Article(id=1319293557245068006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1319293542573392487, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.07.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732464000000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-25, revisedDate=1743004800000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792473695335, onlineDateStr=2026-10-20, pubDate=1753804800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792473695335, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792473695335, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792473695335, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319293542573392487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2025', volume='53', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753804800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792473691838, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792473691838, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=22, endPage=29, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319293557412840167, articleId=1319293557245068006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Experimental study on the impact of intake methods on the performance and flow field of centrifugal compressors, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the impact of intake configuration on the performance and flow field of a centrifugal compressor,characteristic tests were conducted to measure performance,while PDA and PIV techniques were employed to characterize the inlet‑duct flow.The effects of curved‑duct intake on the compressor′s pressure ratio,efficiency and inlet uniformity were analyzed.The results reveal how a 90° elbow affects both performance and flow behavior.Compared with a straight inlet,the elbow reduces the pressure ratio(-0.8 % to -2.7 %) and efficiency(-1.4% to -9.8%) at the maximum efficiency point across the tested speed range(60 000~100 000 r/min),and the deterioration grows as rotational speed increases.Especially under high‑flow conditons,the decline in pressure ratio and efficiency is more pronounced.When the speed exceeds 70 000 r/min,the circumferential static‑pressure non‑uniformity at the compressor inlet becomes pronounced;The maximum static‑pressure ratio at the 120° location rises from 1.002 8 to 1.011 5.With a straight inlet,the flow at the maximum efficiency point is nearly uniform,whereas the bent inlet generates severe inlet distortion:two counter‑rotating vortex cores appear on the radial section.The research results provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the inlet conditions of centrifugal compressors and improving their actual operating efficiency and stability in the future.

, authors=Zongwu HU1, 2, Ning HUANG1, Yang ZHAO3, Jie ZHANG1, Guanyan CHEN1, authorsList=Zongwu HU, Ning HUANG, Yang ZHAO, Jie ZHANG, Guanyan CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jie ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319293560856363770, articleId=1319293557245068006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=进气方式对离心压气机性能及流场影响的试验研究, columnId=1317484286475883136, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了研究进气方式对离心压气机性能及流场的影响,试验测试了离心压气机的性能,并采用粒子动态分析仪和粒子图像测速技术测量了压气机进口管路流场,分析了弯管进气对压气机压比、效率及进气均匀性的影响。结果表明,与直管进气相比,弯管进气时压气机在不同转速(60 000~100 000 r/min)下最高效率点的压比(-0.8%~-2.7%)和效率(-1.4%~-9.8%)均下降,且随转速的增加,性能下降幅度也增大,尤其在高转速、大流量工况,压比和效率下降幅度更为显著;当转速超过70 000 r/min,弯管进气时进口管路周向静压分布的不均匀性尤为突出,其中120°位置的最大静压比从1.002 8增大至1.011 5;直管进气时压气机在最高效率点的进气较为均匀,弯管进气时进口管路出现了明显的进气不均匀现象,径向截面上形成了2个反向旋转的主流漩涡核心。研究结果可为后续优化离心压气机进气条件及提升实际运行效率与稳定性提供理论基础。

, authors=胡宗武1, 2, 黄宁1, 赵洋3, 张洁1, 陈冠言1, authorsList=胡宗武, 黄宁, 赵洋, 张洁, 陈冠言, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张洁, authorNote=

胡宗武(1989),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为多相流冲蚀、腐蚀及防护,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=
张洁(1983),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事气固两相流、环境流体力学等方面的研究工作,通信地址:730000甘肃省兰州市天水南路222号兰州大学土木工程与力学学院,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=P+86JXt1jtIXThikoxKb5w==, magXml=gkmmLIc2BwjABDHlZZbdAA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=O5nXBN+wedVqVX0m8seSPQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=jtU5aRjTtvcEFvyOH2fW/w==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1319293633828864334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293557245068006, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=huzw@lut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293633929527633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293557245068006, authorId=1319293633828864334, language=EN, stringName=Zongwu HU, firstName=Zongwu, middleName=null, lastName=HU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China
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胡宗武(1989),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为多相流冲蚀、腐蚀及防护,E-mail:。

