Article(id=1319293054222193513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1319293032650887902, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726243200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-14, revisedDate=1733760000000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792473575405, onlineDateStr=2026-10-20, pubDate=1743264000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792473575405, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792473575405, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792473575405, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319293032650887902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2025', volume='53', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1743264000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792473570263, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792473570263, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=36, endPage=43, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319293054385771370, articleId=1319293054222193513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=The influence of the inlet flow field on the performance of the compressor under the elbow intake mode, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the problem that the inlet flow field of a centrifugal compressor distorts under the elbow intake mode,which in turn has a significant impact on the performance of the compressor,through the self‑designed compressor test device,combined with characteristic tests and PIV flow field measurements,the correlation mechanism between the performance of the compressor and the flow field structure under the elbow intake is quantitatively revealed. The results show that,compared with the straight pipe intake,the elbow intake causes the pressure ratio and efficiency of the centrifugal compressor at the highest efficiency point to decrease by up to 2.7% and 9.8% respectively,indicating that the elbow structure significantly deteriorates the performance of the compressor. PIV testing revealed the presence of a reverse rotating twin vortex structure in the inlet section,whose strength is positively correlated with compressor flow rate and speed; Based on the analysis of the velocity uniformity index of the inlet pipe path cross-section,the interface velocity uniformity is good,and the radial velocity uniformity has a weak influence (the absolute value of γ is less than 0.2). The asymmetry of the circumferential velocity distribution is strongly negatively correlated with the pressure ratio (γ=-0.976) and efficiency (γ=-0.923),indicating that circumferential distortion is the dominant factor in performance degradation. The research results can provide a reference for the performance improvement of centrifugal compressors.

, authors=Zongwu HU1, 2, Ning HUANG1, Yang ZHAO3, Xing LI1, Guanyan CHEN1, Jie ZHANG1, authorsList=Zongwu HU, Ning HUANG, Yang ZHAO, Xing LI, Guanyan CHEN, Jie ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jie ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319293058269696893, articleId=1319293054222193513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=弯管进气时进口流场对压气机性能的影响, columnId=1317484287230853622, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=设计计算, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对弯管进气方式下离心压气机进口流场发生畸变,进而对压气机性能产生重要影响的问题,通过自主设计的压气机试验装置,结合特性试验与PIV流场测量,定量揭示了弯管进气下压气机性能与流场结构的关联机制。结果表明,相较于直管进气,弯管进气导致离心压气机在最高效率点的压比和效率最高分别下降2.7%和9.8%,表明弯管结构显著劣化压气机性能;PIV测试揭示进口截面存在反向旋转双涡结构,其强度与压气机流量和转速呈正相关;基于对进口管路径向截面的速度均匀性指数分析,界面速度均匀性较好,径向速度均匀性影响较弱(γ的绝对值小于0.2),而周向速度分布的非对称性与压比(γ=-0.976)、效率(γ=-0.923)呈强负相关,表明周向畸变是性能劣化的主导因素。研究结果可为离心压气机的性能提升提供参考。

, authors=胡宗武1, 2, 黄宁1, 赵洋3, 李星1, 陈冠言1, 张洁1, authorsList=胡宗武, 黄宁, 赵洋, 李星, 陈冠言, 张洁, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张洁, authorNote=

胡宗武(1989),男,博士研究生,主要从事多相流冲蚀、腐蚀及防护等相关研究,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=
张洁(1983),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事气固两相流及环境流体力学等相关研究,通信地址:730000甘肃省兰州市天水南路222号兰州大学土木与力学学院,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=1GXFhJCTD0DcgnZe20OcrQ==, magXml=jM1iMPy0b5VjbpAkzwUk5w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=+XlEuzX+KeHBQMP8mhjA6g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=SlKhwZav8WsdcAfQ5vz7vA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1319293059314078600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293054222193513, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=huzw@lut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293059511210891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293054222193513, authorId=1319293059314078600, language=EN, stringName=Zongwu HU, firstName=Zongwu, middleName=null, lastName=HU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China
2College of Petrochemical Technology,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293059624457100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293054222193513, authorId=1319293059314078600, language=CN, stringName=胡宗武, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1兰州大学 土木工程与力学学院,兰州 730000
2兰州理工大学 石油化工学院,兰州 730050, bio={"content":"

