Article(id=1320037676502336107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037605320802443, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.03.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760976000000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-21, revisedDate=1768320000000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792651107192, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1774800000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792651107192, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792651107192, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792651107192, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320037605320802443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2026', volume='54', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774800000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792651090221, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792656224643, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320059140710454212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037605320802443, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320059140710454213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037605320802443, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=99, endPage=109, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320037676678496876, articleId=1320037676502336107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Research on fast simulation of erosion damage in gas-liquid-solid multiphase flow in tee reducing pipes based on reduced‑order models, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the common failure caused by erosion‑thinning and perforation in industrial pipelines,a rapid prediction and simulation study on erosion damage in tee reducing pipes was carried out based on the POD‑Kriging reduced‑order model.The results show that the established reduced‑order model improves the efficiency of numerical simulation by three orders of magnitude,with the prediction error of erosion damage controlled at approximately 4%.Regularly selected design points can significantly enhance prediction stability,yielding a relative mean absolute error (RMAE) of erosion rate of 2.1%,whereas irregular design points cause the error to surge to 86.6%.Optimization of the number of modes is critical for capturing complex erosion characteristics,and the error decreases to 4.1% when 9 modes are used.The number of design points should be matched coordinately with the number of modes;increasing both simultaneously enables effective capture of the multi‑parameter coupling effect,reducing the erosion rate prediction error from 28.3% to 4.1%.The proposed model provides important support for erosion location prediction,digital inspection and monitoring,as well as damage prevention and control of pressure pipelines.

, authors=Lijing MU1, Shengxuan HE1, 2, Xiaochen TAN1, 3, Bojun ZHANG4, Guide DENG1, Chongchong ZHANG1, Xizhong CHEN5, Cenfan LIU1, authorsList=Lijing MU, Shengxuan HE, Xiaochen TAN, Bojun ZHANG, Guide DENG, Chongchong ZHANG, Xizhong CHEN, Cenfan LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Cenfan LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320037679199273605, articleId=1320037676502336107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=基于降阶模型的气液固多相流管道冲蚀损伤快速仿真研究, columnId=1317484300472271469, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=应用技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对工业管道中常见的冲蚀减薄穿孔破坏失效问题,开展了基于POD-Kriging降阶模型的三通变径管道冲蚀损伤快速预测仿真研究。研究发现,所构建的降阶模型使数值仿真计算效率提升3个数量级,冲蚀预测精度误差控制在4%左右;规律选取设计点可显著提升预测稳定性,冲蚀速率相对平均绝对误差(RMAE)为2.1%,而不规则设计点会导致误差升至86.6%;模态数优化对复杂冲蚀特征提取至关重要,9个模态时误差降至4.1%;设计点数量需与模态数协同匹配,同步增加时可有效捕捉多参数耦合效应,使冲蚀速率预测误差从28.3%降至4.1%。该模型为压力管道冲蚀部位预测、数字检测监测和损伤防控提供重要支撑。

, authors=穆丽静1, 何圣煊1, 2, 谭晓晨1, 3, 张伯君4, 邓贵德1, 张冲冲1, 陈锡忠5, 刘岑凡1, authorsList=穆丽静, 何圣煊, 谭晓晨, 张伯君, 邓贵德, 张冲冲, 陈锡忠, 刘岑凡, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘岑凡, authorNote=

穆丽静(1989),女,博士,工程师,主要从事压力管道冲蚀模拟与机器学习优化技术开发工作,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘岑凡(1987),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事特种设备安全与节能相关的多相流实验与仿真工作,通信地址:100000北京市朝阳区和平街西苑2号楼,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=cT58VFTnfuqQ77gkZgr40Q==, magXml=O+TLzMA46FVYVvuWQsxwHw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=xxQyyg5Y58eOtCW7XFw5Cg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=oCuy+8VaKfXvfqxTyBXZrw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320037679866167958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037676502336107, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=mulijing@csei.org.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320037680021357208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037676502336107, authorId=1320037679866167958, language=EN, stringName=Lijing MU, firstName=Lijing, middleName=null, lastName=MU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Key Laboratory of Special Equipment Safety and Energy‑saving,State Administration for Market Regulation,China Special Equipment Inspection & Research Institute,Beijing 100029,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320037680084271769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037676502336107, authorId=1320037679866167958, language=CN, stringName=穆丽静, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1中国特种设备检测研究院 国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(特种设备安全与节能),北京 100029, bio={"content":"

