Article(id=1320037968853717304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037798686605953, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.06.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1764000000000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-25, revisedDate=1780588800000, revisedDateStr=2026-06-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792651176893, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1782748800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792651176893, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792651176893, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792651176893, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320037798686605953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2026', volume='54', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='122', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782748800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792651136322, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792656254917, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320059267693003413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037798686605953, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320059267693003414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037798686605953, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=17, endPage=24, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320037969034072377, articleId=1320037968853717304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Experimental study on enhanced oil-water separation performance of high water‑cut produced fluid by novel agglomeration components, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the problems of low pre‑separation efficiency and unsatisfactory oil-water separation performance for high water‑cut produced fluid,a grid‑type coalescing component was designed based on theoretical analysis of oil‑droplet motion and coalescence behavior to increase the rising velocity of oil droplets and enhance the overall separation performance.Comparative experiments were carried out to systematically evaluate the separation performance of four configurations:separator without coalescing inserts,parallel perforated corrugated‑plate,parallel serpentine‑plate,and the proposed grid‑type coalescing component,under various operating temperatures and residence times.The experimental results demonstrate that at an inlet temperature of 35 ℃ and a residence time of 20 min,the oil content at the aqueous‑phase outlet decreases by 79%~88.4% after installing coalescing inserts.Specifically,the grid‑type coalescing component reduces the aqueous‑phase outlet oil content to 174 mg/L,which considerably outperforms conventional components and satisfies the requirements for subsequent water treatment.As the temperature rises from 25 ℃ to 35 ℃,the separation performance of all separators is improved,and the grid‑type coalescing component achieves the largest reduction (76.8%) in outlet oil content.Balancing separation performance and energy consumption,30  ℃ is identified as the optimal operating temperature.Prolonging the residence time can further boost separation efficiency;the improvement is most pronounced for the grid‑type coalescing component.During 60  min continuous operation,the aqueous‑phase outlet oil content stabilizes at approximately 257 mg/L,the water content at the oil‑phase outlet remains at 29%,and the overall separation efficiency reaches up to 99.8%,exhibiting favorable stability for continuous operation.This novel coalescing component can substantially improve the separation efficiency and operational stability for high water‑cut produced fluid,offering a new technical route and theoretical support for the efficient treatment of oilfield produced fluid.

, authors=Yongxing ZHANG1, 2, 3, Jun TIAN1, Yonghu ZHANG4, Xiaoqin XIONG1, 3, Xiaoling CHEN1, 2, 3, Moutong ZHANG1, Ziteng WANG1, authorsList=Yongxing ZHANG, Jun TIAN, Yonghu ZHANG, Xiaoqin XIONG, Xiaoling CHEN, Moutong ZHANG, Ziteng WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320037972460818768, articleId=1320037968853717304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=新型聚结构件强化高含水采出液油水分离性能试验研究, columnId=1317484286475883136, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对高含水采出液预分离效率低、油水分离效果差等问题,基于油滴运动规律与聚结行为的理论分析,设计了一种格栅式聚结构件,以提升油滴上浮速率并强化整体分离性能。通过对比试验,系统评估了无聚结结构件、平行开孔波纹板式、平行蛇板式及格栅式聚结构件在不同操作温度与停留时间条件下的分离性能。结果表明,在入口温度为35 ℃、停留时间为20 min的条件下,安装聚结构件后水相出口含油量降低79%~88.4%,其中,格栅式聚结构件分离器水相出口含油量为174 mg/L,显著优于传统结构件,满足后续水处理要求;随着温度由25 ℃升至35 ℃,各分离器的分离性能均提高,其中,格栅式聚结构件出口含油量的降幅最大(76.8%);综合分离效果与能耗因素,确定30 ℃为最优操作温度;延长停留时间可进一步提升分离效率,尤其是格栅式聚结构件,其分离效果提升最为显著;连续运行60 min时,水相出口含油量稳定在257 mg/L左右,油相出口含水率维持在29%,整体分离效率高达99.8%,表现出良好的连续运行稳定性。该新型聚结构件能够显著提升高含水采出液的分离效率与稳定性,为油田采出液的高效处理提供了新的技术途径与理论支撑。

