Article(id=1319294757361267015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1319294714340291556, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.11.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751385600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-02, revisedDate=1760457600000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792473981466, onlineDateStr=2026-10-20, pubDate=1764432000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792473981466, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792473981466, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792473981466, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319294714340291556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2025', volume='53', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='106', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764432000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792473971208, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792473971208, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=58, endPage=67, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319294758862827848, articleId=1319294757361267015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Study on influence of geometric parameters on thermal‑hydraulic performance of pillow‑plate, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the influence of geometric parameters on the thermal‑hydraulic performance of pillow‑plate heat exchangers (PPHE),numerical simulation method was used to systematically analyze the flow and heat transfer characteristics under different structural parameters.The structural configurations in existing research are relatively limited;therefore,taking pillow plates with equidistant weld spot arrangement ST=2SL=62 mm,hi=6 mm,Dsp=10 mm as the reference condition,within the Reynolds number range Re=1 000~8 000,the effects of weld spot pattern and other geometric parameter variations on heat transfer performance were mainly investigated.The results show that as the transverse pitch ST increases,both Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor decrease;increasing the longitudinal pitch 2SL causes the Nu to first increase then decrease,while the friction factor continuously rises;increasing the channel height hi leads to a decrease in Nu but an increase in friction factor,thus causing the overall performance to decrease with increasing hi;increasing the weld spot diameter Dsp enhances disturbance,resulting in improvements in Nu,friction factor,and overall performance.Under low Re conditions,the equidistant weld spot pattern (ST=2SL=62 mm) demonstrates better overall performance;while at high Re,the transverse weld spot pattern performs better than the equidistant and longitudinal patterns.In summary,reducing hi,increasing Dsp,adopting equidistant weld spot arrangement at low Re,and using transverse weld spot arrangement at high Re can help improve the overall performance of pillow‑plate heat exchangers.The research results can provide theoretical basis for the structural design and performance optimization of PPHEs.

, authors=Qiushuang ZHANG, Yongdong CHEN, Bingchuan HAN, Xiaohong WU, Yongchao YAN, Xiaogen LIU, Gaige YU, Yuchen ZHANG, authorsList=Qiushuang ZHANG, Yongdong CHEN, Bingchuan HAN, Xiaohong WU, Yongchao YAN, Xiaogen LIU, Gaige YU, Yuchen ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319294763921158509, articleId=1319294757361267015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=几何参数对枕型板热工水力性能的影响研究, columnId=1317484287230853622, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=设计计算, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究枕型板换热器(PPHE)几何参数对其热工水力性能的影响规律,采用数值模拟法系统分析了不同结构参数下的流动与换热特性。现有研究中的结构型式较为单一,为此,以等距焊点布置ST=2SL=62 mm,hi=6 mm,Dsp=10 mm的枕型板为参考工况,在雷诺数Re=1 000~8 000范围内,重点考察焊点模式及其他几何参数变化对换热性能的影响。结果表明:随着横向节距ST增大,努塞尔数(Nu)与摩擦系数均减小;纵向节距2SL增大使Nu先增后减,摩擦系数持续上升;通道高度hi增大导致Nu下降而摩擦系数上升,从而使综合性能随hi增加而降低;焊点直径Dsp增大则因扰动增强,使得Nu、摩擦系数及综合性能均提升。在低Re条件下,等距焊点模式(ST=2SL=62 mm)表现出更优的综合性能;而在高Re时,横向焊点模式的性能优于等距与纵向模式。综上,降低hi、增大Dsp、在低Re时采用等距焊点布置、高Re时采用横向焊点布置,有助于提升枕型板换热器的综合性能。研究结果可为PPHE的结构设计与性能优化提供理论依据。

, authors=张秋双, 陈永东, 韩冰川, 吴晓红, 闫永超, 刘孝根, 于改革, 张雨晨, authorsList=张秋双, 陈永东, 韩冰川, 吴晓红, 闫永超, 刘孝根, 于改革, 张雨晨, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

