Article(id=1324806227900891621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, issueId=1324806227083002341, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16236/j.cnki.nrjxb.202506057, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739980800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-20, revisedDate=1748102400000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793788018440, onlineDateStr=2026-11-04, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793788018440, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793788018440, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793788018440, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324806227083002341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, year='2025', volume='43', issue='6', pageStart='481', pageEnd='568', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793788018246, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793959617886, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1325525968575812368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, issueId=1324806227083002341, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1325525968575812369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, issueId=1324806227083002341, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=510, endPage=517, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324806228072858086, articleId=1324806227900891621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, language=EN, title=Effect of thermal conductivity of DPF substrate on plateau parking regeneration, columnId=null, journalTitle=Transactions of CSICE, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Thermal conductivity characteristics of the diesel particulate filter(DPF) substrate significantly impact the parking regeneration of diesel engines under plateau conditions. The heat transfer patterns within DPF/catalyzed diesel particulate filter(CDPF) with two substrates with different thermal conductivity characteristics were investigated under steady flow fields,and the effect of thermal conductivity characteristics on bed temperature variations and regeneration efficiency during the parking regeneration was examined. Results show that as the DPF inlet temperature uniformly increases,bed temperatures at all positions rise linearly at faster rates in substrates with higher thermal conductivity. Substrates with higher conductivity exhibit a higher temperature rise rate. During parking regeneration,substrates with higher thermal conductivity exhibit greater regeneration efficiency in DPF and CDPF. Extending regeneration duration gives more regeneration efficiency improvement. Effective active coatings can substantially mitigate the decease in regeneration efficiency caused by substrate thermal conductivity differences in the plateau environments. When the optimized high-conductivity substrate is used with a carbon load of 6g/L and an inlet temperature of 580℃,the CDPF achieves a regeneration efficiency of 95.4% after a 1800s of parking regeneration,meeting the plateau regeneration requirements.

, authors=Chaoqiang Wang1, 2, Jingfang Zhu1, Shunhong Li1, Dezhi Ren1, Shiying Chang1, 2, Fei Yu1, authorsList=Chaoqiang Wang, Jingfang Zhu, Shunhong Li, Dezhi Ren, Shiying Chang, Fei Yu, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fei Yu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324806231809982977, articleId=1324806227900891621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, language=CN, title=DPF载体导热特性对高原驻车再生的影响, columnId=null, journalTitle=内燃机学报, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

柴油机颗粒捕集器(DPF)载体导热特性对高原条件下柴油机驻车再生具有较大影响,基于两种不同导热特性的DPF载体研究了二者在稳定流场下DPF内部热传导规律,并分析了导热特性对DPF、催化型柴油机颗粒捕集器(CDPF)驻车再生各位置床温变化和再生效率的影响.结果表明:随着DPF入口温度均匀升高,各位置床温均呈线性升高,导热系数越高的载体升温速率越快,驻车再生时载体导热系数越高,DPF、CDPF再生效率越高,延长再生时间,再生效率提升越明显.高效的活性涂层可显著缓解高原环境下因载体导热性能差异引起的再生效率下降问题.优选的热传导系数高的载体,在载碳量为6g/L、入口温度为580℃时,CDPF驻车再生1800s,再生效率高达95.4%,可满足高原驻车再生要求.

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汪朝强,硕士,高级工程师,.

