Article(id=1319293681404859317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1319293542573392487, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.07.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731254400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-11, revisedDate=1739548800000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792473724938, onlineDateStr=2026-10-20, pubDate=1753804800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792473724938, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792473724938, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792473724938, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319293542573392487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2025', volume='53', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753804800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792473691838, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792473691838, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=37, endPage=46, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319293681589408694, articleId=1319293681404859317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Research on drag reduction mechanism of biomimetic fishscale centrifugal pump based on response surface method, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the drag reduction mechanism of a biomimetic fish scale centrifugal pump,the response surface methodology was employed to optimize the structural parameters of biomimetic fish scale pits,and the values of each structural parameter corresponding to the optimal drag reduction effect were determined.The study revealed that under different operating conditions,the biomimetic fish scale pit structure can enhance the hydraulic performance of centrifugal pumps,with the most significant improvement observed under the rated operating condition.Compared to the baseline pump,the head and efficiency increased by 0.88 m and 3.71 percentage points,respectively,with an efficiency gain rate of 5.13% and a drag reduction rate of 4.30%.On one hand,the biomimetic fish scale pits expand the contact area between the blade working surface and the internal fluid,thereby improving the shear stress distribution on the blade wall.On the other hand,they thicken the near‑wall boundary layer and reduce the Reynolds stress in the near‑wall region of the blade.Furthermore,the biomimetic fish scale pits can disrupt the vortex structure on the blade surface,reduce the vortex core inside the centrifugal pump and the vortex area at the blade outlet,and weaken the intensity of energy exchange and conversion.This delays boundary layer separation,inhibits the transition from laminar to turbulent flow during fluid movement,and makes the internal flow more uniform,ultimately reducing the resistance encountered by the centrifugal pump during operation.This research can provide a reference for the optimal design of centrifugal pumps.

, authors=Cui DAI1, Quanzhang ZHU1, Jingjian CAO2, Yi ZHANG1, Liang DONG1, authorsList=Cui DAI, Quanzhang ZHU, Jingjian CAO, Yi ZHANG, Liang DONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319293684701582291, articleId=1319293681404859317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=基于响应面法的仿生鱼鳞离心泵减阻机理研究, columnId=1317484287230853622, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=设计计算, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了研究仿生鱼鳞离心泵的减阻机理,利用响应面法优化设计了仿生鱼鳞凹坑的结构参数,确定了减阻效果最佳时各结构参数的取值。研究发现,在不同工况下,仿生鱼鳞凹坑结构均能够改善离心泵的水力性能;且在额定工况下的提升最明显,相较于基础泵,扬程和效率分别提高了0.88 m和3.71个百分点,增效率为5.13%,减阻率为4.30%;仿生鱼鳞凹坑一方面增大了叶片工作面与内部流体的接触面积,改善了叶片壁面剪应力分布,另一方面使得近壁面边界层增厚,减小了叶片近壁面雷诺应力;仿生鱼鳞凹坑能够破坏叶片表面的涡结构,减小离心泵内部涡核和叶片出口处涡区域,并降低能量交换和转化的强度,延缓边界层分离,抑制了流体流动时层流向湍流的转变,使得内部流动更均匀,进而减小了离心泵运行时所受阻力。研究可为离心泵的优化设计提供参考。

, authors=代翠1, 朱全章1, 曹晶剑2, 张义1, 董亮1, authorsList=代翠, 朱全章, 曹晶剑, 张义, 董亮, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

代翠(1984),女,博士,副教授,主要从事流体机械减振降噪机理与设计方法研究,通信地址:212013江苏省镇江市京口区学府路301号江苏大学能源与动力工程学院,。

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=DaQQhH1xOQL4+MES6SX8Tw==, magXml=f/7cQQpkqJF+YideEFpK/g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=eAxdxHj9uiX9bCva3/45Og==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=bZUrUORwA86EyRmfKojr+Q==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1319293747993629184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=daicui@ujs.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293748069126658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, authorId=1319293747993629184, language=EN, stringName=Cui DAI, firstName=Cui, middleName=null, lastName=DAI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Energy and Power Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293748132041219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, authorId=1319293747993629184, language=CN, stringName=代翠, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1江苏大学 能源与动力工程学院,江苏 镇江 212013, bio={"content":"