胡宗武(1989),男,博士研究生,主要从事多相流冲蚀、腐蚀及防护等相关研究,E-mail:。

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胡宗武(1989),男,博士研究生,主要从事多相流冲蚀、腐蚀及防护等相关研究,E-mail:。

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figureFileSmall=raEpZK+iHmA2HrJ+tStrmg==, figureFileBig=+XlEuzX+KeHBQMP8mhjA6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293064510821298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293054222193513, language=CN, label=图1, caption=试验装置示意, figureFileSmall=raEpZK+iHmA2HrJ+tStrmg==, figureFileBig=+XlEuzX+KeHBQMP8mhjA6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293064888308659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293054222193513, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Schematic diagram of centrifugal compressor and measuring points distribution, figureFileSmall=VRYXMq/hP0gVgpUNkCxaLQ==, figureFileBig=dUXyN+37ro+az5Zb17NfXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293064955417524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293054222193513, language=CN, label=图2, caption=离心压气机示意及其测点分布

(a)径向截面示意  (b)进口静压测点分布

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Correlation coefficients between homogeneity index and performance change indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相关系数截面流速
均匀性指数
径向速度
均匀性指数
周向速度
均匀性指数
压比变化百分比-0.0190.091-0.976
效率变化百分比-0.023-0.185-0.923
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均匀性指数与性能变化指标的相关系数

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相关系数截面流速
均匀性指数
径向速度
均匀性指数
周向速度
均匀性指数
压比变化百分比-0.0190.091-0.976
效率变化百分比-0.023-0.185-0.923
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弯管进气时进口流场对压气机性能的影响
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胡宗武 1, 2 , 黄宁 1 , 赵洋 3 , 李星 1 , 陈冠言 1 , 张洁 1
流体机械 | 设计计算 2025,53(3): 36-43
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流体机械 |设计计算 2025 , 53 (3) : 36 -43
弯管进气时进口流场对压气机性能的影响
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胡宗武(1989),男,博士研究生,主要从事多相流冲蚀、腐蚀及防护等相关研究,E-mail:。

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胡宗武(1989),男,博士研究生,主要从事多相流冲蚀、腐蚀及防护等相关研究,E-mail:。

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胡宗武1, 2 , 黄宁1, 赵洋3, 李星1, 陈冠言1, 张洁1
作者信息
  • 1兰州大学 土木工程与力学学院,兰州 730000
  • 2兰州理工大学 石油化工学院,兰州 730050
  • 3中国北方发动机研究院 柴油机增压技术国家重点实验室,天津 300400
通讯作者:
张洁(1983),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事气固两相流及环境流体力学等相关研究,通信地址:730000甘肃省兰州市天水南路222号兰州大学土木与力学学院,E-mail:
作者简介:

胡宗武(1989),男,博士研究生,主要从事多相流冲蚀、腐蚀及防护等相关研究,E-mail:。

The influence of the inlet flow field on the performance of the compressor under the elbow intake mode
Zongwu HU1, 2 , Ning HUANG1, Yang ZHAO3, Xing LI1, Guanyan CHEN1, Jie ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • 2College of Petrochemical Technology,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China
  • 3National Key Laboratory of Diesel Engine Turbocharging Technology,China North Engine Research Institute,Tianjin 300400,China
出版时间: 2025-03-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.005
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针对弯管进气方式下离心压气机进口流场发生畸变,进而对压气机性能产生重要影响的问题,通过自主设计的压气机试验装置,结合特性试验与PIV流场测量,定量揭示了弯管进气下压气机性能与流场结构的关联机制。结果表明,相较于直管进气,弯管进气导致离心压气机在最高效率点的压比和效率最高分别下降2.7%和9.8%,表明弯管结构显著劣化压气机性能;PIV测试揭示进口截面存在反向旋转双涡结构,其强度与压气机流量和转速呈正相关;基于对进口管路径向截面的速度均匀性指数分析,界面速度均匀性较好,径向速度均匀性影响较弱(γ的绝对值小于0.2),而周向速度分布的非对称性与压比(γ=-0.976)、效率(γ=-0.923)呈强负相关,表明周向畸变是性能劣化的主导因素。研究结果可为离心压气机的性能提升提供参考。

