Article(id=1319293384519434642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1319293383915454866, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.09.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732896000000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-30, revisedDate=1756051200000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792473654154, onlineDateStr=2026-10-20, pubDate=1759161600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792473654154, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792473654154, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792473654154, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319293383915454866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2025', volume='53', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1759161600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792473654011, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792473654011, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1, endPage=7, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319293384729149843, articleId=1319293384519434642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Experimental study on blades‑type super‑cooling releasing device of ice slurry system, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In view of the problem that ice blockage is prone to occur when using supercooled water method make dynamic ice,propose a set of ice slurry production experimental device equipped with blades‑type super‑cooling releasing device.The test performance shows that the ice making system with blades‑type super‑cooling releasing solution can stably and continuous work when the concentration of NaCl solution is not less than 7%.The concentration of NaCl solution is maintained at 7%,change other working conditions such as the flow rate of the ice‑making solution,the initial temperature of the secondary refrigerant,the speed of the scraper,the maximum ice content of the ice slurry reach 21.6%.The ice slurry output of this ice slurry system can reach 1.40 ~3.48 kg/h.The time for continuous production of flowable ice slurry can be stabilized over 40 min.Compared with the spiral‑blade‑type super‑cooling releasing device,the blades‑type super‑cooling releasing device effectively solves the ice blockage phenomenon of the super‑cooler,and the continuous ice‑making time increases by 4.6 to 72.7 times.The blades‑type super‑cooling releasing device can provide guarantee for the continuous production of ice slurry in the ice making system.

, authors=Xiaoyan CHEN1, Xi LIU1, 2, Kunyu ZHUANG2, Xuelai LI1, authorsList=Xiaoyan CHEN, Xi LIU, Kunyu ZHUANG, Xuelai LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319293386847273386, articleId=1319293384519434642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=刮片式过冷解除装置冰浆制取系统的试验研究, columnId=1317484286475883136, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对采用过冷水法动态制冰出现冰堵的问题,提出了一种配有模块化刮片式过冷解除装置的冰浆制取系统,试验研究了NaCl添加剂浓度、制冰溶液流量、二次冷媒起始温度和过冷解除装置转速对制冷性能的影响。结果表明,配套刮片式过冷解除方案的制冰系统在NaCl溶液浓度不低于7%时可实现稳定、持续产出冰浆;保持NaCl溶液浓度7%,制冰溶液流量、二次冷媒起始温度和刮片转速对含冰率和持续制冰时间均会产生显著影响,冰浆含冰率最高可达21.6%,制冰效率在1.40~3.48 kg/h范围内,持续制取可流动冰浆的时间稳定在40 min以上;与螺旋叶片式过冷解除装置相比,刮片式过冷解除装置有效解决了过冷却器的冰堵现象,持续制冰时间增长了4.6~72.7倍。研究可为制冰系统持续制造冰浆提供保障。

, authors=陈晓彦1, 刘曦1, 2, 庄焜煜2, 李学来1, authorsList=陈晓彦, 刘曦, 庄焜煜, 李学来, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

陈晓彦(1985),女,硕士,主要研究方向:制冷及节能技术,通信地址:350116福建省福州市福州大学城乌龙江北大道2号福州大学化工学院,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=hM3UcAKnESM2TXsdXg7SbQ==, magXml=fr2uMj1eQHOOZ6dssRMCDw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=mP++FLUUH5vjMDvYNLZVtg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=9RLRxEfDlqbjmMLuRPVLnA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1319293387262509490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293384519434642, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=15342078561@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293387346395572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293384519434642, authorId=1319293387262509490, language=EN, stringName=Xiaoyan CHEN, firstName=Xiaoyan, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1College of Chemical Engineering,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350116,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293387426087349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293384519434642, authorId=1319293387262509490, language=CN, stringName=陈晓彦, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1福州大学 化工学院,福州 350116, bio={"content":"

陈晓彦(1985),女,硕士,主要研究方向:制冷及节能技术,通信地址:350116福建省福州市福州大学城乌龙江北大道2号福州大学化工学院,E-mail:。

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陈晓彦(1985),女,硕士,主要研究方向:制冷及节能技术,通信地址:350116福建省福州市福州大学城乌龙江北大道2号福州大学化工学院,E-mail:。