代翠(1984),女,博士,副教授,主要从事流体机械减振降噪机理与设计方法研究,通信地址:212013江苏省镇江市京口区学府路301号江苏大学能源与动力工程学院,。

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代翠(1984),女,博士,副教授,主要从事流体机械减振降噪机理与设计方法研究,通信地址:212013江苏省镇江市京口区学府路301号江苏大学能源与动力工程学院,。

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ArticleFig(id=1319293755312689725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, language=CN, label=图14, caption=仿生前后离心泵内截面湍动能分析, figureFileSmall=hB8E6ATeOwZNA+mDMCkl5g==, figureFileBig=Seea6QW0BzuNALg7jKGT9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293755400770110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Main parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
过流部件几何参数数值
叶轮进口直径D1/mm60
出口直径D2/mm150
出口宽度b2/mm8.5
叶片包角ψ/(°)120
长叶片数Z16
短叶片数Z26
蜗壳基圆直径D3/mm160
进口宽度b3/mm16
出口直径D4/mm32
), ArticleFig(id=1319293755463684671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
过流部件几何参数数值
叶轮进口直径D1/mm60
出口直径D2/mm150
出口宽度b2/mm8.5
叶片包角ψ/(°)120
长叶片数Z16
短叶片数Z26
蜗壳基圆直径D3/mm160
进口宽度b3/mm16
出口直径D4/mm32
), ArticleFig(id=1319293755551765056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Grid independence verification

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案网格数/万扬程/m效率/%
170032.3567.81
280032.9168.04
390033.3468.97
41 00033.6169.62
51 10033.7270.03
61 20033.8170.06
71 30033.8370.11
), ArticleFig(id=1319293755618873921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

网格无关性验证

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案网格数/万扬程/m效率/%
170032.3567.81
280032.9168.04
390033.3468.97
41 00033.6169.62
51 10033.7270.03
61 20033.8170.06
71 30033.8370.11
), ArticleFig(id=1319293755681788482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

CFD parameter settings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设置项目参数
湍流模型定常:SST k-ω模型
非定常:LES-Smagorinsky模型
压力进口边界条件1.05×105 Pa(1 atm)
质量流量出口边界条件1.767,2.944,4.116 kg/s
转速2 900 r/min
壁面无滑移,粗糙度25 μm
动静交界面定常:Frozen rotor stator
非定常:Transient rotor stator
定常计算对流项离散格式一阶迎风
非定常计算对流项High resolution
非定常计算瞬态项Second order backward euler
收敛准则10-5
时间步长1.149 425×10-4 s
总时间0.331 034 40 s
), ArticleFig(id=1319293755761480259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

CFD参数设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设置项目参数
湍流模型定常:SST k-ω模型
非定常:LES-Smagorinsky模型
压力进口边界条件1.05×105 Pa(1 atm)
质量流量出口边界条件1.767,2.944,4.116 kg/s
转速2 900 r/min
壁面无滑移,粗糙度25 μm
动静交界面定常:Frozen rotor stator
非定常:Transient rotor stator
定常计算对流项离散格式一阶迎风
非定常计算对流项High resolution
非定常计算瞬态项Second order backward euler
收敛准则10-5
时间步长1.149 425×10-4 s
总时间0.331 034 40 s
), ArticleFig(id=1319293755828589124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Flowmeter and pressure transmitter parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据采集仪器项目参数
MIK-P300压力
变送器
进口量程 -0.1~0.1 MPa
出口量程 0~1 MPa
输出电流信号 4~20 mA
精度0.5级
KEF-DN100型
电磁流量计
可测量最大流量100 m3/h
精度0.5级
工作压力4 MPa
), ArticleFig(id=1319293755912475205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

流量计和压力变送器参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据采集仪器项目参数
MIK-P300压力
变送器
进口量程 -0.1~0.1 MPa
出口量程 0~1 MPa
输出电流信号 4~20 mA
精度0.5级
KEF-DN100型
电磁流量计
可测量最大流量100 m3/h
精度0.5级
工作压力4 MPa
), ArticleFig(id=1319293755987972678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Factors and levels

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水平 θ/(°)s/cmh/mm
-1901.72.0
01201.92.2
11502.12.4
), ArticleFig(id=1319293756063470151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

因素及水平

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水平 θ/(°)s/cmh/mm
-1901.72.0
01201.92.2
11502.12.4
), ArticleFig(id=1319293756172522056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