张秋双(1994),女,硕士,工程师,主要从事传热与流动等方面的研究,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市蜀山区长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=cr+19yMUWR+DiQL1jc62Yg==, magXml=xhY42sHQg/YbBXIw7iauKg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=YqonnaJ/BNic3uCHaJvNqg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=tu3Qx4lGp1P0WMWapbJRaQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1319294764244119922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319294757361267015, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1220635053@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319294764336394612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319294757361267015, authorId=1319294764244119922, language=EN, stringName=Qiushuang ZHANG, firstName=Qiushuang, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319294764411892085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319294757361267015, authorId=1319294764244119922, language=CN, stringName=张秋双, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,合肥 230031, bio={"content":"

张秋双(1994),女,硕士,工程师,主要从事传热与流动等方面的研究,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市蜀山区长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,E-mail:。

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张秋双(1994),女,硕士,工程师,主要从事传热与流动等方面的研究,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市蜀山区长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,E-mail:。

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几何参数对枕型板热工水力性能的影响研究
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张秋双 , 陈永东 , 韩冰川 , 吴晓红 , 闫永超 , 刘孝根 , 于改革 , 张雨晨
流体机械 | 设计计算 2025,53(11): 58-67
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流体机械 |设计计算 2025 , 53 (11) : 58 -67
几何参数对枕型板热工水力性能的影响研究
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张秋双(1994),女,硕士,工程师,主要从事传热与流动等方面的研究,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市蜀山区长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,E-mail:。

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张秋双(1994),女,硕士,工程师,主要从事传热与流动等方面的研究,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市蜀山区长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,E-mail:。

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张秋双 , 陈永东, 韩冰川, 吴晓红, 闫永超, 刘孝根, 于改革, 张雨晨
作者信息
  • 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,合肥 230031
作者简介:

张秋双(1994),女,硕士,工程师,主要从事传热与流动等方面的研究,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市蜀山区长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,E-mail:。

Study on influence of geometric parameters on thermal‑hydraulic performance of pillow‑plate
Qiushuang ZHANG , Yongdong CHEN, Bingchuan HAN, Xiaohong WU, Yongchao YAN, Xiaogen LIU, Gaige YU, Yuchen ZHANG
Affiliations
  • Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China
出版时间: 2025-11-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.11.008
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为探究枕型板换热器(PPHE)几何参数对其热工水力性能的影响规律,采用数值模拟法系统分析了不同结构参数下的流动与换热特性。现有研究中的结构型式较为单一,为此,以等距焊点布置ST=2SL=62 mm,hi=6 mm,Dsp=10 mm的枕型板为参考工况,在雷诺数Re=1 000~8 000范围内,重点考察焊点模式及其他几何参数变化对换热性能的影响。结果表明:随着横向节距ST增大,努塞尔数(Nu)与摩擦系数均减小;纵向节距2SL增大使Nu先增后减,摩擦系数持续上升;通道高度hi增大导致Nu下降而摩擦系数上升,从而使综合性能随hi增加而降低;焊点直径Dsp增大则因扰动增强,使得Nu、摩擦系数及综合性能均提升。在低Re条件下,等距焊点模式(ST=2SL=62 mm)表现出更优的综合性能;而在高Re时,横向焊点模式的性能优于等距与纵向模式。综上,降低hi、增大Dsp、在低Re时采用等距焊点布置、高Re时采用横向焊点布置,有助于提升枕型板换热器的综合性能。研究结果可为PPHE的结构设计与性能优化提供理论依据。

枕型板换热器(PPHE)  /  热工水力性能  /  数值模拟

To investigate the influence of geometric parameters on the thermal‑hydraulic performance of pillow‑plate heat exchangers (PPHE),numerical simulation method was used to systematically analyze the flow and heat transfer characteristics under different structural parameters.The structural configurations in existing research are relatively limited;therefore,taking pillow plates with equidistant weld spot arrangement ST=2SL=62 mm,hi=6 mm,Dsp=10 mm as the reference condition,within the Reynolds number range Re=1 000~8 000,the effects of weld spot pattern and other geometric parameter variations on heat transfer performance were mainly investigated.The results show that as the transverse pitch ST increases,both Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor decrease;increasing the longitudinal pitch 2SL causes the Nu to first increase then decrease,while the friction factor continuously rises;increasing the channel height hi leads to a decrease in Nu but an increase in friction factor,thus causing the overall performance to decrease with increasing hi;increasing the weld spot diameter Dsp enhances disturbance,resulting in improvements in Nu,friction factor,and overall performance.Under low Re conditions,the equidistant weld spot pattern (ST=2SL=62 mm) demonstrates better overall performance;while at high Re,the transverse weld spot pattern performs better than the equidistant and longitudinal patterns.In summary,reducing hi,increasing Dsp,adopting equidistant weld spot arrangement at low Re,and using transverse weld spot arrangement at high Re can help improve the overall performance of pillow‑plate heat exchangers.The research results can provide theoretical basis for the structural design and performance optimization of PPHEs.

