Article(id=1319293303963632320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1319293303430955712, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.08.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735142400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-26, revisedDate=1752595200000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792473634949, onlineDateStr=2026-10-20, pubDate=1756483200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792473634949, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792473634949, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792473634949, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319293303430955712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2025', volume='53', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1756483200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792473634822, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792473634822, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=86, endPage=93, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319293304127210177, articleId=1319293303963632320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Effect of clearance adjustment at volute tongue region on noise in multi‑wing centrifugal fans, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the efficiency reduction caused by clearance backflow at the volute tongue of a double‑suction multi‑wing centrifugal fan,a clearance adjustment control structure unit is proposed.This unit is installed on the front and rear cover plates of the volute near the volute tongue to achieve clearance adjustment.By adding structural units of different thicknesses to adjust the clearance,numerical analysis methods are used to simulate the internal flow field of the fan under different clearances.The effectiveness of the clearance adjustment is verified through aerodynamic performance and noise tests of the fan.The results show that the clearance adjustment unit can effectively reduce backflow at the volute tongue,improve the static pressure recovery capability of the volute,and ameliorate the backflow state at the impeller front shroud.It also enhances the axial distribution uniformity of the annular flow rate at the impeller outlet,thereby increasing the impeller work efficiency.However,when the axial thickness of clearance adjustment unit is excessive,it aggravates impact at the volute tongue,leading to a noise increase of 4.8 dB.When the axial thicknesses of the two clearance adjustment units are equal to the axial distances between the impeller front and rear shrouds and the volute front and rear cover plates,respectively,the measured noise can be reduced by 0.7 dB,the maximum air volume increased by 0.8 m3/min,and the efficiency improved by nearly 2%.This study provides a theoretical basis and engineering practice reference for the aerodynamic performance optimization and low‑noise design of multi‑wing centrifugal fans.

, authors=Ningfang YIN1, Xubin CHEN2, 3, Yanhui WANG2, Tiancong HU1, Jun WANG1, Xuna SHI2, Xiaopei YANG4, authorsList=Ningfang YIN, Xubin CHEN, Yanhui WANG, Tiancong HU, Jun WANG, Xuna SHI, Xiaopei YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jun WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319293308753527518, articleId=1319293303963632320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=蜗舌区间隙调节对多翼离心风机噪声的影响, columnId=1317484300472271469, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=应用技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对双吸多翼离心风机蜗舌处间隙回流导致效率降低的问题,提出一种间隙调节控制结构单元,安装在蜗舌近端的蜗壳前盖板和后盖板上,实现间隙调节。通过增加不同厚度的结构单元实现间隙调节,采用数值分析方法对不同间隙下的风机内部流场进行仿真分析,并通过风机气动性能和噪声试验验证了间隙调节的效果。结果表明,采用间隙调节单元能有效减小蜗舌处的回流,并提高改善蜗壳静压恢复能力,同时改善叶轮前盘的回流状态,提高叶轮出口环面流量的轴向分布均匀性,从而提升叶轮做功效率;间隙调节单元轴向过厚时,会加剧蜗舌处冲击,从而导致噪声上升4.8 dB;在2个间隙调节单元轴向厚度分别与叶轮前、后盘与蜗壳前、后盖板的轴向间距相等时,实测噪声可降低0.7 dB,最大风量提升0.8 m3/min,效率提高近2%。研究可为多翼离心风机的气动性能优化与低噪声设计提供理论依据和工程实践参考。

, authors=殷宁芳1, 陈旭斌2, 3, 王艳辉2, 胡天聪1, 王军1, 施旭娜2, 杨筱沛4, authorsList=殷宁芳, 陈旭斌, 王艳辉, 胡天聪, 王军, 施旭娜, 杨筱沛, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王军, authorNote=

