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Article(id=1319293116067205586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1319293088569344063, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.04.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720108800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-05, revisedDate=1733241600000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792473590150, onlineDateStr=2026-10-20, pubDate=1745942400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792473590150, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792473590150, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792473590150, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319293088569344063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2025', volume='53', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745942400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792473583595, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792473583595, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=24, endPage=29, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319293116222394835, articleId=1319293116067205586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Experimental study on the performance of three‑pressure heat pump system under high‑temperature refrigeration conditions, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the problems of poor cooling effect，energy efficiency ratio （EER） and low operational reliability of air source heat pump system under extreme working conditions，a three‑pressure heat pump system was developed and an experimental platform was built.The cooling performance of the single‑stage heat pump system and the three‑pressure heat pump system was compared and analyzed through the experimental research.The results show that with the increase of compressor speed，the cooling capacity of the three‑pressure system is higher than that of the single‑stage system.At 4 500 r/min，the cooling capacity is higher by 9.7%，the EER is higher by 4.72%，and the exhaust temperature of the three‑pressure system is lower by 4.23%.When the outdoor temperature is greater than 43 ℃，the cooling capacity and EER of the three‑pressure system increase compared with that of the single‑stage system.When the outdoor temperature is 43 ℃ and 46 ℃，the cooling capacity of the three‑pressure system increase 26.06% and 37.9%，and the EER increase 8.6% and 20.5%.With the increase of the outdoor temperature，the effect of the three‑pressure system on suppressing the compressor exhaust temperature is more obvious.When the outdoor temperature is 46 ℃，the exhaust temperature is reduced by 12.33%.The research results provide a reference for the application of air source heat pump system in extreme working conditions.

, authors=Jing BAI, Siyuan HE, Siqi CUI, Huifan ZHENG, Lejian WANG, Huifang FAN, Mingzhi CHEN, authorsList=Jing BAI, Siyuan HE, Siqi CUI, Huifan ZHENG, Lejian WANG, Huifang FAN, Mingzhi CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319293119674307045, articleId=1319293116067205586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=高温制冷工况下三压力热泵系统性能试验研究, columnId=1317484286475883136, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对空气源热泵系统在极端工况下制冷效果不佳、能效比（EER）和运行可靠性较低等问题，开发了三压力热泵系统，并搭建实验台。通过试验研究，对比分析了单级热泵系统和三压力热泵系统的制冷性能。结果表明，随着压缩机转速的提高，相比于单级系统，在4 500 r/min时，三压力系统的制冷量提高9.7%，EER提高4.72%，且排气温度降低4.23%；当室外温度大于43 ℃时，相对于单级系统，三压力系统的制冷量和EER提升率增加，室外温度为43，46 ℃时，三压力系统制冷量分别提高26.06%，37.9%，EER分别提高8.6%，20.5%；随着室外温度的升高，三压力系统抑制压缩机排气温度的效果越明显，当室外温度为46 ℃时，排气温度降低12.33%。研究结果可为空气源热泵系统在极端工况中的应用提供参考。

, authors=白静, 和思源, 崔四齐, 郑慧凡, 王乐健, 范惠芳, 陈明志, authorsList=白静, 和思源, 崔四齐, 郑慧凡, 王乐健, 范惠芳, 陈明志, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

白静（1968），女，副教授，研究方向为制冷空调节能技术和热管理研究，通信地址：450007河南省郑州市中原中路41号中原工学院能源与环境学院，E-mail：。

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用，则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊，本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=FfGc+O2EUmeMDHwTEKR9DA==, magXml=uI0AmYr0LnG4ptjJw/40nQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=cg5KRIVf7a+YNssyYtAu/Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=bGfW3iy1mxPlfXikXJ41WQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1319293119955325418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293116067205586, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=baijing13703842765@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293120022434284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293116067205586, authorId=1319293119955325418, language=EN, stringName=Jing BAI, firstName=Jing, middleName=null, lastName=BAI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Energy & Environment，Zhongyuan University of Technology，Zhengzhou  450007，China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293120089543149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293116067205586, authorId=1319293119955325418, language=CN, stringName=白静, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中原工学院 能源与环境学院，郑州 450007, bio={"content":"