, authors=张永星1, 2, 3, 田军1, 张永虎4, 熊小琴1, 3, 陈晓玲1, 2, 3, 张谋桐1, 王梓腾1, authorsList=张永星, 田军, 张永虎, 熊小琴, 陈晓玲, 张谋桐, 王梓腾, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

张永星(1982),男,博士,副教授,主要从事油气储运方向研究,通信地址:834000新疆维吾尔自治区克拉玛依市克拉玛依区安定路355号中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区石油工程学院,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=SCvhJ5vVYKaskIvDneZwnw==, magXml=347wVvDenKMMAyZ9SDCUSQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=nfa/NIGmkvbVVC0Kff20XQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=n8rJGDIyuGoT9fsU04vKkA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320037973035438430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037968853717304, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=Yongxing.Zhang@cupk.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320037973144490338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037968853717304, authorId=1320037973035438430, language=EN, stringName=Yongxing ZHANG, firstName=Yongxing, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1School of Petroleum Engineering,China University of Petroleum (Beijing) at Karamay,Karamay 834000,China
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张永星(1982),男,博士,副教授,主要从事油气储运方向研究,通信地址:834000新疆维吾尔自治区克拉玛依市克拉玛依区安定路355号中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区石油工程学院,E-mail:。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

张永星(1982),男,博士,副教授,主要从事油气储运方向研究,通信地址:834000新疆维吾尔自治区克拉玛依市克拉玛依区安定路355号中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区石油工程学院,E-mail:。

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1-入口构件;2-聚结构件;3-水相出口;4-油相出口;5-油堰板;6-流量计;7-预混罐;8-阀门;9-离心泵;10-可调变频泵。

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Basic physical properties of produced fluid

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物性数值测试标准
脱水原油密度/(g·cm-3)0.8506GB/T 13377—2010[20]
25 ℃动力黏度/(mPa·s )34.91NB/SH/T 0870—2020[21]
含水率/%80GB/T 8929—2021[22]
界面张力/(mN·m-1)58.2SY/T 5370—2018[23]
水相pH值6.84HJ 1147—2020[24]
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采出液基础物性

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物性数值测试标准
脱水原油密度/(g·cm-3)0.8506GB/T 13377—2010[20]
25 ℃动力黏度/(mPa·s )34.91NB/SH/T 0870—2020[21]
含水率/%80GB/T 8929—2021[22]
界面张力/(mN·m-1)58.2SY/T 5370—2018[23]
水相pH值6.84HJ 1147—2020[24]
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Dimensional parameters of agglomeration components

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参数数值
聚结构件长度L190
格栅横向位置L13
两个波峰/波谷横向距离L216
平行板间距L313
聚结构件外径D297
聚结构件内径D1295
圆管外径D230
圆管内径D328
格栅纵向位置D45
圆管圆心水平间距l75
圆管圆心纵向间距h18
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聚结构件尺寸参数

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参数数值
聚结构件长度L190
格栅横向位置L13
两个波峰/波谷横向距离L216
平行板间距L313
聚结构件外径D297
聚结构件内径D1295
圆管外径D230
圆管内径D328
格栅纵向位置D45
圆管圆心水平间距l75
圆管圆心纵向间距h18
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新型聚结构件强化高含水采出液油水分离性能试验研究
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张永星 1, 2, 3 , 田军 1 , 张永虎 4 , 熊小琴 1, 3 , 陈晓玲 1, 2, 3 , 张谋桐 1 , 王梓腾 1
流体机械 | 试验研究 2026,54(6): 17-24
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流体机械 |试验研究 2026 , 54 (6) : 17 -24
新型聚结构件强化高含水采出液油水分离性能试验研究
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张永星(1982),男,博士,副教授,主要从事油气储运方向研究,通信地址:834000新疆维吾尔自治区克拉玛依市克拉玛依区安定路355号中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区石油工程学院,E-mail:。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