殷宁芳(1996),女,硕士研究生,主要从事多翼离心风机优化方向研究,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=
王军(1963),男,教授,主要从事流体机械内流特性及稳定性方向研究,通信地址:430047湖北省武汉市华中科技大学能源与动力工程学院,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=joaXBbk/R8Uf39AAqK+isw==, magXml=e+DtEmnhxswVwN5coxnHmA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=hMqDmM+x6+cJ6RQoKpYZBw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=pVvX/hneGMKakNB6i42FSg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1319293309437199084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293303963632320, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2629259371@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293309521085166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293303963632320, authorId=1319293309437199084, language=EN, stringName=Ningfang YIN, firstName=Ningfang, middleName=null, lastName=YIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Energy and Power Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430047,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293309600776943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293303963632320, authorId=1319293309437199084, language=CN, stringName=殷宁芳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1华中科技大学 能源与动力工程学院,武汉 430047, bio={"content":"

殷宁芳(1996),女,硕士研究生,主要从事多翼离心风机优化方向研究,E-mail:。

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殷宁芳(1996),女,硕士研究生,主要从事多翼离心风机优化方向研究,E-mail:。

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(a)蜗舌处回流占总流量之比 (b)叶轮效率 (c)蜗壳内能量转换能力对比

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(a)δ/δ0=0  (b)δ/δ0=1  (c)δ/δ0=2  (d)δ/δ0=4  (e)δ/δ0=7.3

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Comparison of fan performance test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
δ/δ0工作工况电机某固定档位时的最大风量工况 Qmax=15 m³/minn=982 r/min
L/dBn/(r·min-1) Qmax/(m³·min-1) Lpm¯/dBn/(r·min-1) Lpm¯/dBn/(r·min-1) Lpm¯/dB
063.998238.461.41 15038.644457.3
163.396639.260.71 12837.944457.1
7.363.493338.666.21 14041.945058.7
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风机性能试验结果对比

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δ/δ0工作工况电机某固定档位时的最大风量工况 Qmax=15 m³/minn=982 r/min
L/dBn/(r·min-1) Qmax/(m³·min-1) Lpm¯/dBn/(r·min-1) Lpm¯/dBn/(r·min-1) Lpm¯/dB
063.998238.461.41 15038.644457.3
163.396639.260.71 12837.944457.1
7.363.493338.666.21 14041.945058.7
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蜗舌区间隙调节对多翼离心风机噪声的影响
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殷宁芳 1 , 陈旭斌 2, 3 , 王艳辉 2 , 胡天聪 1 , 王军 1 , 施旭娜 2 , 杨筱沛 4
流体机械 | 应用技术 2025,53(8): 86-93
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流体机械 |应用技术 2025 , 53 (8) : 86 -93
蜗舌区间隙调节对多翼离心风机噪声的影响
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殷宁芳1 , 陈旭斌2, 3, 王艳辉2, 胡天聪1, 王军1 , 施旭娜2, 杨筱沛4
作者信息
  • 1华中科技大学 能源与动力工程学院,武汉 430047
  • 2宁波方太厨具有限公司,浙江 宁波 315336
  • 3健康智慧厨房浙江省工程研究中心,浙江 宁波 315336
  • 4苏州市职业大学 机电工程学院,江苏 苏州 215104
通讯作者:
王军(1963),男,教授,主要从事流体机械内流特性及稳定性方向研究,通信地址:430047湖北省武汉市华中科技大学能源与动力工程学院,E-mail:。
作者简介:

殷宁芳(1996),女,硕士研究生,主要从事多翼离心风机优化方向研究,E-mail:。

Effect of clearance adjustment at volute tongue region on noise in multi‑wing centrifugal fans
Ningfang YIN1 , Xubin CHEN2, 3, Yanhui WANG2, Tiancong HU1, Jun WANG1 , Xuna SHI2, Xiaopei YANG4
Affiliations
  • 1School of Energy and Power Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430047,China
  • 2Ningbo Fotile Kitchenware Co.,Ltd.,Ningbo 315336,China
  • 3Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy and Smart Kitchen,Ningbo 315336,China
  • 4School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Suzhou Vocational University,Suzhou 215104,China
出版时间: 2025-08-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.08.011
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针对双吸多翼离心风机蜗舌处间隙回流导致效率降低的问题,提出一种间隙调节控制结构单元,安装在蜗舌近端的蜗壳前盖板和后盖板上,实现间隙调节。通过增加不同厚度的结构单元实现间隙调节,采用数值分析方法对不同间隙下的风机内部流场进行仿真分析,并通过风机气动性能和噪声试验验证了间隙调节的效果。结果表明,采用间隙调节单元能有效减小蜗舌处的回流,并提高改善蜗壳静压恢复能力,同时改善叶轮前盘的回流状态,提高叶轮出口环面流量的轴向分布均匀性,从而提升叶轮做功效率;间隙调节单元轴向过厚时,会加剧蜗舌处冲击,从而导致噪声上升4.8 dB;在2个间隙调节单元轴向厚度分别与叶轮前、后盘与蜗壳前、后盖板的轴向间距相等时,实测噪声可降低0.7 dB,最大风量提升0.8 m3/min,效率提高近2%。研究可为多翼离心风机的气动性能优化与低噪声设计提供理论依据和工程实践参考。

