Article(id=1319293210455822509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1319293151651676781, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.05.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715616000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-14, revisedDate=1734451200000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792473612655, onlineDateStr=2026-10-20, pubDate=1748534400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792473612655, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792473612655, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792473612655, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319293151651676781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2025', volume='53', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748534400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792473598634, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792473598634, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=48, endPage=55, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319293210640371886, articleId=1319293210455822509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Study on the effect of particles on dynamic wear and aerodynamic performance of fans airfoils, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the problem of reduced ventilation efficiency due to wear and tear caused by dust particles eroding the blade surface in dusty environments,this paper carries out a study on the dynamic prediction of erosion and wear of axial fan airfoil segments.By simulating the erosion process of the three‑dimensional airfoil section of the fan under the action of gas-solid two‑phase flow,the dynamic evolution process of dust particles eroding the surface of the straight airfoil section was studied,and the changes in the wear morphology of the airfoil surface under different incoming flow velocity conditions and their effects on aerodynamic performance were analyzed.The research results show that with the progress of erosion time,the cumulative effect of erosion and wear on the leading edge of the airfoil surface is significant,the degree of wear of particles on the airfoil surface gradually increases,and the depth of erosion pits continues to increase.When the relative velocity between dust and the airfoil surface is 25 m/s and the erosion time reaches 80 h,the maximum erosion depth on the airfoil surface approaches 1 mm.The change in the wear morphology of the airfoil surface causes fluctuations in the pressure coefficient and disorder in the static pressure on the airfoil surface.In addition,with the increase in incoming flow velocity,the position where flow separation occurs on the suction surface gradually moves backward,and the flow in the near‑wall region tends to be unstable.The research results can provide a scientific basis for the optimization of fan design and the improvement of its durability in harsh environments.

, authors=Deshun LI1, 2, 3, Shilin QIANG1, authorsList=Deshun LI, Shilin QIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319293216315265222, articleId=1319293210455822509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=颗粒速度对风机翼段动态磨损及气动性能影响研究, columnId=1317484287230853622, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=设计计算, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对含尘环境下灰尘颗粒冲蚀叶片表面造成磨损后导致通风效率下降的问题,开展了轴流风机翼段冲蚀磨损动态预测的研究。通过模拟风机三维翼段在气固两相流作用下的冲蚀过程,研究了灰尘颗粒冲蚀直翼段表面的动态演化过程,并分析了不同来流速度工况下翼段表面磨损形貌变化情况及其对气动性能的影响。研究结果表明:随着冲蚀时间的推进,翼段表面前缘的冲蚀磨损累积效应显著,颗粒对翼段表面的磨损程度逐渐加剧,冲蚀小坑的深度不断增加,当灰尘和翼段表面相对速度为25 m/s、冲蚀时间达到80 h时,翼段表面最大冲蚀深度接近1 mm,翼段表面磨损形貌的变化引起了翼段表面压力系数的波动和静压力的紊乱。此外,随着来流速度的增加,吸力面发生流动分离的位置逐渐后移,近壁区流动趋向不稳定。研究成果可为风机设计的优化和提高其在恶劣环境下的耐用性提供科学依据。

, authors=李德顺1, 2, 3, 强仕林1, authorsList=李德顺, 强仕林, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

李德顺(1980),男,教授,博士,主要从事气固两相流及其磨损方面的研究,通信地址:730050甘肃省兰州市七里河区兰工坪路287号兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=eghIa+cgbOt617kBuAdSBQ==, magXml=zb+vc9JKUO5jcfMpglDjmA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=FT1RoCmrewc8J10insJEZg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=2n3VNwPgCkp1yCEILP5qdg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1319293218412417234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293210455822509, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=lideshun_8510@sina.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293218542440662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293210455822509, authorId=1319293218412417234, language=EN, stringName=Deshun LI, firstName=Deshun, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1College of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China
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李德顺(1980),男,教授,博士,主要从事气固两相流及其磨损方面的研究,通信地址:730050甘肃省兰州市七里河区兰工坪路287号兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,E-mail:。

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李德顺(1980),男,教授,博士,主要从事气固两相流及其磨损方面的研究,通信地址:730050甘肃省兰州市七里河区兰工坪路287号兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,E-mail:。