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time required to produce ice slurry, figureFileSmall=r6oSg6vHpnr53/IxnIAVwg==, figureFileBig=P2aKyh7TmWzN0y7qoSmuEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293391209349604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293384519434642, language=CN, label=图11, caption=刮片转速与产生冰浆所需时间关系, figureFileSmall=r6oSg6vHpnr53/IxnIAVwg==, figureFileBig=P2aKyh7TmWzN0y7qoSmuEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293391268069861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293384519434642, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Working range and error of test instrument

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测试项目仪器类型误差测量范围
温度/℃PT100温度传感器0.130~120
流量/(m3∙h-1)涡轮流量计0.040.1~1.2
), ArticleFig(id=1319293391356150246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293384519434642, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

测试仪器工作范围及误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试项目仪器类型误差测量范围
温度/℃PT100温度传感器0.130~120
流量/(m3∙h-1)涡轮流量计0.040.1~1.2
), ArticleFig(id=1319293391431647719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293384519434642, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Experimental Variable Parameters

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参数数值
NaCl添加剂浓度/%2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
制冰溶液流量/(m3∙h-1)0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0
二次冷媒起始温度/℃-13,-15,-17,-19,-21
过冷解除装置转速/(r∙min-1)150,175,200,225,250
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试验变量参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
NaCl添加剂浓度/%2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
制冰溶液流量/(m3∙h-1)0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0
二次冷媒起始温度/℃-13,-15,-17,-19,-21
过冷解除装置转速/(r∙min-1)150,175,200,225,250
), ArticleFig(id=1319293391570059753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293384519434642, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Ice‑making efficiency of ice‑making system under different operating conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目NaCl溶液浓度/%制冰溶液流量/(m³∙h-1)二次冷媒起始温度/℃刮片转速/(r∙min-1)
7891011120.250.500.751.00-13-15-17-19-21150175200225250
制冰效率/(kg∙h-1)2.802.632.141.951.571.442.932.802.191.401.952.802.923.343.482.792.452.802.361.83
), ArticleFig(id=1319293391637168618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293384519434642, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同工况下制冰系统的制冰效率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目NaCl溶液浓度/%制冰溶液流量/(m³∙h-1)二次冷媒起始温度/℃刮片转速/(r∙min-1)
7891011120.250.500.751.00-13-15-17-19-21150175200225250
制冰效率/(kg∙h-1)2.802.632.141.951.571.442.932.802.191.401.952.802.923.343.482.792.452.802.361.83
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刮片式过冷解除装置冰浆制取系统的试验研究
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陈晓彦 1 , 刘曦 1, 2 , 庄焜煜 2 , 李学来 1
流体机械 | 试验研究 2025,53(9): 1-7
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流体机械 |试验研究 2025 , 53 (9) : 1 -7
刮片式过冷解除装置冰浆制取系统的试验研究
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陈晓彦1 , 刘曦1, 2, 庄焜煜2, 李学来1
作者信息
  • 1福州大学 化工学院,福州 350116
  • 2福建雪人集团股份有限公司,福州 350217
作者简介:

陈晓彦(1985),女,硕士,主要研究方向:制冷及节能技术,通信地址:350116福建省福州市福州大学城乌龙江北大道2号福州大学化工学院,E-mail:。

Experimental study on blades‑type super‑cooling releasing device of ice slurry system
Xiaoyan CHEN1 , Xi LIU1, 2, Kunyu ZHUANG2, Xuelai LI1
Affiliations
  • 1College of Chemical Engineering,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350116,China
  • 2Fujian Snowman Co.,Ltd.,Fuzhou 350217,China
出版时间: 2025-09-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.09.001
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针对采用过冷水法动态制冰出现冰堵的问题,提出了一种配有模块化刮片式过冷解除装置的冰浆制取系统,试验研究了NaCl添加剂浓度、制冰溶液流量、二次冷媒起始温度和过冷解除装置转速对制冷性能的影响。结果表明,配套刮片式过冷解除方案的制冰系统在NaCl溶液浓度不低于7%时可实现稳定、持续产出冰浆;保持NaCl溶液浓度7%,制冰溶液流量、二次冷媒起始温度和刮片转速对含冰率和持续制冰时间均会产生显著影响,冰浆含冰率最高可达21.6%,制冰效率在1.40~3.48 kg/h范围内,持续制取可流动冰浆的时间稳定在40 min以上;与螺旋叶片式过冷解除装置相比,刮片式过冷解除装置有效解决了过冷却器的冰堵现象,持续制冰时间增长了4.6~72.7倍。研究可为制冰系统持续制造冰浆提供保障。