白静（1968），女，副教授，研究方向为制冷空调节能技术和热管理研究，通信地址：450007河南省郑州市中原中路41号中原工学院能源与环境学院，E-mail：。

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白静（1968），女，副教授，研究方向为制冷空调节能技术和热管理研究，通信地址：450007河南省郑州市中原中路41号中原工学院能源与环境学院，E-mail：。

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System running modes

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工作模式开启关闭
单级系统制冷主路压缩机、蒸发风机、冷凝风机、主路电子
膨胀阀、球阀1		辅路压缩机、辅路电子膨胀阀、球阀2
三压力系统制冷主路压缩机、辅路压缩机、蒸发风机、冷凝风机、主路电子膨胀阀和辅路电子膨胀阀、球阀2球阀1
), ArticleFig(id=1319293124816523811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293116067205586, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

系统运行模式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工作模式开启关闭
单级系统制冷主路压缩机、蒸发风机、冷凝风机、主路电子
膨胀阀、球阀1		辅路压缩机、辅路电子膨胀阀、球阀2
三压力系统制冷主路压缩机、辅路压缩机、蒸发风机、冷凝风机、主路电子膨胀阀和辅路电子膨胀阀、球阀2球阀1
), ArticleFig(id=1319293124883632676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293116067205586, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Main experimental equipment

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设备型号主要参数
主路
压缩机		WHP06840GUKQA8JT6制冷量6.9 kW，理论排量14.1 mL
辅路
压缩机		WHP04430GRKQA6JT6制冷量4.5 kW，理论排量10.2 mL
蒸发器GR-75D/R3DY(B3)尺寸900 mm×350 mm
×700 mm
冷凝器GR-75W/R3Y(B3)尺寸1 300 mm×450 mm
×200 mm
节流阀E2V18最大允许压力6 MPa；
最大压差3.5 MPa
再冷器BL14-30D换热面积0.4 m2
蒸发压力调节阀KVP12范围：0~0.55 MPa；介质温度：-45~130 ℃；最高工作压力1.8 MPa
), ArticleFig(id=1319293124959130149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293116067205586, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

主要试验设备

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设备型号主要参数
主路
压缩机		WHP06840GUKQA8JT6制冷量6.9 kW，理论排量14.1 mL
辅路
压缩机		WHP04430GRKQA6JT6制冷量4.5 kW，理论排量10.2 mL
蒸发器GR-75D/R3DY(B3)尺寸900 mm×350 mm
×700 mm
冷凝器GR-75W/R3Y(B3)尺寸1 300 mm×450 mm
×200 mm
节流阀E2V18最大允许压力6 MPa；
最大压差3.5 MPa
再冷器BL14-30D换热面积0.4 m2
蒸发压力调节阀KVP12范围：0~0.55 MPa；介质温度：-45~130 ℃；最高工作压力1.8 MPa
), ArticleFig(id=1319293125026239014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293116067205586, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Measuring Instruments

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项目型号生产厂家
功率DC-09上海德力西
压力PT5N-07M
PT5N-30M
PT5N-50M		EMERSON
温度PT1000开普森
数采仪KSB24AOR宁波科顺
), ArticleFig(id=1319293125105930791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293116067205586, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

测量仪器

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目型号生产厂家
功率DC-09上海德力西
压力PT5N-07M
PT5N-30M
PT5N-50M		EMERSON
温度PT1000开普森
数采仪KSB24AOR宁波科顺
), ArticleFig(id=1319293125185622568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293116067205586, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Experimental conditions

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室外干球温度/℃室内干/湿球温度/℃压缩机转速/（r⋅min-1）
2927/193 500
352 500,3 000,3 500,4 000,4 500
433 500
463 500
), ArticleFig(id=1319293125261120041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293116067205586, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

试验工况

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室外干球温度/℃室内干/湿球温度/℃压缩机转速/（r⋅min-1）
2927/193 500
352 500,3 000,3 500,4 000,4 500
433 500
463 500
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高温制冷工况下三压力热泵系统性能试验研究
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白静 , 和思源 , 崔四齐 , 郑慧凡 , 王乐健 , 范惠芳 , 陈明志
流体机械 | 试验研究 2025,53(4): 24-29
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流体机械 |试验研究 2025 , 53 (4) : 24 -29
高温制冷工况下三压力热泵系统性能试验研究
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白静（1968），女，副教授，研究方向为制冷空调节能技术和热管理研究，通信地址：450007河南省郑州市中原中路41号中原工学院能源与环境学院，E-mail：。

