Article(id=1320037898309710538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037738695475401, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.05.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760112000000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-11, revisedDate=1773504000000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792651160075, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1780070400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792651160075, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792651160075, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792651160075, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320037738695475401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2026', volume='54', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780070400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792651122020, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792656245721, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320059229113795207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037738695475401, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320059229113795208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037738695475401, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=9, endPage=17, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320037898599117515, articleId=1320037898309710538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Study on heat transfer enhancement performance of cross‑flow plate heat recovery device, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve the heat transfer performance of the heat recovery device in the closed system of heat pump dryer,a heat recovery device with a convex structure (truncated cone‑shaped and cylindrical) was proposed.The influence of the shape and arrangement of the convex structure on the heat transfer performance was analyzed by the method of experiment and numerical simulation.The results show that when Re=542~1 692,the heat transfer enhancement multiples of Nutruncated cone/Nuplate and Nucylinder/Nuplate are 1.29~1.42 and 1.22~1.26,respectively,which are larger than those of smooth plate.The comprehensive thermal performance evaluation factor PEC of the truncated cone‑shaped convex heat recoverer is 1.09~1.15,which is better than that of the cylindrical convex structure with the same Re.The PEC of the staggered arrangement of the cone‑shaped convex heat collectors is 1.09~1.15.Among them,the PEC of Re=542~1 490 staggered arrangement is larger than that of grouping arrangement,and the comprehensive heat transfer performance of staggered arrangement is better.The research results provide a theoretical basis for the structural optimization of the heat recovery device of the heat pump dryer.

, authors=Zhiyan CHEN1, Zijian TAN1, Xiangyang SHEN1, Yinghao YANG1, Jiashu CHEN1, Yu XIE1, Yusheng HUANG2, authorsList=Zhiyan CHEN, Zijian TAN, Xiangyang SHEN, Yinghao YANG, Jiashu CHEN, Yu XIE, Yusheng HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiangyang SHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320037902109749982, articleId=1320037898309710538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=叉流式板式热回收器传热强化性能研究, columnId=1317484286475883136, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为提高热泵烘干机闭式系统热回收器的传热性能,提出一种带凸起结构(圆台形和圆柱形)的热回收器,采用试验结合数值模拟的方法,分析凸起结构形状和凸起排列方式对其传热性能的影响。结果表明,当Re=542~1 692时,热回收器圆台形和圆柱形凸起结构的传热强化倍数(Nu圆台/Nu板,Nu圆柱/Nu板)分别为1.29~1.42和1.22~1.26,均大于光滑板;圆台形凸起热回收器的综合热性能评价因子(PEC)为1.09~1.15,优于相同Re圆柱形凸起结构的PEC;圆台形凸起热回收器交错排列方式的PEC为1.09~1.15,Re=542~1 490交错排列的PEC均大于分组排列方式,交错排列方式的综合传热性能更优。研究结果可为热泵烘干机热回收器结构优化提供参考。

, authors=陈志檐1, 谭子键1, 沈向阳1, 杨颖豪1, 陈嘉澍1, 谢宇1, 黄裕声2, authorsList=陈志檐, 谭子键, 沈向阳, 杨颖豪, 陈嘉澍, 谢宇, 黄裕声, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=沈向阳, authorNote=

陈志檐(1997),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为强化传热与节能技术,通信地址:510550广东省广州市白云区广从八路1188号仲恺农业工程学院机电学院,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=
沈向阳(1982),男,博士,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事强化传热与节能技术、制冷空调、设施环境调控技术等研究工作,通信地址:510550广东省广州市白云区广从八路1188号仲恺农业工程学院机电学院,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=moDwc9BO+efxxL7l/QX4WQ==, magXml=CgbupXO/3E8IyGI4FCHY3w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=vUhvGJKSOrUP9YWPmUHx7Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=chMhaAQEI7nRGug5/qfY6A==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320037902495625958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037898309710538, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=3459955037@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320037902583706344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037898309710538, authorId=1320037902495625958, language=EN, stringName=Zhiyan CHEN, firstName=Zhiyan, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou 510550,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320037902671786729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037898309710538, authorId=1320037902495625958, language=CN, stringName=陈志檐, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1仲恺农业工程学院 机电工程学院,广州 510550, bio={"content":"

