Article(id=1319293075084653256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1319293032650887902, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724342400000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-23, revisedDate=1733500800000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792473580379, onlineDateStr=2026-10-20, pubDate=1743264000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792473580379, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792473580379, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792473580379, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319293032650887902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2025', volume='53', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1743264000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792473570263, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792473570263, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=52, endPage=60, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319293075252425417, articleId=1319293075084653256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Investigation into ash deposition characteristics on finned tube heat exchangers used in air source heat pumps, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the issue of rising energy consumption and decreased efficiency in air source heat pumps caused by outdoor heat exchanger fouling,taking finned tube heat exchanger as the research object,this study utilized Fluent computational fluid dynamics software to investigate particulate matter deposition on a finned tube heat exchanger with six rows of tubes.SST k-ω model was adopted.The research deposition patterns of particulate matter with varying sizes on heat exchanger surfaces.At the same time,an experimental setup dedicated to ash deposition is constructed with the objective of validating numerical simulation outcomes.The CCD industrial camera is used to capture the image of the fin surface during the ash deposition process.Subsequently,the captured images and generated data underwent meticulous processing and analysis utilizing MATLAB software.Based on the conclusion drawn,the particle deposition distribution on the surface of the heat exchange tube primarily occurs within the ±75°area,constituting 94% of the total deposition.On the back of the heat exchange tube,the deposition ratio is only 2% with the ± (160~180)°area.At low wind speed,the mass of particle deposition on the heat exchanger surface decreases as wind speed increases.When the wind speed reaches 1.5 m/s,the deposition quality begins to rise.The findings reveales a distinct pattern in the ash deposition process:The mixed particles exhibit a synergistic effect on the fouling of the heat exchanger.The maximum deposition mass on the heat exchanger surface and the resulting pressure drop and fouling coefficient are higher than those of single particle size particles.The research results can provide reference for the maintenance and optimization of air source heat pump system in practical application.

, authors=Yong ZHAO, Guangxing MA, Chen CHANG, Yi HE, Wenyan YUAN, Siyuan HUO, authorsList=Yong ZHAO, Guangxing MA, Chen CHANG, Yi HE, Wenyan YUAN, Siyuan HUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guangxing MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319293078024860392, articleId=1319293075084653256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=空气源热泵翅片管换热器积灰特性研究, columnId=1317484287230853622, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=设计计算, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对空气源热泵因室外换热器脏堵而耗能增加和效率降低的问题,以翅片管换热器为研究对象,综合运用数值模拟与试验验证的方法,借助Fluent流体动力学软件,对颗粒物在6排管的翅片管换热器表面的沉积进行研究,采用SST k-ω模型,分析不同粒径颗粒物在换热器表面的沉积特性。同时,搭建积灰试验系统对数值模拟结果进行验证,利用CCD工业相机捕捉积灰过程中翅片表面的图像,并通过MATLAB对图像与数据进行处理和分析。结果表明,换热管表面的颗粒物沉积分布主要在±75°区域,沉积占比达94%;在换热管的背面,即±(160∼180)°区域,沉积占比仅为2%;在较低风速下,换热器表面的颗粒物沉积质量随风速增大而降低;风速达到1.5 m/s后,沉积质量开始上升;混合颗粒物对换热器的脏堵效应具有协同作用,相较于单一粒径颗粒物,混合颗粒物在换热器表面的最大沉积质量、压降及脏堵系数均呈现出更高的水平。研究结果可为空气源热泵系统在实际应用中的维护与优化提供参考。

, authors=赵勇, 马广兴, 常琛, 何怡, 苑文燕, 霍思源, authorsList=赵勇, 马广兴, 常琛, 何怡, 苑文燕, 霍思源, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=马广兴, authorNote=

赵勇(1999),男,硕士研究生,主要从事空气源热泵室外换热器的积灰与除灰等相关的研究,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=
马广兴(1972),男,博士,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事热泵技术与建筑节能、低碳建筑与可再生能源利用等相关研究,通信地址:010051 内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市内蒙古工业大学土木工程学院,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=1Bko9tA9cGneGq390bq/YQ==, magXml=db/JlsK/BpChPv5yL5UJng==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=xafNiYOW3rZYIVdo/iyJYA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=xPGk4JDqmxbZE9tjjHPUbg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1319293078352016109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhaoyong90408@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293078431707887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293078352016109, language=EN, stringName=Yong ZHAO, firstName=Yong, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293078498816752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293078352016109, language=CN, stringName=赵勇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051, bio={"content":"

赵勇(1999),男,硕士研究生,主要从事空气源热泵室外换热器的积灰与除灰等相关的研究,E-mail:。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