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(a)几何模型  (b)网格划分

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label=Tab.1, caption=

Data related to GFRP materials

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物性参数数值
密度/(kg⋅m-3)1.8
抗拉强度/MPa262
抗压强度/MPa448
抗弯强度/MPa448
弯曲模量/GPa16.5
吸水率0.1%~0.15%
硬度/GPa1.2~1.8
), ArticleFig(id=1319293223026151684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293210455822509, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

GFRP材料相关数据

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物性参数数值
密度/(kg⋅m-3)1.8
抗拉强度/MPa262
抗压强度/MPa448
抗弯强度/MPa448
弯曲模量/GPa16.5
吸水率0.1%~0.15%
硬度/GPa1.2~1.8
), ArticleFig(id=1319293223093260549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293210455822509, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Wall grid size selection and erosion depth error

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壁面网格尺寸/mm冲蚀深度误差/%
0.118.6
0.211.5
0.31.8
0.47.8
), ArticleFig(id=1319293223156175110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293210455822509, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

壁面网格尺寸选取和冲蚀深度误差

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壁面网格尺寸/mm冲蚀深度误差/%
0.118.6
0.211.5
0.31.8
0.47.8
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颗粒速度对风机翼段动态磨损及气动性能影响研究
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李德顺 1, 2, 3 , 强仕林 1
流体机械 | 设计计算 2025,53(5): 48-55
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流体机械 |设计计算 2025 , 53 (5) : 48 -55
颗粒速度对风机翼段动态磨损及气动性能影响研究
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2Wind Turbine Engineering Technology Research Center of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730050,China
3Gansu Key Laboratory of Fluid Machinery and Systems,Lanzhou 730050,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293218622132440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293210455822509, authorId=1319293218412417234, language=CN, stringName=李德顺, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1兰州理工大学 能源与动力工程学院,兰州 730050
2甘肃省风力机工程技术研究中心,兰州 730050
3甘肃省流体机械及系统重点试验室,兰州 730050, bio={"content":"

李德顺(1980),男,教授,博士,主要从事气固两相流及其磨损方面的研究,通信地址:730050甘肃省兰州市七里河区兰工坪路287号兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,E-mail:。

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李德顺(1980),男,教授,博士,主要从事气固两相流及其磨损方面的研究,通信地址:730050甘肃省兰州市七里河区兰工坪路287号兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,E-mail:。

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李德顺1, 2, 3 , 强仕林1
作者信息
  • 1兰州理工大学 能源与动力工程学院,兰州 730050
  • 2甘肃省风力机工程技术研究中心,兰州 730050
  • 3甘肃省流体机械及系统重点试验室,兰州 730050
作者简介:

李德顺(1980),男,教授,博士,主要从事气固两相流及其磨损方面的研究,通信地址:730050甘肃省兰州市七里河区兰工坪路287号兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,E-mail:。

Study on the effect of particles on dynamic wear and aerodynamic performance of fans airfoils
Deshun LI1, 2, 3 , Shilin QIANG1
Affiliations
  • 1College of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China
  • 2Wind Turbine Engineering Technology Research Center of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730050,China
  • 3Gansu Key Laboratory of Fluid Machinery and Systems,Lanzhou 730050,China
出版时间: 2025-05-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.05.007
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针对含尘环境下灰尘颗粒冲蚀叶片表面造成磨损后导致通风效率下降的问题,开展了轴流风机翼段冲蚀磨损动态预测的研究。通过模拟风机三维翼段在气固两相流作用下的冲蚀过程,研究了灰尘颗粒冲蚀直翼段表面的动态演化过程,并分析了不同来流速度工况下翼段表面磨损形貌变化情况及其对气动性能的影响。研究结果表明:随着冲蚀时间的推进,翼段表面前缘的冲蚀磨损累积效应显著,颗粒对翼段表面的磨损程度逐渐加剧,冲蚀小坑的深度不断增加,当灰尘和翼段表面相对速度为25 m/s、冲蚀时间达到80 h时,翼段表面最大冲蚀深度接近1 mm,翼段表面磨损形貌的变化引起了翼段表面压力系数的波动和静压力的紊乱。此外,随着来流速度的增加,吸力面发生流动分离的位置逐渐后移,近壁区流动趋向不稳定。研究成果可为风机设计的优化和提高其在恶劣环境下的耐用性提供科学依据。

