Article(id=1319293051680441000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1319293032650887902, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722873600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792473574800, onlineDateStr=2026-10-20, pubDate=1743264000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792473574800, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792473574800, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792473574800, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319293032650887902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2025', volume='53', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1743264000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792473570263, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792473570263, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=79, endPage=88, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319293051890156201, articleId=1319293051680441000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Research progress on air source heat pump with direct expansion indoor natural convection heat dissipation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Under the promotion of the clean heating policy of "coal to electricity",air source heat pump heating technology has developed rapidly.On the basis of introducing the research on traditional hot water and hot air source heat pump heating technology,this paper focuses on analyzing the principle,terminal development types,and structural characteristics of the new direct expansion air source heat pump heating technology,such as condensation direct heat dissipation,condensation indirect heat dissipation,and condensation heat storage heat dissipation terminal.A comprehensive evaluation of its application fields and actual operating effects is also conducted.The direct expansion air source heat pump heating with natural convection heat dissipation has no intermediate heat medium secondary heat exchange,fast heating speed,effectively improves indoor thermal comfort,and enhances energy efficiency.In addition,the future development direction of air source heat pump heating technology is discussed,which will be further improved from the aspects of end of pipe high efficiency and serialization,low global warming potential (GWP) working fluid,rational operation and regulation,multifunctional heat pump,and compatibility with residential buildings,providing reference for promoting and expanding its engineering applications.

, authors=Guoyuan MA, Shangyu SUN, Shuxue XU, Weilai RONG, authorsList=Guoyuan MA, Shangyu SUN, Shuxue XU, Weilai RONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319293055174296252, articleId=1319293051680441000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=室内自然对流散热的直膨式空气源热泵研究进展, columnId=1317484296202474195, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=技术进展, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

在“煤改电”清洁取暖政策推动下,空气源热泵取暖技术得到快速发展。在介绍传统热水型和热风型空气源热泵供暖技术研究的基础上,着重解析新型直膨式空气源热泵供暖技术的原理、末端发展型式及其构造特征,如冷凝直接散热、冷凝间接散热和冷凝蓄热散热末端,并对其应用领域及实际运行效果进行了综合评价,自然对流散热的直膨式空气源热泵供暖无中间热媒二次换热,制热速度快,有效改善了室内热舒适性,提升了能效比。此外,展望了空气源热泵供暖技术未来的发展方向,从末端高效化和系列化、工质低全球变暖潜能值(GWP)化、运行和调控合理化、热泵多功能化、与住宅兼容化等方面进一步完善,可为促进和扩大其工程应用提供参考。

, authors=马国远, 孙尚瑜, 许树学, 荣维来, authorsList=马国远, 孙尚瑜, 许树学, 荣维来, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

马国远(1963),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事制冷空调系统的环保节能新技术研究,通信地址:100124北京市朝阳区平乐园100号北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=2y9yiPj+rVKplpFQR8WYYQ==, magXml=bfbHiVDe33eWsjKIkTku2w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=pb//NXtB85EA5peLISmxNw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ppnkIdGim90Zw6Bt6XdZhA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1319293055522423489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=magy@bjut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293055623086787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, authorId=1319293055522423489, language=EN, stringName=Guoyuan MA, firstName=Guoyuan, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293055698584260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, authorId=1319293055522423489, language=CN, stringName=马国远, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=北京工业大学 环境与能源工程学院,北京 100124, bio={"content":"

马国远(1963),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事制冷空调系统的环保节能新技术研究,通信地址:100124北京市朝阳区平乐园100号北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院,E-mail:。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