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胡宗武(1989),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为多相流冲蚀、腐蚀及防护,E-mail:。

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(a)60 000 r/min  (b)80 000 r/min  (c)100 000 r/min

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(a)60 000 r/min  (b)80 000 r/min  (c)100 000 r/min

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(a)60 000 r/min  (b)80 000 r/min  (c)100 000 r/min

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(a)60 000 r/min  (b)80 000 r/min  (c)100 000 r/min

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The variation in pressure ratio and efficiency at the peak efficiency point under different rotational speeds with elbow intake

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折合转速/(r⋅min-1)压比变化率/%效率变化率/%
60 000-0.8-3.5
70 000-2.4-9.8
80 000-2.5-5.2
90 000-1.6-1.4
100 000-2.7-4.3
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弯管进气时不同转速下最高效率点压比、效率变化率

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折合转速/(r⋅min-1)压比变化率/%效率变化率/%
60 000-0.8-3.5
70 000-2.4-9.8
80 000-2.5-5.2
90 000-1.6-1.4
100 000-2.7-4.3
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进气方式对离心压气机性能及流场影响的试验研究
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胡宗武 1, 2 , 黄宁 1 , 赵洋 3 , 张洁 1 , 陈冠言 1
流体机械 | 试验研究 2025,53(7): 22-29
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流体机械 |试验研究 2025 , 53 (7) : 22 -29
进气方式对离心压气机性能及流场影响的试验研究
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2兰州理工大学 石油化工学院,兰州 730050, bio={"content":"

胡宗武(1989),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为多相流冲蚀、腐蚀及防护,E-mail:。

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胡宗武(1989),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为多相流冲蚀、腐蚀及防护,E-mail:。

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胡宗武1, 2 , 黄宁1, 赵洋3, 张洁1 , 陈冠言1
作者信息
  • 1兰州大学 土木工程与力学学院,兰州 730000
  • 2兰州理工大学 石油化工学院,兰州 730050
  • 3中国北方发动机研究院,天津 300400
通讯作者:
张洁(1983),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事气固两相流、环境流体力学等方面的研究工作,通信地址:730000甘肃省兰州市天水南路222号兰州大学土木工程与力学学院,E-mail:。
作者简介:

胡宗武(1989),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为多相流冲蚀、腐蚀及防护,E-mail:。

Experimental study on the impact of intake methods on the performance and flow field of centrifugal compressors
Zongwu HU1, 2 , Ning HUANG1, Yang ZHAO3, Jie ZHANG1 , Guanyan CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • 2School of Petrochemical Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China
  • 3China North Engine Research Institute,Tianjin 300400,China
出版时间: 2025-07-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.07.004
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为了研究进气方式对离心压气机性能及流场的影响,试验测试了离心压气机的性能,并采用粒子动态分析仪和粒子图像测速技术测量了压气机进口管路流场,分析了弯管进气对压气机压比、效率及进气均匀性的影响。结果表明,与直管进气相比,弯管进气时压气机在不同转速(60 000~100 000 r/min)下最高效率点的压比(-0.8%~-2.7%)和效率(-1.4%~-9.8%)均下降,且随转速的增加,性能下降幅度也增大,尤其在高转速、大流量工况,压比和效率下降幅度更为显著;当转速超过70 000 r/min,弯管进气时进口管路周向静压分布的不均匀性尤为突出,其中120°位置的最大静压比从1.002 8增大至1.011 5;直管进气时压气机在最高效率点的进气较为均匀,弯管进气时进口管路出现了明显的进气不均匀现象,径向截面上形成了2个反向旋转的主流漩涡核心。研究结果可为后续优化离心压气机进气条件及提升实际运行效率与稳定性提供理论基础。