双吸多翼离心风机  /  间隙调节单元  /  轴向调节  /  气动性能  /  降噪

To address the efficiency reduction caused by clearance backflow at the volute tongue of a double‑suction multi‑wing centrifugal fan,a clearance adjustment control structure unit is proposed.This unit is installed on the front and rear cover plates of the volute near the volute tongue to achieve clearance adjustment.By adding structural units of different thicknesses to adjust the clearance,numerical analysis methods are used to simulate the internal flow field of the fan under different clearances.The effectiveness of the clearance adjustment is verified through aerodynamic performance and noise tests of the fan.The results show that the clearance adjustment unit can effectively reduce backflow at the volute tongue,improve the static pressure recovery capability of the volute,and ameliorate the backflow state at the impeller front shroud.It also enhances the axial distribution uniformity of the annular flow rate at the impeller outlet,thereby increasing the impeller work efficiency.However,when the axial thickness of clearance adjustment unit is excessive,it aggravates impact at the volute tongue,leading to a noise increase of 4.8 dB.When the axial thicknesses of the two clearance adjustment units are equal to the axial distances between the impeller front and rear shrouds and the volute front and rear cover plates,respectively,the measured noise can be reduced by 0.7 dB,the maximum air volume increased by 0.8 m3/min,and the efficiency improved by nearly 2%.This study provides a theoretical basis and engineering practice reference for the aerodynamic performance optimization and low‑noise design of multi‑wing centrifugal fans.