pillow‑plate heat exchanger (PPHE)  /  thermal‑hydraulic performance  /  numerical simulation
张秋双, 陈永东, 韩冰川, 吴晓红, 闫永超, 刘孝根, 于改革, 张雨晨. 几何参数对枕型板热工水力性能的影响研究. 流体机械, 2025 , 53 (11) : 58 -67 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.11.008
Qiushuang ZHANG, Yongdong CHEN, Bingchuan HAN, Xiaohong WU, Yongchao YAN, Xiaogen LIU, Gaige YU, Yuchen ZHANG. Study on influence of geometric parameters on thermal‑hydraulic performance of pillow‑plate[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2025 , 53 (11) : 58 -67 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.11.008
枕型板是一种外形类似枕头的换热板片,其制造过程主要包括以下步骤:首先,将两片金属板叠合,在板片四周及内部焊点外围采用激光焊接,形成密封性能良好的整体结构;随后,利用带压流体向两板之间充压,使板片发生塑性变形,从而在双板之间形成用于流体流通的内部通道。枕型板具备独特的三维波浪形换热表面,焊点与通道波纹共同作用可有效促进流体湍流,强化传热效果。此外,枕型板采用全焊接密封结构,具有稳定性高、结构紧凑与重量轻等优势。以枕型板作为核心换热元件的枕型板换热器(pillow‑plate heat exchanger,PPHE),在污水能量回收、废气余热利用、粉体流换热及反应器冷却等工业领域受到广泛关注。因此,深入研究PPHE的热工水力性能,对其在工业领域的推广应用具有重要意义。
复杂多变的几何结构为枕型板的热工水力性能研究带来挑战。已有学者针对特定几何参数范围内枕型板的传热与流动特性展开研究,PIPER等[1]和ARSENYEVA等[2-3]通过试验与数值方法,研究了不同几何参数下的压力损失和传热特性,提出了适用于PPHE的传热与流动关联式;KUMAR等[4]通过灵敏度分析,量化了几何参数和雷诺数对枕型板通道热工性能的影响;TURKI等[5]采用两相模型,研究了层流状态下PPHE中AL2O3-水纳米流体的传热与流动特性,并分析了3种焊点模式对热工性能的影响;ZIBART等[6]对特定结构参数(ST=42 mm,2SL=72 mm,hi=7 mm,Dsp=12 mm)的PPHE进行了共轭传热模拟,修正了热阻的拟合函数;NOROUZI等[7]研究了焊点横向布置(ST=72 mm,2SL=42 mm)和纵向布置(ST=42 mm,2SL=72 mm),以及通道高度、焊点直径等几何参数对通道摩擦熵产、热熵产和总熵产的影响;GHASEMI等[8]开发考虑热-流耦合的三维PPHE模型,针对特定几何结构开展数值研究,揭示压降与熵产的变化规律;王珂等[9]探究了波纹倾角的变化对高温板式换热器冷侧流道的流体流动、传热特性的影响;KARIMI[10]采用两相混合模型,以氧化铝-水为工质,通过数值模拟研究了几何特性对PPHE内纳米流体流动与传热的影响;文献[11-13]基于25种dh/XL的PPHE结构设计,探究了不同横向长度下,采用交错圆形焊点配置时的传热与流动特性,分析了圆形焊点排列方式对性能的增强效果;TIAN等[14]研究了含多孔介质条件下PPHE(SL=42 mm,ST=36 mm,R=5 mm,δ=3.4 mm)中纳米流体流动的熵分析及混合对流现象;文献[15-16]通过数值模拟结合两阶段优化的人工神经网络算法,显著提升了对热工水力特性的预测能力,并提出适用于内外通道的修正Dittus-Boelter公式;WANG等[17]采用三维响应面方法与NSGA-II优化算法,分析了不同结构参数对PPHE流动与传热的影响;YE等[18]对比了3种圆形焊点与3种非圆形焊点PPHE模型的传热与流动阻力特性,通过共轭对流换热模拟揭示了PPHE中存在的附加热阻现象。