赵勇(1999),男,硕士研究生,主要从事空气源热泵室外换热器的积灰与除灰等相关的研究,E-mail:。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293078268130025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078276518634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078280712939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051)])]), Author(id=1319293078574314226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=mgx126@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293078649811700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293078574314226, language=EN, stringName=Guangxing MA, firstName=Guangxing, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293078716920565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293078574314226, language=CN, stringName=马广兴, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293078268130025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078276518634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078280712939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051)])]), Author(id=1319293078800806647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293078897275641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293078800806647, language=EN, stringName=Chen CHANG, firstName=Chen, middleName=null, lastName=CHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293078968578810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293078800806647, language=CN, stringName=常琛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293078268130025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078276518634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078280712939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051)])]), Author(id=1319293079031493372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293079127962366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293079031493372, language=EN, stringName=Yi HE, firstName=Yi, middleName=null, lastName=HE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293079203459839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293079031493372, language=CN, stringName=何怡, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293078268130025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078276518634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078280712939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051)])]), Author(id=1319293079262180097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293079362843395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293079262180097, language=EN, stringName=Wenyan YUAN, firstName=Wenyan, middleName=null, lastName=YUAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293079480283908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293079262180097, language=CN, stringName=苑文燕, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293078268130025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078276518634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078280712939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051)])]), Author(id=1319293079543198470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293079614501640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293079543198470, language=EN, stringName=Siyuan HUO, firstName=Siyuan, middleName=null, lastName=HUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293079673221897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293079543198470, language=CN, stringName=霍思源, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293078268130025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078276518634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078280712939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1319293079752913674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=finned tube heat exchanger), Keyword(id=1319293079836799755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=ash accumulation), Keyword(id=1319293079908102924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=numerical simulation), Keyword(id=1319293079966823181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=fouling factor), Keyword(id=1319293080042320654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=翅片管换热器), Keyword(id=1319293080117818127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=积灰), Keyword(id=1319293080184926992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=数值模拟), Keyword(id=1319293080252035857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=脏堵系数)], refs=[Reference(id=1319293082948973364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高渊博,杨紫娟,张洁明,等.空气源热泵技术研究现状及发展[J].区域供热,2016(4):101-104., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293083016082229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO Y B,YANG Z J,ZHANG J M,et al.Research status and development of air source heat pump technology[J].District Heating,2016(4):101-104., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293083083191094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈健勇,李浩,陈颖,等.空气源热泵空调技术应用现状及发展前景[J].华电技术,2021,43(11):25-39., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293083326460727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN J Y,LI H,CHEN Y,et al.Application status and perspectives of air‑source heat pump air conditioning technology[J].Huadian Technology,2021,43(11):25-39., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293083385180984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU M,LI S,ZHANG X,et al.Techno‑economic analysis of air source heat pump combined with latent thermal energy storage applied for space heating in China[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2021,185:116434, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293083469067065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EPSTEIN N.Fouling in heat exchangers[C]//International Heat Transfer Conference.1978., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293083745891130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BEEK M V C,RINDT C C M,WIJERS G J,et al.Analysis of fouling in refuse waste incinerators[J].Heat Transfer Engineering,2001,22(1):22-31., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293083817194299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=鞠培玲,庄大伟,詹飞龙,等.空调换热器长期运行性能衰减的加速实验研究[J].制冷学报,2019,40(4):10-16., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293083896886076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JU P L,ZHUANG D W,ZHAN F L,et al.Accelerated experimenta investigation on long‑term performance degradation of heat exchangers in air conditionersr[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2019,40(4):10-16., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293083968189245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=鞠培玲,詹飞龙,庄大伟,等.翅片管换热器在析湿工况下的积灰特性及对空气侧压降的影响[J].制冷学报,2018,39(6):10-16., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293084148544318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JU P L,ZHAN F L,ZHUANG D W,et al.Effect on particle deposition characteristics and air‑side pressure dropof fin‑and‑tube heat exchangers under dehumidifying conditions[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2018,39(6):10-16., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293084228236095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU L D,WANG W,SUN Y Y,et al.Operating performances of a space heating ASHP unit with a foul outdoor coil following a prolonged cooling operation[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2018,88:614-625., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293084307927872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马广兴,杨伟杰,田晓焱等.翅片管换热器积灰对空气侧传热和压降影响的实验研究[J].可再生能源,2023,41(5):611-617., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293084379231041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA G X,YANG W J,TIAN XY,et al.Experimental investigation on the influence of particle depositionof finned tube heat exchanger on air‑side heat transferand pressure drop[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2023,41(5):611-617., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293084446339906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=唐家俊,詹飞龙,胡海涛,等. 翅片结构对翅片管换热器积灰与压降影响的实验研究[J].制冷学报,2017,38(1):1-7., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293084517643075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG J J,ZHAN F L,HU H T,et al.Experimental investigation on influence of fin structures on particledeposition and pressure drop of fin‑and‑tube heat exchangers[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2017,38(1):1-7., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293084584751940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马广兴,孙煜光,杜聪,等.空气源热泵换热器沙尘冲蚀磨损模拟研究[J].流体机械,2021,49(12):62-69., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293084647666501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA G X,SUN Y G,DU C,et al.Numerical simulation on sand erosion wear of heat exchanger of air source heat pump[J].Fluid Machinery,2021,49(12):62-69., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293084723163974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈剑波,洪诗颖,韩昆宏.石墨烯板翅式全热换热器性能试验研究[J].流体机械,2023,51(7):1-8., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293084790272839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN J B,HONG S Y,HAN K H.Experimental study on the performance of graphene plate‑fin total heat exchanger[J].Fluid Machinery,2023,51(7):1-8., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293084869964616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王丹,李家港,潘康,等.基于遗传算法的非对称翼形翅片印刷电路板式换热器优化设计[J].压力容器,2023,40(7) : 36-46., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293084953850697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG D,LI J G,PAN K,et al.Optimal design of the printed circuit heat exchanger with asymmetric airfoil fins based on genetic algorithm[J].Pressure Vessel Technology,2023,40(7):36-46., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293085016765258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴志伟,王通,尹霞,等.小孔混流折流板换热器壳程传热性能研究[J].