穆丽静(1989),女,博士,工程师,主要从事压力管道冲蚀模拟与机器学习优化技术开发工作,E-mail:。

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穆丽静(1989),女,博士,工程师,主要从事压力管道冲蚀模拟与机器学习优化技术开发工作,E-mail:。

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Reference(id=1320037688225415939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037676502336107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高乾峰.含固多相流对煤化工控制阀门冲蚀磨损的研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320037688305107716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037676502336107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO Q F.Study of solid⁃containing multiphase flow on coal chemical industry to control valve erosion[D].Yinchuan:Ningxia University,2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, 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(a)静压

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(a)静压

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(a)条件一

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Property of multiphase flow in pipeline

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
介质相态变量参数
气相介质密度/(kg⋅m-3)4.56
介质黏度/(Pa⋅s)1.503×10-5
质量流量/(kg⋅h-1)958~4 816
液相介质密度/(kg⋅m-3)680.9
介质黏度/(Pa⋅s)1.39×10-4
质量流量/(kg⋅h-1)224 155
颗粒相颗粒密度/(kg⋅m-3)1 774
颗粒粒径/μm150
颗粒浓度/%6
), ArticleFig(id=1320037685138408160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037676502336107, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

三通管内多相流介质属性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
介质相态变量参数
气相介质密度/(kg⋅m-3)4.56
介质黏度/(Pa⋅s)1.503×10-5
质量流量/(kg⋅h-1)958~4 816
液相介质密度/(kg⋅m-3)680.9
介质黏度/(Pa⋅s)1.39×10-4
质量流量/(kg⋅h-1)224 155
颗粒相颗粒密度/(kg⋅m-3)1 774
颗粒粒径/μm150
颗粒浓度/%6
), ArticleFig(id=1320037685222294241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037676502336107, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Selection patterns of three input parameters

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序号选取设计点示意颜色入口1流速/(m·s-1)入口2流速/(m·s-1)颗粒质量流量/(kg·s-1)
1黄色红色绿色1.192.920.2
23.598.771.8
35.9814.605.0
41.192.925.0
55.9814.600.2
61.1914.600.2
71.1914.605.0
85.982.920.2
95.982.925.0
10橙色2.382.920.2
112.385.840.8
124.768.771.8
133.5911.680.8
144.765.840.8
151.1914.600.2
162.3811.680.2
173.598.775.0
184.762.921.8
), ArticleFig(id=1320037685293597410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037676502336107, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

三输入参数ROM模型设计点选取

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号选取设计点示意颜色入口1流速/(m·s-1)入口2流速/(m·s-1)颗粒质量流量/(kg·s-1)
1黄色红色绿色1.192.920.2
23.598.771.8
35.9814.605.0
41.192.925.0
55.9814.600.2
61.1914.600.2
71.1914.605.0
85.982.920.2
95.982.925.0
10橙色2.382.920.2
112.385.840.8
124.768.771.8
133.5911.680.8
144.765.840.8
151.1914.600.2
162.3811.680.2
173.598.775.0
184.762.921.8
), ArticleFig(id=1320037685360706275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037676502336107, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

RMAE of ROM predictions from different mode number

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模态数RMAE(静压)RMAE(冲蚀速率)
10.0390.999
30.0370.283
50.0370.131
70.0370.062
90.0370.041
), ArticleFig(id=1320037685436203748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037676502336107, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

ROM预测结果在不同模态数下的相对均方根误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模态数RMAE(静压)RMAE(冲蚀速率)
10.0390.999
30.0370.283
50.0370.131
70.0370.062
90.0370.041
), ArticleFig(id=1320037685520089829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037676502336107, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