张永星(1982),男,博士,副教授,主要从事油气储运方向研究,通信地址:834000新疆维吾尔自治区克拉玛依市克拉玛依区安定路355号中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区石油工程学院,E-mail:。

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张永星1, 2, 3 , 田军1, 张永虎4, 熊小琴1, 3, 陈晓玲1, 2, 3, 张谋桐1, 王梓腾1
作者信息
  • 1中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区 石油工程学院,新疆 克拉玛依 834000
  • 2中国石油大学(北京) 机械与储运工程学院,北京 102249
  • 3新疆多介质管道安全输送重点实验室,新疆 克拉玛依 834000
  • 4新疆油田公司 采油工艺研究院(监理公司),新疆 克拉玛依 834000
作者简介:

张永星(1982),男,博士,副教授,主要从事油气储运方向研究,通信地址:834000新疆维吾尔自治区克拉玛依市克拉玛依区安定路355号中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区石油工程学院,E-mail:。

Experimental study on enhanced oil-water separation performance of high water‑cut produced fluid by novel agglomeration components
Yongxing ZHANG1, 2, 3 , Jun TIAN1, Yonghu ZHANG4, Xiaoqin XIONG1, 3, Xiaoling CHEN1, 2, 3, Moutong ZHANG1, Ziteng WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Petroleum Engineering,China University of Petroleum (Beijing) at Karamay,Karamay 834000,China
  • 2College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering,China University of Petroleum (Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
  • 3Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Multi‑Medium Pipeline Safe Transportation,Karamay 834000,China
  • 4Oil Production Technology Research Institute (Supervision Company),Xinjiang Oilfield Company,Karamay 834000,China
出版时间: 2026-06-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.06.003
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针对高含水采出液预分离效率低、油水分离效果差等问题,基于油滴运动规律与聚结行为的理论分析,设计了一种格栅式聚结构件,以提升油滴上浮速率并强化整体分离性能。通过对比试验,系统评估了无聚结结构件、平行开孔波纹板式、平行蛇板式及格栅式聚结构件在不同操作温度与停留时间条件下的分离性能。结果表明,在入口温度为35 ℃、停留时间为20 min的条件下,安装聚结构件后水相出口含油量降低79%~88.4%,其中,格栅式聚结构件分离器水相出口含油量为174 mg/L,显著优于传统结构件,满足后续水处理要求;随着温度由25 ℃升至35 ℃,各分离器的分离性能均提高,其中,格栅式聚结构件出口含油量的降幅最大(76.8%);综合分离效果与能耗因素,确定30 ℃为最优操作温度;延长停留时间可进一步提升分离效率,尤其是格栅式聚结构件,其分离效果提升最为显著;连续运行60 min时,水相出口含油量稳定在257 mg/L左右,油相出口含水率维持在29%,整体分离效率高达99.8%,表现出良好的连续运行稳定性。该新型聚结构件能够显著提升高含水采出液的分离效率与稳定性,为油田采出液的高效处理提供了新的技术途径与理论支撑。