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于飞,硕士,高级工程师,.
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journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Regeneration efficiency of two DPFs in plains and plateaus, figureFileSmall=HsSceJm/8sW8/+rj34DAug==, figureFileBig=xh8LbGLSg9ueYmQ0izhvkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325514555568300420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=CN, label=图7, caption=两种DPF在平原和高原的再生效率, figureFileSmall=HsSceJm/8sW8/+rj34DAug==, figureFileBig=xh8LbGLSg9ueYmQ0izhvkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325514555656380805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Variation of bed temperature at each position during parking regeneration of the two CDPFs, figureFileSmall=8Po8xWuao9y1Dw6rm2VhXA==, figureFileBig=a1VNzois2s/eqqXTGumBNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325514555731878278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=CN, label=图8, caption=两种CDPF驻车再生时各位置床温变化, figureFileSmall=8Po8xWuao9y1Dw6rm2VhXA==, figureFileBig=a1VNzois2s/eqqXTGumBNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325514555807375751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Temperature rise rate of the bed at each position during parking regeneration of the two CDPFs, figureFileSmall=vlUNdvPNX+8/ySsfgGyaVA==, figureFileBig=C5Uc2pcl8UtzkSHLWJScdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325514555882873224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=CN, label=图9, caption=两种CDPF驻车再生时各位置床温升温速率, figureFileSmall=vlUNdvPNX+8/ySsfgGyaVA==, figureFileBig=C5Uc2pcl8UtzkSHLWJScdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325514555991925129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Regeneration efficiency of the two CDPFs in plains and plateaus, figureFileSmall=r0JE3/qrg3RR1AAE9CGAcw==, figureFileBig=4CdSkwmhzs49KKxGDw4wMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325514557686423946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=CN, label=图10, caption=两种CDPF在平原和高原的再生效率, figureFileSmall=r0JE3/qrg3RR1AAE9CGAcw==, figureFileBig=4CdSkwmhzs49KKxGDw4wMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325514557757727115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=NO oxidation capacity of DOC and CDPFs at different temperatures, figureFileSmall=wMTj2/RY0rfHYqNBBaqCew==, figureFileBig=n5QMUJPsYRmUfRG3VRZCxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325514557883556236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=CN, label=图11, caption=DOC与CDPF在不同温度下的NO氧化能力, figureFileSmall=wMTj2/RY0rfHYqNBBaqCew==, figureFileBig=n5QMUJPsYRmUfRG3VRZCxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325514558139408781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Inlet oxygen volume fraction of CDPF in plateaus and plains, figureFileSmall=wocIpNdjUA5VZ3uuGhuGDg==, figureFileBig=aWoOQ8053dYMlv4DE05HiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325514558231683470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=CN, label=图12, caption=高原与平原地区CDPF入口氧体积分数, figureFileSmall=wocIpNdjUA5VZ3uuGhuGDg==, figureFileBig=aWoOQ8053dYMlv4DE05HiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325514558323958159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Soot thickness at measurement points 4—6, figureFileSmall=+XoamfyEs80lAaoP2E37Cw==, figureFileBig=KGiaVTUWm/iU3kuqBpLtGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325514558391067024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=CN, label=图13, caption=测点4~6碳烟厚度, figureFileSmall=+XoamfyEs80lAaoP2E37Cw==, figureFileBig=KGiaVTUWm/iU3kuqBpLtGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325514558491730322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Engine specifications

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
型号YC6J 245-52
缸数6
排量/L6.494
标定功率/kW180
标定转速/(r·min-1)2300
最大转矩/(N·m)950
), ArticleFig(id=1325514558588199315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

发动机主要技术参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
型号YC6J 245-52
缸数6
排量/L6.494
标定功率/kW180
标定转速/(r·min-1)2300
最大转矩/(N·m)950
), ArticleFig(id=1325514558688862612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Parameters of experimental equipment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备名称型号规格精度
测功机Horiba-Dynas3转速为±1r/min,
转矩为±0.2%N·m
流量检测仪ToCeil-20N125±0.25kg/h
气体分析仪AVL-DiGas 4000±2%
高精度电子天平MSU14202S-0CE-d00.01g
K型热电偶0.5mm×700mm0.1℃
), ArticleFig(id=1325514558839857557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试验设备参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备名称型号规格精度
测功机Horiba-Dynas3转速为±1r/min,
转矩为±0.2%N·m
流量检测仪ToCeil-20N125±0.25kg/h
气体分析仪AVL-DiGas 4000±2%
高精度电子天平MSU14202S-0CE-d00.01g
K型热电偶0.5mm×700mm0.1℃
), ArticleFig(id=1325514559062155670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Substrate and coating parameters for DOC and CDPF catalysts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数DOCCDPF1CDPF2
直径/mm228.6228.6228.6
高度/mm76.2152.4152.4
目数/(个·cm-2)62.046.546.5
载体重量/g82631633154
载体壁厚/mm0.17780.24130.2413
载体中值孔径/μm—11.5711.38
载体孔隙率/%—52.4752.81
催化剂总金属浓度/(g·L-1)0.70650.10600.1060
涂覆质量比m(Pt)∶m(Pd)3∶13∶13∶1
), ArticleFig(id=1325514559175401879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

