Article(id=1320037774510642161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037688510628614, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.04.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747756800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-21, revisedDate=1761580800000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792651130558, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1777478400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792651130558, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792651130558, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792651130558, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320037688510628614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2026', volume='54', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777478400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792651110055, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792656236652, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320059191075656665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037688510628614, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320059191075656666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037688510628614, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=35, endPage=44, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320037776242889714, articleId=1320037774510642161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Gas pulsation testing and analysis of 90 MPa hydrogen diaphragm compressor pipeline, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Addressing the current issues of low accuracy in calculation methods for gas pulsation in high‑pressure pipelines and insufficient research on gas pulsation in hydrogen storage and transportation compressor pipelines,a study on the calculation and testing of gas pulsation in a 90 MPa hydrogen diaphragm compressor pipeline was conducted.An algorithm for 1D unsteady flow in pipelines based on real gas properties was proposed to solve the physical quantities of pulsating gas flow at various points in the pipeline in the time domain.Experimental tests for gas pulsation were performed on the second‑stage exhaust pipeline system of a hydrogen diaphragm compressor under three pressure conditions:90,63.5,46 MPa,with analysis conducted using a self‑developed numerical program.The results show that the calculated pressure pulsation at the measurement points agrees well with the measured data,with larger amplitudes for low‑order harmonics below 100 Hz.The pressure pulsation level is highest at the cylinder outlet (peak‑to‑peak value of 13.4 MPa) and decreases to a lower level downstream at the buffer tank (peak‑to‑peak value of 2.5 MPa).The variation of pressure pulsation with rotational speed differs across pipeline locations.The changes in pressure pulsation at the cylinder outlet and measurement points exceed 2% of the local average pressure,while the variation with rotational speed is smaller in the pipeline sections near the buffer tank.The buffer tank reduces the maximum pressure pulsation in the pipeline by more than 25%.From the perspective of suppressing maximum pressure pulsation,there exists an optimal value for the buffer tank's inner diameter.The research findings can provide technical support for the design and modification of pipelines in high‑pressure hydrogen storage and transportation compressors.

, authors=Jun XIAO1, 2, Zhilong LIU1, 2, Maofei GENG1, 2, authorsList=Jun XIAO, Zhilong LIU, Maofei GENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320037778113548296, articleId=1320037774510642161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=90 MPa氢隔膜压缩机管路气流脉动测试与分析, columnId=1317484287230853622, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=设计计算, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对目前用于高压管路的气流脉动计算方法准确度较低,以及氢储运压缩机管路气流脉动研究不足的情况,开展90 MPa氢隔膜压缩机管路的气流脉动计算与测试研究。提出一种基于实际气体物性的管道一维非定常流动算法,时域求解管路各处脉动气流的物理量。对某氢隔膜压缩机二级排气管路系统,展开90,63.5,46 MPa共3个压力工况下的气流脉动试验测试,并采用自主开发的数值程序进行计算分析。结果表明,测点的压力脉动计算结果与实测数据吻合较好,100 Hz以下低阶谐波的幅值较大;气缸出口处的压力脉动水平最高(峰峰值13.4 MPa),下游缓冲罐降至较低水平(峰峰值2.5 MPa)。管路各处压力脉动随转速变化的情况不同,气缸出口和测点处的压力脉动变化,超过当地平均压力的2%,缓冲罐附近管段随转速的变化较小。缓冲罐使管路最大压力脉动降低25%以上,从抑制最大压力脉动的角度,缓冲罐内径存在最优值。研究结果可为高压氢储运压缩机管路的设计和改造提供技术支撑。

, authors=肖军1, 2, 刘志龙1, 2, 耿茂飞1, 2, authorsList=肖军, 刘志龙, 耿茂飞, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

肖军(1979),男,博士,研究员,研究方向为压缩机及系统气体动力学和结构动力学,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=8MEsQqaWr5hkvwZCl0IOcQ==, magXml=iSORPa+U3/+ZmT2uE0dezA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=qIOpt5OFxhoLYvoL9toY2w==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=N2Xzmh7LZdUMnBfwXNST0w==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320037778512007184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037774510642161, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=xjcompressor@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320037778612670483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037774510642161, authorId=1320037778512007184, language=EN, stringName=Jun XIAO, firstName=Jun, middleName=null, lastName=XIAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China
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肖军(1979),男,博士,研究员,研究方向为压缩机及系统气体动力学和结构动力学,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,E-mail:。