压力容器,2023,40(10) :67-74., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293085096457035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU Z W,WANG T,YIN X,et al.Study of the shell‑side heat transfer performance of the heat exchangers with small‑hole mixed‑flow baffles[J].Pressure Vessel Technology,2023,40(10): 67-74., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293085159371596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱珊云,戴源德,曹杰,等.小管径开缝翅片管式换热器空气侧传热综合性能研究[J].流体机械,2022,50(5):68-75., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293085222286157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU S Y,DAI Y D,CAO J,et al.Analysis of comprehensive heat transfer performance at air‑side of slottedfin-and-tube heat exchangers with small diameter[J].Fluid Machinery,2022,50(5):68-75., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293085289395022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MENTER F R.Two‑equation eddy‑viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications[J].Aiaa Journal,1994,32(8):1598-1605., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293085348115279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BOURIS D,KONSTANTINIDIS E,BALABANI S,et al.Design of a novel,intensified heat exchanger for reduced fouling rates[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2005,48(18):3817-3832., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293085415224144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=唐家俊.翅片管换热器表面积灰特性及其对压降和换热性能的影响分析[D].上海:上海交通大学,2019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293085478138705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG J J.Analysis of surface area ash characteristics of finned tube heat exchanger and its influence on pressure drop and heat transfer performance[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University,2019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293085557830482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=常乐.TSP的粒度分级研究[J].环境科学与管理,2009,34(3):72-75., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293085633327955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHANG Le. Particle size grading study of TSP[J]. Environmental Science and Management,2009,34(3):72-75, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293078268130025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078276518634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078280712939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1319293080369476370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Geometry and boundary conditions, figureFileSmall=TCa0Y88bu67ZVbR0BqrgaQ==, figureFileBig=xafNiYOW3rZYIVdo/iyJYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293080440779539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=CN, label=图1, caption=几何模型及边界条件, figureFileSmall=TCa0Y88bu67ZVbR0BqrgaQ==, figureFileBig=xafNiYOW3rZYIVdo/iyJYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293080621134612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Schematic diagram of particulate matter deposition, figureFileSmall=SkaJW6GrykDWxkwAcJQGOg==, figureFileBig=tylRBWDjVGR9x9TMDPDw0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293080700826389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=CN, label=图2, caption=颗粒物沉积示意, figureFileSmall=SkaJW6GrykDWxkwAcJQGOg==, figureFileBig=tylRBWDjVGR9x9TMDPDw0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293080763740950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Computational mesh of the model, figureFileSmall=qOm/w4k87xezIr5fNF3zFw==, figureFileBig=5YnLi48Mr8bkR9DYqHy69g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293080818266903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=CN, label=图3, caption=模型计算网格, figureFileSmall=qOm/w4k87xezIr5fNF3zFw==, figureFileBig=5YnLi48Mr8bkR9DYqHy69g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293080889570072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The relationship between DPM deposition concentration and the number of grids, figureFileSmall=b5nI5TvVUFsJ4oYCQXH+Mg==, figureFileBig=kztCW5cO5Lp6lSzkCCtw5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293080965067545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=CN, label=图4, caption=DPM沉积浓度与网格数量的关系, figureFileSmall=b5nI5TvVUFsJ4oYCQXH+Mg==, figureFileBig=kztCW5cO5Lp6lSzkCCtw5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293081032176410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Comparison of the ΔP of the experimental and simulated values, figureFileSmall=aI0GOWXzyuR2sytiWDIVpA==, figureFileBig=HYMev6t5z5ridkoDCOK3vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293081090896667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=CN, label=图5, caption=试验值与模拟值的压降ΔP对比, figureFileSmall=aI0GOWXzyuR2sytiWDIVpA==, figureFileBig=HYMev6t5z5ridkoDCOK3vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293081158005532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=DPM trace, figureFileSmall=stEmo6U4VWJnI6JqtIbe3Q==, figureFileBig=/nXxSvfOe43k7Z4VrQ8Pgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293081225114397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=CN, label=图6, caption=DPM迹线图, figureFileSmall=stEmo6U4VWJnI6JqtIbe3Q==, figureFileBig=/nXxSvfOe43k7Z4VrQ8Pgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293081304806174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Surface deposition of heat exchange tubes, figureFileSmall=gYYd7YUMGhS8Q/84jzofkg==, figureFileBig=uU+dxKsFnzeFyMev+k39nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293081376109343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=CN, label=图7, caption=换热管表面沉积情况, figureFileSmall=gYYd7YUMGhS8Q/84jzofkg==, figureFileBig=uU+dxKsFnzeFyMev+k39nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293081434829600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Deposition angles of different particle sizes on the heat exchange tube surface, figureFileSmall=56U2XGcKsba1kflfFA2elQ==, figureFileBig=ORR1kbtgPUrG8BEC3ZnCHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293081514521377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=CN, label=图8, caption=各粒径颗粒物在换热管表面的沉积角度, figureFileSmall=56U2XGcKsba1kflfFA2elQ==, figureFileBig=ORR1kbtgPUrG8BEC3ZnCHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293081577435938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=The proportion of deposition in each deposition area on the surface of the heat exchanger tube, figureFileSmall=0HRTaoXeBHNlaWAvqADHtQ==, figureFileBig=SZYvpkw2Jo2S+MvnpxB8Nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293081648739107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=CN, label=图9, caption=换热管表面各沉积区域的沉积占比, figureFileSmall=0HRTaoXeBHNlaWAvqADHtQ==, figureFileBig=SZYvpkw2Jo2S+MvnpxB8Nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293081724236580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Variation curves of the deposition quality of the heat exchanger as a function of wind speed, figureFileSmall=Gdc1rBzUTbfKnyzxJNMx8A==, figureFileBig=5rk0bxkpgPF2kYFalGGUlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293081803928357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=CN, label=图10, caption=换热器总体、翅片、换热管表面沉积质量随风速变化曲线, figureFileSmall=Gdc1rBzUTbfKnyzxJNMx8A==, figureFileBig=5rk0bxkpgPF2kYFalGGUlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293081879425830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Variation of DPM quality on the surface of the heat exchanger and the heat exchanger tube, figureFileSmall=1NoMs88uMQg+59TbhtiRIQ==, figureFileBig=AAzF+uej6pHq4uarzgmrvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293081959117607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=CN, label=图11, caption=换热器总体与换热管表面DPM质量变化, figureFileSmall=1NoMs88uMQg+59TbhtiRIQ==, figureFileBig=AAzF+uej6pHq4uarzgmrvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293082043003688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Heat exchanger pressure drop over time, figureFileSmall=ivee171fcSvKJ4VmFIz29Q==, figureFileBig=Vm6S5McKEDmZhpZsBf74ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293082118501161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=CN, label=图12, caption=换热器压降随时间变化, figureFileSmall=ivee171fcSvKJ4VmFIz29Q==, figureFileBig=Vm6S5McKEDmZhpZsBf74ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293082185610026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Schematic diagram of the test bench, figureFileSmall=kqJMlOgg8JWIeQi/RcIw/A==, figureFileBig=5mHRcC7/ARo4QelqEsq2mQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293082265301803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=CN, label=图13, caption=实验台示意, figureFileSmall=kqJMlOgg8JWIeQi/RcIw/A==, figureFileBig=5mHRcC7/ARo4QelqEsq2mQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293082340799276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Unprocessed diagram and Kirsch operator detection diagram, figureFileSmall=DyJHRY3lXMnMO6m7dmh6fQ==, figureFileBig=Ws8XOzZUX1LYW2q3XwXgVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293082424685357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=CN, label=图14, caption=未处理图及Kirsch算子检测图, figureFileSmall=DyJHRY3lXMnMO6m7dmh6fQ==, figureFileBig=Ws8XOzZUX1LYW2q3XwXgVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293082487599918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Dirt plugging coefficient of heat exchanger when particulate matter concentration is 1.2 and 2.7 g/m3, figureFileSmall=rL8vUnVlJbVCs0vm09BsXQ==, figureFileBig=7PBOQVg4QE2O1sljxr8bVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293082542125871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=CN, label=图15, caption=颗粒物浓度为1.2,2.7 g/m3时换热器脏堵系数, figureFileSmall=rL8vUnVlJbVCs0vm09BsXQ==, figureFileBig=7PBOQVg4QE2O1sljxr8bVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293082617623344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Geometric model structure parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
翅片间距/mm横向管间距S1/mm纵向管间距S2/mm管排数D/mm翅片厚度/mm
210.5126100.2
), ArticleFig(id=1319293082688926513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