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白静（1968），女，副教授，研究方向为制冷空调节能技术和热管理研究，通信地址：450007河南省郑州市中原中路41号中原工学院能源与环境学院，E-mail：。

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白静 , 和思源, 崔四齐, 郑慧凡, 王乐健, 范惠芳, 陈明志
作者信息
  • 中原工学院 能源与环境学院，郑州 450007
作者简介:

白静（1968），女，副教授，研究方向为制冷空调节能技术和热管理研究，通信地址：450007河南省郑州市中原中路41号中原工学院能源与环境学院，E-mail：。

Experimental study on the performance of three‑pressure heat pump system under high‑temperature refrigeration conditions
Jing BAI , Siyuan HE, Siqi CUI, Huifan ZHENG, Lejian WANG, Huifang FAN, Mingzhi CHEN
Affiliations
  • School of Energy & Environment，Zhongyuan University of Technology，Zhengzhou  450007，China
出版时间: 2025-04-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.04.004
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针对空气源热泵系统在极端工况下制冷效果不佳、能效比（EER）和运行可靠性较低等问题，开发了三压力热泵系统，并搭建实验台。通过试验研究，对比分析了单级热泵系统和三压力热泵系统的制冷性能。结果表明，随着压缩机转速的提高，相比于单级系统，在4 500 r/min时，三压力系统的制冷量提高9.7%，EER提高4.72%，且排气温度降低4.23%；当室外温度大于43 ℃时，相对于单级系统，三压力系统的制冷量和EER提升率增加，室外温度为43，46 ℃时，三压力系统制冷量分别提高26.06%，37.9%，EER分别提高8.6%，20.5%；随着室外温度的升高，三压力系统抑制压缩机排气温度的效果越明显，当室外温度为46 ℃时，排气温度降低12.33%。研究结果可为空气源热泵系统在极端工况中的应用提供参考。

三压力热泵系统  /  极端工况  /  能效比

Aiming at the problems of poor cooling effect，energy efficiency ratio （EER） and low operational reliability of air source heat pump system under extreme working conditions，a three‑pressure heat pump system was developed and an experimental platform was built.The cooling performance of the single‑stage heat pump system and the three‑pressure heat pump system was compared and analyzed through the experimental research.The results show that with the increase of compressor speed，the cooling capacity of the three‑pressure system is higher than that of the single‑stage system.At 4 500 r/min，the cooling capacity is higher by 9.7%，the EER is higher by 4.72%，and the exhaust temperature of the three‑pressure system is lower by 4.23%.When the outdoor temperature is greater than 43 ℃，the cooling capacity and EER of the three‑pressure system increase compared with that of the single‑stage system.When the outdoor temperature is 43 ℃ and 46 ℃，the cooling capacity of the three‑pressure system increase 26.06% and 37.9%，and the EER increase 8.6% and 20.5%.With the increase of the outdoor temperature，the effect of the three‑pressure system on suppressing the compressor exhaust temperature is more obvious.When the outdoor temperature is 46 ℃，the exhaust temperature is reduced by 12.33%.The research results provide a reference for the application of air source heat pump system in extreme working conditions.