DOC和CDPF催化剂载体与涂层参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数DOCCDPF1CDPF2
直径/mm228.6228.6228.6
高度/mm76.2152.4152.4
目数/(个·cm-2)62.046.546.5
载体重量/g82631633154
载体壁厚/mm0.17780.24130.2413
载体中值孔径/μm—11.5711.38
载体孔隙率/%—52.4752.81
催化剂总金属浓度/(g·L-1)0.70650.10600.1060
涂覆质量比m(Pt)∶m(Pd)3∶13∶13∶1
), ArticleFig(id=1325514559401894296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Bed temperature of the two substrates at different positions with the inlet temperature of 450℃

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数DPF1DPF2
测点1362.3358.2
测点2345.9338.5
测点3343.0329.2
测点4435.2434.7
测点5430.0427.5
测点6424.9421.3
), ArticleFig(id=1325514559473197465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

入口温度为450℃时两种载体不同位置床温

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数DPF1DPF2
测点1362.3358.2
测点2345.9338.5
测点3343.0329.2
测点4435.2434.7
测点5430.0427.5
测点6424.9421.3
), ArticleFig(id=1325514559800353178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Average absolute temperature difference between the two substrates with each position at 0—700s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数平均绝对温差
ΔT14.24
ΔT24.56
ΔT36.02
ΔT41.39
ΔT52.05
ΔT62.83
), ArticleFig(id=1325514559871656347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

0~700s时两种载体各位置床温平均绝对温差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数平均绝对温差
ΔT14.24
ΔT24.56
ΔT36.02
ΔT41.39
ΔT52.05
ΔT62.83
), ArticleFig(id=1325514559947153820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Tmax and Kmax at different position of DPF

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Tmax/℃Kmax/(℃·s-1)
DPF1DPF2DPF1DPF2
测点1541.1533.9 7.63 7.04
测点2569.6554.1 5.88 5.10
测点3631.6604.0 3.56 2.47
测点4644.6636.310.4510.26
测点5713.6664.9 7.96 7.10
测点6906.1770.643.7020.10
), ArticleFig(id=1325514560026845597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

DPF不同位置Tmax与Kmax

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Tmax/℃Kmax/(℃·s-1)
DPF1DPF2DPF1DPF2
测点1541.1533.9 7.63 7.04
测点2569.6554.1 5.88 5.10
测点3631.6604.0 3.56 2.47
测点4644.6636.310.4510.26
测点5713.6664.9 7.96 7.10
测点6906.1770.643.7020.10
), ArticleFig(id=1325514560177840542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Tmax and Kmax at different position of CDPF

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Tmax/℃Kmax/(℃·s-1)
CDPF1CDPF2CDPF1CDPF2
测点1 642.3 626.7 8.97 8.11
测点2 663.6 645.5 6.72 6.32
测点3 726.4 681.1 5.74 5.22
测点4 707.4 688.713.8413.20
测点5 853.5 778.610.10 9.22
测点61098.11060.586.2962.30
), ArticleFig(id=1325514560253338015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116786560364546, articleId=1324806227900891621, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