几何模型结构参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
翅片间距/mm横向管间距S1/mm纵向管间距S2/mm管排数D/mm翅片厚度/mm
210.5126100.2
), ArticleFig(id=1319293082764423986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Physical property parameters of SiO2

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物性参数数值
密度/(kg·m-3)2 250
粒径/µm1~30
等效杨氏模量/Pa3.8×1010
表面能/(J·m-2)0.3
等效剪切模量/Pa7.6×109
屈服应力/N2.65×108
), ArticleFig(id=1319293082848310067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

SiO2物性参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物性参数数值
密度/(kg·m-3)2 250
粒径/µm1~30
等效杨氏模量/Pa3.8×1010
表面能/(J·m-2)0.3
等效剪切模量/Pa7.6×109
屈服应力/N2.65×108
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1316780368948461702, delFlag=0, nameCn=流体机械, nameEn=Fluid Machinery, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1005-0329, eissn=null, cn=34-1144/TH, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=T/yG2istNFJxG1qx0cqDTw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Fluid Machinery, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1791874504560, updatedTime=1791874868033, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=L, firstLetterEn=L, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=T/yG2istNFJxG1qx0cqDTw==, picEn=CS1gC9o9es9nXbAEm8P8+w==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1316781893606027524, language=CN, name=流体机械, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1791874868060, updatedTime=1791874868060, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://ltjx.portal.founderss.cn, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn, submissionReviewUrl=https://ltjx.portal.founderss.cn, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1316781893668942085, language=EN, name=Fluid Machinery, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1791874868075, updatedTime=1791874868075, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://ltjx.portal.founderss.cn, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn, submissionReviewUrl=https://ltjx.portal.founderss.cn, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1316781260334530699, websiteList=[Website(id=1317081487795663857, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1316781260334530699, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/CN, language=CN, createTime=1791946296881, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1791946353450, updateBy=18614031015, name=流体机械-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=流体机械, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1317081840243036186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487795663857, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1791946380911, updateTime=1791946380911, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081840209481751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487795663857, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1791946380903, updateTime=1791946380903, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081840264007709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487795663857, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1791946380916, updateTime=1791946380916, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081840196898838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487795663857, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/CN/file/pic?fileId=n0bCTCfOW0iMz31MWuwyhA==, createTime=1791946380901, updateTime=1791946380901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081840276590623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487795663857, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1791946380919, updateTime=1791946380919, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081840234647577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487795663857, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/CN/file/pic, createTime=1791946380909, updateTime=1791946380909, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081840268202014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487795663857, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1791946380917, updateTime=1791946380917, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081840222064664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487795663857, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1791946380906, updateTime=1791946380906, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081840251424795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487795663857, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1791946380913, updateTime=1791946380913, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081840255619100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487795663857, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1791946380914, updateTime=1791946380914, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1317081488118625276, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1316781260334530699, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/EN, language=EN, createTime=1791946296958, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1791946348731, updateBy=18614031015, name=流体机械-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Fluid Machinery, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1317081869636718631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488118625276, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1791946387919, updateTime=1791946387919, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081869611552804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488118625276, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1791946387913, updateTime=1791946387913, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081869657690154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488118625276, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1791946387924, updateTime=1791946387924, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081869603164195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488118625276, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/EN/file/pic?fileId=n0bCTCfOW0iMz31MWuwyhA==, createTime=1791946387911, updateTime=1791946387911, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081869674467372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488118625276, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1791946387928, updateTime=1791946387928, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081869628330022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488118625276, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/EN/file/pic, createTime=1791946387917, updateTime=1791946387917, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081869666078763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488118625276, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1791946387926, updateTime=1791946387926, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081869619941413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488118625276, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1791946387915, updateTime=1791946387915, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081869640912936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488118625276, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1791946387920, updateTime=1791946387920, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081869649301545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488118625276, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1791946387922, updateTime=1791946387922, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=流体机械, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.cfmjournal.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Fluid Machinery, journalPhotoCn=T/yG2istNFJxG1qx0cqDTw==, journalPhotoEn=CS1gC9o9es9nXbAEm8P8+w==, journalFirstLetter=L, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.007, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.007, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/CN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.007, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/EN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.007, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1743264000000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
空气源热泵翅片管换热器积灰特性研究
收藏切换
赵勇 , 马广兴 , 常琛 , 何怡 , 苑文燕 , 霍思源
流体机械 | 设计计算 2025,53(3): 52-60
收起
收藏切换
流体机械 |设计计算 2025 , 53 (3) : 52 -60
空气源热泵翅片管换热器积灰特性研究
全屏
[Author(id=1319293078352016109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhaoyong90408@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293078431707887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293078352016109, language=EN, stringName=Yong ZHAO, firstName=Yong, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293078498816752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293078352016109, language=CN, stringName=赵勇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051, bio={"content":"

赵勇(1999),男,硕士研究生,主要从事空气源热泵室外换热器的积灰与除灰等相关的研究,E-mail:。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

赵勇(1999),男,硕士研究生,主要从事空气源热泵室外换热器的积灰与除灰等相关的研究,E-mail:。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293078268130025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078276518634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078280712939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051)])]), Author(id=1319293078574314226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=mgx126@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293078649811700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293078574314226, language=EN, stringName=Guangxing MA, firstName=Guangxing, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293078716920565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293078574314226, language=CN, stringName=马广兴, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293078268130025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078276518634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078280712939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051)])]), Author(id=1319293078800806647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293078897275641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293078800806647, language=EN, stringName=Chen CHANG, firstName=Chen, middleName=null, lastName=CHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293078968578810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293078800806647, language=CN, stringName=常琛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293078268130025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078276518634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078280712939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051)])]), Author(id=1319293079031493372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293079127962366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293079031493372, language=EN, stringName=Yi HE, firstName=Yi, middleName=null, lastName=HE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293079203459839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293079031493372, language=CN, stringName=何怡, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293078268130025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078276518634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078280712939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051)])]), Author(id=1319293079262180097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293079362843395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293079262180097, language=EN, stringName=Wenyan YUAN, firstName=Wenyan, middleName=null, lastName=YUAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293079480283908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293079262180097, language=CN, stringName=苑文燕, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293078268130025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078276518634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078280712939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051)])]), Author(id=1319293079543198470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293079614501640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293079543198470, language=EN, stringName=Siyuan HUO, firstName=Siyuan, middleName=null, lastName=HUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293079673221897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, authorId=1319293079543198470, language=CN, stringName=霍思源, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293078268130025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078276518634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293078280712939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293075084653256, companyId=1319293078268130025, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051)])])]
赵勇 , 马广兴 , 常琛, 何怡, 苑文燕, 霍思源
作者信息
  • 内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051
通讯作者:
马广兴(1972),男,博士,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事热泵技术与建筑节能、低碳建筑与可再生能源利用等相关研究,通信地址:010051 内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市内蒙古工业大学土木工程学院,E-mail:。
作者简介:

赵勇(1999),男,硕士研究生,主要从事空气源热泵室外换热器的积灰与除灰等相关的研究,E-mail:。

Investigation into ash deposition characteristics on finned tube heat exchangers used in air source heat pumps
Yong ZHAO , Guangxing MA , Chen CHANG, Yi HE, Wenyan YUAN, Siyuan HUO
Affiliations
  • College of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China
出版时间: 2025-03-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.007
文章导航
收藏切换

针对空气源热泵因室外换热器脏堵而耗能增加和效率降低的问题,以翅片管换热器为研究对象,综合运用数值模拟与试验验证的方法,借助Fluent流体动力学软件,对颗粒物在6排管的翅片管换热器表面的沉积进行研究,采用SST k-ω模型,分析不同粒径颗粒物在换热器表面的沉积特性。同时,搭建积灰试验系统对数值模拟结果进行验证,利用CCD工业相机捕捉积灰过程中翅片表面的图像,并通过MATLAB对图像与数据进行处理和分析。结果表明,换热管表面的颗粒物沉积分布主要在±75°区域,沉积占比达94%;在换热管的背面,即±(160∼180)°区域,沉积占比仅为2%;在较低风速下,换热器表面的颗粒物沉积质量随风速增大而降低;风速达到1.5 m/s后,沉积质量开始上升;混合颗粒物对换热器的脏堵效应具有协同作用,相较于单一粒径颗粒物,混合颗粒物在换热器表面的最大沉积质量、压降及脏堵系数均呈现出更高的水平。研究结果可为空气源热泵系统在实际应用中的维护与优化提供参考。