离心压气机  /  进气方式  /  转速  /  性能  /  流场

To investigate the impact of intake configuration on the performance and flow field of a centrifugal compressor,characteristic tests were conducted to measure performance,while PDA and PIV techniques were employed to characterize the inlet‑duct flow.The effects of curved‑duct intake on the compressor′s pressure ratio,efficiency and inlet uniformity were analyzed.The results reveal how a 90° elbow affects both performance and flow behavior.Compared with a straight inlet,the elbow reduces the pressure ratio(-0.8 % to -2.7 %) and efficiency(-1.4% to -9.8%) at the maximum efficiency point across the tested speed range(60 000~100 000 r/min),and the deterioration grows as rotational speed increases.Especially under high‑flow conditons,the decline in pressure ratio and efficiency is more pronounced.When the speed exceeds 70 000 r/min,the circumferential static‑pressure non‑uniformity at the compressor inlet becomes pronounced;The maximum static‑pressure ratio at the 120° location rises from 1.002 8 to 1.011 5.With a straight inlet,the flow at the maximum efficiency point is nearly uniform,whereas the bent inlet generates severe inlet distortion:two counter‑rotating vortex cores appear on the radial section.The research results provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the inlet conditions of centrifugal compressors and improving their actual operating efficiency and stability in the future.