储能技术  /  冰蓄冷  /  冰浆  /  过冷解除

In view of the problem that ice blockage is prone to occur when using supercooled water method make dynamic ice,propose a set of ice slurry production experimental device equipped with blades‑type super‑cooling releasing device.The test performance shows that the ice making system with blades‑type super‑cooling releasing solution can stably and continuous work when the concentration of NaCl solution is not less than 7%.The concentration of NaCl solution is maintained at 7%,change other working conditions such as the flow rate of the ice‑making solution,the initial temperature of the secondary refrigerant,the speed of the scraper,the maximum ice content of the ice slurry reach 21.6%.The ice slurry output of this ice slurry system can reach 1.40 ~3.48 kg/h.The time for continuous production of flowable ice slurry can be stabilized over 40 min.Compared with the spiral‑blade‑type super‑cooling releasing device,the blades‑type super‑cooling releasing device effectively solves the ice blockage phenomenon of the super‑cooler,and the continuous ice‑making time increases by 4.6 to 72.7 times.The blades‑type super‑cooling releasing device can provide guarantee for the continuous production of ice slurry in the ice making system.

energy storage technology  /  ice storage  /  ice slurry  /  super‑cooling release
陈晓彦, 刘曦, 庄焜煜, 李学来. 刮片式过冷解除装置冰浆制取系统的试验研究. 流体机械, 2025 , 53 (9) : 1 -7 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.09.001
Xiaoyan CHEN, Xi LIU, Kunyu ZHUANG, Xuelai LI. Experimental study on blades‑type super‑cooling releasing device of ice slurry system[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2025 , 53 (9) : 1 -7 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.09.001