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肖军(1979),男,博士,研究员,研究方向为压缩机及系统气体动力学和结构动力学,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,E-mail:。

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90 MPa氢隔膜压缩机管路气流脉动测试与分析
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肖军 1, 2 , 刘志龙 1, 2 , 耿茂飞 1, 2
流体机械 | 设计计算 2026,54(4): 35-44
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流体机械 |设计计算 2026 , 54 (4) : 35 -44
90 MPa氢隔膜压缩机管路气流脉动测试与分析
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2高端压缩机及系统技术全国重点实验室,合肥 230031, bio={"content":"

肖军(1979),男,博士,研究员,研究方向为压缩机及系统气体动力学和结构动力学,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,E-mail:。

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肖军(1979),男,博士,研究员,研究方向为压缩机及系统气体动力学和结构动力学,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,E-mail:。

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肖军1, 2 , 刘志龙1, 2, 耿茂飞1, 2
作者信息
  • 1合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,合肥 230031
  • 2高端压缩机及系统技术全国重点实验室,合肥 230031
作者简介:

肖军(1979),男,博士,研究员,研究方向为压缩机及系统气体动力学和结构动力学,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,E-mail:。

Gas pulsation testing and analysis of 90 MPa hydrogen diaphragm compressor pipeline
Jun XIAO1, 2 , Zhilong LIU1, 2, Maofei GENG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of High‑end Compressor and System Technology,Hefei 230031,China
出版时间: 2026-04-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.04.005
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针对目前用于高压管路的气流脉动计算方法准确度较低,以及氢储运压缩机管路气流脉动研究不足的情况,开展90 MPa氢隔膜压缩机管路的气流脉动计算与测试研究。提出一种基于实际气体物性的管道一维非定常流动算法,时域求解管路各处脉动气流的物理量。对某氢隔膜压缩机二级排气管路系统,展开90,63.5,46 MPa共3个压力工况下的气流脉动试验测试,并采用自主开发的数值程序进行计算分析。结果表明,测点的压力脉动计算结果与实测数据吻合较好,100 Hz以下低阶谐波的幅值较大;气缸出口处的压力脉动水平最高(峰峰值13.4 MPa),下游缓冲罐降至较低水平(峰峰值2.5 MPa)。管路各处压力脉动随转速变化的情况不同,气缸出口和测点处的压力脉动变化,超过当地平均压力的2%,缓冲罐附近管段随转速的变化较小。缓冲罐使管路最大压力脉动降低25%以上,从抑制最大压力脉动的角度,缓冲罐内径存在最优值。研究结果可为高压氢储运压缩机管路的设计和改造提供技术支撑。

实际气体  /  管路  /  气流脉动  /  氢隔膜压缩机  /  一维非定常流动

Addressing the current issues of low accuracy in calculation methods for gas pulsation in high‑pressure pipelines and insufficient research on gas pulsation in hydrogen storage and transportation compressor pipelines,a study on the calculation and testing of gas pulsation in a 90 MPa hydrogen diaphragm compressor pipeline was conducted.An algorithm for 1D unsteady flow in pipelines based on real gas properties was proposed to solve the physical quantities of pulsating gas flow at various points in the pipeline in the time domain.Experimental tests for gas pulsation were performed on the second‑stage exhaust pipeline system of a hydrogen diaphragm compressor under three pressure conditions:90,63.5,46 MPa,with analysis conducted using a self‑developed numerical program.The results show that the calculated pressure pulsation at the measurement points agrees well with the measured data,with larger amplitudes for low‑order harmonics below 100 Hz.The pressure pulsation level is highest at the cylinder outlet (peak‑to‑peak value of 13.4 MPa) and decreases to a lower level downstream at the buffer tank (peak‑to‑peak value of 2.5 MPa).The variation of pressure pulsation with rotational speed differs across pipeline locations.The changes in pressure pulsation at the cylinder outlet and measurement points exceed 2% of the local average pressure,while the variation with rotational speed is smaller in the pipeline sections near the buffer tank.The buffer tank reduces the maximum pressure pulsation in the pipeline by more than 25%.From the perspective of suppressing maximum pressure pulsation,there exists an optimal value for the buffer tank's inner diameter.The research findings can provide technical support for the design and modification of pipelines in high‑pressure hydrogen storage and transportation compressors.