RMAE of ROM predictions from different design point selection patterns

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设计点选取方式RMAE(静压)RMAE(冲蚀速率)
规律0.0050.021
不规律0.1640.866
), ArticleFig(id=1320037685587198694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037676502336107, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同设计点选择方式ROM预测结果的相对平均绝对误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设计点选取方式RMAE(静压)RMAE(冲蚀速率)
规律0.0050.021
不规律0.1640.866
), ArticleFig(id=1320037685662696167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037676502336107, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

RMAE of ROMs from different design point number

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设计点数RMAE(静压)RMAE(冲蚀速率)
3个0.0430.283
5个0.0370.551
9个0.0370.297
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不同设计点数工况下ROM预测结果相对均方根误差

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设计点数RMAE(静压)RMAE(冲蚀速率)
3个0.0430.283
5个0.0370.551
9个0.0370.297
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基于降阶模型的气液固多相流管道冲蚀损伤快速仿真研究
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穆丽静 1 , 何圣煊 1, 2 , 谭晓晨 1, 3 , 张伯君 4 , 邓贵德 1 , 张冲冲 1 , 陈锡忠 5 , 刘岑凡 1
流体机械 | 应用技术 2026,54(3): 99-109
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流体机械 |应用技术 2026 , 54 (3) : 99 -109
基于降阶模型的气液固多相流管道冲蚀损伤快速仿真研究
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穆丽静(1989),女,博士,工程师,主要从事压力管道冲蚀模拟与机器学习优化技术开发工作,E-mail:。

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穆丽静1 , 何圣煊1, 2, 谭晓晨1, 3, 张伯君4, 邓贵德1, 张冲冲1, 陈锡忠5, 刘岑凡1
作者信息
  • 1中国特种设备检测研究院 国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(特种设备安全与节能),北京 100029
  • 2中国石油大学(北京) 重质油全国重点实验室,北京 102249
  • 3中国石油大学(北京) 过程流体过滤与分离技术;北京市重点实验室,北京 102249
  • 4南京市锅炉压力容器检验研究院,南京 210019
  • 5上海交通大学 化学生物协同物质创制全国重点实验室,上海 200240
通讯作者:
刘岑凡(1987),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事特种设备安全与节能相关的多相流实验与仿真工作,通信地址:100000北京市朝阳区和平街西苑2号楼,E-mail:。
作者简介:

穆丽静(1989),女,博士,工程师,主要从事压力管道冲蚀模拟与机器学习优化技术开发工作,E-mail:。

Research on fast simulation of erosion damage in gas-liquid-solid multiphase flow in tee reducing pipes based on reduced‑order models
Lijing MU1 , Shengxuan HE1, 2, Xiaochen TAN1, 3, Bojun ZHANG4, Guide DENG1, Chongchong ZHANG1, Xizhong CHEN5, Cenfan LIU1
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Special Equipment Safety and Energy‑saving,State Administration for Market Regulation,China Special Equipment Inspection & Research Institute,Beijing 100029,China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
  • 3Beijing Key Laboratory of Process Fluid Filtration and Separation,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
  • 4Nanjing Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspection Institute,Nanjing 210019,China
  • 5State Key Laboratory of Synergistic Chem⁃Bio Synthesis,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China
出版时间: 2026-03-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.03.012
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针对工业管道中常见的冲蚀减薄穿孔破坏失效问题,开展了基于POD-Kriging降阶模型的三通变径管道冲蚀损伤快速预测仿真研究。研究发现,所构建的降阶模型使数值仿真计算效率提升3个数量级,冲蚀预测精度误差控制在4%左右;规律选取设计点可显著提升预测稳定性,冲蚀速率相对平均绝对误差(RMAE)为2.1%,而不规则设计点会导致误差升至86.6%;模态数优化对复杂冲蚀特征提取至关重要,9个模态时误差降至4.1%;设计点数量需与模态数协同匹配,同步增加时可有效捕捉多参数耦合效应,使冲蚀速率预测误差从28.3%降至4.1%。该模型为压力管道冲蚀部位预测、数字检测监测和损伤防控提供重要支撑。