翅片管换热器  /  积灰  /  数值模拟  /  脏堵系数

To address the issue of rising energy consumption and decreased efficiency in air source heat pumps caused by outdoor heat exchanger fouling,taking finned tube heat exchanger as the research object,this study utilized Fluent computational fluid dynamics software to investigate particulate matter deposition on a finned tube heat exchanger with six rows of tubes.SST k-ω model was adopted.The research deposition patterns of particulate matter with varying sizes on heat exchanger surfaces.At the same time,an experimental setup dedicated to ash deposition is constructed with the objective of validating numerical simulation outcomes.The CCD industrial camera is used to capture the image of the fin surface during the ash deposition process.Subsequently,the captured images and generated data underwent meticulous processing and analysis utilizing MATLAB software.Based on the conclusion drawn,the particle deposition distribution on the surface of the heat exchange tube primarily occurs within the ±75°area,constituting 94% of the total deposition.On the back of the heat exchange tube,the deposition ratio is only 2% with the ± (160~180)°area.At low wind speed,the mass of particle deposition on the heat exchanger surface decreases as wind speed increases.When the wind speed reaches 1.5 m/s,the deposition quality begins to rise.The findings reveales a distinct pattern in the ash deposition process:The mixed particles exhibit a synergistic effect on the fouling of the heat exchanger.The maximum deposition mass on the heat exchanger surface and the resulting pressure drop and fouling coefficient are higher than those of single particle size particles.The research results can provide reference for the maintenance and optimization of air source heat pump system in practical application.