动态冰蓄冷是利用载流溶液与冰晶组成的固液两相流作为冷量载体的蓄冷技术[1-2]。随着夏季空调使用规模的不断扩大,巨大的用能昼夜峰谷差影响了电网的安全性和经济性[3-4]。相比于建设调峰电站,动态蓄冷具有较高的换热效率和较快的冷负荷响应速度,是实现电力削峰填谷较为经济、可靠的方法[5-9]。发展动态冰蓄冷的关键在于冰浆稳定、持续、大规模制取,在商业领域应用的动态冰浆制取技术多采用壁面刮削法或过冷水法[10]。壁面刮削装置结构简单,制冰过程稳定性好[11],但机械部件易磨损,且能耗较高。过冷水法动态制冰系统中不包含运动机械部件,相较于壁面刮削法具有更高的换热效率,在日本等发达国家已有一定规模的应用。但在过冷水法冰浆制取过程中,过冷水处于亚稳态,极易解除过冷状态生成冰晶,并在过冷却器的换热壁面上堆积[12-13],堵塞过冷却器内的流动通道。如何保证制冰过程的持续稳定,是推广过冷水法动态制冰的研究重点。
针对过冷水法制冰系统中过冷却器易发生堵塞问题,其研究可分为3个方向:使用添加剂对过冷水溶液改性、改变过冷却器中换热壁面与冰晶之间粘附情况和使用物理方法直接清除冰堵。在添加剂方向,MATSUMOTO等[14-15]搭建了一套小规模冰浆制取装置,通过恒温液浴槽对装有水-油混合乳液的烧杯进行持续搅拌降温,获得了含冰率超过70%的冰浆流体,并可在一段时间保持冰晶颗粒处于悬浮状态;HONG等[16]将乙二醇和硅烷偶联剂以一定浓度溶于水,从而改变了溶液的过冷度,抑制了壁面结晶。在换热壁改良方向,ODA等[17]制作了两种盘管式换热器并进行了制冰试验,试验结果表明,塑料管含氟可一定程度上阻碍冰晶附着于管壁;WANG等[18-20]将纳米氟碳涂层应用于过冷却器换热面,并采用双过冷却器并行方案,在一定程度上实现过冷水法制取冰浆的持续进行。在物理清除方向,BÉDÉCARRATS等[21]搭建了一套过冷水循环制冰系统,分别采用水流冲击平板与超声波的方法解除过冷,前者过冷解除效果具有随机性,后者则可有效控制过冷水的结晶温度;温婷予[22]对带有超声波过冷解除的动态制冰装置进行了研究,发现促晶器外壳的粗糙度、过冷器进口水温和水流量稳定性是影响制冰系统持续性的重要因素;黄成等[23-24]搭建的过冷水动态制冰系统采用开放式结构,在过冷却器内装配了贯穿其中的金属螺旋刮刀,该冰浆制取装置可稳定产生冰浆,但摩擦阻力大,能耗较高;宋力钊等[25]搭建了一套带有刮板过冷解除的制冰装置,探讨了NaCl溶液的结晶过程。
综上可知,采用换热壁改良或添加剂解决过冷水法冰堵问题具有一定的局限性。目前,有关物理方法直接清除冰堵的研究相对较多,但部分研究成果仍存在制冰效率和制冰连续性差、额外能耗高等缺点。本文以物理方法直接清除冰堵为研究方向,在已有的螺旋叶片式过冷解除试验装置上改变其冰堵物理解除方案,使用一种刮片式过冷解除装置,采用控制变量法进行分组试验,探讨影响因素与制冰性能间的关系,分析装置抑制冰堵的能力,以期为制冰系统持续制造冰浆提供一定保障。
针对螺旋叶片式过冷解除装置存在持续制冰时间短的问题,提出一种刮片式过冷解除装置,其结构如图1所示。装置选择双刮片形式以增加冰浆流道空间,且选用疏水性能优良、具有自润滑特性的聚四氟乙烯材料制作挂片。与螺旋叶片式过冷解除装置对比,该装置转动时的摩擦阻力更小,以期降低制冰能耗,提高持续制冰时长。
常用的物理解除过冷状态的方法有撞击法[26]、超声波法[27]、磁场法[28]等。试验选择撞击法,依靠过冷解除装置对制冰溶液实施扰动来达到解除过冷的目的。
制冰溶液在进入换热管之后的较长一段距离内都不会降温至过冷状态,因此,过冷解除装置不必贯穿换热管,只需置于制冰溶液的出口端附近。目前,研究中多将过冷解除装置设置在过冷却器外部,这会造成过冷水溶液从过冷却器输送至过冷解除装置的途中要耗散较多冷量,且易提前解除过冷。因此,试验选择将过冷解除装置设置在过冷却器内部,这不仅有利于制冰系统的整体紧凑,而且能减小冷量耗散。
对文献[21]中设计的冰浆制取系统进行改造,搭建了一套过冷水法冰浆制取系统,试验装置流程见图2。系统所配套的测试仪器情况见表1。
(1)抑制剂的选择。NaCl是一种常见的成核抑制剂,且对冰晶颗粒具有细化作用,选用NaCl制成水溶液进行制冰试验。
(2)试验变量的确定。选取NaCl添加剂浓度、制冰溶液流量、二次冷媒起始温度和过冷解除装置转速作为试验变量,具体数值设置见表2。