还有学者针对PPHE的性能优化开展了深入研究。PIPER等[19]提出一种基于原始波浪表面的二次凹窝结构表面改性方法,有效提升了PPHE的传热性能;TONG等[20]提出基于RZ参数化的两阶段热工水力优化方法,发现减小焊点节距比与直径有助于增强整体换热效果;CUAN等[21]通过两相数值建模,评估3种纳米流体在特定结构参数(ST=40 mm,SL=72 mm,Dsp=10 mm,δi=2.8 mm)PPHE中的流动与传热特性,揭示了纳米流体对PPHE热性能的增强作用;YAO等[22]采用椭圆形焊缝的PPHE结构,对通道中超临界二氧化碳的流动与传热行为进行了分析与优化;GHASEMI等[23]在试验规模PPHE(SL=72 mm,ST=42 mm,SD=12 mm,SP=13 mm,H=22 mm)上开展共轭传热模拟,发现添加微胶囊相变材料浆液可显著提升其综合性能;ROUEINTAN等[24]研究了波浪形板片结合纳米流体对PPHE(ST=42 mm,2ST=72 mm,D=10 mm)传热与流动特性的增强效果。
现有关于PPHE的研究多聚焦于特定几何结构,虽有个别文献探讨了参数变化对性能的影响,但其结构类型较为单一,未能清晰揭示几何参数(尤其是焊点布置模式)对热工水力性能的作用机制。为此,本文采用数值模拟方法,系统研究包括焊点模式在内的关键几何参数对枕型板内部流道性能的影响规律,以期为PPHE的结构设计与优化提供有效理论依据。
为精确构建枕型板的三维几何模型,采用数值模拟方法重现其压力成型过程:在焊点位置施加固定约束,于板片一侧施加均匀压力载荷,直至其最大通道高度达到预设值。板片变形结果如图1(a)所示。对压力成型后的板片进行逆向建模,获得如图1(b)所示的流体通道。其中,两块板片之间形成PPHE的内部流道,相邻双板之间则构成外部流道。决定枕型板内部流道几何特征的关键参数包括横向节距ST、纵向节距2SL、焊点直径Dsp和最大通道高度hi。
为了验证几何模型的准确性,制造参数为ST=38 mm,2SL=65 mm,hi=7 mm,Dsp=12 mm的枕型板(板片材料为S30408),实物如图2所示。将枕型板沿焊点中心线切割,并测量切割平面(x=0)上的轮廓变形量,结果如图3所示。测量值与模拟结果之间的偏差小于5%,验证了该建模方法的有效性。
为减小计算量,利用模型的对称性,将内部流道计算域简化为一个1/4流道单元(0.5ST×2SL×0.5hi),设置对称边界条件x=0,x=0.5ST,z=0;设置无滑移壁面u=0,壁面温度为恒定Tw=55 ℃;假设流动充分发展,将流道入口和出口设为周期性边界条件,流体入口温度为25 ℃。枕型板内部流道计算域如图4所示。
以水为工质,假设其物性恒定,将流动视为三维、单相、不可压缩、稳态湍流过程,采用质量、动量及能量守恒方程进行描述,控制方程如下:
∂ui∂xi=0
ρuj∂ui∂xj=-∂P∂xi+∂∂xj[μ(∂ui∂xj+∂uj∂xi)-ρui'uj'¯]
ρuj∂T∂xj=∂∂xj(λCP∂T∂xi-ρT'uj'¯)
式中,ρ为流体密度;u为速度;μ为动力黏度;λ为导热系数;CP为比热容;T为温度。
数值模拟选用k-ω SST模型与coupled算法。为实现高精度数值解,对所有控制方程进行迭代求解,直至能量方程的归一化均方根残差小于10-8。
为评估枕型板内部流道的热工水力性能,引入以下过程参数:
dh=4vi /Ai
Re=umdh /ν