降阶模型  /  三通变径管道冲蚀  /  气液固多相流  /  计算流体力学

To address the common failure caused by erosion‑thinning and perforation in industrial pipelines,a rapid prediction and simulation study on erosion damage in tee reducing pipes was carried out based on the POD‑Kriging reduced‑order model.The results show that the established reduced‑order model improves the efficiency of numerical simulation by three orders of magnitude,with the prediction error of erosion damage controlled at approximately 4%.Regularly selected design points can significantly enhance prediction stability,yielding a relative mean absolute error (RMAE) of erosion rate of 2.1%,whereas irregular design points cause the error to surge to 86.6%.Optimization of the number of modes is critical for capturing complex erosion characteristics,and the error decreases to 4.1% when 9 modes are used.The number of design points should be matched coordinately with the number of modes;increasing both simultaneously enables effective capture of the multi‑parameter coupling effect,reducing the erosion rate prediction error from 28.3% to 4.1%.The proposed model provides important support for erosion location prediction,digital inspection and monitoring,as well as damage prevention and control of pressure pipelines.

reduced‑order model  /  tee reducing pipe erosion  /  gas-liquid-solid multiphase flow  /  computational fluid dynamics
穆丽静, 何圣煊, 谭晓晨, 张伯君, 邓贵德, 张冲冲, 陈锡忠, 刘岑凡. 基于降阶模型的气液固多相流管道冲蚀损伤快速仿真研究. 流体机械, 2026 , 54 (3) : 99 -109 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.03.012
Lijing MU, Shengxuan HE, Xiaochen TAN, Bojun ZHANG, Guide DENG, Chongchong ZHANG, Xizhong CHEN, Cenfan LIU. Research on fast simulation of erosion damage in gas-liquid-solid multiphase flow in tee reducing pipes based on reduced‑order models[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2026 , 54 (3) : 99 -109 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.03.012