real gas  /  pipeline  /  gas pulsation  /  hydrogen diaphragm compressor  /  one‑dimensional unsteady flow
肖军, 刘志龙, 耿茂飞. 90 MPa氢隔膜压缩机管路气流脉动测试与分析. 流体机械, 2026 , 54 (4) : 35 -44 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.04.005
Jun XIAO, Zhilong LIU, Maofei GENG. Gas pulsation testing and analysis of 90 MPa hydrogen diaphragm compressor pipeline[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2026 , 54 (4) : 35 -44 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.04.005
氢储运、加氢站等领域广泛采用氢隔膜压缩机,随着氢能产业的高速发展,对氢隔膜压缩机可靠性的要求不断提升。氢隔膜压缩机一般为容积式,间歇性的吸、排气使直连管道内产生强烈的气流脉动,进而可能诱发管路剧烈振动,对压缩机及其管路的安全运行造成重大影响[1-3]。诸多案例表明,压缩机管路的振动问题多由气流脉动引起[4],一旦发生事故,下游用气端将受到直接影响。准确计算压缩机管路系统气流脉动特性,对于评估气流脉动水平、制定抑制管路气流脉动方案、进而减小或消除管路振动,提高压缩机及其管路系统的长周期安全可靠性,具有重要理论意义和应用价值。
管路气流脉动的计算方法主要有基于平面波动理论的频域法和基于非定常流动理论的时域法。平面波动理论[5]假设非定常流动是叠加于平均流动之上的小扰动,将复杂管路系统划分为多个基本单元,以传递矩阵形式建立起各相邻单元间,脉动压力和脉动速度等物理量的传递关系,在频域中求得脉动量的解析解。频域法可快速获得管路各处的脉动量频谱,是早期对管道脉动分析的主要方法,目前在仍在工程上广泛使用[6-13]。小扰动假设在处理大幅气流脉动时会引入较大误差,而全三维非定常流场建模的方法对计算成本需求过高,难以实际应用于复杂管路,至今仅有应用于压缩机局部管道和元件流动的研究[14-19]。基于一维非定常流动理论的时域法是平衡建模物理真实度和计算成本的有效方法。MACLAREN等[20-21]较早地研究了采用一维非定常可压缩流动的双曲偏微分方程进行管道流动计算,考虑具有传热、面积变化和摩擦的管路,使用Lax-Wendroff两步法求解压缩机管路系统中的气流脉动。POLONI等[22]讨论了不同离散方法,求解一维非定常流动方程的计算时间和数值准确性。BRUN[23]将管路系统内流体的黏性、能量耗散等因素都纳入一维非定常流动方程中,试验表明其模拟计算结果更加准确。李元等[24]对某往复压缩机管路建立一维非定常流动的数值模型,在大幅脉动情况下,相比于平面波动理论计算的结果,一维非定常流动方法的计算结果与试验更符合。LIU等[25]采用一维非定常流动方法,模拟具有穿孔管的某压缩机管路的气流脉动,结果表明,当在压缩机和喘振容积间安装穿孔管时,压缩机气缸喷嘴处的压力波动显著降低。ZHAN等[26]建立了耦合气阀运动、气缸泄漏、气缸和管路流动的一维非定常动力学模型,计算表明,管路和气缸的脉动压力、阀门响应等参数与实测数据符合较好。
目前,氢储运压缩机管路气流脉动的研究较少,且有关管路气流脉动建模的研究普遍针对基于理想气体的假设建立流动方程的中低压工艺流程压缩机管道,少有涉及实际气体条件下流动方程的建立及数值算法的实施。氢储运隔膜压缩机排气管道的压力通常在20 MPa以上,管道内脉动气体的热物性变化显著,偏离由理想气体状态方程描述的过程,气流脉动计算结果偏离实际情况。