RSM design scheme and results

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序号 θ/(°)s/cmh/mmC/%
11201.92.23.92
21501.72.23.23
31201.92.23.82
41201.72.03.41
51202.12.43.51
61202.12.03.75
7901.72.22.95
81501.92.43.62
91201.72.43.30
10901.92.43.14
111201.92.23.90
121201.92.23.85
13901.92.03.34
141201.92.23.91
151501.92.03.56
161502.12.23.62
17902.12.23.31
), ArticleFig(id=1319293756243825225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

RSM设计方案与结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 θ/(°)s/cmh/mmC/%
11201.92.23.92
21501.72.23.23
31201.92.23.82
41201.72.03.41
51202.12.43.51
61202.12.03.75
7901.72.22.95
81501.92.43.62
91201.72.43.30
10901.92.43.14
111201.92.23.90
121201.92.23.85
13901.92.03.34
141201.92.23.91
151501.92.03.56
161502.12.23.62
17902.12.23.31
), ArticleFig(id=1319293756340294218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

RSM regression model analysis of variance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方差F值Prob(P)>F(P值)显著性
合计1.4216————
模型1.4090.1655.88 <0.000 1显著
θ0.2110.2174.96 <0.000 1显著
s0.2110.2176.13 <0.000 1显著
h0.03010.03010.820.013 3显著
θs 2.25×10-41 2.25×10-40.0810.784 1不显著
θh0.01710.0176.090.043 0显著
sh 4.225×10-31 4.225×10-31.520.257 1不显著
θ20.4910.49175.40 <0.000 1显著
s20.2910.29104.55 <0.000 1显著
h20.06610.06623.710.001 8显著
残差0.0197 2.775×10-3———
失拟值0.0123 4.008×10-32.170.234 6不显著
纯误差 7.4×10-34 1.85×10-3———
), ArticleFig(id=1319293756424180299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

RSM回归模型方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方差F值Prob(P)>F(P值)显著性
合计1.4216————
模型1.4090.1655.88 <0.000 1显著
θ0.2110.2174.96 <0.000 1显著
s0.2110.2176.13 <0.000 1显著
h0.03010.03010.820.013 3显著
θs 2.25×10-41 2.25×10-40.0810.784 1不显著
θh0.01710.0176.090.043 0显著
sh 4.225×10-31 4.225×10-31.520.257 1不显著
θ20.4910.49175.40 <0.000 1显著
s20.2910.29104.55 <0.000 1显著
h20.06610.06623.710.001 8显著
残差0.0197 2.775×10-3———
失拟值0.0123 4.008×10-32.170.234 6不显著
纯误差 7.4×10-34 1.85×10-3———
), ArticleFig(id=1319293756499677772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

Hydraulic performance parameters of optimized biomimetic fish scale centrifugal pump and smooth pump

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流量扬程/m效率/%增效率/%
基础离心泵优化后仿生鱼鳞离心泵基础离心泵优化后仿生鱼鳞离心泵
0.6Qd38.9039.1551.0452.703.25
1.0Qd34.0434.9272.2775.985.13
1.4Qd31.0331.3565.1366.562.20
), ArticleFig(id=1319293756579369549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

优化后仿生鱼鳞离心泵与基础离心泵的水力性能参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
流量扬程/m效率/%增效率/%
基础离心泵优化后仿生鱼鳞离心泵基础离心泵优化后仿生鱼鳞离心泵
0.6Qd38.9039.1551.0452.703.25
1.0Qd34.0434.9272.2775.985.13
1.4Qd31.0331.3565.1366.562.20
), ArticleFig(id=1319293756659061326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, language=EN, label=Tab.9, caption=

The drag reduction rate of optimized biomimetic fish scale centrifugal pump

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
流量扭矩/(N·m)减阻率/%
基础离心泵优化后仿生鱼鳞离心泵
0.6Qd4.144.042.42
1.0Qd5.355.124.30
1.4Qd6.706.552.24
), ArticleFig(id=1319293756734558799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293681404859317, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