double‑suction multi‑wing centrifugal fan  /  clearance adjustment unit  /  axial adjustment  /  aerodynamic performance  /  noise reduction
殷宁芳, 陈旭斌, 王艳辉, 胡天聪, 王军, 施旭娜, 杨筱沛. 蜗舌区间隙调节对多翼离心风机噪声的影响. 流体机械, 2025 , 53 (8) : 86 -93 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.08.011
Ningfang YIN, Xubin CHEN, Yanhui WANG, Tiancong HU, Jun WANG, Xuna SHI, Xiaopei YANG. Effect of clearance adjustment at volute tongue region on noise in multi‑wing centrifugal fans[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2025 , 53 (8) : 86 -93 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.08.011
吸油烟机作为现代厨房中不可或缺的设备,其核心部件——多翼离心风机的性能直接影响整机的工作效率与用户体验。随着人们对生活品质要求的提高,风机的高效率、低噪声设计成为研发的重点。近年来,国内外研究者针对优化蜗壳与叶轮之间的相互作用,除了叶轮本身,对蜗壳进行了大量研究。例如,研究不同的蜗壳型线设计方法优化气流路径,以减少湍流和涡旋现象,从而显著提升风机的气动性能和效率[1];肖美娜等[2]分析了蜗壳局部切割对风机性能的影响;李晓芳[3]提出倾斜程度适当的轴向或周向倾斜蜗壳能提升风机全压,降低风机蜗壳近场和远场声压。
蜗舌的形态设计,如倾斜蜗舌、阶梯蜗舌和仿生蜗舌等,也对风机性能的提升起到了重要作用。RUI等[4]研究发现,随着蜗舌半径的增大,蜗壳与叶轮径向间隙减小,风机静压增大,远场噪声增大;董豪炳等[5]建议最优蜗舌位置及蜗舌半径分别为70°和叶轮外径的4.5%,蜗舌与叶轮径向间隙应取叶轮外径的5.4%;吴童等[6]通过改变蜗舌倾角降低蜗舌处气流冲击,实测噪声降低0.23 dB。李栋等[7]设计了阶梯蜗舌型线,发现改进设计能够减少气流对蜗舌的冲击;WU等[8]针对长耳猫头鹰机翼前缘不光滑的特点,设计了带波浪前缘的仿生蜗舌,可降低离心风机的气动噪声;黄恩德等[9]研究表明,带微缝板、穿孔板和空腔的耦合仿生蜗舌能降低0.5~2.5 dB的离心通风机噪声。徐韧等[10]等通过优化叶片进出口角、倾斜蜗舌的最大蜗舌半径等改善了风机的综合性能。
蜗壳与叶轮相对位置的调整也是影响风机性能的关键因素。蒲晓敏等[11]和方挺等[12]分别研究了叶轮与蜗壳轴向与径向相对位置对风机性能的影响。此外,也有学者在蜗壳壁面增加不同的内壁结构以优化风机性能,顾昭阳等[13]通过在蜗壳侧壁特定区域增加整流片,有效破碎蜗壳内大尺度涡旋,并削弱出口回流范围及强度噪声;叶丰等[14]在蜗壳环面设计了防涡片结构,使叶轮主进气流更接近叶轮根部,实测降低噪声1 dB。WANG等[15]提出了在蜗壳上螺旋面或两个侧向面安装一种综合了吸声材料和微孔板的新型低频宽带吸声结构,主要抑制和吸收2 000 Hz以下的宽低频辐射噪声。
这些优化策略取得了一定成果,但通过局部调节蜗舌附近蜗壳与叶轮间隙,以优化多翼离心风机气流路径并降低噪声的研究仍较为有限。本文在蜗舌附近贴合蜗壳壁面的位置设计一种间隙单元结构,实现间隙调节控制,通过试验和数值模拟结合,探索该结构间隙调节结构单元对气动性能和噪声的影响机理,旨在为多翼离心风机的性能优化与噪声控制提供试验与分析依据。
研究基于某吸油烟机用双吸前向多翼离心风机,其结构如图1所示。风机的关键几何参数为:叶轮轮径比D1/D2=0.881(D1为叶轮内径,D2为叶轮外径),叶片进口角β1=72.2°,出口角β2=173.2°,叶片数Z=66,蜗舌与叶轮间隙s=16.8 mm,叶轮厚度b=145 mm,蜗壳厚度B=164 mm。