three‑pressures heat pump system  /  extreme conditions  /  energy efficiency ratio
白静, 和思源, 崔四齐, 郑慧凡, 王乐健, 范惠芳, 陈明志. 高温制冷工况下三压力热泵系统性能试验研究. 流体机械, 2025 , 53 (4) : 24 -29 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.04.004
Jing BAI, Siyuan HE, Siqi CUI, Huifan ZHENG, Lejian WANG, Huifang FAN, Mingzhi CHEN. Experimental study on the performance of three‑pressure heat pump system under high‑temperature refrigeration conditions[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2025 , 53 (4) : 24 -29 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.04.004
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0　引言
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空气源热泵系统因其节能、环保、占用空间小等优点得到广泛应用。单级热泵系统在高温工况下，导致制冷效果不佳，制冷量无法满足室内需求，压缩机效率下降，导致压缩机排气温度升高，甚至出现压缩机保护停机的情况［1］。
为了提高空气源热泵系统在高温工况下的性能，众多学者提出了多种技术方案（压缩机变频技术［2］、节流装置技术、补气增焓技术、喷液技术、湿法换热技术和双级压缩技术等），并进行了深入研究。李海军等［3］利用变频技术提高空气源热泵冷水机组在43 ℃下的运行效果，结果显示，当压缩机转速从3 000 r/min提高至3 500 r/min时，制冷量上升26.9%，EER上升15.51%，排气温度没有得到有效抑制。武卫东等［4］在研究车用热泵系统制冷性能时，测试了节流装置对制冷性能的影响，在室外温度43 ℃下选择电子膨胀阀开度280步和270步，结果显示，电子膨胀阀开度280步时制冷量相对提高1.33%，EER提高4.4%。WANG等［5］对以R410A为制冷剂的补气型热泵系统，在46 ℃环境下进行测试，结果显示，制冷量提高14%，EER提高4%。目前，针对补气增焓系统较为成熟的是涡旋式压缩机，对于转子式压缩机的研究较少，且补气增焓系统的调节范围较小。CHUNG等［6］以CO2为制冷剂设计了喷气式热泵系统，并在43 ℃工况下进行了试验，结果表明，制冷量提高12.4%，EER提高6.8%。贾庆磊等［7］将提高电机绝缘等级与喷液旁通法相结合，设计搭建空气源热泵实验台并进行了试验研究，结果表明，在室外温度53 ℃时，系统制冷量较单级热泵系统增大4.29%，排气温度降低21.8 ℃，EER提高40.66%。古宗敏［8］提出在高温环境中将湿法换热技术应用于空气源热泵中，并搭建实验台进行试验分析，结果表明，在室外温度43 ℃时，制冷量上升31%，EER提高63%，排气压力降低20%，此方法在商业热泵机组中得到验证，但对于其他类型空气源热泵的适用性有待研究。张倩等［9］建立了双级系统理论模型，并与单级系统进行对比，结果表明，在制冷工况时双级系统的排气温度降低34.4%，EER提高3.1%。但双级压缩系统存在操作难度大、系统设计、能耗和成本等方面的问题，以及高级压缩和低级压缩的串联方式，可能导致系统中压缩回油不均匀，且最佳中间压力难以确定等问题。
基于上述研究，针对空气源热泵高温问题，本文设计并搭建三压力热泵系统实验台，选择R32作为制冷工质［10-13］，对三压力系统制冷性能进行试验研究。
1　系统原理及理论分析
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1.1　系统原理
根据目前空气源热泵在高温工况的制冷性能研究现状，本文设计一种三压力热泵系统，其原理如图1所示。该系统可以实现多种模式切换，运行模式如表1所示。单级热泵系统制冷模式运行时，制冷剂通过主路压缩机、冷凝器、干燥过滤器、主路电子膨胀阀、蒸发器和低压气液分离器回到主路压缩机。三压力系统制冷模式运行时，制冷剂分别通过主路压缩机和辅路压缩机排气口排出，通过冷凝器、再冷器和辅路电子膨胀阀进入中压气液分离器，之后制冷剂分为两路，一路通过中压气液分离器上方进入再冷器，与冷凝器出来的制冷剂换热，使得辅路制冷剂过热，冷凝器出口制冷剂过冷，然后进入辅路压缩机吸气口；另一路通过中压气液分离器下方进入主路电子膨胀阀，经过节流装置节流后进入蒸发器换热，最后进入主路压缩机吸气口。
1.2　理论分析