优化后仿生鱼鳞离心泵的减阻率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
流量扭矩/(N·m)减阻率/%
基础离心泵优化后仿生鱼鳞离心泵
0.6Qd4.144.042.42
1.0Qd5.355.124.30
1.4Qd6.706.552.24
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基于响应面法的仿生鱼鳞离心泵减阻机理研究
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代翠 1 , 朱全章 1 , 曹晶剑 2 , 张义 1 , 董亮 1
流体机械 | 设计计算 2025,53(7): 37-46
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流体机械 |设计计算 2025 , 53 (7) : 37 -46
基于响应面法的仿生鱼鳞离心泵减阻机理研究
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代翠(1984),女,博士,副教授,主要从事流体机械减振降噪机理与设计方法研究,通信地址:212013江苏省镇江市京口区学府路301号江苏大学能源与动力工程学院,。

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代翠(1984),女,博士,副教授,主要从事流体机械减振降噪机理与设计方法研究,通信地址:212013江苏省镇江市京口区学府路301号江苏大学能源与动力工程学院,。

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代翠1 , 朱全章1, 曹晶剑2, 张义1, 董亮1
作者信息
  • 1江苏大学 能源与动力工程学院,江苏 镇江 212013
  • 2恒力液压股份有限公司,江苏 常州 213164
作者简介:

代翠(1984),女,博士,副教授,主要从事流体机械减振降噪机理与设计方法研究,通信地址:212013江苏省镇江市京口区学府路301号江苏大学能源与动力工程学院,。

Research on drag reduction mechanism of biomimetic fishscale centrifugal pump based on response surface method
Cui DAI1 , Quanzhang ZHU1, Jingjian CAO2, Yi ZHANG1, Liang DONG1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Energy and Power Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China
  • 2Jiangsu Hengli hydraulic Co.,Ltd.,Changzhou 213164,China
出版时间: 2025-07-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.07.006
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为了研究仿生鱼鳞离心泵的减阻机理,利用响应面法优化设计了仿生鱼鳞凹坑的结构参数,确定了减阻效果最佳时各结构参数的取值。研究发现,在不同工况下,仿生鱼鳞凹坑结构均能够改善离心泵的水力性能;且在额定工况下的提升最明显,相较于基础泵,扬程和效率分别提高了0.88 m和3.71个百分点,增效率为5.13%,减阻率为4.30%;仿生鱼鳞凹坑一方面增大了叶片工作面与内部流体的接触面积,改善了叶片壁面剪应力分布,另一方面使得近壁面边界层增厚,减小了叶片近壁面雷诺应力;仿生鱼鳞凹坑能够破坏叶片表面的涡结构,减小离心泵内部涡核和叶片出口处涡区域,并降低能量交换和转化的强度,延缓边界层分离,抑制了流体流动时层流向湍流的转变,使得内部流动更均匀,进而减小了离心泵运行时所受阻力。研究可为离心泵的优化设计提供参考。

长短叶片离心泵  /  仿生鱼鳞凹坑结构  /  优化设计  /  减阻机理

To investigate the drag reduction mechanism of a biomimetic fish scale centrifugal pump,the response surface methodology was employed to optimize the structural parameters of biomimetic fish scale pits,and the values of each structural parameter corresponding to the optimal drag reduction effect were determined.The study revealed that under different operating conditions,the biomimetic fish scale pit structure can enhance the hydraulic performance of centrifugal pumps,with the most significant improvement observed under the rated operating condition.Compared to the baseline pump,the head and efficiency increased by 0.88 m and 3.71 percentage points,respectively,with an efficiency gain rate of 5.13% and a drag reduction rate of 4.30%.On one hand,the biomimetic fish scale pits expand the contact area between the blade working surface and the internal fluid,thereby improving the shear stress distribution on the blade wall.On the other hand,they thicken the near‑wall boundary layer and reduce the Reynolds stress in the near‑wall region of the blade.Furthermore,the biomimetic fish scale pits can disrupt the vortex structure on the blade surface,reduce the vortex core inside the centrifugal pump and the vortex area at the blade outlet,and weaken the intensity of energy exchange and conversion.This delays boundary layer separation,inhibits the transition from laminar to turbulent flow during fluid movement,and makes the internal flow more uniform,ultimately reducing the resistance encountered by the centrifugal pump during operation.This research can provide a reference for the optimal design of centrifugal pumps.