马国远(1963),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事制冷空调系统的环保节能新技术研究,通信地址:100124北京市朝阳区平乐园100号北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院,E-mail:。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293055417565885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293055430148798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, companyId=1319293055417565885, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293055442731711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, companyId=1319293055417565885, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京工业大学 环境与能源工程学院,北京 100124)])]), Author(id=1319293055769887430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293055849579208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, authorId=1319293055769887430, language=EN, stringName=Shangyu SUN, firstName=Shangyu, middleName=null, lastName=SUN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293056004768457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, authorId=1319293055769887430, language=CN, stringName=孙尚瑜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=北京工业大学 环境与能源工程学院,北京 100124, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293055417565885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293055430148798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, companyId=1319293055417565885, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293055442731711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, companyId=1319293055417565885, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京工业大学 环境与能源工程学院,北京 100124)])]), Author(id=1319293056071877323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293056143180493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, authorId=1319293056071877323, language=EN, stringName=Shuxue XU, firstName=Shuxue, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293056214483662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, authorId=1319293056071877323, language=CN, stringName=许树学, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=北京工业大学 环境与能源工程学院,北京 100124, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293055417565885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293055430148798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, companyId=1319293055417565885, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293055442731711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, companyId=1319293055417565885, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京工业大学 环境与能源工程学院,北京 100124)])]), Author(id=1319293056294175440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293056357090002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, authorId=1319293056294175440, language=EN, stringName=Weilai RONG, firstName=Weilai, middleName=null, lastName=RONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293056415810259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, authorId=1319293056294175440, language=CN, stringName=荣维来, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=北京工业大学 环境与能源工程学院,北京 100124, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293055417565885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293055430148798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, companyId=1319293055417565885, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293055442731711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, companyId=1319293055417565885, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京工业大学 环境与能源工程学院,北京 100124)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1319293056533250772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=air source heat pump), Keyword(id=1319293058190000853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=natural convection terminals), Keyword(id=1319293058278081238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=research progress), Keyword(id=1319293058345190103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=direct expansion type), Keyword(id=1319293058416493272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=空气源热泵), Keyword(id=1319293058479407833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=自然对流末端), Keyword(id=1319293058538128090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=研究进展), Keyword(id=1319293058596848347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=直膨式)], refs=[Reference(id=1319293060324901616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=潘艳丹,陈静,张炳学. 空气源热泵供暖的节能效果实例分析 [J]. 河南科技,2021,40(24): 91-93., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293060404593393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PAN Y D,CHEN J,ZHANG B X. A case study of the energy saving effect about heating supply under air source heat pumps [J]. Henan Science and Technology,2021,40 (24): 91-93., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293060484285170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘元芳,李立,董重成. 空气源热泵供暖技术应用分析 [J]. 低温建筑技术,2017,39(1): 116-119., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293060551394035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Y F,LI L,DONG Z C.Application analysis of the air source heat pump in heating technology[J].Low Temperature Building Technology,2017,39 (1): 116-119., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293060614308596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=叶祺贤,马昕霞. 固体蓄热装置放热特性的实验研究[J]. 上海电力大学学报,2021,37(5): 422-427., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293060681417461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YE Q X,MA X X.Experimental study on heat dissipation characteristics of solid regenerative device [J].Journal of Shanghai Electric Power University,2021,37(5):422-427., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293060748526326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马宁,杨灵艳,王仕杰,等. 国际热泵技术发展热点分析——第14届热泵大会跟踪 [J]. 暖通空调,2024,54(8):1-13., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293060819829495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA N,YANG L Y,WANG S J,et al.Analysis of hotspots in development of international heat pump technology:Tracking of 14th heat pump conference [J].Journal of HV&AC,2024,54(8):1-13., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293060891132664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵建康.城镇清洁取暖新模式——空气源热泵取暖技术 [J].建设科技,2015(2): 53-58., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293060966630137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO J K. New model of urban clean heating:air source heat pump heating technology [J]. Construction Technology,2015 (2): 53-58., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293061042127610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=武尚将,孙育英,王伟,等.空气源热泵-风机盘管供暖系统变水温自适应控制方法及应用研究[J].建筑科学,2022,38(6):169-177., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293062258475771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU S J,SUN Y Y,WANG W,et al.Study on adaptive control method of variable water temperature in air source heat pump and fan coiled unit heating system [J].Building Science,2022,38(6):169-177., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293062333973244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JI S,LIU Y,XU H,et al. Application and analysis of air‑source heat pump heat supply system in cold areas [J]. Journal of Physics. Conference Series,2022,2186(1): 12017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293062426247933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张帅,胡文举,李德英,等. 空气源热泵-散热器供暖系统用于北京地区某农村住宅的实测分析 [J]. 暖通空调,2015,45(8): 80-83., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293062501745406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG S,HU W J,LI D Y,et al.Field measurement and analysis on air‑source heat pump heating system with radiator for a rural house in Beijing area[J].Journal of HV&AC,2015,45(8):80-83., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293062573048575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SU C,MADANI H,PALM B.Heating solutions for residential buildings in China: Current status and future outlook[J].Energy Conversion And Management,2018,177: 493-510., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293062665323264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIAO W,PENG J P,LUO Y M,et al.Comparative study on energy consumption and indoor thermal environment between convective air‑conditioning terminals and radiant ceiling terminals [J].Building and Environment,2022,209:108661., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293062770180865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KRAJCIK M ,ARICI M ,SIKULA O ,et al.Review of water-based wall systems:Heating,cooling,and thermal barriers[J].Energy & Buildings,2021,253:111476., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293062837289730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张建国.