finned tube heat exchanger  /  ash accumulation  /  numerical simulation  /  fouling factor
赵勇, 马广兴, 常琛, 何怡, 苑文燕, 霍思源. 空气源热泵翅片管换热器积灰特性研究. 流体机械, 2025 , 53 (3) : 52 -60 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.007
Yong ZHAO, Guangxing MA, Chen CHANG, Yi HE, Wenyan YUAN, Siyuan HUO. Investigation into ash deposition characteristics on finned tube heat exchangers used in air source heat pumps[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2025 , 53 (3) : 52 -60 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.007
空气源热泵凭借绿色环保,兼具制冷、制热功能得到了飞速的发展[1-3]。然而,空气源热泵翅片管换热器结构紧密,翅片间距狭小,长期在户外运行容易导致积灰脏堵,影响换热器的传热效率。因此,研究翅片管换热器的颗粒物沉积情况具有重要意义。
国内外学者已广泛研究换热器积灰机理、粉尘分布及沉积因素。EPSTEIN[4]根据脏堵方式对颗粒物在换热器表面积聚的物理和化学原因进行分类,发现换热器脏堵是多种方式共同作用的结果。BEEK等[5]通过调查取样分析指出,在自然环境中的常规风速条件下,换热器表面的沉积物粒径分布主要集中于1~450 μm范围内,绝大多数沉积物粒径较小,为1~10 μm。鞠培玲等[6-7]研究指出,灰尘会导致换热器空气侧压降增大,使换热性能下降,使用5年后的空调器换热量出现11.2%~19.3%的衰减。LIU等[8]对某空气源热泵实施长达120 天的持续监测,发现积灰覆盖了60%的换热器表面,使空气侧压降上升187.5%。马广兴等[9]针对平直翅片换热器的积灰进行了研究,结果显示,当风速从1.5 m/s提升至3.0 m/s,空气侧污垢热阻降低了54%、压降上升了18.3%。唐家俊等[10]对翅片管换热器积灰的实验研究中,发现随着翅片管换热器表面积灰量的增大,空气侧阻力先逐渐升高而后趋于稳定。目前,对于空气源热泵换热器的积灰情况主要集中于积灰对换热器造成的影响,关于空气源热泵室外换热器粉尘沉积情况的研究尚不充分。
综上所述,本文借助Fluent流体动力学软件和离散相模型(discrete phase model,DPM)模型,对翅片管换热器表面粉尘在不同影响因素下沉积规律及脏堵变化进行分析,为优化空气源热泵室外换热器,以及降低维护成本提供理论依据。
针对典型狭窄过流通道的翅片管换热器[11-15],为理解粉尘沉积特性,对6排管进行数值研究,几何模型及边界条件如图1所示。计算域由入口段、测试段及出口段3部分组成。测试段内布置了3个直径为10 mm的圆形换热管及6个相同直径的半圆形换热管,沿流体流向排列,三个圆形换热管沿流动方向分别命名为管1、管2和管3。入口段长度为换热管直径D的6倍,以确保入口段流体分布均匀。出口段长度为换热管直径的8倍,以有效避免出口段出现回流。翅片管换热器的几何模型结构参数见表1。根据GB/T 13270-1991《大气试验粉尘标准样品模拟大气尘》规定,试验中使用主要成分为SiO2的白陶土代替粉尘颗粒,SiO2物性参数见表2。
模拟湍流和非定常条件下的气体流动采用SST k-ω湍流模型[16-17]:
DρkDt=τij∂Ui∂xj-β*ρωk+∂∂xj(μ+σkμt)∂k∂xj
DρωDt=γvtτij∂Ui∂xj-βρω2+∂∂xjμ+σωμt∂ω∂xj+2(1-F1)ρσω21ω∂k∂xj∂ω∂xj
γ=β/β*-σωkf2β*
式中,ρ为流体的密度;k为湍流动能;τij为雷诺应力;Ui为相应的平均速度分量;xj为垂直方向;ω为湍流耗散率;μ是分子动力黏度;μt为湍流黏度;vt为流体的运动黏性系数;F1为SST混合函数;模型中的常数σk=0.85,σω=0.5,σω2=0.856,β=0.075,β*=0.09,kf=0.41。
颗粒相运动方程为:
ϕρP∂∂t+uPi∂∂xivP                          =ϕρPDvPDt=-∇ρP+∇τP+FbP+FPσPZP
式中,ϕ为孔隙率;ρP为颗粒相密度;uPi为流体相速度;vP为颗粒相速度;pP为颗粒相压力;τP为固相黏性应力张量;FbP为固相体积力;FP为气固两相的相互作用力;σP为颗粒相互作用系数;ZP为其他外场耦合项。
颗粒相能量方程为:
   ∂ϕ(UmP+0.5vP2+ϕP)∂t   +∂∂xiϕρPuPi(UmP+0.5vP2+ϕP)   -uPiτPij+δijuPiPP-QcPj+FPudi=kT(Tg-TP+eP)
式中,ϕP为气相势能;UmP为单位质量气相内能;τPij为气相黏性应力张量的第ij个分量;QcPj为j方向上气相的热传导通量分量;udi为相对速度;kT为气体与颗粒物之间的热摩擦系数;Tg为流体温度;TP为颗粒温度;eP为颗粒相能量
颗粒物在翅片间及换热管表面的传播路径及沉积示意如图2所示。
一般情况下,在颗粒-空气两相流动中,颗粒的速度UP与流体速度U不同。滑移速度U-UP在颗粒表面引起不均匀的压力分布和黏性应力,形成曳力合力。
单个粒子在均匀流场中的曳力表示为:
FD=12πCDAPρfuf-uPuf-uP=18πCDρfdP2uf-uP(uf-uP)
式中,CD为曳力系数;AP为流体作用面积;ρf为流体密度,kg/m3;uf为流体速度,m/s;uP为颗粒物速度,m/s;dP为颗粒尺寸,m。
为了便于描述,将来流方向(水平方向)与沉积位置、换热管中心点之间的连线,形成的夹角定义为β。如图2(b)所示。颗粒物在换热管上沉积的角度表达式为:
β=arctan3μ1μ2CDReP+4ρPdP2mg3μ1CDReP-4μ2ρPdP2mg
式中,μ1为圆管的杨氏模量,N/m2;μ2为空气的黏附系数,Pa·s;CD为阻力系数;ReP为颗粒物雷诺数;ρP为颗粒物密度;dP为颗粒物直径;m为颗粒物质量;g为重力加速度。
在计算域入口处注入灰粉颗粒,其质量流量为1×10-4 kg/s,压力和温度的平均值不变。颗粒的直径在1~30 μm范围内,在入口处,2 100个颗粒同时被喷射到流体中。在150个时间步长内,有315 000个粒子被释放到流场中,这相当于在不少于一个主旋涡脱落运动周期,并且追踪颗粒直到离开计算域[18]。
计算域包括四个边界:入口、出口和两个周期边界面(上、下)。在计算过程中采用SST k-ω模型,考虑重力、热泳力、萨夫曼升力、虚拟质量力、压力梯度力等。在入口边界处,假设进入计算域的空气速度均匀,入口与出口的湍流强度均设定为5%,边界条件类型均为escape;在翅片及换热管表面,规定了速度和恒温Tw的无滑移条件,边界条件设定为reflect;横向采用周期边界条件;对流与扩散项采用二阶离散格式。当所有变量的残差均降至1×10-6以下时,视为数值计算达到收敛。
图3示出用于模拟的计算网格,由预处理程序mesh生成。计算模型网格采用四面体结构,分别对换热管与翅片表面进行加密、面尺寸调整处理。模拟翅片管换热器气流入口速度为1~3 m/s的工况。上述尺寸和运行条件具有代表性,预期结果也适用于其他应用。通过换热器整体和换热管DPM沉积浓度特征,进行网格无关性验证。测试网格数为3~200万,得出网格数与DPM沉积浓度的关系,如图4所示。网格数从119万增至200万时,整体沉积浓度变化率为0.083%,换热管表面沉积浓度变化率为0.073%,均低于0.1%。因此,可以认为网格数达到119万时,模型数值解与网格无关。
本文计算翅片间的流场时使用标准SST k-ω湍流模型,采用的翅片结构参数与马广兴等[9]试验一致。其中,迎风面气流速度为1~3 m/s,相对应的雷诺数的范围为2 104~3 099。
压降ΔP的模拟值与试验值如图5所示,两者之间的最大偏差为8.76%,且平均偏差仅为4.24%,显示了较高的一致性,验证了本文所采用的流场计算模型具有较高的可靠性。
对于颗粒撞击换热器,基于所提出的模型,在Fluent中开发了一个自定义函数(DEFINE_DPM_EROSION)来描述颗粒的沉积过程。
样品中粉尘的粒径主要集中于0.1~50 µm,不同地区的样品中,该粒径范围内的粉尘比例普遍高于79%[19]。使用Mastersizer 2000激光衍射粒度分析仪分析样本的粒径,粒径测量范围为0.02~2 000 µm。结果显示,粉尘的中值粒径为10 µm[9]。常乐[20]研究发现,室外大气中总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)的粒度分布呈现出双峰特征,冬季大约在7,20 µm处出现峰值。综上所述,空气中的颗粒物的粒径范围主要集中在0~30 μm。因此,为了更全面地研究颗粒物在翅片表面的沉积行为,选取粒径为1,5,10,20,30 μm的颗粒物进行研究。
颗粒物在沉积过程中,其行为不仅受颗粒与壁面间的碰撞影响,还受流体内部颗粒复杂运动的影响。图6和图7分别为颗粒物在流速v=1.5 m/s,1~30 μm粒径,遵循Rosin‑Rammler函数分布条件下,6排翅片管换热器的DPM迹线和换热管表面的沉积情况。
DPM在流经换热管后,其运动状态由层流逐渐转变为湍流,伴随着交替的脱落现象,这些脱落的颗粒形成了明显的涡流。当这些涡流继续向下游流动,并与下游管道表面相遇时,在管道前部观察到颗粒物附着现象。这种再附着现象,进一步引发了流体的横向流动,可有效消除下游管道右侧上下段的滞留点,使颗粒物的分布更加均匀。对于试验中的粒径范围,大部分颗粒能够跟随流体的主流运动,与管道的前部发生碰撞,只有少部分颗粒被卷入尾迹区域。
在1.5 m/s风速下,分别对粒径为1,5,10,20,30 μm及遵循Rosin‑Rammler函数的6组颗粒物进行翅片管换热器积灰试验。图8为各粒径颗粒物的沉积角度分布。可以看出,颗粒物沉积出现在整个换热管表面,并呈现出明显的分布规律。对于面向来流的第1排管道,颗粒物沉积主要发生在迎风停滞区,对应于换热管上的0°角表面。