long short blade centrifugal pump  /  biomimetic fish scale pit structure  /  optimize design  /  drag reduction mechanism
代翠, 朱全章, 曹晶剑, 张义, 董亮. 基于响应面法的仿生鱼鳞离心泵减阻机理研究. 流体机械, 2025 , 53 (7) : 37 -46 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.07.006
Cui DAI, Quanzhang ZHU, Jingjian CAO, Yi ZHANG, Liang DONG. Research on drag reduction mechanism of biomimetic fishscale centrifugal pump based on response surface method[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2025 , 53 (7) : 37 -46 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.07.006
随着科技的发展,能源紧缺问题日益严重,离心泵作为通用流体机械,其日常运行耗电量约占全国电量的15%,并且运行过程中由于流体流动时的阻力影响,降低了泵的运行效率。因此,如何减小离心泵运行阻力,提高运行效率是亟待解决的问题。离心泵的减阻增效研究主要集中在改进离心泵的结构和优化设计叶片翼型等方面[1]。陈佐一等[2]通过增加叶片特定部位的粗糙度,提高了升阻比和气动效率的效果,试验结果表明,在不同流量下贴上粗糙片后离心风机的效率均有提高,最高达到8.16%。龙泽强等[3]在风力涡轮机叶片上安装粗糙条,增加了叶片翼型的表面粗糙度,试验结果显示,气流效率显著提高。刘厚林等[4]提出一种在叶片工作面布置隆起结构来提高离心泵抗空化性能的方法。裴吉等[5]通过改变了离心泵的安放角发现,当减小安放角时,离心泵所受阻力减小,最大效率增大。
随着仿生技术的日益成熟,一些研究人员开始将仿生技术应用于离心泵上,以此来达到离心泵减阻增效的目的。代翠等[6]在蜗壳式离心泵叶片表面布置仿生凹坑结构,发现将凹坑布置在剪应力较大处,并减少其减阻辐射区域的重叠,可以有效提高仿生凹坑结构的减阻效果。郭超[7]在离心泵叶片工作面出口处1/3区域分别布置了Space‑V型沟槽和V型沟槽结构,并通过数值计算对比分析发现,相比于V型沟槽,Space‑V型沟槽的减阻效果更好,对离心泵水力性能的改善效果更佳。HUANG等[8]在离心泵叶片表面分别布置了横向肋条、横向沟槽和流向沟槽三种形态的仿生结构,通过仿真模拟发现,最大减阻率可以达到8.39%。TIAN等[9]从海豚皮肤的结构中获得灵感,设计出一种仿生结构非均质复合材料,研究表明,该材料可以降低流体边界层的速度梯度并减小摩擦力,将其应用于离心泵,可以将泵的效率提高5%左右。YAN等[10]将鱼鳞结构重叠排列在Clark‑Y水翼上,并利用大涡模拟对其进行流场计算,结果表明,布置鱼鳞结构的水翼表现出优异的减阻效果,总减阻率达到35.15%。代翠等[11]提出了一种在叶片表面布置凹坑,并使凹坑参数在流向上变化的离心泵仿生降噪方法,研究表明,在对外特性几乎无影响的条件下,该方法显著降低了离心泵宽频流动噪声。
本文分析了草鱼鱼鳞表面的鳞片形态和分布特征,构造了一种仿生鱼鳞凹坑结构,并将其布置在离心泵叶片表面,以达到减阻增效的目的。提出了一种仿生鱼鳞凹坑结构的优化方法用以优化离心泵的减阻效果,进一步揭示仿生鱼鳞凹坑结构的减阻机理。
选取一台长短叶片离心泵为研究对象,其主要设计参数为:比转速ns=40.79、额定流量Qd=10.6 m3/h、扬程H=34 m、转速n=2 900 r/min。表1列出长短叶片离心泵各部件几何参数。
通过Creo 8.0建立了长短叶片离心泵计算域三维模型,如图1所示。为了防止进出口段出现回流,确保流体稳定流入叶轮,保证模拟结果的准确性,在离心泵叶轮进口和蜗壳出口处均加了延长管道,其中,进口延长段为4倍管径,出口延长段为8倍管径。