三压力热泵系统循环p-h图，如图2所示。从主路压缩机中被压缩排出的高温高压过热状态制冷剂（状态点2）和辅路压缩机中被压缩排出的高温高压过热状态制冷剂（状态点4）混合，制冷剂在冷凝器中进行冷却或冷凝（状态点5），由于存在再冷器，使得其在冷凝器出口实现过冷（状态点6），经过辅路电子膨胀阀节流到中压气液分离器状态为中温中压（状态点7），在经过中压气液分离器后被分为2个循环：主路循环和辅路循环。主路循环：经中压气液分离器分离（状态点8），经主路电子膨胀阀节流膨胀到低温低压（状态点9），然后进入蒸发器蒸发吸收热量到主路压缩机吸气口（状态点1），即主路循环为1→2→5→6→7→8→9→1。辅路循环：中压气液分离器的饱和气体经再冷器、蒸发器压力调节阀到辅路压缩机吸气口（状态点3）进入辅路压缩机，完整的辅路循环为3→4→5→6→7→3。
在三压力热泵系统循环中，制取冷量的主路部分蒸发过程为9→1，其单位制冷量q0为：
q0=h1-h9=h1-h8
主路压缩机每压缩1 kg蒸汽所消耗的等熵压缩功w0Z为：
w0Z=h2-h1
设制冷机组的制冷量为Φ0，则主路压缩机的流量qmZ为：
qmZ=Φ0/(h1-h8)=Φ0/(h1-h9)
辅路压缩机消耗的单位等熵压缩功w0F为：
w0F=h4-h3'
辅路压缩机的制冷剂流量qmF可以根据中压气液分离器的热平衡关系计算得出，其公式如下：
          qmF=qmZ(h8-h6)/(h6-h3)                 =Φ0(h8-h6)/[(h6-h3)(h1-h8)]
三压力热泵系统压缩理论循环的性能系数为：
    EER0=Φ0/(qmFw0F+qmZw0Z)               =(h1-h8)/[(h8-h6)(h4-h3')/(h6-h3)                  +(h2-h1)]
在三压力热泵系统中，根据理论分析计算确定中间压力，按性能系数最大的原则确定中间温度tm及中间压力pm。
pm=p0pk
式中，po为蒸发压力；pk为冷凝压力。
根据工况不同，试验选取不同工况下的最佳中间压力。
单级热泵系统循环制取冷量的蒸发过程为7´→1，其单位制冷量：
q1=h1-h7'
单级系统压缩机每压缩1 kg蒸汽所消耗的等熵压缩功为：
w1=h2-h1
单级系统压缩理论循环的性能系数为：
EER=q1/w1=(h1-h7')/(h2-h1)
与单级系统相比，三压力系统增加的制冷量、功耗和能效比分别为：
Δq=qmZ(h7-h8)
Δw=qmF(h4-h3')
            ΔEER=EER0-EER                        =qmZ(h7-h8)/[qmF(h4-h3')]
由式（13）可知，只有当增加的制冷量与增加的功耗比值大于0时，三压力系统的EER才会增加，且EER的增长幅度取决于两者比值的大小。
2　实验台搭建及测试工况
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搭建了三压力热泵系统实验台，如图3所示。试验在标准焓差试验室内进行，三压力热泵系统实验台的测点摆放位置如图4所示。。
主要试验设备见表2，测量仪器见表3。参照GB/T 7725—2022《房间空气调节器》设定试验工况，测试工况如表4所示。
3　测试结果及分析
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3.1　转速对系统性能的影响分析
图5示出单级系统制冷模式与三压力系统制冷模式的制冷量及EER随压缩机转速的变化。可以看出，随着压缩机转速的升高，2种系统的制冷量都呈现上升趋势，EER呈现下降趋势，但三压力系统EER下降速率小于单级系统。在压缩机转速为2 500，3 000，3 500，4 000，4 500 r/min时，相比于单级系统，三压力系统的制冷量分别增加23.5%，19.2%，17.2%，14.8%，9.7%。在压缩机转速为2 500~4 000 r/min时，三压力系统EER低于单级系统，仅在压缩机转速为4 500 r/min时，三压力系统的EER比单级系统高4.72%。根据理论分析，压缩机转速的提高会增加单位时间内制冷剂质量流量，从而提升系统制冷量，由于三压力系统经过2次节流，减小了节流损失，同时有辅路压缩机的协助，导致三压力系统制冷量始终高于单级系统，同时根据式（13）可知，当两者比值大于0时，系统EER才会增加，在转速为4 500 r/min时，比值大于0，故三压力系统EER高于单级系统。
图6示出单级系统制冷模式与三压力系统制冷模式的排气温度随压缩机转速的变化。
随着压缩机转速的升高，2种系统的排气温度均呈现上升趋势。压缩机转速从2 500 r/min提高到4 500 r/min时，单级系统排气温度提升幅度为27.21%，三压力系统提升幅度为21.99%。在相同转速下，三压力系统的排气温度均低于单级系统。相比于单级系统，在压缩机转速为2 500，3 000，3 500，4 000，4 500 r/min时，三压力系统排气温度抑制幅度分别为0.13%，1.51%，3.37%，2.69%，4.23%。其原因是压缩机转速的提高使得系统压比增大，排气压力增大，导致系统排气温度升高。三压力系统能够有效降低排气温度的原因在于有辅路压缩机的协助，为主路提供了部分制冷剂，从而降低主路压比，进而降低系统排气温度。