工业管道作为煤化工、石化及其他化工领域等工业生产中的重要输运设备,其安全运行直接关系到整个工业生产系统的正常稳定运转[1-2]。管道内复杂的多相流介质环境引发的冲蚀失效,一直以来都是威胁工业安全生产的重大隐患之一[3-7]。
随着计算技术的发展,计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)模拟方法逐渐成为研究管道冲蚀现象的重要方式[8],其通过模拟管道内多相流的流动状态,以及颗粒与管道壁面间碰撞,从而得到管道冲蚀分布,预测冲蚀易发生位置和冲蚀速率[9]。但CFD模拟由于计算周期长、计算成本高,在解决工业规模问题时仍存在局限性。为了解决这一问题,降阶模型(ROM)作为可以实现多参数工况快速预测的机器学习方法,已被广泛应用于航空、核电及热能等工业领域[10-12]。在以上领域中,降阶模型在提升计算效率方面表现优异,然而,对于将降阶模型与管道冲蚀损伤预测相结合方面的研究仍相对欠缺。
因此,研究将采用基于POD-Kriging算法的降阶模型方法,针对三通变径管道的流场和冲蚀损伤,开展快速仿真预测研究。首先,通过与传统CFD仿真结果进行对比,验证了冲蚀降阶预测结果的可行性,并开展了设计点选取和模态数优化对降阶预测结果精度的影响分析;最终,对冲蚀降阶预测结果的准确性进行了验证。研究在保证预测精度的前提下,将计算效率提升了3个数量级,为复杂管道冲蚀现象的实时监测与安全评估提供了一种高效解决方案。
采用CFD与离散单元法(discrete element method,DEM)耦合的方法描述气液固三相流动,其中,气液两相作为连续相,颗粒相作为离散相。连续相满足质量与动量守恒方程,颗粒相运动遵循牛顿第二定律,连续相-颗粒相间通过曳力项耦合。具体控制方程可参考文献[13-14],此处不再赘述。
多相流介质在管道输运过程中,颗粒-颗粒、颗粒-壁面间会发生碰撞,从而导致管道冲蚀现象,颗粒运动轨迹和冲击能量的改变,影响冲蚀速率。基于此,Oka冲蚀模型[15]考虑了颗粒的反弹和破碎等因素,引入了与颗粒浓度比相关的函数,能够较好地描述高浓度颗粒情况下颗粒之间的相互作用,以及颗粒与壁面多次碰撞对冲蚀的影响[16]。
Oka模型的计算公式如下:
E(θ)=sinθn11+Hv1-sinθn2E90
E90=65Hv-0.12vpv*kdpd*0.19
式中,E(θ)为冲击角为θ时的冲蚀损伤;E90为冲击角为90°时的冲蚀损伤;Hv是管道材料的维氏硬度;vp,v∗分别为颗粒冲击速度和参考冲击速度;dp,d∗分别为颗粒直径和参考直径。
采用一种基于POD-Kriging的降阶模型,通过机器学习方法实现模型降阶与简化,其算法流程见图1。
利用本征正交分解(proper orthogonal decomposition,POD)方法,提取气固液多相流复杂模型物理场关键信息,结合Kriging算法构建低阶替代模型。Kriging方法是指每个实现值(奇异值分解值)都表示为一组趋势函数和残差组合的插值方法,并被用于在整个参数空间上对降阶系数进行插值,其具体公式如下所述:
Xv1,v2,⋯,vn=u1,u2,...,unσ1⋯0⋮⋱⋮0⋯σnv1T⋮vnT=U∑VT
式中,X为原始数据矩阵;U=u1,u2,...,un为左奇异向量矩阵,其中ui表示数据集X的第i阶模态;Σ=diag(σ1,σ2,...,σn)为奇异值对角矩阵,σi为第i个奇异值;V=[v1,v2,...,vn]为右奇异向量矩阵,vi为第i个右奇异向量。
在基函数ϕ={ϕ1,ϕ2,⋯,ϕn}基础上,得到与x相关的POD系数α(x)={α1(x),α2(x),⋯,αn(x)},并与每个新设计点对应,即:
αx=μx+zx
式中,µ(x)为低阶多项式回归趋势函数模型;zx残差由高斯过程建模得到。
POD提取模型的关键信息,需收集不同颗粒速度和浓度等工况下的冲蚀数据,包括冲蚀速率、速度场和压力场等信息。设计点作为不同工况参数空间中的样本点,通过特定参数组合定义原始复杂模型的工况配置。在训练阶段,基于合理选取的设计点集求解高保真模型,其结果构成ROM的基础数据集,用于捕捉系统在多工况下的行为特征;在预测阶段,ROM模型将通过映射关系,快速输出目标工况的预测结果。设计点的选取策略将直接决定ROM的工况覆盖范围与预测精度——优化的设计点分布和数量可在保证计算精度的前提下,显著降低计算成本。