轴流风机  /  相对速度  /  动态磨损  /  压力系数  /  气动性能

Aiming at the problem of reduced ventilation efficiency due to wear and tear caused by dust particles eroding the blade surface in dusty environments,this paper carries out a study on the dynamic prediction of erosion and wear of axial fan airfoil segments.By simulating the erosion process of the three‑dimensional airfoil section of the fan under the action of gas-solid two‑phase flow,the dynamic evolution process of dust particles eroding the surface of the straight airfoil section was studied,and the changes in the wear morphology of the airfoil surface under different incoming flow velocity conditions and their effects on aerodynamic performance were analyzed.The research results show that with the progress of erosion time,the cumulative effect of erosion and wear on the leading edge of the airfoil surface is significant,the degree of wear of particles on the airfoil surface gradually increases,and the depth of erosion pits continues to increase.When the relative velocity between dust and the airfoil surface is 25 m/s and the erosion time reaches 80 h,the maximum erosion depth on the airfoil surface approaches 1 mm.The change in the wear morphology of the airfoil surface causes fluctuations in the pressure coefficient and disorder in the static pressure on the airfoil surface.In addition,with the increase in incoming flow velocity,the position where flow separation occurs on the suction surface gradually moves backward,and the flow in the near‑wall region tends to be unstable.The research results can provide a scientific basis for the optimization of fan design and the improvement of its durability in harsh environments.