选择产生冰浆所需时间、持续制冰时间和冰浆含冰率作为评价冰浆制取系统制冰能力的参数,其中,冰浆含冰率采用量热法[29]测量。
在制冰溶液流量0.5 m3/h、二次冷媒起始温度-15 ℃和刮片转速200 r/min的工况下[30],以10 kg纯水配置的NaCl溶液进行制冰。图3示出NaCl溶液浓度为2%~6%时,制冰系统产出冰浆的最终含冰率。在此工况下,使用刮片式过冷解除装置获得的冰浆含冰率仅在6.7%以下波动,且波动并无明显趋势。说明NaCl溶液在这一浓度范围内,装置所制成的冰浆含冰率较低,在后续试验中应避开在此工况范围内运行。
当NaCl溶液浓度增至7%以上,试验结果较之前发生了较大改变。以7%~12%的NaCl溶液进行试验,获得冰浆含冰率与持续制冰时间的关系如图4所示。可以看出,当NaCl溶液浓度增至7%时,持续制冰时间已超过40 min,并且冰浆可达17.3%。结果表明,NaCl作为一种成核抑制剂,当其添加量增至某一临界值时,可有效抑制制冰溶液内的冰晶成核[31]。制冰溶液在被解除过冷之前保持稳定的过冷流动状态,冰浆可顺利流至过冷却器的前端。进入内置式过冷解除装置管段后,随着刮板在溶液内部引起强烈扰动,并且不断刮除换热壁面冰层,冰堵就很难形成。
从图4还可以看出,随着NaCl添加量持续增加,制冰系统的持续制冰时间都可保持在40 min以上,但冰浆含冰率会逐渐降低。分析原因为,随着NaCl添加量的增加,溶液结晶过程的熵变增大,相变温度降低,在低温槽冷量供应不变的情况下,NaCl溶液相变结晶的热力学推动力越来越小,影响了冰晶的生成。同样的原因还会引起产生冰浆所需时间的变化,如图5所示。可以看出,NaCl溶液在制冰系统中从3 ℃冷却至结晶温度所需的时间,随着NaCl添加量增加而逐渐升高,其增速也呈上升趋势。将带有螺旋叶片式[28]过冷解除装置的冰浆制取系统在同一工况下的数据进行对比,发现在NaCl溶液浓度处于7%~10%区间时,使用刮片式过冷解除装置产生冰浆所需时间小于使用螺旋叶片式过冷解除装置,因此,本文所提出的方案具有更高的制冰效率。
根据上述试验结果可知,NaCl溶液浓度在7%以下时,所制取的冰浆含冰率较低;NaCl溶液浓度超过7%后,进一步提高NaCl浓度反而不利于提高冰浆含冰率。因此,选择7%NaCl溶液,在二次冷媒起始温度-15 ℃和刮片转速200 r/min运行工况不变的条件下,改变溶液流量进行制冰试验,其结果如图6、图7所示。从图6可以看出,在不同NaCl溶液流量工况下,随着持续制冰时间的增加,蓄冰槽内的冰浆含冰率均呈现对数增长,在持续制冰40 min后,蓄冰槽内的冰浆含冰率均趋于饱和,因此,选择持续制冰40 min后蓄冰槽中含冰率为性能评价指标。对比不同溶液流量条件下40 min后的冰浆含冰率发现,随着制冰溶液流量的增加,冰浆含冰率呈现下降趋势,且降幅不断增大,NaCl溶液流量为0.25 m3/h时所产生的冰浆含冰率最大,为18.2%。产生这一现象的原因:制冰溶液在循环过程中,会通过阀门、水泵、流量计等无法做到完全隔热的部件,从而损失冷量;随着制冰溶液流量增大,冷量耗散也将增加,使得相同制冰时间条件下的冰浆含冰率降低。这一原因同样影响了产生冰浆所需时间(见图7)。随着制冰溶液流量增加,形成可观测冰浆的时间节点从15.3 min逐渐增大至16.45 min,且增幅也有增大趋势。
水分子在溶液中的结晶过程要求足够的相变驱动力,溶液的过冷度提供了这一驱动力。采用7%NaCl溶液,控制制冰溶液流量0.5 m³/h、刮片转速200 r/min的条件不变,改变二次冷媒起始温度进行制冰试验,其结果如图8、图9所示。从图8可以看出,随着进入制冰系统的二次冷媒起始温度下降,冰浆含冰率发生了显著提升。这是由于在制冰过程中,二次冷媒的起始温度越低,与制冰溶液间的温差越大,冰晶成核的推动力就越大,冰晶的生成量随之增加。当冷媒起始温度下降至-21 ℃时,持续制冰40 min后,冰浆含冰率达到了本次试验所有工况下的最高值21.6%。同时,制冰溶液与二次冷媒之间的温差不仅影响冰晶的生成过程,还会对制冰溶液的降温过程产生影响。从图9可以看出,随着二次冷媒起始温度降低,产生可观测冰浆所需时间逐渐缩短,但降幅逐渐减小。这是由于二次冷媒起始温度越低,与外界的换热量越大,间接导致二次冷媒冷却能力下降。