高含水采出液  /  油水分离  /  聚结构件  /  分离性能

Aiming at the problems of low pre‑separation efficiency and unsatisfactory oil-water separation performance for high water‑cut produced fluid,a grid‑type coalescing component was designed based on theoretical analysis of oil‑droplet motion and coalescence behavior to increase the rising velocity of oil droplets and enhance the overall separation performance.Comparative experiments were carried out to systematically evaluate the separation performance of four configurations:separator without coalescing inserts,parallel perforated corrugated‑plate,parallel serpentine‑plate,and the proposed grid‑type coalescing component,under various operating temperatures and residence times.The experimental results demonstrate that at an inlet temperature of 35 ℃ and a residence time of 20 min,the oil content at the aqueous‑phase outlet decreases by 79%~88.4% after installing coalescing inserts.Specifically,the grid‑type coalescing component reduces the aqueous‑phase outlet oil content to 174 mg/L,which considerably outperforms conventional components and satisfies the requirements for subsequent water treatment.As the temperature rises from 25 ℃ to 35 ℃,the separation performance of all separators is improved,and the grid‑type coalescing component achieves the largest reduction (76.8%) in outlet oil content.Balancing separation performance and energy consumption,30  ℃ is identified as the optimal operating temperature.Prolonging the residence time can further boost separation efficiency;the improvement is most pronounced for the grid‑type coalescing component.During 60  min continuous operation,the aqueous‑phase outlet oil content stabilizes at approximately 257 mg/L,the water content at the oil‑phase outlet remains at 29%,and the overall separation efficiency reaches up to 99.8%,exhibiting favorable stability for continuous operation.This novel coalescing component can substantially improve the separation efficiency and operational stability for high water‑cut produced fluid,offering a new technical route and theoretical support for the efficient treatment of oilfield produced fluid.