离心压气机  /  弯管进气  /  流场测量  /  性能分析  /  速度均匀性

In order to solve the problem that the inlet flow field of a centrifugal compressor distorts under the elbow intake mode,which in turn has a significant impact on the performance of the compressor,through the self‑designed compressor test device,combined with characteristic tests and PIV flow field measurements,the correlation mechanism between the performance of the compressor and the flow field structure under the elbow intake is quantitatively revealed. The results show that,compared with the straight pipe intake,the elbow intake causes the pressure ratio and efficiency of the centrifugal compressor at the highest efficiency point to decrease by up to 2.7% and 9.8% respectively,indicating that the elbow structure significantly deteriorates the performance of the compressor. PIV testing revealed the presence of a reverse rotating twin vortex structure in the inlet section,whose strength is positively correlated with compressor flow rate and speed; Based on the analysis of the velocity uniformity index of the inlet pipe path cross-section,the interface velocity uniformity is good,and the radial velocity uniformity has a weak influence (the absolute value of γ is less than 0.2). The asymmetry of the circumferential velocity distribution is strongly negatively correlated with the pressure ratio (γ=-0.976) and efficiency (γ=-0.923),indicating that circumferential distortion is the dominant factor in performance degradation. The research results can provide a reference for the performance improvement of centrifugal compressors.