通过试验还可以发现,由于刮片式过冷解除装置的存在,大幅增加的冰晶生成量并不会堵塞过冷却器,持续制冰时间仍可超过40 min。
刮片转速的快慢直接影响对流强化传热及冰晶成核机械扰动的强度。以刮片转速作为变量,取7%NaCl溶液,在制冰溶液流量0.5 m3/h、二次冷媒起始温度-15 ℃的工况下进行试验,其结果如图10、图11所示。当刮片转速为150,175 r/min时,冰浆制取系统在持续制冰仅24 min后即发生冰堵,最终蓄冰槽内含冰率也仅为10.4%和9.9%。分析原因是过冷却器内冷、热流体的温差沿着制冰溶液的流动方向逐渐增大,在过冷却器末端达到最大,此处冰晶大量生成;同时,当刮片转速过低时,换热壁面生成的冰晶无法及时刮除,冰晶大量堆积,最终堵塞过冷却器。
刮片转速增至200 r/min后,持续制冰时间恢复正常水平,且持续制冰40 min后冰浆内的含冰率达到17.3%。继续增加刮片转速至225 r/min及250 r/min,蓄冰槽内冰浆含冰率出现下降趋势,分别仅为14.7%和11.4%。这是由于刮片式过冷解除装置在刮除壁面冰晶时,会与换热壁面摩擦产生热量。当刮片转速合适时,刮片的机械运动对强化传热的积极作用明显;随着刮片转速升高,剧烈摩擦产生的热量将抵消这一作用的效果,影响了冰晶的生成量。
以上分析同样解释了图11中刮片转速对产生冰浆所需时间的影响。当刮片转速增加时,产生冰浆所需时间先减少、后增大,在刮片转速为200 r/min时,产生冰浆所需时间最小,为15.55 min。
根据试验测得的冰浆含冰率和持续制冰时间计算出不同工况下的制冰效率,结果见表3。可以看出,本制冰系统的制冰效率在1.40~3.48 kg/h之间,在NaCl溶液浓度7%、二次冷媒起始温度-21 ℃、制冰溶液流量0.5 m³/h、刮片转速200 r/min工况条件下,制冰效率达到最高。虽然与配套螺旋叶片式过冷解除装置的冰浆制取系统相比,配套刮片式过冷解除装置的制冰系统单位时间制冰效率缩小了4.7~19.7倍,但由于持续制冰时间基本可保持在40 min以上,相较螺旋叶片式过冷解除装置增加了4.6~72.7倍[28]。考虑到持续制冰时间是实现动态制冰的关键评价指标,因此可认为配套刮片式过冷解除装置冰浆制取系统更具实际应用价值。
(1)冰浆含冰率普遍随着持续制冰时间的增加而增大,但增长速率逐渐降低,均在持续制冰40 min后趋于稳定。
(2)在相同持续制冰时间下,NaCl溶液浓度高于7%时,系统制冰性能较其他浓度条件下更优;制冰溶液流量越小,制冰系统产出的冰浆含冰率越高,产生冰浆所需时间越短;二次冷媒起始温度越低,制冰过程稳定后的冰浆含冰率越高,产生可观测冰浆所需时间越短;刮片转速过低时,系统容易产生冰堵,转速太高又影响冰晶产量,当刮片转速为200 r/min时,制冰效果最好,冰浆含冰率达到17.3%,产生冰浆所需时间降至15.55 min。
(3)本冰浆制取系统的持续制冰时间基本可维持在40 min,冰浆含冰率最高可达21.6%;相比于螺旋叶片式过冷解除装置,刮片式过冷解除装置的持续制冰时间增加了4.6~72.7倍。

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2025年第53卷第9期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.09.001
  • 接收时间:2024-11-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-09-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-30
  • 修回日期:2025-08-25
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    1福州大学 化工学院,福州 350116
    2福建雪人集团股份有限公司,福州 350217
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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