centrifugal compressor  /  intake method  /  rotational speeds  /  performance  /  flow field
胡宗武, 黄宁, 赵洋, 张洁, 陈冠言. 进气方式对离心压气机性能及流场影响的试验研究. 流体机械, 2025 , 53 (7) : 22 -29 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.07.004
Zongwu HU, Ning HUANG, Yang ZHAO, Jie ZHANG, Guanyan CHEN. Experimental study on the impact of intake methods on the performance and flow field of centrifugal compressors[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2025 , 53 (7) : 22 -29 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.07.004
离心压气机是涡轮增压器的核心部件,在能源、航空航天等领域有着广泛的应用[1-2]。在离心压气机的设计及性能测试阶段,通常采用直管进气方式,然而在实际使用过程中,由于安装空间的限制,常常需要采用多种不同角度的弯管导流进气[3-4]。这种进气方式的改变对压气机的性能和流场产生了显著影响。当压气机进口采用弯管进气时,弯管的弯曲结构会导致气体在弯管中形成二次流动,进而引发进气畸变,最终导致压气机性能的明显恶化[3-6]。
近年来,众多学者将进气方式对离心压气机性能的影响进行了研究。KIM等[7]采用试验与数值模拟相结合的方法研究了直管进气和弯管进气时压气机的性能,发现弯管进气会导致进口管路进气畸变,使得压气机的效率下降。ENGEDA等[8]采用数值模拟方法研究了进气弯管对压气机性能的影响,发现带有导流叶片的进气弯管能将压气机的效率提高3%。ARIGA等[9]研究了总压畸变对压气机性能的影响,结果表明,径向和周向总压畸变都会使压气机性能产生下降,相比于周向畸变,径向畸变对压气机效率的影响更显著。YAMADA等[10]分析了90°弯管对压气机性能和流动的影响,结果表明,在特定的安装角度下,弯管能够改善压气机叶轮的流场,但会恶化扩压器的流场。张军等[11]在离心压气机进口处接入不同长度和直径的直管,采用定常数值模拟方法研究了其对离心压气机性能的影响,发现当进口管道较长和直径较小时,对应的压比和效率较低。李杜等[12-13]研究了90°弯管对离心压气机进口流场产生的影响,结果表明,弯管造成叶轮进口的流场畸变,导致压气机在大流量时性能明显降低,在小流量时恶化程度较小。ZHAO等[14]将弯管的安装角度对压气机的性能影响总结为弯管与蜗壳间的时钟效应。佟鼎等[15]利用数值模拟及台架试验的方式,验证了弯管对离心压气机特性影响的恶化程度,并采用了内部布置导流肋片的弯管结构,使得压气机进口流动得到改善,性能相对弯管得到全方位提升。LOU[16]采用激光多普勒测速技术(laser doppler velocimeter,LDV)对离心压气机APU型进气道的矩形截面90°弯管内的流场进行了测量,并研究了管道的几何结构对弯管内流动发展的影响,进而研究了其对离心压气机性能的影响。
目前,关于进气方式对离心压气机影响的研究主要集中在对其性能的影响方面[17-18]。大多数研究采用数值模拟方法[19-20],然而,关于进气方式对压气机流场影响的试验研究却鲜有报道。数值模拟通常基于定常流动假设,无法准确反映实际过程中非定常流动引起的性能变化。而特性试验虽然可以测量流动的压力和温度等参数,但无法提供流场的详细信息。因此,目前关于进气方式对压气机流场影响的试验研究相对较少,对于不同进气方式下压气机性能变化和流动特性的认识仍然非常有限。
本文采用试验法研究直管进气和弯管进气对不同转速下离心式压气机性能及流场特性的影响;对比分析直管进气和弯管进气时,不同转速下压气机的压比和效率的变化规律;采用粒子动态分析仪(particle dynamics analysis,PDA)和粒子图像测速技术(particle image velocimeter,PIV)等非接触式流场测试技术,测试压气机进口管路的流场,分析不同进气方式下压气机进口流场的变化规律。研究结果为后续优化离心压气机进气条件及提升实际运行效率与稳定性提供理论基础。
自主设计的试验装置如图1所示。主要包括离心压气机、调节阀、双纽线流量计、压力与温度传感器、控制柜、管路及附属设备。
离心压气机结构主要包括进口管路、叶轮、扩压器、蜗壳、出口管路等。压气机的设计转速为100 000 r/min;叶轮有10个主叶片和10个分流叶片,叶轮进口直径34 mm,出口直径75 mm;扩压器为无叶扩压器;离心压气机进、出口管路长度均为1 500 mm;进口管路内径49 mm,出口管路内径54 mm。弯管进气时,压气机进口安装90°水平弯管,弯管曲率半径是管道直径的1.5倍。为了测试离心压气机进口管路流场特性,在压气机入口管路上设有可视化透明管段,材料为熔融石英玻璃。