high water‑cut produced fluid  /  oil-water separation  /  agglomeration components  /  separation performanc
张永星, 田军, 张永虎, 熊小琴, 陈晓玲, 张谋桐, 王梓腾. 新型聚结构件强化高含水采出液油水分离性能试验研究. 流体机械, 2026 , 54 (6) : 17 -24 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.06.003
Yongxing ZHANG, Jun TIAN, Yonghu ZHANG, Xiaoqin XIONG, Xiaoling CHEN, Moutong ZHANG, Ziteng WANG. Experimental study on enhanced oil-water separation performance of high water‑cut produced fluid by novel agglomeration components[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2026 , 54 (6) : 17 -24 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.06.003
随着老区油田的逐步开发,我国主要油田已普遍进入高含水甚至特高含水开发阶段。采出液中的含水率持续上升,高含水率不仅增加了运行成本,还带来了设备磨损和管道结垢等问题[1]。此外,油田在不断转型的过程中,采用了多种开发方式,如水驱[2]、三元复合驱[3]、CO2驱[4]等,使得采出液的水型和油品特性差异大。传统的“大混掺”集中处理模式逐渐暴露出其缺陷,无法有效解决系统结垢、分离效率低等问题[5]。集输过程中,原油含水率升高,导致无效热负荷比例高达90%[6],因此,发展高效采出液预分离技术,通过在井口、计量站或接转站等节点实施“就地分离、就地回注”等措施,从源头削减无效液量输送与处理负荷,已成为优化集输系统能效、降低运行成本及支撑油田可持续开发的迫切技术需求。
重力沉降法是利用油和水的密度差异,使油滴和水滴在容器内相对自然上浮或下沉,实现油水分离[7]。聚结法通过聚结构件的流道或者润湿性,使细小的油滴聚并成较大的油滴,促进油滴聚结和分离[8]。结合填料段的聚结作用和沉降段的重力沉降可以有效提高分离器油水分离能力及效率。卧式分离器中一般采用重力沉降法和聚结法相结合的油水分离方法。聚结结构对于油水分离效率具有较大的影响,优化其内部结构能够有效增强油水分离效果[9]。
KENAWY等[10]在1997年提出了一种改进的标准横流填料(CFP)分离器。梁龙等[11]对错搭波纹板结构进行试验与模拟研究,发现板高和停留时间对分离效率有较大的影响,提出在板上开小孔可提高分离效率。周书院等[12]通过增加聚结构件、调整入口结构为入口旋流式等措施,有效提升了分离器的分离效率。侯健等[13]的试验结果显示,使用平行蛇形板和平行波纹板型聚结构件可以将水相出口含油率降低至0.5%。孙治谦等[14]发现网状波纹板型聚结构件对小液滴具有良好的聚结效果,能够显著提升油水分离效果并缩短停留时间。董国庆等[15]通过试验探究温度和停留时间的影响,认为提高温度和增加停留时间可以提升分离效率。徐占华等[16]提出一种新型出口挡板型聚结构件,通过数值模拟确定最佳的结构参数。YAYLA等[17]研究了板间的最佳距离,并对圆柱形、矩形和椭圆形三种开孔方式的波纹板型聚结构件分离器进行模拟。ORUC等[18]对聚结构件的影响进行了数值模拟研究,认为使用附着L形钩子聚结构件可以将分离效率提高2%。
目前,在油田现场使用的卧式分离器中,出口水相中含油量一般在500~800 mg/L之间(停留时间为30 min),而分离器后端污水处理装置对入口水质要求为水中含油浓度低于300 mg/L。通过优化聚结构件结构能够提高油水分离效率,降低水中含油率,但目前还缺少针对新疆油田高含水采出液分离的卧式分离器聚结构件研究。针对该问题,本文根据聚结构件的分离原理和作用机理提出了一种新型聚结构件。建立试验室规模测试装置,针对新疆油田高含水产出液,测试了该种新型聚结构件分离器的油水分离效率,并对比了多种聚结构件的工作性能。
试验中所使用的高含水采出液为新疆油田陆22井区井口采出液,含水率大约为80%,相关物性见表1。25 ℃时动力黏度为34.91 mPa·s,动力黏度随温度的变化关系如图1所示。对不同含水量在不同温度时的动力黏度进行分析[19],发现该原油的反相点在50%左右,反相点测试曲线如图2所示。