管1主要沉积在0°~70°及300°~360°范围内,管2主要沉积在0°~95°及280°~360°范围内,管3主要沉积在0°~95°及285°~360°范围内。总体来看,粉尘颗粒物主要沉积在0°~70°及285°~360°范围内,同时,在管的后端,颗粒沉积分布在160°~200°范围内,沉积峰值出现在背风面180°左右。颗粒沉积主要发生在低流速区域,如停滞区、脱落再附着区和流动分离区。当颗粒直径大于20 μm时,第一排管前部沉积浓度最大,后排管迎风侧次之。颗粒物粒径为5~10 μm时,3排管道分布类似,均在管前部沉积浓度最大,尾迹区的沉积略小,但分布区域较广。
1,20,30 μm的颗粒物几乎不在换热管的背面沉积,而5,10 μm颗粒物在背部沉积较多,且5 μm颗粒物在换热管沉积分布范围较广,10 μm颗粒物主要沉积在170°~185°范围内。当颗粒物直径在1~30 μm及遵循Rosin‑Rammler分布时,粉尘沉积分布情况与10 μm颗粒物情况相似。
在风速为1.5 m/s、颗粒物直径在1~30 μm及遵循Rosin‑Rammler分布条件下,各管道的颗粒物沉积占比情况如图9所示。为了方便地描述沉积的分布,将整个换热管分为±180°的扇形区域,并设定多个特定的角度范围来界定不同的沉积区域。如0°~30°及330°~360°为±30°区域,涵盖了换热管的初始和末端部分。类似地,定义±45°区域、±60°区域、±75°区域及±(160~180)°区域。根据数据分析可知,对于管1,±30°,±45°,±60°,±75°区域的沉积分别占48%,71%,87%,97%,但±(160~180)°区域仅占1.3%。管2的±30°区域的沉积比例相较于管1略增,为51%;±45°,±60°,±75°区域的沉积占比略有下降,分别为70%,83%,89%;±(160~180)°区域沉积占比增至1.9%。管3的±30°,±45°,±60°,±75°区域沉积占比与管1类似,分别占50%,72%,86%,96%;±(160~180)°区域的沉积占比增加显著,为3.6%,显示出管3背面的沉积现象较为显著。总体来看,换热管表面的颗粒物沉积分布主要在±75°区域,这一区域占据了沉积总体的绝大部分,达到了94%,且约50%的颗粒物沉积发生在±30°区域内,±45°及±60°区域分别占71%,85%,在换热管的背面,即±(160~180)°区域,沉积占比较低,仅为2%。
根据GB 50736—2012 《民用建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范》 及实地测量结果,可以确定空气源热泵室外换热器的迎面风速通常在1~3 m/s之间。在总流量为0.000 1 kg/s,颗粒物直径在1~30 μm之间及遵循Rosin‑Rammler分布的条件下,对换热器总体、翅片及换热管在不同风速下的颗粒物沉积质量进行了对比分析,具体考察的风速包括1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0 m/s。
换热器总体、翅片及换热管表面的沉积质量随风速变化情况如图10所示。
在风速较低时,颗粒物沉积质量均随风速增大而逐渐降低。风速达到1.5 m/s时,沉积质量最低值分别为5.25,3.41,0.41 g。随风速继续增大,翅片表面颗粒物沉积质量先增大,风速为2 m/s后开始减小;换热管表面的沉积质量先增大,风速增加到2.5 m/s时,沉积质量峰值为0.72 g,随后逐渐减小;换热器总体的沉积质量则在1.5 m/s风速后,随风速增大而持续增加,这可能与整体流场和颗粒物运动特性有关。
在风速为1.5 m/s,总流量为0.000 1 kg/s,粒径为10,20 μm及两者混合的颗粒物时,换热器总体及换热管表面的DPM质量变化情况如图11所示。
3种不同粒径的颗粒物在换热器总体的沉积质量呈现出一种相似的增长模式。初期,沉积质量迅速上升,表明颗粒物在初始阶段对沉积过程具有显著影响。当沉积质量达到1.8 g后,沉积质量的增长速度逐渐减缓,10,20 μm粒径与混合粒径颗粒物在换热器总体的沉积质量分别增长到3.2,8.2,8.6 g后逐渐趋于稳定。同样地,在换热管表面沉积质量的变化也遵循类似的规律,在初始阶段快速增长,随着颗粒物沉积量的增加,沉积速度逐渐降低。当沉积质量达到0.1 g后,沉积质量的增长速度逐渐减缓,10,20 μm粒径与混合粒径颗粒物在换热管表面的沉积质量分别增长到0.13,0.26,0.29 g后逐渐趋于稳定。表明系统在经过一段时间的运行后,达到了一个相对稳定的动态平衡状态。
微小粒径的颗粒因其较好的气流跟随能力,容易在通过换热器时被气流携带而有效逸出,减少与翅片及换热管接触,沉积量降低。而大粒径颗粒因惯性作用,易偏离主流轨迹,增加与翅片和换热管的碰撞,沉积量上升。当10,20 μm的颗粒按7∶3的比例混合时,混合颗粒对换热器表面的沉积质量产生了显著的协同作用,混合颗粒的最大沉积质量(8.6 g)超过了单一粒径颗粒的沉积质量(10 μm为3.2 g,20 μm为8.3 g)。在换热管表面,混合颗粒的最大沉积质量(0.29 g)同样高于单一粒径颗粒的沉积质量(10 μm为0.13 g,20 μm为0.28 g),证明混合颗粒对换热器沉积效应的增强作用。
换热器压降随时间的变化如图12所示。
在初始阶段,压降迅速增加。超过100 Pa后,增速减缓并趋于动态平衡。混合颗粒、10,20 μm的颗粒物引发换热器压降达到稳定状态所需时间递增,稳定后的压降增幅呈递减态势。这是因为在相同风速下,部分大粒径颗粒因重力作用提前沉积于风道底部,减少与换热器表面接触,降低比表面积。小粒径颗粒随气流达换热器,具有更大比表面积,增强吸附效应。混合颗粒物对换热器的沉积具有协同效果,其影响程度超过了单一粒径颗粒物,对换热器空气侧压降产生较大影响。
搭建换热器表面粉尘沉积的可视化实验台(如图13所示),主要目的是通过风道系统对换热器进行积灰,使用常见的平直式翅片管换热器作为测试样件。
整个实验台的核心部分包括尺寸为300 mm×300 mm×3 500 mm的风道系统、测试样件、均流段、颗粒物混合段、测试段、图像采集段及数据处理段等。试验中选择型号为HXF-100的可调速离心风机,流量达到2 100 m3/h,全压为1 050 Pa。图像采集段及数据处理段选用高速视觉计算机与型号为STC-SCS231POE的CCD工业相机,通过高速数据电缆和触发电缆连接。
对脏堵区域的像素点进行划分,相似阈值的像素点归并到同一类别,以更精确地映射出换热器表面的脏堵分布。定义换热器表面脏堵系数S为脏堵区域面积与翅片管换热器投影区域总面积之间的比例关系。表面脏堵系数S通过计算各阶段脏堵图像中像素点总数与换热器外露区域的像素总数之比得到。计算式如下:
S=∑x,pg(x,y)N
式中,g(x,y)为试验过程不同阶段的像素点;N为换热器外露区域图像的像素总数。
由于室外换热器脏堵现象的形成周期较长,因此,采用高颗粒物浓度下短时间积灰的试验方法,模拟颗粒物沉积过程。首先,将洁净的测试样件安装到测试风道中。气流经风机驱动从空气进口处吸入风道,经过匀流板的影响,平稳地穿过换热器。然后,填充粉尘于螺旋给料机漏斗,启动后调节螺旋杆转速以精确控制粉尘浓度,使粉尘在混合段与气流充分混合。混合后的含尘气流经过换热器,最终由空气出口排出。在此过程中,CCD相机每60 s捕捉一次翅片表面图像,并将这些图像实时传输至高速视觉计算机进行分析和处理。
使用MATLAB软件中的Kirsch算子对图像进行锐化处理,使轮廓、边缘和脏堵区域的特征更加清晰,以获得每个图像的像素点个数。
图14示出10,20 μm粒径的颗粒物按7∶3的比例进行混合,粉尘浓度为1.2 g/m3时,换热器表面在0,30,60 min时,粉尘沉积处理前后图像。
风速为1.5 m/s,颗粒物浓度分别为1.2,2.7 g/m3条件下,室外换热器脏堵系数如图15所示。颗粒物浓度为1.2,2.7 g/m3时,3种不同颗粒物粒径对空气源热泵室外换热器的脏堵系数的影响均呈现出相似的趋势。浓度为1.2 g/m3时,初始阶段脏堵系数随时间迅速上升,表明颗粒物对脏堵产生显著影响。15 min时,脏堵系数达到20%,然后增长速度逐渐减缓,达到30%后逐渐趋于稳定。此时系统达到相对稳定的动态平衡状态。
当10,20 μm的颗粒物混合时,脏堵系数明显高于仅由单一粒径颗粒物所引起的脏堵系数。浓度为1.2 g/m3时,10,20 μm颗粒物及混合颗粒物最大脏堵系数分别为32.6%,33.2%,37.8%。浓度为2.7 g/m3时,10,20 μm颗粒物及混合颗粒物的最大脏堵系数分别为33.0%,34.2%,38.5%。
(1)颗粒物流经换热管后出现湍流和交替脱落现象,并形成涡流。当涡流到达下游管道表面时,在管道前部出现再附着现象。旋涡再附着引起的横向流动消除了下游管道右侧上下段的滞留点。
(2)换热管表面的颗粒物沉积分布主要集中在±75°区域,且约50%的颗粒物沉积发生在±30°区域内,而在换热管的背面〔±(160~180)°区域〕沉积占比较低。
(3)在较低风速下,换热器总体的颗粒物沉积质量随风速增大而降低;风速达到1.5 m/s后,沉积质量开始上升。此时,换热器总体、翅片及换热管表面的沉积质量分别为5.25,3.41,0.41 g。
(4)混合颗粒物对换热器的脏堵效应具有协同作用,在换热器表面的最大沉积质量及导致的压降与脏堵系数均高于单一粒径颗粒物。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
高渊博,杨紫娟,张洁明,等.空气源热泵技术研究现状及发展[J].区域供热,2016(4):101-104.
GAO Y B,YANG Z J,ZHANG J M,et al.Research status and development of air source heat pump technology[J].District Heating,2016(4):101-104.
2
陈健勇,李浩,陈颖,等.空气源热泵空调技术应用现状及发展前景[J].华电技术,2021,43(11):25-39.
CHEN J Y,LI H,CHEN Y,et al.Application status and perspectives of air‑source heat pump air conditioning technology[J].Huadian Technology,2021,43(11):25-39.