centrifugal compressor  /  elbow intake  /  flow field measurement  /  performance analysis  /  velocity uniformity
胡宗武, 黄宁, 赵洋, 李星, 陈冠言, 张洁. 弯管进气时进口流场对压气机性能的影响. 流体机械, 2025 , 53 (3) : 36 -43 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.005
Zongwu HU, Ning HUANG, Yang ZHAO, Xing LI, Guanyan CHEN, Jie ZHANG. The influence of the inlet flow field on the performance of the compressor under the elbow intake mode[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2025 , 53 (3) : 36 -43 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.005
在现代涡轮增压技术中,离心压气机因其结构紧凑、效率高的优点在车用动力和航空航天等领域得到了广泛应用[1-3]。然而,工程实践中受限于空间布局,压气机常需通过弯管进气实现系统集成[4-6]。此类弯管结构会不可避免地诱发强烈的二次流动,破坏气流的均匀性,导致进气畸变[7-10]。进气畸变会对压气机内部的气流动力学产生复杂影响,从而影响压气机的性能,包括压比、效率和稳定性[11-13]。特别是在高负荷和高转速的工况下,这种影响更为显著,可能导致压气机性能的明显恶化,甚至触发喘振等不稳定工况[14-18]。因此,深入研究弯管进气下产生的流场畸变与压气机性能的关联机制,对于优化压气机的设计、提高其在各种工况下的性能和可靠性具有重要的理论和实际意义。
国内外研究者对离心压气机进口流动特性和性能进行了大量研究工作[19]。KIM等[20]通过实验研究了直管进气和弯管进气时压气机的性能,发现弯管进气会导致进口管路处产生进气畸变,使得压气机的效率下降。据此提出了导向叶片的弯管进气优化方式,并通过数值模拟的方法验证了弯管进气能改善压气机的性能。JAHANI等[21]采用数值模拟进行研究,发现进气道畸变导致总压比和绝热效率略有下降,但压气机的安全工作范围不受进气畸变的影响。佟鼎等[22]利用数值模拟及台架实验的方法进一步研究了进气弯管对离心压气机特性的影响,数值模拟结果表明,压气机弯管进气会造成压比和效率特性的恶化,并通过实验验证了弯管内设置导流叶片能够改善离心压气机的特性。BANERJEE等[23]通过立体粒子图像测速(SPIV)实验,研究了不同工况下高速涡轮增压器压气机进气直管道的流场。结果表明,当流量较大时,流场是均匀的;当流量接近峰值效率的中等流量时,在进口管路中可以观察到明显的反向流动,在管道外围形成环形区域,具有较高的切向速度,且随着流量的降低,反向流动的强度增强。李聪等[24]研究发现,在低转速时,弯管进气与直管进气时压气机的性能基本一致,小流量工况下弯管进气对压气机效率的影响不明显;随着流量的增大,弯管进气对效率的影响有所增大。李杜等[25-26]对进口采用90°弯管进气方式的离心压气机进行研究,发现弯管产生的畸变导致的离心压气机性能恶化程度与弯管所在位置有关。
目前的研究工作主要集中在弯管进气时压气机的性能变化和进口流场的变化,主要通过试验和数值模拟的方法进行研究,对性能变化的研究较成熟,但对进口流场及采用PIV技术测试压气机进口管路流场的研究较少,对弯管进气方式下压气机进口管路流场对性能的影响机理研究尚不充分。本文通过试验测试了弯管进气时不同转速下压气机的流场特性和性能变化,深入探讨了压气机进口流场变化对性能的影响机理,可为弯管进气方式下压气机设计及运行管理提供理论指导。
图1示出自主设计的试验装置示意[27],该装置主要包括离心压气机、调节阀、双纽线流量计、压力与温度传感器、采集卡、管路及附属设备。离心压气机进口管路和出口管路长度均为1.5 m。进、出口管道内径分别为49,54 mm。离心压气机结构主要包括进口管路、叶轮、无叶扩压器、蜗壳、出口管路等部分。叶轮有10个主叶片和10个分流叶片,叶轮进口直径为34 mm,出口直径为75 mm。进口弯管为90°水平弯管,曲率半径是管道直径的1.5倍。
为了测试离心压气机进口管路流场特性,在压气机入口管路上设有可视化透明管段,材质为熔融石英玻璃材料。
离心压气机性能测试包括压比‑流量特性测试和效率-流量特性测试两部分。离心压气机示意及测点布置如图2所示。
