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Existing distributed anomaly detection models based on federated learning can hardly deal with the balance between anomaly detection performance and data privacy protection. In this regard, a federated learning anomaly detection model is proposed based on adaptive noise and hybrid attention mechanism. First, built on the convolutional neural network, this model integrates spatial and multi-head hybrid attention mechanisms to extract complex features in a multidimensional and deep manner, enabling high-precision anomaly detection. Second, based on both local and centralized differential privacy, this model utilizes the adaptive noise and the privacy budget allocation to further improve the privacy and robustness. Validated experiments are exerted on public datasets NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15. The results show that compared with the existing mainstream approaches, the proposed model can achieve higher-quality anomaly detection while ensuring user data privacy.
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现有基于联邦学习架构的分布式异常检测难以兼顾异常检测性能与数据隐私保护。为此,提出了一种基于自适应噪声与混合注意力机制的联邦学习异常检测模型。该模型以卷积神经网络为基础,通过融合空间与多头的混合注意力机制对复杂特征进行多维度、深层次提取,实现高精度的异常检测。其次,基于本地和中心化差分隐私,通过自适应噪声添加与隐私预算分配,进一步提高了模型的隐私性和鲁棒性。基于公开数据集NSL-KDD及UNSW-NB15对模型进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,与现有主流方案相比,该模型能够在保证用户数据隐私性的同时,实现更高质量的异常检测。
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1.南京邮电大学 计算机学院,江苏 南京 210023
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等.工业物联网异常检测技术综述[J].
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| 预测类型 | 预测为负类 | 预测为正类 |
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| 实际为负类 | TN | FP |
| 实际为正类 | FN | TP |
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混淆矩阵
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| 预测类型 | 预测为负类 | 预测为正类 |
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| 实际为正类 | FN | TP |
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| 隐私预算ε | FedAvg | CNN-FL | DP-FL | FL-ADNP |
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| 0.5 | 0.907 3 | 0.916 5 | 0.764 1 | 0.834 6 |
| 0.6 | 0.907 3 | 0.916 5 | 0.793 1 | 0.860 8 |
| 0.7 | 0.907 3 | 0.916 5 | 0.812 6 | 0.896 4 |
| 0.8 | 0.907 3 | 0.916 5 | 0.821 3 | 0.898 1 |
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不同隐私预算下的准确率对比
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| 隐私预算ε | FedAvg | CNN-FL | DP-FL | FL-ADNP |
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| 0.5 | 0.907 3 | 0.916 5 | 0.764 1 | 0.834 6 |
| 0.6 | 0.907 3 | 0.916 5 | 0.793 1 | 0.860 8 |
| 0.7 | 0.907 3 | 0.916 5 | 0.812 6 | 0.896 4 |
| 0.8 | 0.907 3 | 0.916 5 | 0.821 3 | 0.898 1 |
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| 客户端 | Acc | Pre | Rec | F1 |
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| C1 | 85.19 | 80.43 | 97.80 | 88.23 |
| C2 | 95.33 | 94.98 | 98.66 | 96.79 |
| C3 | 90.87 | 84.57 | 99.28 | 91.34 |
| C4 | 82.43 | 81.37 | 97.53 | 88.57 |
| C5 | 88.76 | 91.06 | 86.74 | 88.84 |
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客户端评价指标
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| 客户端 | Acc | Pre | Rec | F1 |
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| C2 | 95.33 | 94.98 | 98.66 | 96.79 |
| C3 | 90.87 | 84.57 | 99.28 | 91.34 |
| C4 | 82.43 | 81.37 | 97.53 | 88.57 |
| C5 | 88.76 | 91.06 | 86.74 | 88.84 |
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| 算法 | Acc | Pre | Rec |
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| FLAC | 0.916 7 | 0.975 2 | 0.945 6 |
| FL-ADNP | 0.915 2 | 0.964 8 | 0.942 2 |
| RNN | 0.823 9 | 0.856 7 | 0.806 7 |
| 2-CNN-FL | 0.867 2 | 0.943 5 | 0.894 1 |
| M-FedAvg | 0.895 1 | 0.967 4 | 0.935 6 |
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NSL-KDD数据集模型检测性能对比
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| 算法 | Acc | Pre | Rec |
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| FLAC | 0.916 7 | 0.975 2 | 0.945 6 |
| FL-ADNP | 0.915 2 | 0.964 8 | 0.942 2 |
| RNN | 0.823 9 | 0.856 7 | 0.806 7 |
| 2-CNN-FL | 0.867 2 | 0.943 5 | 0.894 1 |
| M-FedAvg | 0.895 1 | 0.967 4 | 0.935 6 |
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| 算法 | Acc | Rec | F1 |
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| CNN | 0.859 3 | 0.910 3 | 0.883 1 |
| 2DCNN-AE | 0.908 6 | 0.972 3 | 0.921 4 |
| FLAC | 0.922 5 | 0.998 3 | 0.923 4 |
| FL-ADNP | 0.922 4 | 0.997 8 | 0.922 7 |
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UNSW-NB15数据集模型检测性能对比
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| 算法 | Acc | Rec | F1 |
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| CNN | 0.859 3 | 0.910 3 | 0.883 1 |
| 2DCNN-AE | 0.908 6 | 0.972 3 | 0.921 4 |
| FLAC | 0.922 5 | 0.998 3 | 0.923 4 |
| FL-ADNP | 0.922 4 | 0.997 8 | 0.922 7 |
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消融实验结果
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| 数据集 | CNN | CNN-FL | FL-SA | FLAC | FL-ADNP |
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