陈志檐(1997),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为强化传热与节能技术,通信地址:510550广东省广州市白云区广从八路1188号仲恺农业工程学院机电学院,E-mail:。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

陈志檐(1997),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为强化传热与节能技术,通信地址:510550广东省广州市白云区广从八路1188号仲恺农业工程学院机电学院,E-mail:。

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journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037898309710538, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同Re下试验Nu、干空气和湿空气模拟的Nu及f变化曲线, figureFileSmall=RY8ldlUUKYAyobSz2TPyEw==, figureFileBig=3jbQyNO0BJq8RlWcDFY5lA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320037907985969957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037898309710538, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Experimental and measuring instrument parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验测量
仪器
设备型号量程精度、误差限
变频风机鸿冠珂兴
HF-100PE
0~366 m3/h—
电加热管U型紫铜
电加热管
800 W—
超声波
加湿器
美的3G40S300~350
ml/h
—
K型热电偶OMEGA0~1 300 ℃±0.5 ℃
湿度控制器SievalHC-05B0~100%RH±2%RH
热敏风速仪鑫思特
HT-9 829
0.1~25 m/s±(5%+0.2 m/s)
数据采集仪24 972A——
卷尺AHT99 1023 000 mm1 mm
游标卡尺MC02050123-1150 mm0.02 mm
), ArticleFig(id=1320037908103410470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037898309710538, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验测量仪器及参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验测量
仪器
设备型号量程精度、误差限
变频风机鸿冠珂兴
HF-100PE
0~366 m3/h—
电加热管U型紫铜
电加热管
800 W—
超声波
加湿器
美的3G40S300~350
ml/h
—
K型热电偶OMEGA0~1 300 ℃±0.5 ℃
湿度控制器SievalHC-05B0~100%RH±2%RH
热敏风速仪鑫思特
HT-9 829
0.1~25 m/s±(5%+0.2 m/s)
数据采集仪24 972A——
卷尺AHT99 1023 000 mm1 mm
游标卡尺MC02050123-1150 mm0.02 mm
), ArticleFig(id=1320037908162130727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037898309710538, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Heat recovery material and inlet air physical parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数铝湿空气(热)湿空气(冷)
密度/(kg⋅m-3)2 7191.1771.19
比热/(J⋅kg-1⋅K-1)8711 039.311 020.13
热导率/(W⋅m-1⋅K-1)202.40.0260.025
动力黏度/(kg⋅m-1⋅s-1)—0.000 018 90.000 018 9
), ArticleFig(id=1320037908233433896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037898309710538, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

热回收器材料及进口空气物性参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数铝湿空气(热)湿空气(冷)
密度/(kg⋅m-3)2 7191.1771.19
比热/(J⋅kg-1⋅K-1)8711 039.311 020.13
热导率/(W⋅m-1⋅K-1)202.40.0260.025
动力黏度/(kg⋅m-1⋅s-1)—0.000 018 90.000 018 9
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叉流式板式热回收器传热强化性能研究
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陈志檐 1 , 谭子键 1 , 沈向阳 1 , 杨颖豪 1 , 陈嘉澍 1 , 谢宇 1 , 黄裕声 2
流体机械 | 试验研究 2026,54(5): 9-17
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流体机械 |试验研究 2026 , 54 (5) : 9 -17
叉流式板式热回收器传热强化性能研究
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陈志檐(1997),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为强化传热与节能技术,通信地址:510550广东省广州市白云区广从八路1188号仲恺农业工程学院机电学院,E-mail:。

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陈志檐(1997),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为强化传热与节能技术,通信地址:510550广东省广州市白云区广从八路1188号仲恺农业工程学院机电学院,E-mail:。

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陈志檐1 , 谭子键1, 沈向阳1 , 杨颖豪1, 陈嘉澍1, 谢宇1, 黄裕声2
作者信息
  • 1仲恺农业工程学院 机电工程学院,广州 510550
  • 2广东欧思丹特种热泵系统技术有限公司,广东 佛山 528225
通讯作者:
沈向阳(1982),男,博士,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事强化传热与节能技术、制冷空调、设施环境调控技术等研究工作,通信地址:510550广东省广州市白云区广从八路1188号仲恺农业工程学院机电学院,E-mail:。
作者简介:

陈志檐(1997),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为强化传热与节能技术,通信地址:510550广东省广州市白云区广从八路1188号仲恺农业工程学院机电学院,E-mail:。