式中,dh为流道的水力直径,m;vi为流道体积,m3;Ai为流道湿周面积,m2;Re为流道的平均雷诺数;um为流道内的平均流速,m/s;ν为流体的运动黏度,m2/s。
hm=qmTw-Tm
Nu=hmdh /λ
式中,hm为流体与壁面的平均传热系数,W/m⋅K;qm为通过壁面的平均热流密度,W/m2;Tw为壁面温度,℃;Tm为流道内流体的平均温度,℃;Nu为平均努塞尔数;λ为流体的导热系数,W/m⋅K。
通过达西-韦斯巴赫公式计算流体流动时的摩擦阻力系数f:
f=2dhΔPρum2(2SL)
式中,ΔP为每个长度单元的压降,Pa;ρ为流体密度,kg/m3。
引入性能系数η评估换热元件的综合性能[5],η>1表示换热元件的综合性能优于参考状态,η<1表示相比参考状态,换热元件的综合性能变差。η计算式如下:
η=(NuNu0)(f0f)1/3
式中,Nu0,f0为基准换热元件的热工水力性能的无量纲数。
为保证数值模拟结果不受网格数量的影响,对规格为ST=42 mm,2SL=72 mm,hi=5 mm,Dsp=10 mm的枕型通道开展网格无关性验证。当Re=4 000时,计算了不同网格单元数对应的努塞尔数(Nu),结果如图5所示。当网格数达到3×105时,Nu随网格进一步加密的变化可忽略不计。因此,最终采用约4.5×105的网格数量进行后续数值模拟。
为验证所建立的传热与流动数值模型的有效性,选取参数为ST=72 mm,2SL=72 mm,hi=6 mm,Dsp=10 mm的枕型板作为验证对象,在雷诺数1 000~8 000范围内,将数值模拟结果与PIPER等[1]的试验数据进行了对比。结果如图6所示。
从图可见,Nu的相对偏差介于-5%~5%之间,f的相对偏差在-20%~0%之间。数值模拟中,板片变形过程受均匀载荷作用,且未考虑实际制造中的边缘效应,导致模拟获得的通道几何形态较实际成型更为理想,这是摩擦因子模拟值系统性偏低的主要原因。该偏差有待后续模型进一步完善,但基于当前Nu预测的良好一致性,仍采用该数值模型开展后续性能研究。
为探究几何参数对枕型板内部流道传热与流动性能的影响,选取以下常用参数范围的枕型板作为研究对象:横向节距ST=42~82 mm,纵向节距2SL=42~82 mm,最大通道高度hi=4~8 mm,焊点直径Dsp=6~14 mm。以等距焊点模式(ST=2SL=62 mm,hi=6 mm,Dsp=10 mm)为基准工况,系统研究雷诺数Re=1 000~8 000范围内,几何参数(尤其是不同焊点模式)对换热器综合性能的影响。所研究的焊点模式包括横向模式横向模式(ST>2SL)、纵向模式(ST<2SL)和等距模式(ST=2SL)。
在2SL=62 mm,hi=6 mm,Dsp=10 mm的条件下,研究横向节距ST(42,52,62,72,82 mm)对枕型板内部流道传热与流动性能的影响。ST对Nu和f的影响如图7所示。随着ST的增大,Nu和f均呈现下降趋势。当ST从42 mm增至82 mm,Re为1 000,2 000,3 000,4 000,5 000,6 000,7 000,8 000时,Nu分别降低了42.8%,39.5%,36.0%,32.0%,32.0%,32.5%,32.1%,31.7%,f分别降低了62.8%,70.6%,73.9%,74.9%,75.6%,76.2%,76.8%和77.4%。
图8示出焊点横向节距ST对枕型板性能系数η的影响规律。以等距模式(ST=62 mm,2SL=62 mm,hi=6 mm,Dsp=10 mm)为参考工况,当ST为42,52 mm时,焊点呈纵向布置模式,其性能系数η在整个雷诺数范围内均低于等距模式;当ST为72,82 mm时,焊点转为横向布置模式,此时,η在低雷诺数下为三者中最低,但随着雷诺数增大,η逐渐上升并最终超越纵向模式与等距模式。
由图9中枕型板内部流场可见,流体流经焊点时发生流动分离,形成“主流区”与“再循环区”2个典型区域。主流区位于焊点之间,作为核心流动路径主导传热过程;再循环区则分布于焊点尾迹区,为低速低压的旋涡区,对传热具有抑制作用。