模态作为ROM中通过奇异值分解等方法提取的特征模态,其物理意义为近似原始系统动态所需的有效基函数。模型构建时通常依据能量截断准则或误差分析确定模态数,使系统响应表示为模态的线性组合。模态数的选取需平衡精度与效率:模态过多会增加计算复杂度,丧失降阶优势;过少则可能遗漏关键动力学特征,导致预测偏差。因此,需通过模型验证确定临界模态数,确保ROM在保证精度条件下实现高效计算。
模拟的三通变径管道模型如图2所示,管道模型由主管(包含变径管的直管)和支管(90°弯管)两部分构成,其中,主管入口1和出口管道内径D1为125 mm,支管入口2管道内径D2为80 mm。该模型及其几何尺寸均来自南京某煤化工企业(以下简称“企业”)连接碳洗塔到高压闪蒸罐的部分管段。根据现场经验,此管段曾多次发生冲蚀减薄损伤现象,其中,以管线相交处和变径处的冲蚀损伤现象尤为显著。
管道内介质为煤化工气液固三相黑水,气液两相流体携带煤粉颗粒从两个入口同时进入,流经变径管段和弯头,从出口流出该管道系统。研究参照高乾峰[17]的黑水介质物性参数,对管道流场和冲蚀进行CFD数值仿真。其中,气相密度为4.56 kg/m³,液相密度为680.9 kg/m³,颗粒粒径为150 μm,详细的多相流黑水介质属性如表1所示。
采用SpaceClaim建立三通变径管道三维几何模型,并在Fluent Meshing中生成结构化与局部加密相结合的网格,以兼顾计算精度与效率。通过网格无关性分析确定网格数量,当网格数量达到400 000后,管道内压力分布及冲蚀预测结果基本稳定,因此,选取该网格规模开展后续数值模拟计算。
研究采用ANSYS Fluent进行管道冲蚀CFD稳态计算。入口边界条件为速度入口,出口边界条件为压力出口,冲蚀模型选用Oka模型,动量项的离散格式为一阶迎风,湍动能的离散形式为二阶迎风。图3示出冲蚀速率分布云图,从图可以看出,主要冲蚀区域分布在管道的变径处和三通管的交汇区域,由图中圆形放大区域重点展示冲蚀细节,并围绕易发生冲蚀部位设置了12个监测点。
无线测厚仪布置在图3所示测点12对应区域,并对该位置管道壁厚进行多时刻连续监测。基于监测周期内壁厚随时间的变化情况,采用壁厚减薄量与对应时间间隔计算该测点处的平均减薄速率,并以此表征该区域的冲蚀速率。计算结果结果表明,测点12区域的平均冲蚀速率为0.19 mm/a。
以测点12对应的区域面积为基准,通过CFD模拟计算得到此区域的冲蚀速率为0.23 mm/a,模拟结果的相对误差约为21%,处于合理范围之内。研究采用的Oka模型已在此前的研究成果[16]中完成系统验证,验证结果表明该模型具备良好的适用性;结合研究中冲蚀高发区域的分布规律与企业实际工况的一致性,进一步证实了本次CFD模拟参数设置的合理性。
此外,在前期研究工作中[4],已将ROM预测结果与企业实测数据进行了系统对比,如图4所示,验证了ROM在复杂管道冲蚀快速预测中的准确性与稳定性,从而进一步佐证了所采用的数值模拟与降阶预测方法的可靠性。
研究采用Workbench中的ROM模块,耦合管道冲蚀CFD数值仿真,开展冲蚀降阶模型快速预测研究。ROM模型的输出参数方面,研究选取冲蚀速率来表征管道的冲蚀现象,以及静压来表征多相流的流体动力学特征;输入参数方面,由于入口流体速度和颗粒质量流量对冲蚀有显著影响[17],因此,将三通管的2个入口流体速度分别设置为ROM模型的2个输入参数,将颗粒总质量流量设置为第3个输入参数,并对3个输入参数的取值区间进行了界定,其中,主管入口流体速度取值区间为1.19~5.98 m/s,支管入口流体速度取值区间为2.92~14.6 m/s,颗粒质量流量由入口流量和颗粒浓度共同影响,其取值区间为0.2~5.0 kg/s。
ROM模型的设计点选取如图5所示,在3个输入参数的取值区间内分别均匀选取5个节点,共125个可选节点,每个节点代表一个特定设计点选项。
为进一步研究不同设计点选取方式对降阶预测结果的影响,通过对选取的设计点进行不同颜色标注,来区分三组规律选取设计点选取方式(绿色、红色、黄色)和一组随机选取设计点选取方式(橙色),具体选取方式和数据如图6和表2所示。