由于风机为双吸结构,因此,在蜗壳前盖板和后盖板分别布置了间隙调节单元,结构见图2。
考虑叶轮在动态运行时的避让需求,间隙调节件与叶轮之间至少保证8 mm的安全间距。间隙调节单元的主要参数包括角度θ=30°,径向厚度t=8 mm,以及z轴方向厚度δ,前、后2个间隙调节单元的厚度分别为δf和δb。记叶轮前盘与蜗壳前盖板的轴向间距为δ1,叶轮后盘与蜗壳后盖板的轴向间距为δ2,合称为叶轮与蜗壳轴向总间隙δ0。为研究调节件轴向厚度比例δ/δ0对风机性能的影响规律,设置了不同厚度的调节结构(δ/δ0=δf/δ1=δb/δ2=1,2,4,7.3,当δf/δ1=δb/δ2=7.3时,δf+δb=B)展开研究。
采用Fluent软件进行数值计算,介质为理想不可压气体,湍流模型采用SST k-ω模型,不考虑重力和热量的影响。压力-速度耦合方式选用SIMPLE算法,湍流耗散、湍动能和动量方程的空间离散格式均采用二阶迎风格式。旋转区域设置为多重参考坐标系模型。原型机工作工况点时转速n=982 r/min,风量为12 m³/min,工作工况下静压仿真计算的边界条件为:流量进口、压力出口。最大风量点的仿真计算边界条件为:压力进口、压力出口。静压及最大风量的计算结果的波动在5%以内时,认为计算收敛。
为更好地控制各部分网格的疏密,网格划分时,将整个流域分为5个区域,分别为进口段、进气腔、叶轮域、蜗壳域和出口段,各区域通过交接面连接。对进气腔中的油滤网和电机进行简化,并舍去叶轮中盘以便建模。为提供稳定的入流和出流条件,对进口进行扩大处理,从而模拟自由进气状态;而在出口域,则将风机出风口进行延长。静止区域采用非结构化网格,叶轮域采用六面体结构化网格,风机流域及网格模型如图3所示。
对风机静压和最大风量皆在网格数为2×106~9×106范围内做了网格无关性验证,如图4所示,当网格数量Nmesh超过4×106时,对风机静压和最大风量的仿真结果趋于一致,与试验测试测得的数据误差不超过4%,仿真方法计算结果具有一定的可靠性。综合考虑计算资源和仿真准确性,最终选择Nmesh=4×106。
图5示出吸油烟机气动性能和噪声试验台,风机气动性能试验按照GB/T 17713—2022《吸油烟机》附录A外排式吸油烟机空气性能试验方法进行测试〔见图5(a)〕。风机进风口处于自由空间,出风口与试验台相连。通过更换测试台出口不同直径节流孔板来调节风机运行工况。
风机半消声室噪声按照GB/T 17713—2022附录B的方法进行试验。设置了6个测点,装置安装如图5(b)所示,各测点声压级平均值由所测得的声压级数据按下式进行计算:
Lpm¯=10lg1N∑i=1N100.1Lpi
式中,Lpm¯为各测点或测量表面的平均声压级,dB;N为总测点数;Lpi为从第i个测点测得的声压,dB。
在半消声室可测得不同测点的噪声值和各测点声压级平均值,以及各测点噪声频谱图,以协助分析噪声变化特征。
叶轮通过频率按下式进行计算:
f=inZ/60
式中,i为谐波序号,取1,2,3,…;n为转速,r/min;Z为叶片数。
风机工作噪声按照GB/T 17713—2022附录C的方法进行试验,装置安装如图5(c)所示,模拟实际在厨房中使用油烟机的场景,噪声测点安装位置模拟人耳的接收位置。试验过程中,确保试验室背景噪声低于40 dB且与器具噪声测定值的差大于10 dB。
增加间隙调节单元后,风机工作工况静压和最大风量的仿真计算结果如图6所示。
从图可以看出,增加间隙调节单元能够有效提升风机的工作静压和最大风量。且随着间隙调节单元轴向相对厚度比例δ/δ0的增加,风机工作工况静压Ps和最大风量Qmax上升,在δ/δ0=7.3时达到最大,工作静压提升32 Pa,最大风量提升0.4 m³/min。
不同间隙调节单元对蜗舌处回流及叶轮与蜗壳能量转换能力的影响如图7所示,图中,λ为蜗舌处回流占总流量的比值,即λ=Qleak,ws/Qt,Qleak,ws为蜗舌与叶轮间隙处的回流流量,Qt多翼离心风机的工作总流量。如图7(a)所示,随着间隙调节单元相对厚度比例的增加,蜗舌处的回流量逐渐减小。蜗壳全压损失系数Kp、蜗壳静压恢复系数Cp和叶轮效率ηimp是分析风机能量转换过程关键的3个参数。从图7(b)可以看出,随着间隙调节单元厚度比例δ/δ0的增大,叶轮效率先增加后减小。与原型机相比,δ/δ0=1,2,4时,叶轮效率略有提升。如图7(c)所示,随着间隙调节单元的增加,可能由于壁面不光滑导致了额外的冲击损失,Kp平均上升2%,但Cp值较原型机有所增大。