针对上述问题,本文提出一种管路气流脉动时域计算方法。通过制备热物性表格,计算任意状态的气体物性参数,建立基于实际气体物性的管路一维非定常流动方程和特征方程,时域求解管路各处气流的脉动物理量。针对某氢隔膜压缩机的二级排气管路系统,通过自主开发数值程序,计算管路各处气流脉动的时频域数据,根据计算结果分析管路气流脉动的分布特性,并讨论改变缓冲罐尺寸降低压力脉动的方案。
假设管道中的气体流动是一维的,工质为实际气体,在考虑热传递、管道面积变化和摩擦后,管道流动的连续、动量和能量方程如下。
∂ρ∂t+u∂ρ∂x+ρ∂u∂x=-ρuFdFdx
∂u∂t+u∂u∂x+1ρ∂p∂x=-2fd|u|u-gcosθ
∂h∂ρ|p∂ρ∂t+∂h∂p|ρ-1ρ∂p∂t+u∂h∂p|ρ-1ρ∂p∂x+u∂h∂ρ|p∂ρ∂x=q+2fd|u|u2
式中,ρ为密度,kg/m3;t为时间,s;x为流向位置,m;u为速度,m/s;F为管道截面积,m2;p为压力,Pa;f为管道摩擦系数;d为管道内径,m;g为重力加速度,m/s2;θ为管道与重力方向的夹角,(°);h为比焓,J/kg;q为单位质量流体单位时间换热量,J/(kg⋅s)。
将上述方程各变量无量纲化,变换为如下守恒型流动方程。
Z=a0tL0;R=ρρ0;U=ua0;E=ea02;P=pp0;X=xL0;a02=k0p0ρ0;D=dL0;H=ha02;A=aa0
式中,下标0表示用于无量纲化的参考状态;L0表示参考长度,m;e为比内能,J/kg;k0为比热比;a为声速,m/s;Z,R,U,E,P,X,D,H,A分别为t,ρ,u,e,p,x,d,h,a按式(5)无量纲化后的量。
特征型流动方程是将管道流动方程变换为沿特征线的常微分方程,结合边界条件可对特征型流动方程进行求解。针对实际气体,对特征方程重新进行推导,将式(1)~(3)分别乘以系数σ1,σ2和σ3并相加得到下式。
 σ1+σ3∂h∂ρ|p∂ρ∂t+σ1u+σ3u∂h∂ρ|p∂ρ∂x+σ2∂u∂t+σ1ρ+σ2u∂u∂x+σ3∂h∂p|ρ-1ρ∂p∂t+σ2ρ+σ3u∂h∂p|ρ-1ρ∂p∂x=-σ1ρuFdFdx-σ22fd|u|u-σ2gcosθ+σ3q+σ32fd|u|u2
为使式(6)变换为常微分方程,应满足下式。
λ=dxdtσ1(u-λ)+σ3(u-λ)∂h∂ρ|p=0σ1ρ+σ2(u-λ)=0σ2+σ3(u-λ)ρ∂h∂p|ρ-1=0
齐次方程有解的充分条件是系数矩阵的行列式为0。
u-λ0(u-λ)∂h∂ρ|p01(u-λ)ρ∂h∂p|ρ-1ρu-λ0=0
求解上式可得:
λ=uλ+=u+aλ-=u-a
其中,λ=u表示轨线方程;λ±=u±a表示顺/逆特征线方程。
将上式代入式(7)得到:
λ=uσ1=0σ2=0σ3=∀
λ±=u±aσ1=±aρσ2σ1=-∂h∂ρ|pσ3σ2=±aρ∂h∂p|ρ-1σ3
将上式分别代入式(6),并按式(5)无量纲化得到各特征线及其相容方程。
dXdZ=UdRdZ-1k0A2dPdZ=-qL0/a03+2f/D|U|U2A2k0∂H∂P|R-1R
dXdZ=U±AdUdZ±1k0RAdPdZ=∓UAFdFdX-2fD|U|U-gL0a02cosθ                                    ±qL0/a03+2f/D|U|U2RAk0∂H∂P|R-1R
对管道系统中各管路元件划分网格,在单元内点上采用Lax-Wendroff[22]两步格式求解守恒型方程(4),在边界点、三通点和不同单元相接点上求解特征型方程(12)(13)。时空网格及特征线如图1所示。
图中,j-1,j,j+1分别表示左边界点、内点和右边界点,λ-和λ+分别表示左、右特征线。通过特征线定义的时空轨迹,相容方程描述沿该轨迹的流动参数变化规律,L和R分别表示Z时刻左、右特征线在流向坐标X的落点,ΔXL和ΔXR分别表示在时间步长ΔZ内,左、右特征线沿流向X的长度。对于管道流动,一般u<<a,在左边界点上,求解特征线λ-=u-a对应的相容方程;在右边界点上,求解λ+=u+a对应的相容方程。具体地,对于右特征线及其相容方程,按梯形积分法可得:
