如图6(a)所示.
基于不同曲轴转角的循环工质熵,通过式(3)~(5)计算出的两种工况下循环工质焓变随进气压力的变化,如图6(b)所示.为方便后续分析,将进气工质与排气工质定义为环境中工质.
由图6(a)可知,两种工况的工质熵变趋势大致相同,做功过程和换气过程熵增明显,能量品质损降比较严重.进气压力为0.2MPa的工况与进气压力为0.1MPa的工况相比,做功过程工质熵增几乎相同,排气过程排出气缸的工质熵增减小,可以认为增加进气压力主要抑制能量品质在排气过程的损降.
由图6(b)可知,进气压力为0.2MPa工况与进气压力为0.1MPa工况相比,压缩过程工质焓增更大,做功过程工质焓降更大,排气过程排出气缸的工质焓增变小,进气过程进入气缸的工质焓几乎不变.可认为增加进气压力能增加能量的数量,并减小能量数量在排气过程的耗散.
通过循环燃料能量“质-量”历程分析方法,能够定量分析不同工况下工质在整个循环中的焓变和熵变,明晰能量品质损降和数量耗散的机制.与目前关于能量流和流的[7,9]研究相比,笔者研究方法能够从工质本身的能量出发,对能量品质损降和数量耗散区分研究.
图6(a)中,循环工质在进气过程、燃烧过程和排气过程出现明显熵增,工质熵增意味着工质无序度增加,工质能量发生品质上的损降,熵增量越大,则能量品质损降越严重.图7为进气过程、燃烧过程和排气过程工质熵增量、焓增量随进气压力的变化.
由图7(a)可知,随着进气压力增大,进气过程和燃烧过程工质熵增量变大,排气过程工质熵增量减小,改变进气压力对进气过程的熵增量影响较大,对排气过程和燃烧过程的熵增量影响较小.由图7(b)可知,随着进气压力的增大,进气过程焓增量变大,排气过程和燃烧过程工质焓增量减小,改变进气压力对进气过程和排气过程的焓增量影响较大,对燃烧过程的焓增量影响较小.以工质熵增量评价工质能量品质的损降情况,以工质焓增量评价工质能量数量耗散情况,当进气压力由0.1MPa增加到0.2MPa时,排气工质熵增量减小5.42%,能量品质损降得到抑制,排气焓增量减小35.19%,能量数量耗散减小;燃烧过程工质熵增量增加17.89%,能量品质损降加重.
图8为缸内压力和温度随进气压力的变化,图9为做功过程气缸内工质做功量与传热量的变化,以分析进气过程和燃烧过程工质熵增量、焓增量随进气压力变化的原因.由图8(a)可知,进气压力为0.2MPa时的缸内压力较大;由图8(b)可知,两种工况下压缩过程工质温度变化基本相同,可知,增加进气压力使压缩过程工质焓增加,工质能量在数量上增加;熵变几乎相同,表明能量的品质几乎没有损降.
由图8可知,进气压力由0.1MPa增加到0.2MPa时,做功过程气缸内工质压力下降更多,气缸内工质温度更低,因而工质做功能力更强,传热更少.由图9可知,进气压力为0.2MPa时,做功过程的工质做功量比进气压力为0.1MPa下的工质做功量多,使内燃机功率升高;传热量比进气压力为0.1MPa的工况少,工质对外做功和放热导致焓降,因而做功过程中,进气压力由0.1MPa增加到0.2MPa时工质因做功和传热导致的焓降增大.增加进气压力,进气量增大,在喷油量一定的情况下,燃烧放热量相同,燃烧过程的工质量变多,缸内压力升高,无序度增大,熵增量变大;缸内温度下降,焓增量减小.通过对循环燃料能量“质-量”历程中做功过程的分析可以得到不同工况下燃料参与燃烧的累计放热量、燃烧相位及对外做功传热对比.
由图7可知,换气过程中,进气压力为0.2MPa时进气过程工质熵增量和焓增量增大,排气工质熵增量和焓增量减小.图10为排气工质比热容和排气温度对比.可知,进气压力为0.2MPa时排气工质定压比热容和排气温度都更低,主要因为缸内温度随着进气压力增大而减小,导致排气工质的温度降低.由式(4)可知,工质焓变与定压比热容和排气温度有关,提高进气压力并降低最高燃烧温度,导致排气工质定压比热容和排气温度降低,从而使排气工质焓增量减小.增加进气压力提高了工质做功能力,减小了排气损失在工质总能量中的占比,抑制能量品质的损降,调整了能量分配.由于进气压力的增大,进气质量增加,导致进气过程中气缸内工质熵增量与焓增量变大.通过对循环燃料能量“质-量”历程中换气过程的分析,可以定量分析排气能量及进气过程工质增加的能量.
由上述分析可以得出,进气压力为0.2MPa工况下内燃机的热效率更高,主要是因为做功能力更强,并且排气损失的能量更少.由图7可知,增大进气压力可以减小排气工质的熵增量(5.42%),降低排气工质焓增量(35.19%),抑制排气工质能量品质损降的同时减小了排气工质能量数量耗散.增大进气压力对进气过程工质能量品质的影响最大,对排气和燃烧过程工质能量品质的影响较小;增大进气压力对排气过程工质能量数量耗散的影响最大,对燃烧过程能量耗散的影响较小.
通过以上两种工况下的内燃机循环燃料能量的“质-量”历程分析,可以明确改变进气压力对压缩、燃烧、排气及进气过程工质能量品质及数量的影响,可以全历程分析工质能量的“质-量”变化.通过对比各行程工质的熵增量和焓增量,可以得出改变进气压力各行程工质能量的变化趋势,其中影响最大的是排气损失.通过对循环燃料能量的“质-量”历程分析,能够得到全循环历程工质的能量损耗变化趋势、定量分析工质的能量品质损降和数量耗散,为构建调控手段效能可预、可测、可评的内燃机工作循环品质评价体系提供新的方向,后续将引入实际的内燃机试验数据进行进一步的验证分析,以验证此方法在实际工程中的应用价值.
(1) 基于循环历程T-S图,通过标准热力学计算,构建内燃机循环燃料能量的“质-量”历程,通过分析全循环历程工质熵变(质变)和焓变(量变),定量分析工质能量品质损降和数量耗散,完整地分析了整个循环工质的能量损耗机制.
(2) 对比进气压力0.1MPa和0.2MPa两种工况下的循环燃料能量“质-量”历程,发现增大进气压力能够抑制排气过程的工质能量品质损降和数量耗散;验证了通过循环燃料能量“质-量”历程能从全循环历程上分析能量的损耗途径.
(3) 通过对比进气压力为0.1MPa和0.2MPa工况下工质的熵增量与焓增量,得出增大进气压力可以减小排气工质的熵增量(5.42%),降低排气工质焓增量(35.19%),抑制排气工质能量品质损降的同时减小了排气工质能量的数量耗散.
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51976077)
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2025年第43卷第4期
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doi: 10.16236/j.cnki.nrjxb.202504038
  • 接收时间:2025-01-10
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-10
  • 修回日期:2025-04-23
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(51976077)
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    1.吉林大学汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室,长春 130025
    2.中国第一汽车集团有限公司,长春 130000

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韩永强,博士,教授,博士生导师,.
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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