图10示出不同横向节距ST下枕型板内部流线。可以看出,ST越小,流道越窄,主流区流体的波浪形流动特征越显著;随着ST增大,焊点间流动趋于线性,其对流体的扰动作用减弱。较小的ST下,焊点诱导的二次流强化了传热,同时也增大了流动阻力;而随着ST增大,主流区面积扩大,焊点扰动减弱,近似线性的流动使二次流难以有效促进换热,导致传热性能下降,流动阻力也随之降低。因此,Nu与f均随ST的增大而减小。
图11示出在ST=62 mm,hi=6 mm,Dsp=10 mm条件下,不同雷诺数时纵向节距2SL(42,52,62,72,82 mm)对Nu和f的影响,从图可以看出,随着2SL的增大,Nu呈现先上升后下降的趋势。当2SL从42 mm增至62 mm,Re为1 000,2 000,3 000,4 000,5 000,6 000,7 000,8 000时,Nu分别上升了28.5%,24.6%,26.2%,20.9%,16.8%,16.2%,16.3%和14.8%;当2SL从62 mm继续增至72 mm时,各雷诺数下Nu变化均不明显;而当2SL进一步从62 mm增至82 mm时,Nu值在对应雷诺数下分别降低了12.2%,14.5%,12.9%,9.6%,9.7%,7.5%,5.8%和3.2%。在摩擦系数方面,在42~72 mm的范围内,f随着2SL的增大而持续上升,但在2SL从72 mm增至82 mm时未发生明显变化。
纵向节距2SL对性能系数η的影响如图12所示。随着雷诺数的增大,枕型板的性能系数η整体呈上升趋势。以等距模式(ST=62 mm,2SL=62 mm,hi=6 mm,Dsp=10mm)为参考工况,在纵向焊点模式下,2SL为62,72,82 mm时,性能系数表现为η(2SL=62 mm)>η(2SL=72 mm)>η(2SL=82 mm),说明η随着2SL的增大而降低。而横向焊点模式下,2SL为42,52 mm时,其η在低雷诺数下均低于等距模式(2SL=62 mm),但η随着2SL的增大而提高;随着雷诺数升高,该模式下的η逐渐增大并最终超过等距模式与纵向模式。
图13示出Re=2 000时,不同纵向节距2SL下枕型板内部的速度分布。从图可以看出,在相同横向节距下,各枕型板内部流场结构相似,但随着2SL的增大,流场在纵向维度上延伸。在ST=62 mm,hi=6 mm,Dsp=10 mm的条件下,纵向节距2SL分别为42,52,62,72,82 mm时,对应的水力直径dh分别为8.83,8.72,8.65,8.60,9.02 mm。根据式(5),在雷诺数恒定时,板内流体平均流速与水力直径成反比,而换热强度与流体速度直接相关,因此,Nu随2SL的变化趋势与水力直径相反:当2SL从42 mm增至62 mm时,Nu显著提升;从62 mm增至72 mm时,Nu仅有小幅增加;而从72 mm增至82 mm时,Nu则出现下降。根据式(8),f与通道水力直径和单位长度压降成正比,与流体平均流速成反比。当2SL从42 mm增至72 mm时,流速上升导致单位长度压降增大,f随之增加,但增幅逐渐趋缓;当2SL从72 mm继续增至82 mm时,板内流速下降使单位长度压降减小,f值相应降低。
在ST=62 mm,2SL=62 mm,Dsp=10 mm的条件下,最大通道高度hi分别为4,5,6,7,8 mm时,不同雷诺数下Nu和f的变化规律如图14所示。
从图可以看出,在相同雷诺数下,Nu随hi的增大整体呈下降趋势:当hi从4 mm增至8 mm,Re为1 000,2 000,3 000,4 000,5 000,6 000,7 000,8 000时,Nu分别降低了34.2%,48.4%,8.9%,49.2%,49.5%,49.7%,49.1%,48.6%。同时,f随hi的增大而上升,在相同Re范围内,hi从4 mm增至8 mm时,f分别增加了43.0%,32.9%,30.7%,33.6%,37.2%,40.6%,43.5%和45.7%。