CDPF不同位置Tmax与Kmax

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Tmax/℃Kmax/(℃·s-1)
CDPF1CDPF2CDPF1CDPF2
测点1 642.3 626.7 8.97 8.11
测点2 663.6 645.5 6.72 6.32
测点3 726.4 681.1 5.74 5.22
测点4 707.4 688.713.8413.20
测点5 853.5 778.610.10 9.22
测点61098.11060.586.2962.30
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DPF载体导热特性对高原驻车再生的影响
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汪朝强 1, 2 , 朱敬芳 1 , 李顺红 1 , 任德志 1 , 常仕英 1, 2 , 于飞 1
内燃机学报 | 2025,43(6): 510-517
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内燃机学报 | 2025 , 43 (6) : 510 -517
DPF载体导热特性对高原驻车再生的影响
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汪朝强1, 2 , 朱敬芳1, 李顺红1, 任德志1, 常仕英1, 2, 于飞1
作者信息
  • 1.昆明贵研催化剂有限责任公司,昆明 650106
  • 2.昆明贵金属研究所,昆明 650101
通讯作者:
于飞,硕士,高级工程师,.
作者简介:

汪朝强,硕士,高级工程师,.

Effect of thermal conductivity of DPF substrate on plateau parking regeneration
Chaoqiang Wang1, 2 , Jingfang Zhu1, Shunhong Li1, Dezhi Ren1, Shiying Chang1, 2, Fei Yu1
Affiliations
  • 1.Kunming Sino-Platinum Metals Catalyst Company Limited,Kunming 650106,China
  • 2.Kunming Institute of Precious Metals,Kunming 650101,China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.16236/j.cnki.nrjxb.202506057
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柴油机颗粒捕集器(DPF)载体导热特性对高原条件下柴油机驻车再生具有较大影响,基于两种不同导热特性的DPF载体研究了二者在稳定流场下DPF内部热传导规律,并分析了导热特性对DPF、催化型柴油机颗粒捕集器(CDPF)驻车再生各位置床温变化和再生效率的影响.结果表明:随着DPF入口温度均匀升高,各位置床温均呈线性升高,导热系数越高的载体升温速率越快,驻车再生时载体导热系数越高,DPF、CDPF再生效率越高,延长再生时间,再生效率提升越明显.高效的活性涂层可显著缓解高原环境下因载体导热性能差异引起的再生效率下降问题.优选的热传导系数高的载体,在载碳量为6g/L、入口温度为580℃时,CDPF驻车再生1800s,再生效率高达95.4%,可满足高原驻车再生要求.

柴油机  /  载体  /  导热特性  /  高原  /  驻车再生

Thermal conductivity characteristics of the diesel particulate filter(DPF) substrate significantly impact the parking regeneration of diesel engines under plateau conditions. The heat transfer patterns within DPF/catalyzed diesel particulate filter(CDPF) with two substrates with different thermal conductivity characteristics were investigated under steady flow fields,and the effect of thermal conductivity characteristics on bed temperature variations and regeneration efficiency during the parking regeneration was examined. Results show that as the DPF inlet temperature uniformly increases,bed temperatures at all positions rise linearly at faster rates in substrates with higher thermal conductivity. Substrates with higher conductivity exhibit a higher temperature rise rate. During parking regeneration,substrates with higher thermal conductivity exhibit greater regeneration efficiency in DPF and CDPF. Extending regeneration duration gives more regeneration efficiency improvement. Effective active coatings can substantially mitigate the decease in regeneration efficiency caused by substrate thermal conductivity differences in the plateau environments. When the optimized high-conductivity substrate is used with a carbon load of 6g/L and an inlet temperature of 580℃,the CDPF achieves a regeneration efficiency of 95.4% after a 1800s of parking regeneration,meeting the plateau regeneration requirements.