Study on heat transfer enhancement performance of cross‑flow plate heat recovery device
Zhiyan CHEN1 , Zijian TAN1, Xiangyang SHEN1 , Yinghao YANG1, Jiashu CHEN1, Yu XIE1, Yusheng HUANG2
Affiliations
  • 1College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou 510550,China
  • 2Guangdong AIROSD Special Heat Pump Systems Technology Co.,Ltd.,Foshan 528225,China
出版时间: 2026-05-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.05.002
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为提高热泵烘干机闭式系统热回收器的传热性能,提出一种带凸起结构(圆台形和圆柱形)的热回收器,采用试验结合数值模拟的方法,分析凸起结构形状和凸起排列方式对其传热性能的影响。结果表明,当Re=542~1 692时,热回收器圆台形和圆柱形凸起结构的传热强化倍数(Nu圆台/Nu板,Nu圆柱/Nu板)分别为1.29~1.42和1.22~1.26,均大于光滑板;圆台形凸起热回收器的综合热性能评价因子(PEC)为1.09~1.15,优于相同Re圆柱形凸起结构的PEC;圆台形凸起热回收器交错排列方式的PEC为1.09~1.15,Re=542~1 490交错排列的PEC均大于分组排列方式,交错排列方式的综合传热性能更优。研究结果可为热泵烘干机热回收器结构优化提供参考。

热回收器  /  对流  /  传热性能  /  流动  /  数值模拟

In order to improve the heat transfer performance of the heat recovery device in the closed system of heat pump dryer,a heat recovery device with a convex structure (truncated cone‑shaped and cylindrical) was proposed.The influence of the shape and arrangement of the convex structure on the heat transfer performance was analyzed by the method of experiment and numerical simulation.The results show that when Re=542~1 692,the heat transfer enhancement multiples of Nutruncated cone/Nuplate and Nucylinder/Nuplate are 1.29~1.42 and 1.22~1.26,respectively,which are larger than those of smooth plate.The comprehensive thermal performance evaluation factor PEC of the truncated cone‑shaped convex heat recoverer is 1.09~1.15,which is better than that of the cylindrical convex structure with the same Re.The PEC of the staggered arrangement of the cone‑shaped convex heat collectors is 1.09~1.15.Among them,the PEC of Re=542~1 490 staggered arrangement is larger than that of grouping arrangement,and the comprehensive heat transfer performance of staggered arrangement is better.The research results provide a theoretical basis for the structural optimization of the heat recovery device of the heat pump dryer.