在划分结构化网格时,其六面体单元要尽可能避免出现“扭曲”和“尖锐”的情况,但叶片布置仿生鱼鳞凹坑结构后会变得凹凸不平,难以确保结构化网格的质量,从而影响后续计算,因此,在选取网格类别时选用非结构化网格。表2列出网格无关性验证结果。
可以看出,当网格数量超过1 200万后,随着网格数的增加,数值模拟得到的扬程与效率不再出现明显变化,因此,网格数量在1 200万左右时满足计算所需精度要求。
利用Ansys CFX 2022软件进行流场数值计算,表3列出离心泵流场数值计算参数设置。为了确保流场计算的准确性,叶轮共计算8个周期,将时间步长设置为叶轮旋转2°所需的时间,即叶轮每周期计算180步。
离心泵试验装置由闭式试验台和性能参数采集系统组成。离心泵闭式试验台如图2所示,其组成部件主要包括试验泵、汽蚀罐等。图3示出采集外特性参数时所需的采集系统。试验用压力变送器和流量计的具体型号和参数见表4。其中,在距离泵进出口法兰2倍管径处布置变送器监测点。
基础离心泵扬程和效率的试验与模拟结果的对比如图4所示。由图可知,随着流量的增大,扬程呈现逐渐减小的趋势;效率呈现先增大后减小的趋势,且效率在标准工况下达到了峰值。在各个工况下,扬程和效率的试验值与模拟值的误差均小于3.5%,处于合理范围,因此选用的流场数值计算方法准确可靠,具有参考价值。
草鱼是一种常见的淡水鱼,图5示出草鱼的体表鳞片。从图中可以看出,草鱼体表的鳞片为圆鳞,即后区边缘光滑,是属于骨鳞的一种,其表面具有低水阻系数、低流动噪声等优点,因此,草鱼体表特殊的鳞片结构及排列方式,令草鱼在运动时的水流阻力减小,并得以在复杂的水域环境中快速游动[12]。
对草鱼鱼鳞排列特征进行分析,抽象出仿生鱼鳞凹坑的二维结构,如图6所示。可以看出,仿生鱼鳞凹坑呈扇形结构,其半径为1 cm,仿生鱼鳞凹坑主要有3个结构参数,分别是凹坑角度θ、凹坑深度h和凹坑横向间距s。当凹坑角度过大或过小时,凹坑结构就失去了草鱼鱼鳞的特征,因此,θ的取值为90°~150°;结合离心泵叶片厚度,确定h的取值范围为2.0~2.4 mm;当凹坑横向间距过大时,仿生鱼鳞凹坑结构就失去了减阻降噪效果,因此s的取值范围为1.7~2.1 cm。
当离心泵在运行时,流体和叶片表面发生相对运动会产生壁面剪应力,从而产生摩擦阻力,而整个壁面的摩擦阻力应该是整个壁面的壁面剪应力的合力,因此,通过壁面剪应力的大小可以大致反映出叶片壁面所受阻力的大小。图7示出不同工况下基础离心泵壁面剪应力分布情况。
从图中可以看出,由于流体流动的不稳定,在小流量工况下,短叶片出口处的壁面剪应力较大。随着流量的增大,虽然流体流动逐渐稳定,但短叶片出口处的壁面剪应力相比于其余部位仍然较大。并且根据张成春[13]的研究,将非光滑结构布置在旋转体尾缘能够获得较好的减阻效果。因此,决定在短叶片工作面尾缘靠近出口1/3区域处布置仿生鱼鳞凹坑结构。
图8示出仿生鱼鳞凹坑离心泵叶轮三维水体及其网格划分结果。仿生鱼鳞凹坑离心泵的网格数符合基础离心泵网格无关性验证。
利用响应面法优化仿生鱼鳞凹坑结构的几何参数,采用Box-Behnken Design(BBD)方法设计试验。通过数值计算获取目标响应值,拟合出响应值与各参数间的回归模型,最后检查回归模型是否显著。若回归模型显著性达标,则可以分析各参数间的交互影响,从而获得最优的结构参数;若回归模型显著性不达标,则需要重新设计试验,响应面优化设计流程如图9所示。
由于是对仿生鱼鳞凹坑的减阻效果进行优化,所以引入减阻率C来反映减阻效果的变化,因此,响应面法优化的目标响应值为减阻率C。减阻率C的定义如下[14]:
C=NS-NrNS×100%
式中,NS为基础离心泵叶轮扭矩;Nr为仿生离心泵叶轮扭矩。
选取鱼鳞凹坑角度θ,鱼鳞凹坑横向间距s,以及鱼鳞凹坑深度h这3个因素进行响应面优化设计。优化设计的参数因素及水平如表5所示。
根据因素水平表中的取值范围,使用Design-Expert-8.0软件生成三因素三水平的优化设计表。样本点共有27组,将其中的12组样本点作为析因点,而剩余的5组样本点为区域中心点,5组区域中心点的主要作用是估计误差,确保优化设计的准确可靠。额定工况下优化设计方案及计算结果如表6所示。