图8示出在不同间隙调节单元下,多翼离心风机蜗舌附近的静压云图。间隙调节单元有效地阻碍了蜗舌与叶轮之间的间隙回流,从而减少了回流在蜗舌表面引起的分离现象,进而减小了图中区域1的低压区范围。区域2处显示蜗舌表面高压区的压力值有所下降。对于迎接间隙回流的表面(区域3),由于回流受到阻碍,高压区在此表面形成,并且随着间隙调节结构厚度的增加,高压区的面积也相应增大。随着间隙调节单元轴向比例δ/δ0的增加,蜗舌表面高压驻点压力值降低,整个蜗舌表面的压力分布更加趋于平缓。
图9示出叶轮出口环面流量的轴向分布。将叶轮出口环面沿z轴方向等分为10个部分,并按顺序从最靠近叶轮后盘的环面开始编号,编号从1开始。将第m个叶轮出口环面的流量Qimp,out,m与风机的总流量Qt的比值定义为叶轮出口环面流量比,记作λimp,out=Qimp,out,m/Qt。
原型机的叶轮出口流量主要集中在靠近叶轮后盘的区域,而叶轮前盘一侧在m=9和m=10环面上,叶轮出口呈现回流现象。随着间隙调节单元轴向厚度比例δ/δ0的增加,叶轮出口的主流逐渐从叶轮后盘区域向中段移动;与此同时,叶轮前盘的回流现象明显减弱。尤其在m=10时,回流状态略有减少;而在m=9时,叶轮出口的回流现象已改善为正常出流。根据环面流量方差分析,增加间隙调节单元后,叶轮出口的流量轴向分布更加均匀,且在δ/δ0=1时,叶轮出口流量的轴向分布最为均匀。
在不同间隙调节单元下,叶轮出口的径向速度矢量云图如图10所示。横轴为叶轮周向角度,其中,108°为蜗舌所在的角度;纵轴为相对于蜗壳的轴向位置z/B,以蜗壳后盖板为原始点。蜗壳出口区域为高速出流区域,部分气流从蜗舌与叶轮间隙回流至蜗壳内;由于蜗舌阻碍,部分气流在蜗舌上游从叶轮出口回流至叶轮进口。当δ/δ0=1时,叶轮出口环面蜗舌上游回流区减小,随着间隙调节单元轴向厚度比例δ/δ0的增大,蜗舌处回流受到阻碍,从而在δ/δ0>1时,蜗舌上游的叶轮出口回流区有所增加。但在叶轮出口环面,随着间隙调节单元轴向厚度的增加,由于蜗舌处回流逐渐减少,在0°~108°蜗舌下游区域回流区也逐渐减少。
不同间隙调节单元下蜗壳截面A-A的s1区域的速度矢量图如图11所示。
增加间隙调节单元后,阻止了叶轮出口气流向风轮和蜗壳间隙区域1的移动,在集流器与叶轮前盘环绕的区域1形成低速区;有效减少区域1向区域2的的间隙回流,而此回流会与进口主流掺混,增加主流的轴向速度;同时,由于区域2的进口气流与从集流器和叶轮间隙泄漏的气流掺混减少,进口气流轴向速度分量降低,气流更容易拐进叶道,从而改善了蜗舌附近叶轮前盘的进气条件,并提升了蜗舌附近叶轮前盘的做功能力。且随着间隙调节单元相对厚度比例δ/δ0的增加,区域1形成的低速区面积也增加。
由于吸油烟机使用的是交流电机,运行转速并不统一,为分析风机的性能曲线和固定转速的噪声和性能特性,根据原型机在模拟厨房环境的工作工况的运行转速n=982 r/min,进行固定转速噪声和性能曲线的测试。间隙调节单元δ/δ0=1和δ/δ0=7.3与原型机的试验数据对比见表1,包括吸油烟机的工作工况噪声L,电机某固定档位下的最大风量Qmax及半消声噪声Lpm¯〔按照式(1)进行计算〕,固定最大风量为15 m³/min时的半消声噪声Lpm¯及n=982 r/min时的半消声噪声Lpm¯。
相较于原型机δ/δ0=0,增加δ/δ0=1的间隙调节单元时,噪声和最大风量皆得到优化,工作噪声L下降0.6 dB;电机固定档位下的最大风量上升0.8 m³/min,且噪声下降0.7 dB;固定Qmax=15 m³/min时,噪声下降0.7 dB;n=982 r/min时噪声下降0.2 dB。相较于原型机δ/δ0=0,增加δ/δ0=7.3的间隙调节单元时,最大风量几乎不变,噪声明显恶化,工作噪声L下降0.5 dB(但测试过程中,厨房管道出口有啸叫声,分析原因为风机出口速度较大造成);最大风量工况下风量上升0.2 m³/min,而噪声上升4.8 dB,Qmax=15 m³/min时噪声上升3.3 dB,n=982 r/min时噪声上升1.4 dB。