diesel engine  /  substrate  /  thermal conductivity characteristics  /  plateau  /  parking regeneration
汪朝强, 朱敬芳, 李顺红, 任德志, 常仕英, 于飞. DPF载体导热特性对高原驻车再生的影响. 内燃机学报, 2025 , 43 (6) : 510 -517 . DOI: 10.16236/j.cnki.nrjxb.202506057
Chaoqiang Wang, Jingfang Zhu, Shunhong Li, Dezhi Ren, Shiying Chang, Fei Yu. Effect of thermal conductivity of DPF substrate on plateau parking regeneration[J]. Transactions of CSICE, 2025 , 43 (6) : 510 -517 . DOI: 10.16236/j.cnki.nrjxb.202506057
柴油机具有动力性强、经济性好以及可靠性高的特点,在重型作业以及农机领域已广泛应用.但柴油机排放的HC、CO、NOx和颗粒物(PM2.5)等污染物对人体健康和生态环境造成巨大危害,尤其是碳烟颗粒物.柴油机颗粒捕集器(DPF)被认为是目前能有效降低颗粒物排放的后处理装置[1],且为了提高碳烟(soot)再生效率,通常在DPF载体上涂覆一层具有催化活性的氧化活性涂层,即催化型柴油机颗粒捕集器(CDPF)[2].
在实际运用过程中,非道路和农用机械等柴油机由于长期在低速工况运行,排温过低,导致颗粒物累积过多,无法实现及时完全再生,易造成DPF堵塞、背压偏高,严重影响发动机性能与燃油经济性[3].然而驻车再生是实现碳烟颗粒物快速、高效完全再生的重要手段,目前主要依靠外部热源加热或利用发动机缸内后喷燃油的方式进行驻车再生,再生时间一般约为20~30min[4].
中国地形复杂,海拔1000m以上高原面积约占全国总面积的58%,2000m以上的高原面积占全国总面积的33%[5],高原地区大气压力低、氧含量少的气候环境特点,易导致柴油机燃烧条件恶劣,动力性、经济性、可靠性及耐久性下降,热负荷增加,进而使得以柴油机为动力的装备在高原环境适应性下降[6-7].相比平原,高海拔地区柴油机进气量和排气氧体积分数偏低,研究[8-9]表明,在载碳量、流量和入口温度一定时,排气氧体积分数是DPF主动再生控制的关键,在一定氧体积分数范围内,氧体积分数越高则再生效率越高,再生时间越短.因此,在高原地区驻车再生更易出现碳烟颗粒物再生不完全的现象.高海拔地区的驻车再生研究显得尤为重要.
影响DPF、CDPF驻车再生效率的因素较多,如气流分布、混合器设计、载体材质及封装外壳保温材料等因素[10-12].基于载体材质本身的研究主要是对比不同材质[13-14],而同材质之间的导热特性差异相关研究则较少,尽管不同载体材质导热特性有较大差异,但其单位容积重量等其他因素也差异较大,不能较直观地说明导热特性对主动再生效率的影响.堇青石DPF作为柴油机最常用的颗粒捕集器载体之一,受孔径大小与分布、孔道结构、杂质种类与含量、单位容积重量以及壁面厚度等因素的影响,其导热特性也有较大差异[15-16].
基于此,笔者选取导热系数差异较大、其他影响因素基本相当的两种堇青石DPF载体作为研究对象,在平均海拔约为2000m的地区进行DPF载体导热特性对高原驻车再生效率影响的研究,以期为高原DPF驻车再生过程标定及再生策略优化提供参考.
试验采用某型电控高压共轨、增压中冷柴油机,表1为发动机主要技术参数,表2为试验设备参数,图1为台架测试示意.
为研究DPF载体导热特性对高原驻车再生的影响,笔者选取两种相同材质、体积、单位容积重量及壁厚基本相当、导热系数不同的堇青石DPF载体作为研究对象,图2为不同温度下两种载体的导热系数.可知,两种DPF载体在0~500℃内导热系数差异较大.试验用柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)、CDPF催化剂载体及负载活性涂层参数等见表3.