利用Design-Expert 8.0软件拟合表6中的数据,得到减阻率与各因素之间的回归方程,如下式所示:
C=3.88+0.16θ+0.16s-0.061h+7.5×10-3θs+0.065θh-0.032sh-0.34θ2-0.26s2-0.12h2
式中,θs为凹坑角度和凹坑横向间距的交互项;θh为凹坑角度和凹坑深度的交互项;sh为凹坑横向间距和凹坑深度的交互项。
对拟合后的回归方程系数的显著性进行检验,其结果如表7所示。其中,根据Prob(P)>F,即P值的大小,可以用来判断影响因素是否显著。当P值<0.01时,影响因素的差异性极其显著;当P值<0.05时,影响因素的差异性显著;当P值>0.05时,影响因素的差异性不显著。从表中可以看出,模型的P值<0.000 1,表明模型极其显著;而失拟值的P值为0.234 6,表明其不显著,这两者的显著性说明了模型在整个区域拟合较好。θ,s,h,θh的P值均<0.05,说明这些因素都是模型的显著因子。通过F值的大小可以判断3个结构参数对减阻率的影响顺序,F值越大,则影响越大。3个结构参数的影响顺序依次为s,θ,h。模型回归方程的复相关系数R2为0.972 8,CV(响应面变异系数)为1.49%,Adeq precision(精密度)为22.740,均符合优化设计要求,说明模型拟合良好,对减阻效果的优化设计有较高的可靠性。
图10示出各影响因素交互项的三维图,h处于中间水平(2.2 mm)时,由图10(a)可以看出,当变量θ,s满足126°≤θ≤132°,1.9 cm≤s≤2.0 cm时,离心泵减阻率存在最大值;s处于中间水平(1.9 cm)时,由图10(b)可知,当变量θ,h满足120°≤θ≤132°,2.1 mm≤h≤2.2 mm,离心泵减阻率存在最大值;θ处于中间水平(120°)时,由图10(c)可知,当变量s,h满足1.9 cm≤s≤2.0 cm,2.1 mm≤h≤2.2 mm时,离心泵减阻率存在最大值。
在进行优化设计时,最主要的三要素为目标函数、约束条件及设计变量[15]。由于优化目标为离心泵减阻率,因此,离心泵减阻率的优化设计模型如下式所示:
目标函数:max C(xθ,xs,xh)约束条件:90≤xθ≤150                     1.7≤xs≤2.1                     2.0≤xh≤2.4
式中,xθ,xs,xh为设计变量;C为减阻率。
最后,在约束条件下对减阻率回归方程进行求解,求得了离心泵减阻效果最佳时的仿生鱼鳞凹坑结构参数:凹坑角度θ=128°,凹坑横向间距s=1.95 cm,凹坑深度h=2.15 mm。优化后的离心泵水体如图11所示。
为了更好地分析优化后仿生鱼鳞离心泵效率的变化,引入了增效率[7]。增效率δη计算式如下:
δη=(η-η0)/η0
式中,η为仿生离心泵的效率;η0为基础离心泵的效率。
表8列出优化后仿生鱼鳞离心泵和基础离心泵的扬程及增效率。其中,在额定工况下的提升最为明显,优化后的仿生鱼鳞离心泵的扬程相比于基础离心泵提高了0.88 m,效率相比于基础离心泵提高了3.71个百分点,增效率为5.13%。说明优化后的仿生鱼鳞离心泵的水力性能有较为明显的提升。
表9列出了不同工况下,优化后的仿生鱼鳞离心泵的减阻率。从表中可以看出,在不同工况下,优化后的仿生鱼鳞离心泵都呈现出较好的减阻效果;在标准工况下效果最佳,减阻率到达4.30%。
当水流经过叶片表面时,叶片壁面的摩擦应力是主要的水流阻力来源,摩擦应力由黏性剪应力和湍流雷诺应力组成[16],其表达式如下:
τ=τω+τt=μ∂νx∂y+μt∂νx¯∂y
式中,μ为流体黏度;μt为旋涡黏度。
图12示出不同工况下基础离心泵和优化后的仿生鱼鳞离心泵的叶片壁面剪应力。从图中可以看出,叶片壁面剪应力在短叶片出口位置较大,而在长叶片出口处很小。当流量增大时,基础离心泵短叶片出口处的剪应力明显增大,而优化后的仿生鱼鳞离心泵短叶片出口处的剪应力变化不明显,说明仿生鱼鳞凹坑在大流量工况下减小叶片出口剪应力的效果更好。并且在不同工况下,优化后的仿生鱼鳞离心泵和基础离心泵相比,短叶片出口处的剪应力均有一定程度的降低。由此可以看出,在短叶片工作面上布置仿生鱼鳞凹坑结构,可以有效增加叶片与流体的接触面积,改善叶片壁面剪应力分布,减小短叶片出口处的壁面剪应力,进而减小叶片表面所受阻力。