axial fans  /  relative velocity  /  dynamic wear  /  pressure coefficient  /  pneumatic performance
李德顺, 强仕林. 颗粒速度对风机翼段动态磨损及气动性能影响研究. 流体机械, 2025 , 53 (5) : 48 -55 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.05.007
Deshun LI, Shilin QIANG. Study on the effect of particles on dynamic wear and aerodynamic performance of fans airfoils[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2025 , 53 (5) : 48 -55 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.05.007
轴流风机是应用于矿井等地下或山体内部受限空间的重要通风设备,在该类场景应用时,易受灰尘等颗粒的冲蚀作用,使其转动部件表面发生磨损,造成通风效率下降和动平衡失效等问题[1],严重情况下甚至可能引发人身安全事故。因此,研究风机在灰尘环境中运行时表面冲蚀磨损对风机性能的影响具有重要的意义。
近年来,研究人员通过试验或数值模拟的方法,对离心式机械叶片表面的磨损特性进行研究,OKITA等[2]采用硅砂颗粒进行压气机冲击磨损试验,研究发现,颗粒冲击叶片表面时,颗粒冲击角和叶片磨损率正相关。杨小刚[3]对静叶可调轴流式引风机在运行过程中出现叶片磨损和断裂的原因进行了分析,并通过不同角度提出相应解决方案。BANERJEE[4]探讨了规则和不规则形状颗粒对涂层材料在冲蚀磨损方面的影响,并比较了其对材料磨损程度的差异。吴冰等[5]研究了不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti表面的TiN涂层被SiC粒子垂直冲击的冲蚀过程和磨损机理。梁佳鹏等[6]研究了燃煤锅炉含尘烟气对20G材料的冲蚀磨损情况,并对其机理进行了分析。刘栋等[7]、黄凯等[8]基于CFD-DEM耦合方法,通过数值模拟计算离心泵内固液两相流动及颗粒对叶轮的磨损,监测过流部件的磨损率和颗粒的运动,分析了不同颗粒浓度时叶片的磨损率、颗粒的平均速度、颗粒与壁面的接触次数和接触力,进而以效率和平均磨损率作为目标对离心泵叶轮进行优化设计。曹卫东等[9]对高速潜水轴流泵内固液两相流进行数值模拟,揭示了不同流量和颗粒直径条件下高速潜水轴流泵叶轮流道内的两相流动规律。CHOUDHARY等[10]通过冲蚀实验的方法对复合材料抗磨损性能进行研究,研究发现复合材料的磨损率最大的冲击角范围为45°~75°。VERA‑CARDENAS等[11]通过对不同纤维复合材料进行冲蚀磨损实验,发现冲击角为90°时,玻璃纤维试样的质量损失较大;冲击角为85°时,未涂覆碳纤维试样的冲蚀磨损性能最佳。叶学民等[12]通过数值模拟方法,分析了不同动叶安装角下叶片磨损对风机性能的影响。李德顺等[13-14]通过风洞试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,提出修正后的风力机叶片涂层冲蚀磨损预测模型。基于风速、颗粒直径、颗粒密度和颗粒Stokes数,研究了叶片涂层冲蚀磨损规律。RITESH[15]通过实验研究了颗粒类型、粒径、冲击角、速度等参数对高分子材料冲蚀磨损特性的影响,并探讨了颗粒冲蚀壁面的数值模拟预测方法。
目前已有研究主要集中在不同颗粒冲击角、颗粒形状等参数对不同的表面材料进行冲蚀磨损试验或数值模拟,未对冲蚀磨损动态演化过程中的磨损特性和气动特性进行分析,对轴流风机在灰尘环境中运行时,翼段表面动态磨损演化过程的研究尚有不足,本文拟通过基于流-固-侵蚀耦合模型的动态冲蚀磨损预测方法,研究风机翼段磨损形貌演化的过程及磨损后近壁区流场变化情况,以得到风机翼段表面磨损演化规律。对预测通风过程中风机翼段表面冲蚀磨损程度变化情况具有重要的工程实践意义。
选取轴流风机三维直翼段作为研究对象进行研究,将翼型尾端钝化,弦长c设置为0.096 m,展长为0.05 m。以含尘气流作为气固两相流动介质,三维翼段表面材料使用和文献[16]中平板试验相同的玻璃纤维增强塑料(glass fiber reinforced plastic,GFRP)材料,材料参数见表1。
基于流-固-侵蚀耦合模型研究风机翼段表面冲蚀磨损演化的过程,结合SST k-ω湍流模型求解RANS方程,以模拟翼段周围流场。通过将计算得到的冲蚀量转换为网格节点的位移量,来描述翼段表面冲蚀磨损的形貌和深度的变化。