最大通道高度hi=4,5,6,7,8 mm时,对应的水力直径dh分别为5.7,7.1,8.7,10.0,11.5 mm。随着hi的增大,流道水力直径相应增加。根据雷诺数相同时流速与水力直径的反比关系,板内平均流速随hi增大而降低,流速的下降直接导致换热性能减弱,因此Nu随hi增大而减小。尽管流速降低会使单位长度压降有所减小,但水力直径的增大与平均流速的降低均会促使f值上升。综合来看,流速减小与水力直径增大对f值的增强作用,超过了单位长度压降减小带来的降低效应,最终导致f值随hi的增大而整体上升。图15示出不同hi和Re条件下枕型板的性能系数η。从图可见,在Re为1 000~8 000的范围内,η随hi的增大而逐渐降低,这是Nu下降与f上升共同作用的必然结果。
在ST=62 mm,2SL=62 mm,hi=6 mm的条件下,研究了焊点直径Dsp(6,8,10,12,14 mm)对枕型板内部流动Nu和f的影响,结果如图16所示。
从图可见,Nu和f均随Dsp的增大而增加。当Dsp从6 mm增至14 mm,Re为1 000,2 000,3 000,4 000,5 000,6 000,7 000,8 000时,Nu分别提高了68.3%,78.4%,71.2%,65.5%,66.1%,66.0%,64.0%,62.3%,f分别提高了130.8%,173.0%,190.3%,190.8%,189.3%,188.4%,188.5%和189.9%。性能系数η与焊点直径Dsp的变化趋势如图17所示,以等距模式(ST=62 mm,2SL=62 mm,hi=6 mm,Dsp=10 mm)为参考工况,性能系数η总体上随Dsp的增大呈上升趋势。
图18示出Re=4 000时不同焊点直径Dsp下的板内速度流线分布。
随着Dsp增大,主流区通道变窄,板内流速相应提高。流体流经焊点时,在焊点前缘区域流速增大,并在离心力作用下发生流动分离,产生更显著的二次流。这一现象使主流区湍流强度明显增强,从而强化了传热效果,同时也增大了流动能量损失。随着Dsp进一步增加,焊点间流体的流动偏转加剧,焊点对流场的扰动作用更加明显,对传热强化与压降增长的促进作用也更为突出。
(1)随着焊点横向节距的增大,努塞尔数减小,导致通道内换热作用减弱,同时流动摩擦系数也随之降低。
(2)随着纵向节距增大,枕型板通道的水力直径先增后减;基于相同雷诺数下流速与水力直径的反比关系,努塞尔数也相应呈现先升后降的趋势。在性能方面,低雷诺数下,等距模式(ST=2SL=62 mm)的综合性能较好;而在高雷诺数下,横向焊点模式的性能则优于等距与纵向模式。
(3)努塞尔数随通道高度hi的增大而减小,而摩擦系数则随之增大,导致PPHE的综合性能呈下降趋势。与此同时,受焊点扰动增强的影响,努塞尔数、摩擦系数及综合性能系数均随焊点直径Dsp的增大而同步提升。
(4)在文中涉及的几何参数范围内,在满足压降约束的前提下,降低通道高度、增大焊点直径、在低雷诺数时采用等距焊点布置模式、在高雷诺数时采用横向焊点布置模式,有助于提升枕型板的综合性能系数。后续研究需进一步探明结构参数间交互作用对PPHE热工水力性能的影响规律,并通过试验验证其传热与流阻特性,从而为PPHE的工业应用提供理论支撑。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.11.008
  • 接收时间:2025-07-02
  • 首发时间:2026-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-11-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-02
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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