使用Q-Criterion涡核判定法作为涡的判定依据,选取Q=0.1对仿生前后离心泵叶轮内涡结构进行处理。图13示出不同工况下基础离心泵和优化后仿生鱼鳞离心泵内部涡核。
从图中可以看出,在不同工况下,相比于基础离心泵叶轮,优化后的仿生鱼鳞离心泵的叶轮内部涡核明显减少。尤其是图中标注部分,由于流体流经仿生鱼鳞凹坑结构时,在凹坑内部产生小型涡,破坏了叶片表面的涡结构,降低了涡结构强度,使叶轮内部的涡分布更均匀,减小了叶片出口处涡区域,降低了泵的能量损耗。进而改善了离心泵内部流体的流动状态,减小离心泵运行时所受阻力,提高运行效率。
雷诺应力的大小与速度脉动有关,速度脉动越大的地方,雷诺应力越大;而湍流强度又是脉动速度的平方根和时均速度的比率,所以湍流强度越大,则脉动速度越大,因此,通过湍流强度的大小可以推断出雷诺应力的大小[17]。湍动能可以用来衡量湍流强度,湍动能越大说明能量交换和转化越剧烈,则湍流强度越大。图14示出不同工况下仿生前后离心泵的湍动能对比情况。可以看出,湍动能在短叶片工作面及出口处较大,而增加了仿生鱼鳞凹坑后,短叶片表面的湍动能明显减小,说明仿生鱼鳞凹坑降低了能量交换和转化的强度,减小了叶片表面流动波动,延缓了边界层分离,抑制了流体流动时层流向湍流的转变,使得泵内部流动更均匀,从而减小叶片表面阻力。
(1)基于响应面法对仿生鱼鳞凹坑结构的减阻效果进行优化设计,确定了减阻效果最优的仿生鱼鳞凹坑结构参数:凹坑角度θ=128°,凹坑横向间距s=1.95 cm,凹坑深度h=2.15 mm。
(2)在不同工况下,仿生鱼鳞凹坑结构均能够改善离心泵水力性能,其中,在额定工况下的提升效果最明显,扬程相比于基础离心泵提高了0.88 m,效率提高了3.71个百分点,增效率为5.13%,减阻率为4.30%。
(3)揭示了仿生鱼鳞凹坑结构的减阻机理:首先,仿生鱼鳞凹坑增大了叶片工作面与内部流体的接触面积,改善了叶片壁面剪应力分布,减小了短叶片出口处的剪应力与叶片平均剪应力;其次,仿生鱼鳞凹坑增厚了近壁面边界层,改善了离心泵内部流体流动,减小了叶片近壁面雷诺应力;然后,仿生鱼鳞凹坑破坏了叶片表面的涡结构,降低了涡结构强度,减小了离心泵内部涡核和叶片出口处涡区域,使叶轮内部涡分布更均匀,改善了叶片出口处的不稳定流动,减小了运行时所受阻力;最后,仿生鱼鳞凹坑降低了能量交换和转化的强度,减小了叶片表面流动波动,延缓了边界层分离,抑制了流体流动时层流向湍流的转变,使得泵内部流动更均匀。

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2025年第53卷第7期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.07.006
  • 接收时间:2024-11-11
  • 首发时间:2026-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-07-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-11
  • 修回日期:2025-02-15
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    1江苏大学 能源与动力工程学院,江苏 镇江 212013
    2恒力液压股份有限公司,江苏 常州 213164
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属
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种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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