heat recovery device  /  convection  /  heat transfer performance  /  flow  /  numerical simulation
陈志檐, 谭子键, 沈向阳, 杨颖豪, 陈嘉澍, 谢宇, 黄裕声. 叉流式板式热回收器传热强化性能研究. 流体机械, 2026 , 54 (5) : 9 -17 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.05.002
Zhiyan CHEN, Zijian TAN, Xiangyang SHEN, Yinghao YANG, Jiashu CHEN, Yu XIE, Yusheng HUANG. Study on heat transfer enhancement performance of cross‑flow plate heat recovery device[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2026 , 54 (5) : 9 -17 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.05.002
干燥作为物料加工的核心环节,其能耗问题尤为突出:发达国家干燥能耗占工业总能耗的12%~15%,我国亦超过10%[1]。传统燃煤热风干燥技术应用广泛,但存在燃烧效率低下,干燥过程热能利用率低、单位产品能耗高等问题[2]。热泵烘干技术凭借其高效节能除湿的特性,已成为替代传统燃煤干燥的重要方案,对减少化石能源使用具有重要意义[3-6]。
根据干燥介质循环方式,热泵系统主要分为3类:开式系统、半开式系统和闭式系统。其中,闭式系统利用回风循环,能效高且湿度可控,节能优势突出,逐渐成为研究热点[7-11]。康玉宽等[12]对新型除湿热泵烘干机结构和运行原理进行了研究,结果表明,新型闭式系统可有效提高换热器的换热效率。梁坤峰等[13]通过调节回风旁通率与送风参数,优化了热泵烘干机系统性能。相较于无热回收器的热泵系统,带有热回收器的热泵干燥机的COP为4.19,表明热回收器的引入显著提升了系统COP[14]。
热回收器是闭式热泵干燥系统中的关键部件之一,用于回收废气中的余热,提高系统能效。热回收器的主要优化方法如下:
(1)通道设计,即通过添加翅片、纤维材料[15-16],或采用波纹型、人字形凸起及微结构表面等方式优化[17-23];
(2)拓扑优化,即通过优化材料分布来减少重量并提升刚度[24];
(3)几何形状优化,旨在改善整体外形,以提升综合性能[25-26]。
ABOU ELMAATY等[27]研究发现,波纹板可通过增强湍流提高努塞尔数(Nu)30%~50%,但压降损失增加40%以上。张靖龙[28]提出百叶窗翅片模型,通过诱导涡流提升局部换热效率。NGUYEN等[29]通过试验表明,表面粗糙度优化可使Nu提升15%~20%。然而,目前针对板式热回收器凹凸板凸起结构形状及凸起排列方式的传热性能研究较少。
本文针对闭式热泵烘干机板式热回收器传热效率低的问题,提出一种包含圆台形与圆柱形凸起结构的热回收器凹凸板,通过试验数据验证计算模型的可靠性,并结合数值模拟技术,深入探究凸起结构形状及其交错与分组排列方式对热回收器传热性能的影响规律,进而优化其结构设计,为高效热回收器的研发提供理论依据。
闭式热泵系统中的热回收器是实现能量高效循环利用的关键部件,主要安装在烘干室回风口和蒸发器除湿后排风口之间,用于预冷回风和预热除湿后排风,预冷烘干室回风降低回风进入蒸发器温度,增大回风除湿量,预热蒸发器排风降低排风相对湿度,从而降低进入烘干室热风的相对湿度,提高烘干室烘干效率,降低烘干系统能耗。
闭式热泵烘干机带圆台形凸起的热回收器,其实物如图1所示,蓝色部分为热交换芯体,由多层带凸起结构形状的凹凸板组成,冷空气由图示前端进入后端流出,热空气由右侧流进左侧流出,冷/热空气交错流动。
凹凸板内部结构为向上和向下的圆台形凸起交错排列,其中阴影部分代表向下的圆台形凸起,无阴影部分则为向上的圆台形凸起,如图2所示。
热回收器凹凸板上凸起形状如图3所示。热回收器通道高度5 mm,其中,每个圆台形凸起高度为2.5 mm,板厚0.15 mm,如图4所示。
研究对象为小型热泵烘干机用的板式热回收器,热回收器长度和宽度尺寸均为450 mm,以匹配热泵烘干机整体的紧凑结构。根据热泵烘干机热回收器应用条件,搭建热回收器的性能测试实验平台,该实验平台主要由5部分组成:冷/热风道、热回收器、送风系统、数据采集系统和加湿器。其中,冷/热风通道采用铝板与铝膜保温棉构建,冷风通道、热风通道长度均为1 500 mm,以保证热回收器入口空气的充分发展,冷/热风通道截面尺寸450 mm×450 mm。试验系统如图5所示。