3
YU M,LI S,ZHANG X,et al.Techno‑economic analysis of air source heat pump combined with latent thermal energy storage applied for space heating in China[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2021,185:116434
4
EPSTEIN N.Fouling in heat exchangers[C]//International Heat Transfer Conference.1978.
5
BEEK M V C,RINDT C C M,WIJERS G J,et al.Analysis of fouling in refuse waste incinerators[J].Heat Transfer Engineering,2001,22(1):22-31.
6
鞠培玲,庄大伟,詹飞龙,等.空调换热器长期运行性能衰减的加速实验研究[J].制冷学报,2019,40(4):10-16.
JU P L,ZHUANG D W,ZHAN F L,et al.Accelerated experimenta investigation on long‑term performance degradation of heat exchangers in air conditionersr[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2019,40(4):10-16.
7
鞠培玲,詹飞龙,庄大伟,等.翅片管换热器在析湿工况下的积灰特性及对空气侧压降的影响[J].制冷学报,2018,39(6):10-16.
JU P L,ZHAN F L,ZHUANG D W,et al.Effect on particle deposition characteristics and air‑side pressure dropof fin‑and‑tube heat exchangers under dehumidifying conditions[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2018,39(6):10-16.
8
LIU L D,WANG W,SUN Y Y,et al.Operating performances of a space heating ASHP unit with a foul outdoor coil following a prolonged cooling operation[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2018,88:614-625.
9
马广兴,杨伟杰,田晓焱等.翅片管换热器积灰对空气侧传热和压降影响的实验研究[J].可再生能源,2023,41(5):611-617.
MA G X,YANG W J,TIAN XY,et al.Experimental investigation on the influence of particle depositionof finned tube heat exchanger on air‑side heat transferand pressure drop[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2023,41(5):611-617.
10
唐家俊,詹飞龙,胡海涛,等. 翅片结构对翅片管换热器积灰与压降影响的实验研究[J].制冷学报,2017,38(1):1-7.
TANG J J,ZHAN F L,HU H T,et al.Experimental investigation on influence of fin structures on particledeposition and pressure drop of fin‑and‑tube heat exchangers[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2017,38(1):1-7.
11
马广兴,孙煜光,杜聪,等.空气源热泵换热器沙尘冲蚀磨损模拟研究[J].流体机械,2021,49(12):62-69.
MA G X,SUN Y G,DU C,et al.Numerical simulation on sand erosion wear of heat exchanger of air source heat pump[J].Fluid Machinery,2021,49(12):62-69.
12
陈剑波,洪诗颖,韩昆宏.石墨烯板翅式全热换热器性能试验研究[J].流体机械,2023,51(7):1-8.
CHEN J B,HONG S Y,HAN K H.Experimental study on the performance of graphene plate‑fin total heat exchanger[J].Fluid Machinery,2023,51(7):1-8.
13
王丹,李家港,潘康,等.基于遗传算法的非对称翼形翅片印刷电路板式换热器优化设计[J].压力容器,2023,40(7) : 36-46.
WANG D,LI J G,PAN K,et al.Optimal design of the printed circuit heat exchanger with asymmetric airfoil fins based on genetic algorithm[J].Pressure Vessel Technology,2023,40(7):36-46.
14
吴志伟,王通,尹霞,等.小孔混流折流板换热器壳程传热性能研究[J].压力容器,2023,40(10) :67-74.
WU Z W,WANG T,YIN X,et al.Study of the shell‑side heat transfer performance of the heat exchangers with small‑hole mixed‑flow baffles[J].Pressure Vessel Technology,2023,40(10): 67-74.
15
朱珊云,戴源德,曹杰,等.小管径开缝翅片管式换热器空气侧传热综合性能研究[J].流体机械,2022,50(5):68-75.
ZHU S Y,DAI Y D,CAO J,et al.Analysis of comprehensive heat transfer performance at air‑side of slottedfin-and-tube heat exchangers with small diameter[J].Fluid Machinery,2022,50(5):68-75.
16
MENTER F R.Two‑equation eddy‑viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications[J].Aiaa Journal,1994,32(8):1598-1605.
17
BOURIS D,KONSTANTINIDIS E,BALABANI S,et al.Design of a novel,intensified heat exchanger for reduced fouling rates[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2005,48(18):3817-3832.
18
唐家俊.翅片管换热器表面积灰特性及其对压降和换热性能的影响分析[D].上海:上海交通大学,2019.
TANG J J.Analysis of surface area ash characteristics of finned tube heat exchanger and its influence on pressure drop and heat transfer performance[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University,2019.
19
常乐.TSP的粒度分级研究[J].环境科学与管理,2009,34(3):72-75.
CHANG Le. Particle size grading study of TSP[J]. Environmental Science and Management,2009,34(3):72-75
2025年第53卷第3期
84
28
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.007
  • 接收时间:2024-08-23
  • 首发时间:2026-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-03-30
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-23
  • 修回日期:2024-12-07
基金
作者信息
    内蒙古工业大学 土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051

通讯作者:

马广兴(1972),男,博士,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事热泵技术与建筑节能、低碳建筑与可再生能源利用等相关研究,通信地址:010051 内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市内蒙古工业大学土木工程学院,E-mail:。
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.007
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