ΔXR=URZ+ARZ+Uj+1Z+ΔZ+Aj+1Z+ΔZΔZ2
dW+=dU+dPk0RA
               ∫R,Zj+1,Z+ΔZdW+=-URZARZFRdFRdX-2fDR|URZ|URZ+1ARZk0RRZ∂H∂P|R-1qRZL0a03+2fDR|URZ|(URZ)2-Uj+1Z+ΔZAj+1Z+ΔZFj+1dFj+1dX-2fDj+1|Uj+1Z+ΔZ|Uj+1Z+ΔZ+1Aj+1Z+ΔZk0Rj+1Z+ΔZ∂H∂P|R-1×qj+1Z+ΔZL0a03+2fDj+1|Uj+1Z+ΔZ|(Uj+1Z+ΔZ)2-2gL0a02cosθΔZ2=Uj+1Z+ΔZ-URZ+2(Pj+1Z+ΔZ-PRZ)k0(Rj+1Z+ΔZAj+1Z+ΔZ+RRZARZ)
其中,dW+表示右特征线相容方程两端的微分;URZ,ARZ,RRZ,FR,DR由j和j+1点的值线性内插得到。特征型方程需迭代求解,式(14)~(16)中第一次迭代,令URZ≈UjZ,ARZ≈AjZ,Uj+1Z+ΔZ≈Uj+1Z,Aj+1Z+ΔZ≈Aj+1Z。
应结合各类边界条件使特征型方程封闭,边界点包括开端、闭端、压缩机端等外端点,以及异径、三通等内端点。在闭端U=0,在开端P为常数,在压缩机端:
U=brωa0sinβ+r2lsin2β
式中,b为活塞面积与管端截面积之比;r为曲轴半径,m;ω为角速度,rad/s;β为曲轴角,rad,βop<β<βcl;l为连杆长度,m。
在异径点及三通点,任一侧压力及密度相等,并满足流量连续条件∑FU=0。
分析对象为某气体设备有限公司的某型二级双缸水冷氢隔膜压缩机管路系统,其压缩过程将储氢瓶储存的氢气,经两级压缩至90 MPa以上,送入高压氢瓶内。该压缩机转速430 r/min,活塞冲程180 mm,气量为500 m3/h。图2所示为二级气缸实物,图中气缸的排气端位于进气端上方,二级换热器位于一级换热器左侧。图3所示为二级气缸排气管路视图。测点位于二级气缸排气管路换热器出口,并安装有动态压力传感器,测试系统采用NI cDAQ 9178机箱、NI 9208 16通道电流采集模块,24 V直流电源供电,压力传感器采用WIKA IS-3本安防爆型传感器,终端采集程序使用LabView编程。
现场测试采用的压缩工质为氮气,采集3种工况下动态压力数据,工况1:进气压力27 MPa、排气压力90 MPa;工况2:进气压力18 MPa、排气压力63.5 MPa;工况3:进气压力13 MPa、排气压力46 MPa。
使用氮气开展运转试验,系统由氮瓶供气,通过调节进气管路和排气管路的阀门实现不同压力工况的变化。对采集到的时长2 s的压力信号进行傅里叶变换,去掉直流分量即可得到压力脉动频谱。排气压力90,63.5,46 MPa工况下,测点的压力脉动频谱如图4所示,显见信号的基频即为压缩机的转动频率。90 MPa和63.5 MPa排气压力下,测点的最高脉动幅值位于2倍频,46 MPa排气压力下测点的最高脉动幅值位于4倍频。压力脉动中存在较多高频脉动成分,但幅值相对低频成分显著降低。
根据上文数值方法,在Ubuntu 22.04平台上采用C++编制计算程序,实现基于实际气体物性的气流脉动时域计算。启动计算前,使用Refprop软件制备高压状态下氮气的物性表格,按数值求解过程所需,分别制作以压力和密度为自变量,比内能、比焓和声速为因变量的数据表e(p,ρ)、h(p,ρ)和a(p,ρ);以密度和内能为自变量,压力为因变量的数据表p(ρ,e);以压力和焓为自变量,密度为因变量的数据表ρ(p,h);并使自变量变化范围覆盖气流脉动引起的状态参数变化范围。