为了研究高含水采出液在不同聚结构件下的油水分离效率,搭建了一套高含水采出液分离系统,主要包括重力卧式油水分离器、采出液预混罐、变频控制离心输送泵、预混泵、油品电加热器、管路系统和阀门系统等,系统流程图如图3所示。预混罐体积为150 L,输送泵为1JET-25Z型变频增压自吸泵,预混泵型号为MHI-405,加热器为不锈钢电加热棒(220 V,3 000 W)。卧式油水分离器长径比为4∶1,长度1 200 mm,直径为300 mm,主要由入口构件、聚结构件、重力沉降分离区与油室组成,如图4所示。
本研究比较了三种聚结构件分离器的分离效果,分别为平行开孔波纹板式、平行蛇板式和一种格栅式聚结构件,关键尺寸参数见表2,材料为不锈钢材质。详细结构如图5所示,各构件均布置于相同功能区域内,以保证不同构件在相同壳体尺寸和相同流动边界条件下进行测试。
首先,将现场收集的采出液倒入预混罐内,打开预混泵,预混10 min,调节加热器温度至试验温度。为防止混合罐内经过长时间的重力作用引起油水分层,并充分模拟现场采出液的流动情况,开启预混泵进行预混罐罐内小循环,通过泵的剪切作用,使得油水充分混合。打开变频输送泵,调节流量至试验设定流量,经过一段时间后流量达到稳定,稳定后10 min开始取样。
为了研究采出液温度对分离效果的影响规律,分别设定温度为25,30,35 ℃。为了研究停留时间的影响,设定流量为0.2,0.4 m3/h。试验用卧式分离器设备的有效容积是一定的,停留时间和入口流量之间的关系见式(1),流量0.2,0.4 m3/h对应的停留时间分别为20,10 min。
ta=VeQin
式中,ta为实际停留时间;Ve为有效容积;Qin为入口流量。
为了研究不同聚结构件对分离效果的影响,更换3种不同聚结构件,进行重复试验。为了确保试验结果的可靠性,每组试验重复取样水相和油相3次。水相中含油浓度的测量按照SY/T 0530—2011[25]标准进行测量,含油量与吸光度的关系计算式如下:
E=0.000 367 C+0.075 444
式中,E为被测水样的吸光度;C为被测水样的含油量,mg/L。
结果拟合曲线如图6所示,相关性0.99,符合标准要求。当仪器测得的参数是吸光度E时,水中含油量按下式进行计算:
C=EV0nKVw
式中,V0为萃取液总体积,mL;n为稀释倍数;K为吸光系数,L/mg;Vw为被测水样的体积,mL。
在入口温度为35 ℃和停留时间为20 min时,测试并对比了卧式分离器安装不同聚结构件时的水相出口含油量,试验结果如图7所示。
可以看出,在未安装聚结构件时,水相含油量高达1 500 mg/L,远高于目标值污水处理装置入口水质要求(300 mg/L)。采用平行波纹板聚结构件时,水相出口含油量大幅下降至315 mg/L,但是仍略高于后续处理要求。采用平行蛇板式和格栅式聚结构件时,水相出口含油量均低于300 mg/L,分别为289 mg/L和174 mg/L。与无聚结构件卧式分离器相比,安装聚结构件后水相出口的含油量下降了79%~88.4%。
造成上述差异的原因在于,不同聚结构件对流道组织方式和液滴迁移路径的影响不同。传统波纹板式和蛇板式构件主要依靠曲折流道改变局部流动状态,在流道转折和缩扩区域促进液滴碰撞聚并,但其作用区域相对局限,液滴碰撞更多发生在固定通道内部。相比之下,新型交错管栅式聚结构件通过交错排布形成多方向连通流道,使液滴在流经构件区域时能够获得更多横向接触和局部聚并机会。
根据斯托克斯公式〔见式(4)〕,液滴的终端沉降速度v与液滴直径d、密度差Δρ成正比,与连续相(水)的黏度μ成反比。
v=d2Δρg18μ
温度升高显著降低油的黏度μ(如图1所示),增大沉降速度v;同时温度升高,降低了油水界面张力,促进油滴在聚结材料表面合并为大液滴。操作温度不但影响分离器的分离效果,还决定了分离过程中的单位能耗。操作温度越高,分离效果越好,但是温度越高,用于加热所消耗的能量越大。
图8示出在停留时间为20 min时,操作温度对分离效果的影响规律。从图中可以看出,随着温度由25 ℃增加至35 ℃,无聚结构件和平行波纹板式、平行蛇板式、格栅式三种结构的卧式分离器水相出口含油量分别下降了36.7%,63.4%,69.2%和76.8%。格栅式效果最佳,其次为平行蛇板式和平行波纹板式聚结构件。在35 oC时,使用平行蛇板式和格栅式聚结构件的分离器均能满足水相出口含油量低于300 mg/L的要求;在30 oC时,仅格栅式聚结构件分离器的水相出口含油量低于300 mg/L,为265 mg/L;在25 oC时,三种聚结构件分离器水相出口含油量均大于水质要求,分别为1 166,636,552 mg/L。因此,选择操作温度为30 oC,不但能够满足水相出口水质要求,还能降低分离能耗。
理论分析表明,停留时间越大,油水分离效果越好。这是由于沉降时间增加,入口流速降低,入口湍流强度降低,流场稳定性提高,同时分散相得到足够的时间浮升或者沉降至油水分界面得到分离,因此,随着停留时间的增加,分离效率提高。图9示出操作温度为30 ℃时,停留时间对分离效果的影响规律。