压力测点距进、出口均为40 cm,温度测点距进、出口均为60 cm。针对离心压气机进口管道处易出现压力分布不均的现象,在转速60 000~100 000 r/min范围内,以10 000 r/min为间隔设置5个工况点。每个转速下,从阻塞工况(节流阀全开)逐步关小阀门至喘振边界,均匀选取6个流量点(含喘振点),每个点稳定运行5 min后采集数据。直管进气时的测试方法与弯管进气时相同。由于实际试验测试的环境气压、温度与标准环境状况不同,因此,实测的压气机流量和转速应按照标准环境状况予以记录。
进口管路流场PIV测试情况如图3所示。
测试中,为了尽可能减少流场测试对流动的干扰,采用粒子图像测速技术(particle image velocimeter,PIV)测试进口管路流场。PIV技术为非接触式测量,测量准确性高。测试截面为压气机进口管路的径向截面,距离叶轮进口处10 cm。PIV测量系统由丹麦Dentec Dynamic公司生产,硬件部分包括激光器、CCD相机和同步器,软件为Dynamic Studio数据采集及处理系统。PIV系统配有能够发射面状激光的120 mJ Nd-YAG激光器,激光波长为532 nm。
试验前,采用标定板对测试区域进行标定。示踪颗粒为癸二酸二乙基己酯(diisooctyl sebacate,DEHS),通过气溶胶发生器加入进口管路,失踪颗粒平均粒径为2~5 µm。压气机从环境中直接吸气,气溶胶发生器使示踪粒子在进入压气机之前与空气混匀,在测试时可以充满整个进气管路。
图4示出弯管进气时最高效率点的压比及效率变化率。
从图中可以看出,相对于直管进气方式,弯管进气时不同转速离心压气机在最高效率点的压比和效率变化率均为正值,说明压比、效率均降低。不同转速下,压气机在最高效率点的压比变化率变化幅度不大,最大降幅为2.7%;效率变化率变化幅度较大,尤其是转速为70 000 r/min时,效率的下降最为显著,降幅高达9.8%。由此可见,离心压气机进口管路以弯管方式进气时,会引起压气机性能的恶化。
图5示出不同转速下压气机在阻塞点、最高效率点和喘振点进口管路径向截面的速度矢量。图6示出不同转速(60 000,80 000,100 000 r/min)下,压气机在阻塞点、最高效率点和喘振点进口管路径向截面的涡量分布。
从图5中可以看出,压气机以弯管进气时,不同转速下(60 000,80 000,100 000 r/min),在阻塞点、最高效率点和喘振点的进口管路径向截面均出现了2个明显的主流漩涡核心,两漩涡反向转动,位于截面左上方的漩涡逆时针转动,位于截面左下方的漩涡顺时针转动。此外,在2个漩涡中间,出现了1个明显的流动挤压区域,在这个区域内,流速相对其他区域显著增高,整个进口截面呈现了对称涡的漩涡结构。不同转速下,压气机在阻塞点、最高效率点和喘振点的进口管路径向截面的漩涡强度、大小和流动挤压区域大小均不相同。相同流量下,随着转速增大,进口管路径向截面主流旋涡愈加明显,流动挤压区域呈增大趋势。同一转速下,随着流量的增大,压气机进口管路径向截面的主流旋涡愈加明显,流动挤压区域呈增大趋势。
由于矢量图中观察到明显的漩涡结构,因此,引入涡量对流动进行进一步分析。从图6中可以看出,相同流量下,随着转速的增大,主流漩涡的涡量绝对值增大,这表明随着转速的增大,漩涡强度也会增强。相同转速下,随着流量的增大,主流旋涡的涡量绝对值增大,表明随着流量的增大,旋涡强度也会增强。
速度的均匀性能够全面地反映整个流通截面的流动状态,由于弯管进气时压气机进口处的漩涡呈现出了非对称分布,因此,其流动均匀性与直管进气相比明显较差。目前,均匀性评价指标已经广泛应用于管路流动的流动性能评价中[28],当存在反向速度时,定义均匀性指数γ的计算式如下:
γ=1-12n∑j=1nvj-v¯ / v¯
式中,n为测点总数;j为测点信号;νj为测点j处的速度;v¯为测试区域的平均速度。
γ∈(∞,1],γ越大,则流动均匀性越好。根据式(1)计算PIV测试的不同转速下离心压气机进口管路径向截面的截面速度均匀性指数,结果如图7所示。从图中可以看出,在不同转速下,压气机在阻塞点、最高效率点和喘振点下,进口管路径向截面的截面速度均匀性指数均接近于1,且变化幅度不大,均匀性较好。在阻塞点和最高效率点,当转速为70 000 r/min时,截面速度均匀性指数达到最低值。在喘振点,当转速为90 000 r/min时,截面速度均匀性指数达到最低值,这与漩涡的偏置程度相对应。为了进一步分析进口管路流场,将PIV测试的水平和竖直方向上的速度分量转换成径向速度Cr和周向速度Cθ,转换公式如下式所示:
Cr=v2+u2cosθ
Cθ=v2+u2sinθ
式中,ν为竖直方向速度;u为水平方向速度;θ为速度与测点所在半径方向的夹角。
根据PIV测试数据,采用式(2)(3)计算不同转速下径向截面的径向速度和周向速度均匀性指数。图8示出不同转速下压气机径向截面的径向速度均匀性指数。由图可知,不同转速下,在阻塞点和最高效率点,压气机的径向速度分布较均匀,有助于提高压气机的气动效率和性能。相反,在喘振点,径向速度的均匀性指数出现较大的波动,尤其是在低转速条件如60 000 r/min时,均匀性指数约为-45,这可能与喘振点的非稳定流动特性有关,进而影响压气机的稳定性和效率。