选取二级气缸排气管路为分析对象,建立气流脉动模型。该段管路的计算模型如图5所示,管路由气缸引出后流经两个90°弯头,然后进入一段套管式换热器,管路由换热器引出后先向下、再水平进入缓冲罐,之后流经若干阀门,最终进入储罐(图中未标记)。二级排气管路的主管道内径为11.12 mm,换热段管道内径为15.74 mm,缓冲罐内径为150 mm。
以单元为基本单位进行管路建模,每个管路元件(直管、变径等)可包含一个或数个单元,对各单元分别划分网格。上游排气端给定气缸-阀腔边界,下游设置压力边界,求解时管路各处的压力曲线呈周期性收敛后结束计算。针对上述排气管路,分别采用网格尺寸Δx为10 mm和5 mm划分网格,选取换热器进口前和缓冲罐出口监测点一个曲轴周期内的压力脉动曲线为例,在工况1下,结果如图6所示,最大压力脉动差异小于平均压力的2‰。因此,后续计算网格尺寸取为10 mm,对于较短单元可局部加密网格,根据稳定性条件Δt≤Δx/(a+|u|),时间步长设置为5×10-6 s。
采用前述数值方法,计算获得排气管路的气流脉动时域数据,为与现场数采设备得到的压力脉动结果相比,取监测点时长10 s的时域数据进行快速傅里叶变换,获取0.1 Hz下的压力频谱。图7(a)(b)(c)示出了不同排气压力下,换热器出口测点处的压力脉动频谱,纵轴为压力脉动幅值。
从图可以看出,基于时域方法计算的压力脉动频谱与测试结果总体符合较好,100 Hz以下低阶谐波的幅值较大,高阶谐波的幅值相对较低。与计算结果相比,各压力工况下实测的压力脉动在200 Hz以上仍具有一定能量,可能因一维管道数值模型无法精确模拟局部结构的流场所致,如阀门、二通、弯头等元件内部复杂型线诱发的脉动流场。将本文算法结果与试验数据对比,90 MPa排气压力下,1~2阶转频的幅值最高,其后能量逐渐降低;63.5 MPa排气压力下,1~2阶和4~5阶转频的幅值分布相近;46 MPa排气压力下,4阶转频的幅值远高于其他频率。对比结果验证了本文算法进行管道气流脉动计算的可靠性。
此外,运用Bentley PULS软件计算测点压力脉动,如图7(d)(e)(f)所示。Bentley PULS软件基于广泛应用的平面波动方法,假设管道流动是平均流动叠加线性扰动。由图可知,低阶谐波的幅值同样较高,但90 MPa和63.5 MPa等较高排气压力下,平面波动方法的压力脉动结果远高于实测数据。46 MPa排气压力下,本文算法得出的4阶转频的幅值高于试验值。高排气压力下,密度与速度变化强耦合,管道流动非线性效应显著,平面波动方法中线性化扰动的处理,忽略了非线性脉动项的能量耗散作用,导致计算的脉动幅值偏大,偏离实际流动情况。
当计算的监测点位置脉动压力呈周期性变化后,提取一个曲轴周期内管路各网格点的最大最小压力和流量数据并相减,得到压力和流量脉动的峰峰值数据。
图8和图9分别示出了不同排气压力下,二级排气管路的压力脉动和质量流量峰峰值分布情况。
由图8可知,压力脉动水平最高值位于气缸出口附近,超过10%的排气压力,自换热段引出后,向下游脉动水平逐渐降低,特别在缓冲罐前管路的脉动水平下降最快。随排气压力的减小,管路整体的压力脉动峰峰值逐渐降低。由图9可知,流量脉动水平最高值位于换热段和缓冲罐前的管路,缓冲罐中段流量脉动水平变化剧烈,至缓冲罐后半段流量脉动已显著降低。两端盲端管路流量脉动水平几乎为0。随排气压力减小,管路整体的流量脉动峰峰值亦逐渐降低。
考虑到下游用户的实际用气需求,在二级排气管路设置缓冲罐结构,以降低气流的压力脉动水平。实际缓冲罐内径为150 mm,另外计算分析90 MPa排气压力时,无缓冲罐和较大缓冲罐内径下排气管路的压力脉动情况,如图10所示。