结果显示,停留时间为10 min时,平行蛇板式聚结构件的分离效果最好,水相出口含油量最低,为492 mg/L;其次为格栅式和平行波纹板式聚结构件,分别为681,804 mg/L;无聚结构件时水相出口含油量最高,为2 316 mg/L。当停留时间由10 min增加至20 min时,平行蛇板式与格栅式聚结构件分离效果增加更为明显,分别提升了29.3%和61.1%,而平行波纹板式聚结构件仅提升了17%。尽管增加停留时间能够有效提高分离效果,但仅有格栅式聚结构件分离器的水相出口含油量满足现场水质要求。
为了评价格栅式聚结构件分离器连续运行稳定性,考察了分离器连续运行60 min过程中水相出口含油量、油相出口含水率,并计算了分离效率。试验运行条件为30 ℃,流量为0.2 m3/h(即停留时间为20 min),分离器入口含水率80%(含油量170 120 mg/L)。运行间隔20 min取样一次进行分析,连续运行结果如图10所示。可以看到,在运行时间60 min内,水相出口含油率稳定在257 mg/L左右,满足小于300 mg/L水质要求;油相出口含水率稳定在29%左右;油水分离效率稳定在99.8%以上,表现出良好的连续运行稳定性。结果表明,格栅式聚结构件不仅满足水相出口水质要求,而且实现了连续稳定运行,可用于新疆油田高含水采出液油水分离。
在油水分离过程中,存在2种不同形式的油滴颗粒聚结机制,即润湿聚结和碰撞聚结[26-28]。碰撞聚结理论认为,聚结构件中设计了曲折的流通通道,液滴通过时可以显著提升碰撞概率,致使小油滴更易于聚合成大液滴,从而促进分离效率的提升。传统板式聚结构件中,相邻板组之间构成单层流通通道,流体在n个单层流道中通过,在流道曲折突变处产生局部涡流,在此作用下增加油滴碰撞概率,促进小油滴聚结为大油滴。但在板式聚结构件中,油滴浮升的高度有限,流道之间相互隔离。因此,单一流道内的流通时间较短,使得小油滴难以完成碰撞聚结为大油滴。而在高含水采出液中,油滴分布更加分散,致使油水分离效率达不到现场工艺要求。
开孔波纹板在传统波纹板的基础上开孔,起到串联各个单独流道的作用,增加了分离器的油水分离效率。其关键在于开孔设计促进了油滴的连续上浮,将“单层独立式分离”的形式转变为“多层串联式分离”形式,从而增大了油滴的有效浮升空间,提高油滴碰撞概率。
本研究在基于“多层串联式分离”和涡流增加碰撞概率以提升效率的理论基础上,提出了一种新型聚结构件。采出液在流经该构件时会产生较为复杂的流场,图11示出格栅式结构分离器流线。试验结果表明,新构件相对于无填料和其他2种填料方式有着更高的分离效率。这是由于油滴在管栅中碰撞圆管表面后迅速铺展形成一层油膜,增加的碰撞概率有利于小油滴聚结形成大油滴。此外,在构件内流道交错复杂,增加了油滴的上浮时间,拥有较大的上浮空间,油滴在浮力作用下上浮,再次碰撞聚结形成更大的油滴。
(1)在35 ℃、停留时间20 min条件下,加装聚结构件使水相出口含油量降低79%~88.4%;其中,格栅式构件效果最优,分离器出口含油量仅为174 mg/L,满足后续水处理要求。
(2)温度从25 ℃升至35 ℃时,各分离器出口含油量均下降,格栅式降幅最大(76.8%)。综合分离效率与能耗,30 ℃为最佳操作温度,该温度下仅格栅式分离器可使出口含油量低于300 mg/L。
(3)停留时间由10 min延长至20 min,格栅式分离性能提升最显著(含油量降幅61.1%),平行蛇板式次之(29.3%),平行波纹板式最小(17%)。20 min下仅格栅式达标;短停留时间下所有构型均无法满足水质要求。
(4)在30 ℃、流量0.2 m³/h(停留时间20 min)、入口含水率80%条件下连续运行60 min,水相出口含油量稳定在约257 mg/L,油相出口含水率约29%,总分离效率>99.8%,表明系统具备长期运行稳定性。
(5)格栅式构件的强化机理在于其交错流道设计,形成“多层串联式分离”效果,从而克服传统板式构件流道隔离、聚结不充分的局限,为高含水采出液处理提供了可行途径。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.06.003
  • 接收时间:2025-11-25
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-25
  • 修回日期:2026-06-05
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    1中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区 石油工程学院,新疆 克拉玛依 834000
    2中国石油大学(北京) 机械与储运工程学院,北京 102249
    3新疆多介质管道安全输送重点实验室,新疆 克拉玛依 834000
    4新疆油田公司 采油工艺研究院(监理公司),新疆 克拉玛依 834000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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