图9示出不同转速下压气机径向截面的周向速度均匀性指数。由图可知,弯管进气时,不同转速下压气机阻塞点的周向速度均匀性指数在80 000 r/min时呈现出较小的绝对值,而在其他转速条件下,该指数的绝对值显著增加。转速为70 000 r/min时,周向均匀性最差,均匀性指数为-51,说明不同转速下阻塞点周向速度的均匀性较差。对于压气机在最高效率点的工况,低转速下周向速度的均匀性较差,尤其是在转速为70 000 r/min时,周向均匀性最差,均匀性指数为-19,这可能是由低转速下流动的不稳定性造成;而在高转速下,周向速度的均匀性得到改善,表明高转速有助于提高压气机的气动性能。随着转速的增加,该指数的绝对值降低,表明高转速条件下周向速度均匀性有所改善。此外,在喘振点的工况下,80 000 r/min时周向速度均匀性指数的绝对值相对较大,而在其他转速条件下,该指数的绝对值较小。这表明在喘振点,尤其是在80 000 r/min时,周向速度的均匀性较差,而在其他转速条件下则相对较好。
对不同转速下的压比、效率平均变化率和均匀性指数的平均值进行统计,并引入相关系数进行分析。相关系数是衡量两个变量之间线性关系强度和方向的统计量,其取值范围在-1~1之间。当相关系数接近于1时,表示两个变量之间存在强正相关关系,即一个变量的增加伴随着另一个变量的增加。当相关系数接近于-1时,表示两个变量之间存在强负相关关系。两组数据X,Y的相关系数计算公式为:
    CorrelX,Y=∑x-x¯y-y¯/∑x-x¯2y-y¯21/2
式中,x,y为采集的数据值;x¯,y¯为数据的样本均值。
相关性分析结果如表1所示。离心压气机的性能变化指标分别受各项速度分量的均匀性指数制约,压比变化率和效率变化率均与周向速度均匀性指数呈现强负相关性,而与径向速度均匀性指数的相关性较弱,由此可见,相对于径向畸变,周向畸变会对压气机性能造成更严重的影响。因此,在实际使用离心压气机的过程中,应着重注意管路构型对压气机进口周向速度均匀性的影响。
(1)相对于直管进气,采用弯管进气时,不同转速下离心压气机在最高效率点的压比和效率均降低。在不同转速下,压气机在最高效率点的压比变化率变化幅度不明显,最大降幅为2.7%;而效率变化率变化幅度较大,尤其是在转速为70 000 r/min时,效率下降最显著,降幅高达9.8%。
(2)压气机采用弯管进气时,不同转速(60 000,80 000,100 000 r/min)下,在最高效率点进口管路径向截面均出现了2个明显的主流漩涡核心,两漩涡反向转动,位于截面左上方的漩涡逆时针转动,位于截面左下方的漩涡转动方向相反。相同流量下,随着转速的增大,进口管路径向截面主流旋涡更明显,涡量强度随之增强。相同转速下,随着流量的增大,进口管路径向截面主流旋涡更明显,涡量强度也增强。
(3)不同转速下,压气机进口管路径向截面的截面速度均匀性指数均接近于1,且变化幅度不大,均匀性较好。径向速度在阻塞点和最高效率点均匀性较好,在喘振点均匀性较差,尤其是在低转速条件(如60 000 r/min)时,径向均匀性最差,均匀性指数为-45。周向速度在阻塞点均匀性较差,在转速为70 000 r/min时,周向均匀性最差,均匀性指数为-50;在喘振点均匀性较好,在最大效率点,低转速下均匀性较差,尤其是当转速为70 000 r/min时,周向速度均匀性最差,均匀性指数为-19,高转速下均匀性较好。
(4)离心压气机的性能变化指标分别受各项速度分量的均匀性指数制约。截面速度分量均匀性指数对性能变化指标影响显著,其中,压比变化率和效率变化率与周向速度均匀性指数的相关系数分别为-0.976和-0.923,呈强负相关性,而与径向速度均匀性指数的相关性系数分别为0.091和-0.185,相关性较弱。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.005
  • 接收时间:2024-09-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-14
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    1兰州大学 土木工程与力学学院,兰州 730000
    2兰州理工大学 石油化工学院,兰州 730050
    3中国北方发动机研究院 柴油机增压技术国家重点实验室,天津 300400

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张洁(1983),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事气固两相流及环境流体力学等相关研究,通信地址:730000甘肃省兰州市天水南路222号兰州大学土木与力学学院,E-mail:
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