首先,通过控制发动机转矩与转速使得DPF前入口温度为100℃、流量为200kg/h,在各位置床温稳定后,保持15min,再启动电加热装置,在升温速率为30℃/min下,使DPF入口温度从100℃匀速升温至450℃,研究载体导热特性在稳定流场下对不同位置热传导的影响,并分析两种载体不同位置的床温变化.
其次,控制DPF、CDPF入口温度为180℃,在同一工况下,将两种不同导热特性的DPF载体和两种载体涂覆相同涂层的CDPF催化剂孔道内部的碳烟加载至6g/L,并搭载同方案前级DOC催化剂进行驻车再生试验.通过近后喷策略提升发动机排气温度,再通过远后喷策略提升DOC出口排气温度,使DPF、CDPF内部捕集的碳烟颗粒达到自燃的条件并进行一定时间再生.控制质量流量为486kg/h,CDPF入口温度为580℃,并采用热电偶DPF、CDPF内部监测不同位置床温,研究载体导热特性对DPF、CDPF驻车再生床温变化及再生效率的影响.图3为热电偶分布示意.DPF、CDPF边缘区域沿着气流方向放置测点1、2、3,中心区域沿着气流方向放置测点4、5、6.并通过驻车再生前、后DPF、CDPF重量变化计算再生效率η,有
η=M1−M2M1−M0×100%
式中:M0、M1和M2分别为碳加载前DPF、CDPF的质量、再生前DPF、CDPF的质量及再生后DPF、CDPF的质量,所有质量均为150℃下热称重.
图4为两种不同导热特性的DPF载体在稳定流场下匀速升温时不同位置床温分布及变化.可以看出,随着DPF入口温度匀速升高,两种载体各个位置床温均呈线性逐渐升高,且越远离进气端、越靠近载体边缘位置,导热系数越低的载体升温速率越缓.
为了更直观地阐述不同导热特性的载体在稳定流场下匀速升温时不同位置的床温分布规律与差异,将DPF入口温度为450℃时两种载体各位置床温与0~700s匀速升温时两种载体对应位置床温平均温差进行比较,并用ΔT1、ΔT2、ΔT3、ΔT4、ΔT5和ΔT6分别表示0~700s匀速升温时两种载体测点1~6位置床温平均温差,结果见表4与表5.
由表4可以看出,DPF入口温度为450℃时,载体中心区域测点4~6的瞬时床温远高于边缘位置测点1~3,且顺着气流方向,中心区域测点4~6温差也远小于边缘区域测点1~3的温差,DPF1载体测点4与测点6的床温温差为10.3℃,测点1与测点3的床温温差为19.3℃,这种差异在导热系数较低的DPF2载体中更突出,DPF2载体测点4与测点6的床温温差为13.4℃,测点1与测点3的床温温差为29.0℃;同时由表5可以看出,在匀速升温过程中,两种导热系数DPF载体在0~700s时的轴向平均绝对温差越来越大,其中测点4温差最小(1.39℃),测点3温差最大(6.02℃),导热系数较高的DPF1载体各位置床温均高于导热系数低的DPF2载体.
为研究载体导热特性对驻车再生过程中不同位置床温变化规律及驻车再生效率的影响,定义测点1~6位置床温所能达到的最高温度为Tmax,最大升温速率为Kmax.
图5、图6分别为两种导热系数的空白DPF载体驻车再生时,前500s不同位置床温变化情况及升温速率.由图5、图6可以看出,DPF各位置的床温在开始进行驻车再生初期,内部温度发生了快速升温,随后出现温度尖峰后逐渐下降,该现象在中心区域表现更为明显.
表6为两种载体再生过程各位置最高床温Tmax和最大升温速率Kmax.图7为两种DPF在平原和高原的再生效率.由表6可以看出,沿着气流方向,在中心区域(测点4~6),两种不同导热系数在测点4~6位置最高床温Tmax分别相差8.3、48.7和135,最高升温速率分别相差0.19、0.86和23.60℃/s,边缘区域(测点1~3)中,两种不同导热系数在测点1~3处最高床温Tmax分别相差7.2、15.5和27.6℃,最高升温速率分别相差0.59、0.78和1.09℃/s.
可知,中心区域最高温度和升温速率普遍高于边缘区域,沿着气流方向,在中心区域,越靠近载体出气端,再生时床温升温越快,达到的最高床温则越高,载体导热系数越大,各位置升温速率越快,最高床温越高.