离心压气机性能测试包括流量-压比特性测试和流量-效率特性测试两部分。规定径向截面最上方的测点为0°测点,角度以面向压气机进口的顺时针方向为正。针对离心压气机进口管道处易出现压力分布不均的现象,采用了多测点布置的方式,在测量截面周向均布6个测点,测量进口静压(在计算压比时取平均值作为进口静压),如图2所示。在某一转速下,将压气机出口调节阀开至最大,确认阻塞点后,从阻塞点开始,逐步关小出口调节阀,减少流量,直至压气机接近喘振工况。在接近喘振工况的过程中,至少选取6个不同的工况点进行测试。测试时,除喘振点外,每个工况点需稳定运行5 min,待数据稳定后再记录数据。依次测试转速为60 000,70 000,80 000,90 000,100 000 r/min时离心压气机的性能参数。弯管进气时的测试方法同直管进气。由于实际试验测试的环境气压、温度与标准环境状况不同,因此,实测的压气机流量和转速应按照标准环境状况予以折算[21]。
为了分析不同进气方式下压气机进口流场变化,采用PDA和PIV两种非接触式测量技术测试进口流场。该测试技术可避免对流场的干扰,确保测试的准确性。测试截面为压气机进口管路的径向截面,距离叶轮进口处100 mm。分别测试直管进气和弯管进气方式下,不同转速压气机进口管路径向截面的速度场。
(1)PDA测试。
PDA测试系统由丹麦Dentec Dynamic公司生产,软件部分为BSA Flow Software(BSA)数据处理系统,硬件部分包括激光器、分光器、发射探头、信号处理器和三维坐标架。采用二维探头布置,对进气管道径向截面的竖直方向速度和轴向速度进行测量。PDA测试时,在进口管道径向截面选择37个测量点,其分布如图3所示。管道中心(坐标原点)选取1个测点,其余测点分布于以管道中心为圆心的3个不同径向位置(r/r0=0.3,0.6,0.9,其中,r为测点到圆心的距离;r0为进口管路半径)的圆周上。在每个圆周上,每隔30°选取1个测点。对于每个测点,PDA采集停止的条件设置为采集到1 000个信号,或采样时间达到20 s。
(2)PIV测试。
PIV测试系统由丹麦Dentec Dynamic公司生产,主要包括120 mJ Nd-YAG激光器、CCD相机、同步器和数据采集及处理系统等。在试验前,通过标定板对进口管路的测试区域进行精确标定,确保测量数据的准确性。示踪颗粒为癸二酸二乙基己酯,通过气溶胶发生器加入进口管路,失踪颗粒平均粒径为2~5 µm。压气机从环境中直接吸气,气溶胶发生器使示踪粒子在进入压气机之前与空气混匀,在测试时可以充满整个进气管路。
图4示出直管进气和弯管进气时,不同转速下压气机的性能曲线。由图4(a)可看出,相对于直管进气方式,弯管进气方式下压气机的压比在不同转速时均有所下降。同一流量下,随着转速的增大,压气机的压比下降幅度增大。由图4(b)可看出,相对于直管进气方式,弯管进气方式下离心压气机的效率在不同转速时均有所下降。随着转速的增大,压气机的压比下降幅度增大。在小流量工况下,压比和效率下降幅度均较小,而在大流量工况下,压比和效率下降幅度均较大。因此,在高转速的大流量工况下,压气机的压比和效率受进气弯管的影响更为明显。
弯管进气时最高效率点的压比、效率变化率见表1。
相对于直管进气方式,弯管进气时不同转速离心压气机在最高效率点的压比和效率变化率均为负值,说明离心压气机以弯管方式进气时,压比和效率均降低,即压气机性能恶化。该结论与文献[22]中的试验结果高度契合。从表1可以看出,不同转速下,压气机的压比和效率变化率均表现出显著差异,压比变化率介于-0.8%~-2.7%之间,效率变化率介于-1.4%~-9.8%之间。
为了研究转速对进气管道周向静压的影响,测试了不同转速下压气机在最高效率点的管道静压分布,如图5所示,其中,P/P¯为对静压的无量纲化处理,即测点静压与截面周向静压平均值之比。
由图5可看出,在低转速(低于70 000 r/min)下,直管进气和弯管进气时进口管路周向静压分布基本一致;转速高于70 000 r/min时,2种进气方式下进口管路周向静压分布出现明显的不均现象,且弯管进气时进口管路周向静压分布不均更加明显。随着转速的增大,直管进气和弯管进气时,进口管路周向静压分布不均现象均加剧,尤其是弯管进气时周向静压分布不均更加明显。转速高于70 000 r/min时,弯管进气时120°测点处的静压明显高于其余测点处的静压,进口管路周向静压分布的不均性更为突出,最大静压比值从1.002 8增大至1.011 5。这是由于气体受到弯管弯曲结构的影响,在离心力和惯性力的共同作用下弯管内形成强烈的二次流[23],导致在弯管外侧的静压会明显高于内侧的静压。
图6所示为直管进气时,不同转速下最高效率点的径向截面轴向速度矢量图。可以看出,以直管进气时,随着转速增大,离心压气机进口管路径向截面平均流速增大,不同转速下,在最高效率点整个进口管路呈均匀进气。这表明,在最高效率点,离心压气机以直管方式进气可以充满整个进气管路,整个进气截面均呈现轴对称的性质。同时,在最高效率点,不同转速下各测点的速度竖直分量均为零,表明此时流动为轴向均匀进气。