图7示出管道模型中易发生冲蚀区域的静压和冲蚀速率的ROM预测结果与CFD仿真结果的云图对比。由图可见,静压和冲蚀速率分布的ROM预测结果均与CFD仿真结果接近,因此,在计算精度方面,管道冲蚀的ROM预测结果得到了验证。
在计算效率方面,针对三通管模型,CFD传统仿真时间为18 219 s,而ROM模型在完成训练(训练时间为17 220 s)后的预测时间为9 s,计算效率提升了3个数量级,实现了静压和冲蚀速率的准实时预测。为了进一步提升ROM预测精度,后续将对设计点和模态对ROM预测结果的影响展开研究。
在完成了对ROM预测结果准确性和可行性研究之后,接下来将分别针对不同模态数、设计点选取方式及设计点数对管道易发生冲蚀区域的静压和冲蚀速率ROM预测结果的影响规律开展进一步研究。
在规律选取9个设计点的前提下,图8示出5组不同模态数条件下的ROM预测结果与CFD仿真结果的对比情况,其中,左图横坐标对应的是图3中1-7监测点,右图横坐标对应的是图3中8-12监测点。结果显示,随着模态数增加,ROM冲蚀速率预测结果与CFD仿真结果偏差逐渐减小,ROM静压预测结果则变化不大。因此,在设计点不变的情况下改变模态数会对ROM预测精度产生显著影响。
为了进一步分析模态数和设计点对ROM模型预测准确性的影响,采用了相对平均绝对误差RMAE方法,其计算公式如下:
RMAE=1n∑i=1nyiobs-yitrue/1n∑i=1nyitrue
Precision=1-RMAE
式中,n为观测值的数量;yiobs为第i个观测值;yitrue为第i个真实值;Precision为模型预测的精确度。
RMAE越接近0,表示ROM模型预测结果与CFD仿真结果越接近,即ROM模型结果精度越高;反之,较大RMAE表示模型的预测效果较差。
不同模态数条件下的ROM预测结果的相对均方根误差如表3所示,与其相对应的ROM预测精确度如图9所示。结果表明,模态数的改变对静压场的ROM预测精度变化不大,而冲蚀速率的ROM预测精度则随着模态数增加而提高。模态数的变化并不会显著影响ROM的训练时长,因此后续建议模态数的选取与设计点数保持一致,以提高ROM预测结果的精确度。后续将进一步研究在改变设计点的条件下此结论是否仍然适用。
设计点作为获取模型多工况行为特征的关键参数,采用了设计点规律选取和随机选取两种方式,研究不同设计点选取方式对静压和冲蚀速率ROM预测结果的影响。其中,设计点规律选取对应的是图6和表2中的绿色(3个设计点)、红色(5个设计点)、黄色(9个设计点)等3种选取情况,随机选取对应的是图6和表2中的橙色(9个设计点)。ROM预测和CFD仿真结果的对比如图10所示。结果表明,相较于随机选取设计点,在规律选取设计点条件下的静压和冲蚀速率ROM预测结果均与CFD仿真结果更接近。
ROM预测结果在不同设计点选取方式条件下的相对平均绝对误差如表4所示,结果表明,在随机选取设计点条件下的静压和冲蚀速率ROM预测结果的误差均明显高于规律选取设计点条件,因此,研究后续将采用规律设计点选取方式。
接下来,在进一步改变设计点数的条件下,对静压和冲蚀速率ROM预测结果和CFD仿真结果进行对比,如图11所示。其中,不同设计点数选取的具体情况见表2。结果表明,在监测点1~7的静压ROM预测结果随设计点数的增加愈发趋近于CFD模拟结果。这一现象表明,增加设计点的数量能够显著提高静压的预测准确性。然而,相比于在监测点8~12的冲蚀速率ROM预测结果,其在监测点1~7的预测结果并未随设计点数量的改变呈现出明显的改善趋势。这一结果表明了冲蚀速率ROM预测的复杂性,以及需同时考虑设计点和模态数对ROM预测结果精确度影响的必要性。
表5列出3组不同设计点数工况下的ROM预测结果的相对平均绝对误差,结果表明,随着设计点数改变,静压ROM预测结果的误差变化不大;而冲蚀速率ROM预测结果在3个设计点条件下的误差最小,设计点继续增加反而会降低冲蚀速率ROM预测结果精确度。这是由于在3个模态数的约束条件下,多设计点(如5个设计点、9个设计点)条件下模型的多工况行为特征无法被完整表征。
综上所述,分析设计点数量与模态数的耦合影响可发现,二者需协同匹配以保证ROM预测精度。当设计点数量与模态数同步增加时,模型可更充分捕捉多参数耦合效应,使冲蚀速率预测误差由28.3%显著降低至4.1%。相反,在低模态数约束下盲目增加设计点数量,反而会导致特征提取不足,从而降低预测精度。结果表明,合理匹配设计点数量与模态数,是兼顾预测精度与计算效率的关键。