热风通道可分为3段:进口段通过电加热管与加湿器形成高温高湿气流;中间段匀化气流;末段气流经热敏风速仪、湿度控制器及热电偶测量后进入热回收器热风通道,换热后进入热风出口通道,模拟热风降温后进入蒸发过程。冷风通道分为2段:环境空气(21.0±1.0) ℃经变频风机调至设定风速,匀化后通过传感器测量进入热回收器冷风通道;换热后进入冷风出口通道,模拟冷风加热后进入冷凝过程。
实验平台采用的试验测量仪器及参数如表1所示。冷/热通道送风系统选择由变频风机提供所需风量,通过调节器可以实时调节送风管道内的风速。为实现真实烘干房回风状态,需要对湿空气进行超声波加热加湿,将加湿器产生的水雾通过管道送到电加热器附近,让空气在加热的同时进行加湿。试验过程中,数据采集仪采集热回收器进出口和内部壁面的温度,风速、温湿度传感器分别测量热回收器各进出口风速和温湿度数据。利用所测数据进行传热性能相关参数计算。
雷诺数表达式:
Re=ρv1L /μ
式中,ρ为空气平均密度,kg/m3;v1为空气流速,m/s;L为板通道的特征长度,m;μ为空气动力黏度,Pa⋅s。
热流密度表达式:
q=qvCp∆ti /A换
式中,q为热流密度,W/m2;qv为质量流量,kg/s;Cp为空气比热容,J/(kg⋅K);∆ti为空气进出口温度,℃;A换为空气换热面积,m2。
热回收器平均努塞尔数表达式:
Nu=hL /λ
式中,h为对流换热系数,W/(m2⋅K);λ为空气导热系数,W/(m⋅K)。
试验入口热风相对湿度为45%,温度的降低有限,未达到饱和露点温度,故对流换热系数表达式:
h=qTw-Tf
式中,Tw为壁面平均温度,℃;Tf为空气平均温度,℃。
换热板通道特征长度表达式:
L=4A/B
式中,A为空气进口面积,m2;B为空气进口周长,m。
阻力系数表达式:
f=2∆pLL0ρvair2
式中,∆p为空气进出口压降,Pa;L0为通道长度,m;vair为空气平均速度,m/s。
综合热性能评价因子表达式:
PEC=Nu/Nu板(f/f板)1/3
式中,Nu板,f板分别为光滑平面的努塞尔数和阻力系数;Nu/Nu板为传热强化倍数,即强化表面的平均努塞尔数(Nu)与光滑基准平面的平均努塞尔数(Nu板)之比。
当PEC>1时,表明该强化传热方法的综合性能较优,优于所对比的基准传热方法;当PEC<1时,则说明其综合性能不及对比的传热方法;同时,PEC值的大小与传热综合性能呈正相关关系,即PEC值越大,对应的强化传热方法综合性能越好。同时,热回收器换热板传热强化倍数(Nu/Nu板)直接反映换热板传热系统强化能力,因此,Nu/Nu板也是一个重要评价参数。
PEC能更加直观、全面地反映热回收器的传热性能、阻力损失和经济性能[30],因此,本文对于热回收器的综合传热性能评价采用PEC。
利用公式计算出平均Nu和f,分析热回收器的传热性能,进行误差分析。由于试验测量属于间接测量,且计算公式属于积商形式,即:
y=Ax1p1x2p2…xnpn
因此,采用下式来计算相对误差[31]:
urel(y)=uc(y)/y¯={[p1x¯1uc(x1)]2+[p2x¯2uc(x2)]2
式中,p1,p2,...,pn为变量x1,x2,...,xn的指数幂;x¯1,x¯2,...,x¯n为变量x1,x2,...,xn的测量值;uc(x1),uc(x2),...,uc(xn)为用于测量变量x1,x2,...,xn的测量工具误差值。
平均努塞尔数、阻力系数的相对误差:
urel(Nu)={[uc(qv)q¯v]2+[uc(tout-tin)tout-tin¯]2+[uc(L)L¯]2+[uc(tw-tf)tw-tf¯]2}1/2
urel(f)={[uc(L)L¯]2+[uc(∆p)∆P¯]2+[3uc(d)d]2+[2uc(qv)q¯v]2}1/2
将各测量仪器的极限误差值及相应的试验测量值代入公式(10)(11),求得平均Nu和f的相对误差分别为2.3%,3.2%,均小于5.0%。因此,测量仪器在试验系统中的精度符合要求。
热回收器由多层冷/热通道交错叠加构成,带圆台形凸起的热回收器单个通道尺寸为450 mm×450 mm×5 mm。因多层冷/热通道交错为重复结构,为减少计算时间,将物理模型简化为单层冷/热通道交错结构,如图6所示。
使用Fluent对热回收器内部流动和换热建立数学模型,工质为空气,流动状态为层流(Re<2 000)。流体物性在模拟温度范围内变化很小,为了方便数值计算,对流体做如下假设:
(1)流体不可压缩;
(2)通道内为定常流动;
(3)流体物性参数不变;
(4)浮升力忽略不计。
空气在热回收器中流动换热过程的质量、动量和能量守恒方程如下[32]:
∂u∂x+∂v∂y+∂w∂z=0
u∂Ui∂x+v∂Ui∂y+w∂Ui∂z=-1ρ∂P∂i+ν(∂2Ui∂x2+∂2Ui∂y2+∂2Ui∂z2)
u∂t∂x+v∂t∂y+w∂t∂z=a(∂2t∂x2+∂2t∂y2+∂2t∂z2)