由图7可知,平原环境下DPF1和DPF2再生时间延长600s,再生效率分别提升10.7%和10.3%;高原环境下DPF1和DPF2再生时间延长600s,再生效率提升11.1%和5.2%,可知在高原环境下驻车再生效率明显低于平原,且载体导热系数越高,再生效率越高,延长再生时间,再生效率提升越明显.
图8、图9分别示出将相同催化活性涂层涂覆到不同导热系数的空白DPF载体搭载DOC进行驻车再生时,前500s不同位置床温变化及升温速率.由图8和图9可以看出,两种CDPF各位置床温规律与DPF基本相同,在开始进行驻车再生初期,内部温度发生了快速升温,随后出现温度尖峰后逐渐下降,该现象在中心区域表现更为明显,但相比于DPF,涂覆催化活性涂层各位置床温升温速率更快,Tmax越高.
表7为负载相同涂层后两种载体再生过程各位置最高床温Tmax和最大升温速率Kmax.可以看出,沿着气流方向,在中心区域(测点4~6),两种不同导热系数CDPF催化剂在测点4~6位置最高床温Tmax分别相差18.7、74.9和37.6℃,最高升温速率分别相差0.64、0.88和23.99℃/s,在边缘区域(测点1~3),两种不同导热系数CDPF催化剂在测点1~3位置最高床温Tmax分别相差15.6、18.1和45.3℃,最高升温速率分别相差0.86、0.40和0/s.
图10为两种CDPF在平原和高原的再生效率.可知,平原环境下CDPF1与CDPF2再生时间延长600s,再生效率分别提升13.4%与13.1%,而高原环境下CDPF1与CDPF2再生时间延长600s,再生效率分别提升16.1%与13.5%.对比DPF与CDPF催化剂驻车再生可以发现,在高原环境下,驻车再生效率明显低于平原,且涂覆催化活性涂层可快速提高再生效率,同时还可以显著缓解高原环境下载体导热特性差异导致的驻车再生效率下降问题.
热态气流从DPF载体进气端流向出气端遵循流体动力学与热传导基本原理,文献[17]基于流体连续性方程得出的DPF、CDPF进/出口通道动量守恒方程见式(2);沿着轴向能量传递主要受气体对流影响,其在通道内气体的能量守恒方程见式(3);综合考虑碳烟与DPF壁面内部会受对流传热、热传导及化学反应放热的影响,沿径向的能量传递方程见式(4).
d(p+ρv2)dz=−αμvD2
ρvD4C1dTdz=h(Tw−T)+C2v1(Tw−T)
H=−λ1∂∂z[W1(D−W1)∂Tw∂z]−λ2W2D∂2Tw∂z2
式中:p为气体在通道内压力;ρ为通道内气体密度;μ为动力黏度;α为量纲归一化的摩擦阻力系数;D为DPF、CDPF的通道宽度;v、v1分别为气体在通道内和穿过壁面的渗流速度;C1、C2分别为气体、载体壁的比热容;T为气体温度;h为对流传热系数;Tw为饼层与壁面间的温度;W1和W2分别为碳烟厚度和DPF、CDPF壁面厚度;λ1和λ2分别为碳烟和载体壁面的导热系数;H为沿径向传递的能量;z为气流沿径向或轴向移动的单位长度.式(2)中右侧为由气体径向流动产生的摩擦阻力,左侧表示轴向压力及对流项.
由式(3)和式(4)可知,轴向热量传递主要受热态气体对流影响,而径向热量传递受载体本身导热影响较大,径向热量传递与载体导热系数呈正比,导热系数越大,热量传递效果越好,床温越高.同时由式(2)可知,从载体中心轴到边缘距离与流动阻力呈反比,距离越长,摩擦阻力越大,速度越慢,热量传递效果越差.因此,在稳定流场和驻车再生过程中,载体导热特性对不同位置热传导有较大影响,中心区域最高温度和升温速率普遍高于边缘区域,沿着气流方向,在中心区域,越靠近载体出气端,再生时床温升温越快,达到的最高床温则越高,载体导热系数越大,使得载体各位置床温升温越快,更为快速地达到碳烟的起燃温度,促进再生,提高了再生效率.
图11示出空速为60000h-1、不同温度下DOC、CDPF1和CDPF2的NO2体积占比.通常在柴油机后处理系统中,碳烟氧化包括被动再生和主动再生两部分,被动再生主要利用排气中NO2的强氧化性,实现碳烟的快速再生,由于NO氧化为可逆反应,受热力学平衡的限制,当温度大于450℃时,化学反应平衡向左移动,排气中的NO2体积分数含量较低[18],而在驻车再生过程中DPF、CDPF的入口温度大于500℃,因而在此过程中碳烟的氧化主要以O2作为氧化剂实现快速再生,即主动再生占主导地位,研究[19]表明,催化活性涂层的存在可以降低碳烟与O2反应的活化能,将反应温度降低100℃左右,从而实现碳烟的快速再生.相比于DPF,带催化活性涂层的CDPF加剧了碳烟颗粒物的再生,提高了驻车再生效率.同时,再生产生的热量使得各位置床温更高,升温速率更快,导热较好的载体更加明显.