比较图8(a)和图10可知,无缓冲罐情况下,管路的压力脉动分布情况有所不同,表现为由气缸出口至换热器前半段压力脉动先降低,至换热器后半段又升高,且整体脉动峰峰值显著增加,气缸出口处最高,达到18.2 MPa。缓冲罐内径200 mm时,管路最大脉动峰峰值由150 mm时的13.4 MPa降至12.3 MPa,内径250 mm时最大脉动峰峰值又略有上升。缓冲罐出口附近的压力脉动水平,随罐内径增加而持续下降,无缓冲罐和罐内径分别为150,200,250 mm时,压力脉动峰峰值分别为12.8,2.5,1.3,0.8 MPa。该结果表明,缓冲罐可有效抑制管路整体的压力脉动水平,使最大压力脉动降低25%以上。从抑制最大压力脉动的角度分析,缓冲罐内径存在最优值,在90 MPa的排气压力下,最优内径在150~250 mm范围。图11示出额定转速±10%范围内,不同排气压力下管路中3个位置压力脉动峰峰值随转速的变化。
由图可知,不同转速下气缸出口弯头和测点处的压力脉动变化较显著,超过当地平均压力的2%,而缓冲罐处的压力脉动变化则相对平缓。不同压力工况下的气体物性变化,导致管路气柱的各阶声学固有频率不同,同时不同转速下气缸间歇性吸排气对各阶声学模态的激励程度存在差异,因而不同压力工况下转速变化,引起的气流脉动变化呈现不同的态势。63.5 MPa排气压力下,气缸出口弯头和测点处的压力脉动峰峰值,在额定转速430 r/min附近较低,转速降低和升高均可导致该处压力脉动增加。46 MPa排气压力下,气缸出口弯头和测点处的压力脉动峰峰值在额定转速430 r/min附近较高,转速降低和升高均导致该处压力脉动下降。90 MPa排气压力下,气缸出口弯头的压力脉动随转速单调下降,而换热器出口测点处的压力脉动则随转速变化而起伏。上述结果表明,气缸出口弯头至换热器出口前,管段的压力脉动对转速变化相对敏感,缓冲罐附近管路的压力脉动已显著衰减,受转速变化影响较小。
(1)针对压缩机管路气流脉动的计算,基于实际气体工质,推导管道一维非定常流动方程和特征型方程,编制数值计算程序,实现管路气流脉动的时域分析。
(2)以某储氢用氢隔膜压缩机的二级排气管路为研究对象,进行气流脉动特性的试验和计算分析。与广泛应用的平面波动方法相比,本文基于实际气体物性时域计算,得到的测点压力脉动频谱与通过试验获得的结果符合较好,各阶谐波幅值相对大小的分布相近,而平面波动方法在高压工况下准确度较低,脉动幅值远高于实测值。
(3)不同管段气流的压力脉动幅度存在显著差异,气缸出口的压力脉动水平最高,超过10%的排气压力,换热器至缓冲罐管段压力脉动下降较快。随排气压力的减小,管路压力脉动水平逐渐降低。
(4)缓冲罐使管路最大压力脉动水平降低25%以上,缓冲罐内径存在最优值。过大的缓冲罐内径不能使管路最大压力脉动水平进一步降低。缓冲罐附近管段的压力脉动已充分衰减,对转速变化不敏感。
(5)本文提出的基于实际气体物性的气流脉动时域计算方法,有利于准确评估管路气流脉动水平,可为制定脉动抑制方案提供数据支撑。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.04.005
  • 接收时间:2025-05-21
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-04-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-21
  • 修回日期:2025-10-28
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    1合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,合肥 230031
    2高端压缩机及系统技术全国重点实验室,合肥 230031
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.04.005
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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