综合最大风量和噪声,间隙调节单元轴向相对厚度δ/δ0=1时风机性能最佳,但是间隙调节单元轴向相对厚度过大(δ/δ0=7.3)会严重恶化噪声。
在定转速n=982 r/min下,风机在测量半消声噪声时不同测点位置〔见图5(b)〕的噪声Lpi分布如图12所示。原型机除了距离风机更近的1,2,3号测点的噪声较高,正对风机的6号测点的噪声也偏高,而距离出风管道更近的4号测点噪声高于5号测点。δ/δ0=1时,在1,2,5,6号测点的噪声值较原型机有小幅下降,表现出良好的降噪效果,表明该方案对噪声的控制具有一定优化作用。δ/δ0=7.3时,噪声值普遍高于原型机,尤其是在1,4,5号测点出现大幅上升。这种现象可能与过厚的间隙调节单元设计导致蜗舌部位脉动增强有关。
由于1号测点最接近用户操作油烟机时的耳部位置,其噪声水平直接影响用户的使用体验。因此,特别对1号测点的噪声频谱进行分析,如图13所示。从图可见,在δ/δ0=1时,噪声值在低频范围(50~256 Hz)内下降,可能是由于叶轮流动轴向分布更均匀及叶轮前盘回流的减少。在δ/δ0=7.3时,由于间隙调节单元的轴向比例过大,蜗舌处的气流冲击增加,噪声在叶轮通过频率的基频1 000 Hz和二次谐波2 000 Hz范围有明显增加〔按照式(2),n=982 r/min时叶轮通过频率为1 080 Hz〕。
综合分析,间隙调节单元轴向比例δ/δ0=1时,在大多数测点位置表现出较优的降噪效果,且在1号测点附近能够有效降低低频噪声。相比之下,δ/δ0=7.3时因其轴向设计较厚,导致蜗舌处冲击显著增加,不仅未能改善噪声,反而在基频及二次谐波段引发较严重的噪声恶化。
在n=982 r/min时,δ/δ0=0与δ/δ0=1风机流量-静压曲线及流量-效率曲线对比如图14所示。相比于原型机,δ/δ0=1时静压在6~15 m³/min流量范围内有3%左右的提升,并且最大风量提高了0.4 m³/min;效率在流量大于10 m³/min时提升了约2个百分点。
(1)随着间隙调节单元厚度比例δ/δ0增加,蜗舌与叶轮之间的回流基本呈线性减少,导致叶轮出口回流在蜗舌上游先减少后增加;在蜗舌下游回流持续减少。
(2)间隙调节单元的增加改善了原型机叶轮前盘的回流状态,叶轮出口主流从叶轮后盘往叶轮中段分散,改善了叶轮流量轴向分布的均匀性,叶轮做功效率随着δ/δ0的增大先增加后减小;蜗壳将动压转换为静压的能力上升。
(3)间隙调节单元轴向厚度比例过高,即δ/δ0=7.3时,蜗舌处气流冲击加强噪声恶化,最大风量几乎不变而噪声上升4.8 dB。而间隙调节单元轴向厚度比例δ/δ0=1时,可降低噪声0.7 dB并提升最大风量0.8 m³/min。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.08.011
  • 接收时间:2024-12-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-08-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-26
  • 修回日期:2025-07-16
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    1华中科技大学 能源与动力工程学院,武汉 430047
    2宁波方太厨具有限公司,浙江 宁波 315336
    3健康智慧厨房浙江省工程研究中心,浙江 宁波 315336
    4苏州市职业大学 机电工程学院,江苏 苏州 215104

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王军(1963),男,教授,主要从事流体机械内流特性及稳定性方向研究,通信地址:430047湖北省武汉市华中科技大学能源与动力工程学院,E-mail:。
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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
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