下面将在9个规律设计点和9个模态数条件下,对比相同工况下的CFD仿真结果与ROM预测结果,来验证ROM预测结果的准确性。3组入口速度和颗粒质量通量工况分别为:
(1)条件一,主管入口速度为2.299 m/s,支管入口速度为4.598 m/s,颗粒质量通量为1 kg/s;
(2)条件二,主管入口速度为3.218 m/s,支管入口速度为6.437 m/s,颗粒质量通量为1.4 kg/s;
(3)条件三,主管入口速度为5.057 m/s,支管入口速度为10.115 m/s,颗粒质量通量为2.2 kg/s。
3组不同操作工况条件下的冲蚀速率CFD和ROM预测结果对比如图12所示。
从图可以看出,冲蚀速率的CFD仿真和ROM预测结果均分布表现出相似趋势。进一步验证了设计点和模态数的选取应覆盖参数边界与中心区域。冲蚀速率ROM预测结果的相对平均绝对误差(RMAE)控制在10%以下,计算效率较CFD提升约3个数量级,ROM快速预测的准确性得到验证。该模型的不足之处是在高流速梯度区和复杂几何(如支管弯段)场景下存在局限性,因此,在工程应用中需结合局部流场修正策略以提升特殊条件下的预测精度。
(1)基于POD-Kriging算法构建的压力管道冲蚀降阶模型,通过对算法的设计点选取策略与模态数优化,数值仿真计算效率提升3个数量级,计算精度误差控制在4%左右;最终实现了三通变径管道内气液固多相流复杂介质流场和冲蚀损伤的准实时高精度预测。此外,该模型未来可适用于弯管、变径管等简单管道结构,以及气固、液固等两相流介质场景。
(2)设计点规律性对预测精度影响显著。设计点规律选取(如均匀覆盖参数空间边界与中心区域)可大幅提升预测稳定性,其压力与冲蚀速率的RMAE分别低至0.5%与2.1%;而不规则设计点会导致误差激增(RMAE最高达86.6%),表明规律设计点选取方式是保证模型精度的关键前提。
(3)模态数直接影响冲蚀预测精度。随模态数增加(1~9),冲蚀速率RMAE从99.9%逐步降至4.1%,其中,前5个模态对精度提升贡献最显著(误差从28.3%降至6.2%),后续模态影响趋缓;而静压场预测精度受模态数影响较小(误差稳定在3.7%左右),表明模态数优化对复杂冲蚀特征的提取尤为重要。
(4)设计点数量需与模态数匹配。当设计点数量从3增加至9时,若模态数同步增加,冲蚀速率预测误差将从28.3%降至4.1%,说明确定的设计点数结合对应模态数可有效捕捉多参数耦合效应;但固定低模态数(如3个)时,增加设计点数量反而导致精度下降,证明设计点和模态数需协同考虑。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.03.012
  • 接收时间:2025-10-21
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-21
  • 修回日期:2026-01-14
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    1中国特种设备检测研究院 国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(特种设备安全与节能),北京 100029
    2中国石油大学(北京) 重质油全国重点实验室,北京 102249
    3中国石油大学(北京) 过程流体过滤与分离技术;北京市重点实验室,北京 102249
    4南京市锅炉压力容器检验研究院,南京 210019
    5上海交通大学 化学生物协同物质创制全国重点实验室,上海 200240

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刘岑凡(1987),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事特种设备安全与节能相关的多相流实验与仿真工作,通信地址:100000北京市朝阳区和平街西苑2号楼,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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