3.2　室外环境温度对系统性能的影响分析
选择在压缩机转速为3 500 r/min时，对三压力热泵系统制冷模式的性能在不同室外环境温度下进行测试，并与单级系统制冷模式进行对比，分析系统的制冷量，EER和排气温度。
图7示出单级系统制冷模式与三压力系统制冷模式的制冷量和EER随室外温度的变化。随着室外温度的升高，2种系统的制冷量和EER均呈现下降趋势。在相同的室外温度工况下，三压力系统制冷量均高于单级系统。相比于单级系统，在室外环境温度为29，35，43，46 ℃时，制冷量增长率分别为16.4%，17.23%，26.06%，37.9%。在室外温度为29，35 ℃时，单级系统EER大于三压力系统；在43，46 ℃时，三压力系统EER高于单级系统，其增长率分别为4.89%和20.67%。其原因是室外环境温度升高时，冷凝温度也会相对升高，导致系统制冷量下降，三压力系统在再冷器内实现了第一次过冷，经中压气液分离器后又减小了系统干度，降低节流损失，同时辅路压缩机协助补充了部分制冷剂，但系统功耗也会增加，由式（13）可知，当两者比值大于0时，系统EER增加。当室外温度为43 ℃时，两者比值大于0，三压力系统的EER高于单级系统，随着室外温度的进一步提高，三压力系统EER增长幅度逐渐显著。
图8示出单级系统制冷模式与三压力系统制冷模式的排气温度随室外环境温度的变化。随着室外温度的升高，2种系统的排气温度迅速上升，但在相同的室外温度下，三压力系统排气温度均低于单级系统。相比于单级系统，在室外温度分别为29，35，43，46 ℃下，三压力系统排气温度抑制幅度分别为0.81%，3.37%，6.94%，12.33%。随着室外温度的上升，三压力系统排气温度抑制效果越明显，可见室外温度越高，三压力系统排气温度相对越低，使得系统能够正常运行。其原因是随着室外温度升高，冷凝温度升高，对应的冷凝压力增大，排气压力也增大，但吸气压力受室内温度影响变化幅度较小，导致其压力比增大，从而排气温度升高。三压力系统排气温度相对较低的原因是辅路压缩机提供了一部分制冷剂，减小了主路压缩机压力比，减小过热，从而降低系统排气温度。
4　结论
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（1）随着压缩机转速的提高，三压力系统的制冷量始终高于单级系统，在压缩机转速为2 500，3 000，3 500，4 000，4 500 r/min时，三压力系统制冷量提升幅度分别为23.5%，19.2%，17.2%，14.8%，9.7%。仅在转速为4 500 r/min时，三压力系统EER高于单级系统，其EER增长4.72%。
（2）随着压缩机转速的提高，三压力系统的排气温度始终低于单级系统，在压缩机转速为2 500，3 000，3 500，4 000，4 500 r/min时，三压力系统排气温度抑制幅度分别为0.13%，1.51%，3.37%，2.69%，4.23%。
（3）随着室外温度的升高，三压力系统制冷量均高于单级系统，且制冷量的提升幅度逐渐增大。在室外温度29，35，43，46 ℃工况下，三压力系统制冷量的提升幅度分别为16.4%，17.23%，26.06%和37.9%。在室外温度43 ℃以上时，三压力系统EER高于单级系统，在室外环境温度43，46 ℃时，其EER的提升幅度分别为8.6%，20.5%。
（4）随着室外温度的升高，三压力系统运行时的排气温度均小于单级系统。随着室外温度的增加，三压力系统排气温度相对越低，在室外温度为29，35，43，46 ℃工况下，三压力系统排气温度抑制幅度分别为0.81%，3.37%，6.94%，12.33%。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.04.004
  • 接收时间：2024-07-05
  • 首发时间：2026-10-20
  • 出版时间：2025-04-30
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  • 收稿日期：2024-07-05
  • 修回日期：2024-12-04
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    中原工学院 能源与环境学院，郑州 450007
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.04.004
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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