式中,u,v,w分别为不同方向的速度分量;ν为运动黏度;P为压力;i为方向;Ui为不同方向的速度分量;a为热扩散系数。
热回收器材料(金属铝)及进口空气物性参数如表2所示。进口条件:热空气侧进口介质为湿空气,相对湿度45%,温度30.0 ℃,采用速度进口;冷空气侧进口介质为湿空气,相对湿度52%,温度22.0 ℃,采用速度进口。
壁面设置:固体材料为铝,壁面与空气接触面为耦合边界条件,壁面无滑移,厚度为0.15 mm。
不同网格单元数时,圆台形凸起网格见图7,热风通道内平均Nu随网格数变化如图8所示。由于模拟结果准确性受网格质量影响,因此,通过计算不同网格模拟结果验证网格无关性。网格数量分别为42万、71万、100万、120万、151万、185万、257万和381万。
从图可见,随网格数量增加,Nu逐渐增大,当网格数超过185万时,Nu增幅明显减小;当网格数从185万增加到381万时,最大Nu变化为1.2%。考虑计算时间和计算经济性,使用网格数为185万的模型进行模拟计算。
图9示出热回收器单通道试验、干空气模拟和湿空气模拟的Nu及f随Re的变化。
为验证计算模型的可靠性,对模拟的Nu和f与试验值进行比较。由图9可知,Re=542~1 692时,Nu试验值及干、湿空气的模拟值随着Re增加而增大,f的干、湿空气模拟值随着Re增加而减小,变化范围为0.041~0.118;当Re=1 489~1 692时,Nu试验值增加不明显,是由于测量误差导致的。Nu的干空气和湿空气模拟值与试验结果之间最大偏差分别为6.1%和10.6%,f的干、湿空气模拟值最大偏差为11.4%。干空气Nu模拟值与试验值较为接近,模拟方法可靠,因此选用干空气流体作为计算工质。
图10、图11分别为圆台形和圆柱形凸起结构凹凸板热通道的流场矢量图和2种凸起形状局部迹线图。图示截面均选取自热空气通道内圆柱与圆台截面直径相同的x-z平面。由图10可以看出,2种形状结构凸起的流场矢量皆呈水滴状,但相同进口速度条件下,流体经过圆柱形凸起的局部速度比圆台形凸起大,这是由于几何形状上圆柱的直径是恒定的,通道截面积在凸起部分突然收缩,导致流体局部速度增大;而圆台形凸起的通道截面积是渐进平滑收缩的,导致流体局部速度增幅相较于圆柱形凸起更小。流体经过凸起的尾迹部分,矢量箭头方向不同,产生涡旋,这是由于流体经过凸起尾迹部分,形成局部的低速区,周围高速的流体在惯性等作用下,向低速区域补充,导致流体在凸起后发生旋转运动。由图11可以看出,圆台形和圆柱形凸起均产生二次流(横向涡旋),圆台形凸起产生的二次流更为明显,因为2种凸起形状的截面积变化率不同,圆柱形保持恒定截面积,导致通道中流体流经凸起边界层会产生明显分离,尾迹流速低且不稳定,而圆台形的倾斜表面使边界层发展更稳定,不易产生明显分离。
(1)在Re=542~1 692时,圆柱形凸起流场中流体局部速度比圆台形凸起更大,边界层易分离且尾迹流速不稳定;圆台形凸起流场边界层更稳定,二次流(横向涡旋)更显著,圆台形凸起流动特性更利于传热强化。
(2)圆台形凸起和圆柱形凸起通道的PEC均随Re的增大而减小,其PEC分别为1.09~1.15和1.09~1.13。在相同Re条件下,圆台形凸起综合强化传热性能均优于圆柱形凸起结构。
(3)在Re=542~1 692时,圆台形凸起热回收器交错排列方式的传热强化倍数(Nu交错排列/Nu板)为1.28~1.42,PEC为1.09~1.15。交错排列的PEC均大于分组排列方式,因此,交错排列方式的综合传热性能更优。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.05.002
  • 接收时间:2025-10-11
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-05-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-11
  • 修回日期:2026-03-15
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    1仲恺农业工程学院 机电工程学院,广州 510550
    2广东欧思丹特种热泵系统技术有限公司,广东 佛山 528225

通讯作者:

沈向阳(1982),男,博士,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事强化传热与节能技术、制冷空调、设施环境调控技术等研究工作,通信地址:510550广东省广州市白云区广从八路1188号仲恺农业工程学院机电学院,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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