相比于平原,高海拔地区柴油机进气量和排气O2体积分数偏低,而排气O2体积分数是DPF和CDPF驻车再生最关键影响因素之一,为说明高原与平原氧体积分数对驻车再生的影响,笔者监测了CDPF1驻车再生过程中CDPF入口的O2体积分数变化,见图12.可知,在未喷油之前,高原比平原初始O2体积分数低约20000×10-6,喷油之后,HC起燃快速消耗了排气中的O2.在高原环境下,整个再生过程中CDPF入口的O2体积分数要低于平原地区,O2体积分数越高,促进了碳烟与O2的反应,加剧了再生,因而高原环境下驻车再生效率明显低于平原.
碳烟分布对不同导热特性的DPF、CDPF驻车再生时床温变化及再生效率影响较大,图13为CDPF1中测点4~6碳烟分布.可以看出,载体进气端孔道测点4碳烟较少,碳烟厚度基本可以忽略不计,而中间区域测点5的碳烟厚度为50~60μm,靠近出气端测点6碳烟厚度高达130~140μm,从进气端到出气端碳烟分布逐渐增多,排气热量快速传递,极大地促进了主动再生,短时间内再生时释放的热量不能及时被气流带走.此时DPF、CDPF内部容易形成局部热点,出现短暂温度波峰,碳烟越多,再生越剧烈,释放的能量也越多,该结果与孟忠伟等[20]研究相符合.测点6碳烟最多,碳烟氧化最剧烈,升温速率最快,床温波峰也最高.催化活性涂层促进碳烟的氧化,因而CDPF比DPF碳烟氧化更剧烈,同位置床温升温速率更快,床温波峰也更高.
(1)在稳定流场中,随着DPF入口温度的均匀升高,载体各个位置床温均呈线性逐渐升高,受热态气体对流与载体导热特性影响,中心区域最高温度和升温速率普遍高于边缘区域,且越远离进气端、越靠近载体边缘位置,导热系数越低的载体,其升温速率越慢.
(2)载体导热特性对高原条件下柴油机驻车再生有较大影响,载体导热系数越高,各位置床温升温速率越快,再生效率越高,延长再生时间,再生效率提升越明显;涂覆催化活性涂层可快速提高再生效率,同时还可显著缓解高原环境下因载体导热性能差异引起的再生效率下降问题,优选的热传导系数高的载体涂覆催化活性层后,在载碳量为6g/L、入口温度为580℃时驻车再生30min,再生效率高达95.4%,可以满足高原驻车再生要求.
  • 云南省科技人才与平台计划资助项目(202305AF150109)
  • 云南省重大科技专项资助项目(YPML-2023050203)
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2025年第43卷第6期
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doi: 10.16236/j.cnki.nrjxb.202506057
  • 接收时间:2025-02-20
  • 首发时间:2026-11-04
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-20
  • 修回日期:2025-05-25
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云南省科技人才与平台计划资助项目(202305AF150109)
云南省重大科技专项资助项目(YPML-2023050203)
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    1.昆明贵研催化剂有限责任公司,昆明 650106
    2.昆明贵金属研究所,昆明 650101

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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