图7为弯管进气时,不同转速下最高效率点的径向截面轴向速度矢量图。可以看出,以弯管进气时,在最高效率点,随着转速增大,离心压气机进口管路径向截面平均流速增大。弯管进气时,不同转速进口管路径向截面不仅存在周向速度,而且存在竖直方向速度分量,且轴向速度分量大于竖直方向速度分量。这是由于弯管进气为气体赋予了预旋特性,不仅使其在周向方向上获得速度,还在竖直方向上产生了速度分量。这种速度分布的改变使得气体进入叶轮前的速度矢量方向和大小发生变化,进而对叶轮的进口攻角和做功效率产生了显著影响。
为了进一步研究弯管进气方式对压气机进口流场结构的影响,获取所选取径向截面的平面流场结构信息,采用PIV对弯管进气方式下进口管路径向截面的流场进行了测试。将每一工况下采集的20对图像进行平均处理,得到时均速度。图8为弯管进气时,不同转速下最高效率点进口管路径向截面的速度矢量图。可以看出,压气机以弯管进气时,不同转速下,在最高效率点进口管路径向截面均出现了2个明显的主流漩涡核心,且2个漩涡反向转动:位于截面左上方的漩涡逆时针转动,位于截面左下方的漩涡则呈顺时针方向转动。此外,在2个漩涡中间,出现了一个明显的流动挤压区域,在该区域内,流速相对其他区域显著增高,整个进口截面呈现了对称涡的漩涡结构。在最高效率点,随着转速增大,进口管路径向截面主流涡旋愈加明显。这是因为随着转速的增加,气体的动能增大,离心力增大,使得气体在弯管内壁附近产生更大的压力梯度,进一步推动气体沿径向方向流动,从而增强了主流涡旋的强度。这种增强的涡旋结构在流动挤压区域产生了更高的流速,使得整个进口截面的流动更加复杂和不均匀。
由于矢量图中产生了明显的漩涡结构,引入涡量对流动进行进一步分析。图9为弯管进气时,不同转速下最高效率点进口管路径向截面的涡量图。可以看出,在压气机最高效率点的工况下,随着离心压气机转速的增大,进口管路中主流漩涡的涡量绝对值也随之增大。这种趋势可能是由于转速增加导致流体动能的提升,进而使得流体在进口管路中的旋转运动更加剧烈,形成了更强的漩涡。这种增强的漩涡强度可能会对压气机内部的流动特性和效率产生显著影响。
(1)与直管进气相比,弯管进气时压气机在不同转速(60 000~100 000 r/min)下最高效率点的压比(-0.8%~-2.7%)和效率(-1.4%~-9.8%)均下降。随着转速的增大,压比和效率的下降幅度增大。在小流量工况下,压比和效率的下降幅度均较小,而在大流量工况下,压比和效率的下降幅度更为显著。特别是在高转速、大流量条件下,弯管对压气机压比和效率的影响更为突出。
(2)在低转速(低于70 000 r/min)工况下,直管进气和弯管进气的进口管路周向静压分布基本一致。在高转速(高于70 000 r/min)工况下,2种进气方式下的进口管路周向静压分布出现明显差异,且弯管进气时进口管路周向静压分布的不均性更为突出。相比直管进气,弯管进气时120°位置的最大静压比值从1.002 8增大至1.011 5。随着转速的进一步增大,直管进气和弯管进气的进口管路周向静压分布不均性均有所加剧。
(3)对于直管进气,随着转速的增大,离心压气机进口管路径向截面的平均流速相应增大,且在不同转速下,压气机在最高效率点时整个进口管路呈现较为均匀的进气状态。而对于弯管进气,在不同转速下压气机进口管路径向截面均存在竖直方向的速度分量,从而导致进气的不均性。
(4)当压气机采用弯管进气时,不同转速下,最高效率点的进口管路径向截面均出现了2个明显的主流漩涡核心,且转动方向相反,即位于截面左上方的漩涡逆时针方向转动,位于截面左下方的漩涡则呈顺时针方向转动。在最高效率点,随着转速增大,进口管路径向截面主流涡旋愈加明显。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.07.004
  • 接收时间:2024-11-25
  • 首发时间:2026-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-07-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-25
  • 修回日期:2025-03-27
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    1兰州大学 土木工程与力学学院,兰州 730000
    2兰州理工大学 石油化工学院,兰州 730050
    3中国北方发动机研究院,天津 300400

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张洁(1983),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事气固两相流、环境流体力学等方面的研究工作,通信地址:730000甘肃省兰州市天水南路222号兰州大学土木工程与力学学院,E-mail:。
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