取翼段前方半径和宽度均为10c(c为翼型弦长)的半圆形区域和翼段后方长度为15c的矩形区域组成C形计算域,翼面法向第一层网格高度由Y+<1确定,在翼型表面分布650×141个网格节点,为研究翼段近壁区流动特征,网格在近壁区加密,如图1所示,经网格无关性验证,总网格数约为765万。
基于压力基求解器求解不可压缩的雷诺平均N-S方程。气相设置为空气,气相密度为1.225 kg/m3,动力黏度为1.789 4×10-5 kg/(m·s),计算域进口设置为速度进口,速度方向由来流攻角确定,来流湍流强度为5%,湍流黏度比为10;流域出口设置为压力出口,表压力为0 Pa,湍流参数和速度进口参数相同,速度与压力耦合选择SIMPLEC算法,控制方程采用二阶迎风格式离散,壁面满足无滑移条件。
对于固体颗粒的加入,采用离散相模型(DPM),颗粒曳力系数设置为0.8,考虑Saffman升力、虚拟质量力、压力梯度力和双向湍流耦合作用,忽略颗粒体积分数对气相的影响、颗粒之间的相互作用以及颗粒的旋转效应,不考虑相变和能量交换。给定颗粒密度为2 650 kg/m3,根据文献[17]中烟气粉尘质量浓度数据,选取颗粒质量流率为10 μg/s,入射速度的大小和方向与空气一致,颗粒直径为50 μm,雷诺数为1.3×105。
选取考虑多种参数影响且更符合灰尘环境中轴流风机运行情况的Oka磨损模型[17-20]研究三维直翼型被颗粒冲蚀后发生的形貌变化。Oka模型通过空气驱动颗粒冲蚀碳钢,考虑不同冲击速度、角度、粒径和材料硬度时,基于冲蚀参数的替代因素对材料损伤的影响,得出方程如下:
Er,V=E90fθ
E90=KHvk1vp/v'k2dp/d'k3fθ
fθ=sinθn11+Hv1-sinθn2
式中,E90为冲击角为90°时颗粒对材料的冲蚀率;θ为颗粒碰撞角,(°);K为与颗粒属性相关的常数;Hv为被冲蚀材料的维氏硬度,GPa;vp为碰撞速度,m/s,v'为参考速度,m/s;dp为颗粒直径,m;d'为颗粒参考直径,m;k1,k2,k3,n1,n2为表示颗粒和壁面材料属性的相关参数。其中,K=65,d'=0.326 mm,v'=104 m/s,k1=-0.12,k2=2.3Hv0.038,k3=0.19,n1=0.71Hv0.14,n2=2.4Hv-0.4。
在Oka冲蚀磨损经验公式的基础上,将单束颗粒冲蚀平面的过程分为以掠击为主的初级阶段(θ<90°)和以正击为主的次级阶段(θ=90°),讨论不同时刻冲击角与冲蚀时间的关系,定义冲击角随时间变化的函数g(θ,t),其计算式如下:
gθ,t=sinθ,tn11+Hv1-sinθ,tn2
冲击角函数重新定义为:
    Gθ,T=∫0Tsinθ,tn11+Hv1-sinθ,tn2dt,                                                                   θ<90∘sinθn11+Hv1-sinθn2,                                                                   θ=90∘
即瞬时磨损量E0可表示为:
E0=E90Gθ,T
在此基础上,定义冲蚀磨损总时长为T',得到累计磨损量为:
E=∫0T'E0dT
平板模型是研究材料表面冲蚀磨损现象的经典模型,由文献[16]中含沙射流冲击GFRP平板的试验条件及数据进行数值计算精度验证。数值模拟中,颗粒和表面材料相关参数和试验相关参数保持一致,颗粒材料为硅砂,颗粒粒径为200 μm,颗粒密度为2 650 kg/m3,颗粒质量流率为0.067 g/s,喷口和平板的距离为10 mm,气流速度38 m/s。
基于流-固-侵蚀耦合模型预测平板表面冲蚀磨损随时间变化的特征,选取4种不同的壁面网格尺寸来研究不同网格尺寸对数值预测结果的影响,壁面网格尺寸的选取和冲蚀深度误差见表2。因此,当网格尺寸设定为0.3 mm进行数值模拟时,模拟结果与试验数据的误差范围在2%以内。数值模拟和试验结果对比如图2和图3所示,颗粒对平板表面造成的最大冲蚀深度达到了858.21 μm。
通过对比数值模拟与试验得到的平板表面冲蚀磨损的形貌和深度,可以验证该流-固-侵蚀耦合模型能够以较高的精确度来描述冲蚀的形态和深度。进一步证实了利用Oka磨损模型对GFRP材料表面冲蚀磨损进行计算,能够真实反映颗粒冲蚀对材料表面形貌变化的影响。
灰尘颗粒冲击翼段表面的过程主要是由于风机转动时在低压区形成负压,在负压梯度流动过程中,灰尘颗粒和风机动叶碰撞后发生能量交换。风机在含尘环境中运行时,翼段表面的冲蚀磨损是随时间累积的过程,冲蚀磨损对翼段的直接影响是改变翼段表面粗糙度,在冲蚀磨损主要区域形成类似海浪状的磨损形貌,在靠近磨损边缘处形成类似犁耕状的磨损形貌。如图4和图5所示,以4°攻角为例,随着风机转速的提升,颗粒与风机翼段表面之间的相对运动速度相应增加,导致颗粒对翼段表面的撞击力度增强,颗粒在撞击过程中与表面发生的能量交换也随之增大,进而使得颗粒对表面造成的冲蚀深度相应增加。
随着冲蚀过程的持续,撞击翼段表面的颗粒数量逐渐积累,导致磨损量逐渐增加,磨损深度也随之加深。在相对速度为10 m/s,冲蚀持续20 h的情况下,翼段表面的形貌变化相对较小,冲蚀磨损深度也较为有限。然而,当冲蚀时间延长至80 h,翼段表面的最大冲蚀磨损深度可达到约300 μm,这表明在风机转速较低时,颗粒冲蚀造成的磨损深度较小。当相对速度提升至25 m/s,且冲蚀时间达到80 h时,翼段表面的最大冲蚀深度接近1 mm。
如图6所示,冲蚀磨损对翼段表面几何形貌产生了显著改变,导致在小坑区域形成了旋涡。这些旋涡的存在引起了翼段近壁区空气流动状态的变化,进而影响了表面压力系数Cp。在冲蚀过程中,翼段截面的压力系数表现出波动现象,并且随着冲蚀时间的延长,小坑的深度逐渐加深,翼段表面的压力系数波动也变得更加显著。
不同相对速度下翼段表面静压力如图7所示。从图可见,当颗粒与风机翼段的相对速度为10 m/s时,翼段的吸力面静压力分布变化较为平缓,而压力面的变化则相对显著。随着来流速度的进一步增加,吸力面的静压力分布变化开始变得更加明显。在不同的相对速度工况下,随着冲蚀过程的持续,前缘磨损区域的静压力分布呈现出逐渐加剧的混乱状态
攻角为2°和12°时翼段前缘流场如图8和图9所示。从图可见,当颗粒的相对速度为20 m/s时,通过对冲蚀80 h后翼段磨损位置的流场细节进行观察发现,随着表面磨损量的逐渐累积,翼段前缘的小坑处开始产生局部的小旋涡。由于攻角较小,这些旋涡主要被限制在小坑的局部范围内,对翼段尾缘附近的流场影响相对较小,驻点附近的区域流场相对稳定,因此,在驻点附近的小坑中并未观察到小旋涡的形成。然而,在压力面远离驻点的区域,以及吸力面前缘处的小坑中,小旋涡的出现则较为明显。定义临界半径rc,rc取决于驻点位置及其所在曲面的曲率半径。当小坑位置距离驻点的距离小于rc时,小坑中不会出现小旋涡。当攻角为2°时,由于驻点位置曲率半径较小,rc较小;当攻角为12°时,由于驻点位置曲率半径较大,rc较大,所以出现小旋涡的小坑位置不同。同时,翼段前缘表面的小坑产生小旋涡还和小坑的深度有关。
10示出攻角为4°时,不同来流速度工况下,翼段在冲蚀磨损过程中的极限流线。研究发现,随来流速度增加,吸力面发生流动分离的位置逐渐后移,当来流速度为10 m/s时,由于在冲蚀80 h时间内,翼段表面形貌变化不明显,所以翼段近壁区流动变化较小,当来流速度为15 m/s时,翼段吸力面转捩位置较混乱,且混乱程度随冲蚀过程推进逐渐加剧,当来流速度超过20 m/s时,翼段吸力面转捩位置趋向吸力面尾缘,且随冲蚀过程推进,由于吸力面前缘处磨损逐渐加剧,近壁区流动向不稳定流动发展。
(1)在相同冲蚀时间下,随着颗粒来流速度增加,翼段表面的冲蚀磨损程度增大、平均冲蚀深度增加;对冲蚀时间80 h时的冲蚀深度进行分析,当相对速度为10 m/s,翼段表面最大冲蚀磨损深度约为300 μm,因此,来流速度较小时颗粒冲蚀磨损深度较小;当相对速度增加到25 m/s时,翼段表面最大冲蚀深度接近1 mm。在相同速度工况下,随冲蚀时间推进,颗粒冲击翼段表面造成的磨损区域逐渐增大,冲蚀磨损深度逐渐增加。
(2)在冲蚀过程中,翼段表面的压力系数出现波动,在4°攻角下,吸力面前缘处的压力系数波动程度随颗粒来流速度增加而增加。随冲蚀时间的推进,压力系数波动更加明显,翼段前缘磨损区域静压力分布混乱程度逐渐增加。
(3)随来流速度增加,翼段吸力面发生流动分离的位置逐渐后移,当相对速度为15 m/s时,翼段吸力面分离位置沿展向较混乱,且混乱程度随冲蚀过程推进逐渐加剧,当相对速度超过20 m/s时,翼段吸力面分离位置趋向吸力面尾缘方向,近壁区流动向不稳定流动发展。

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2025年第53卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.05.007
  • 接收时间:2024-05-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-05-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-14
  • 修回日期:2024-12-18
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    1兰州理工大学 能源与动力工程学院,兰州 730050
    2甘肃省风力机工程技术研究中心,兰州 730050
    3甘肃省流体机械及系统重点试验室,兰州 730050
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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