“碳中和”目标下,热泵供热技术前景展望 [J]. 中国能源,2021,43(7):12-18., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293062908592899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG J G.Prospect of heat pump heating technology under the goal of "carbon neutrality"[J].China Energy,2021,43(7):12-18., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293062967313156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张龙爱,王传华,陈一,等.空气源热泵冷热水机组应用于长江流域供暖的适应性分析及节能性提升 [J]. 暖通空调,2023,53(1):149-155., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293063038616325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG L A,WANG C H,CHEN Y,et al. Adaptability analysis and energy‑saving improvement of heating application of air‑source heat pump chilled and hot water units to Yangtze River basin[J]. Journal of HV&AC,2023,53 (1): 149-155., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293063118308102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Y,CHEN X,WU S,et al.Performance analysis of air source heat pump space heating system with an adaptive control for supply water temperature [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2022,211: 118401., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293063181222663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG W,JIANG J,HU B,et al.Performance improvement of air‑source heat pump heating system with variable water temperature difference[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2022,210: 118366., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293063248331528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI H,YANG Q,XU Z,et al. Impact of water volume on the energy saving potential of air source heat pump systems [J]. International Journal Of Refrigeration,2021,130: 128-139., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293063315440393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ASAEE S R,UGURSAL V I,BEAUSOLEIL‑ MORRISON I. Techno‑economic feasibility evaluation of air to water heat pump retrofit in the Canadian housing stock [J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,111:936-949., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293063390937866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU P,WANG Z,LI X,et al. Energy‑saving analysis of air source heat pump integrated with a water storage tank for heating applications [J]. Building and Environment,2020,180: 107029., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293063466435339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HENG W,WANG Z,WU Y. Experimental study on phase change heat storage floor coupled with air source heat pump heating system in a classroom [J]. Energy and Buildings,2021,251: 111352., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293063537738508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张了. 小型低温空气源热泵取暖在北京农村的适用性研究 [D].北京:清华大学,2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293063613235981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG L. Research on low temperature air-source heat pump for residential heating applications in rural area,Beijing [D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University,2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293063684539150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN X,LI Z,DAI L,et al. Occupant heating patterns of low‑temperature air‑to‑air heat pumps in rural areas during different heating periods [J]. Buildings,2023,13(3): 679., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293063764230927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GENDELIS S,JAKOVIČS A,RATNIEKS J. Thermal comfort condition assessment in test buildings with different heating/cooling systems and wall envelopes [J]. Energy Procedia,2017,132: 153-158., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293063835534096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙训江.基于室内声场理论的空调器室内噪声特性研究 [D].重庆:重庆大学,2014., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293063911031569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN X J.Research on noise of air conditioner based on indoor sound field theory[D].Chongqing: Chongqing University,2014., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293064099775250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIAO B,HE L,ZHANG S,et al.Comparison and analysis on air‑to‑air and air‑to‑water heat pump heating systems [J]. Renewable Energy,2020,146: 1888-1896., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293064162689811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LEE S H,JEON Y,CHUNG H J,et al. Simulation‑based optimization of heating and cooling seasonal performances of an air‑to‑air heat pump considering operating and design parameters using genetic algorithm [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2018,144: 362-370., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293064229798676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALA G,ORIOLI A,DI GANGI A. Energy and economic analysis of air-to-air heat pumps as an alternative to domestic gas boiler heating systems in the South of Italy[J].Energy,2019,173:59-74., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293064296907541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=党鹏飞,马国远,许树学. 新型带自然对流散热末端的热泵系统性能分析 [J]. 制冷与空调(四川),2022,36(2): 196-202., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293064364016406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DANG P F,MA G Y,XU S X. Performance analysis of a new type of heat pump system with natural convection heat sink [J]. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (Sichuan),2022,36 (2): 196-202., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293064443708183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马国远,刘帅领,许树学,等. 一种模块式室内自然对流换热单元的热泵系统:CN202120055069 [P]. 2022-03-15., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293064510817048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA G Y,LIU S L,XU S X,et al. A modular indoor natural convection heat transfer unit for heat pump system:CN202120055069[P]. 2022-03-15., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293064590508825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHAO S,ZHANG H,JIANG L,et al.Numerical investigation and thermal analysis of a refrigerant-heated radiator heating system coupled with air source heat pump[J].Energy Procedia,2019,158:2158-2163., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293064682783514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=崔明明,马国远,曹瑞林,等.空气源热泵直接地板辐射取暖实验研究 [J]. 家电科技,2022,4(4): 96-100., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293064770863899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CUI M M,MA G Y,CAO R L,et al.Experimental study on direct floor radiant heating with air source heat pump [J].Home Appliance Technology,2022,4(4): 96-100., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293064858944284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA K R ,HOU N N ,WANG X ,et al.Analysis and study of the effect of the direct floor radiant heating system of the air source heat pump at heating working conditions[J].International Journal of Simulation: Systems,Science & Technology,2016,17(28):1-5., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293064926053149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=牛建会,王海超,吕天舒,等.空气源热泵毛细管地板辐射供暖系统实验研究[J].制冷学报,2025,46(1):46-52., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293064993162014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NIU J H,WANG H C,LYU T S,et al. Experimental study on capillary floor radiant heating system with air‑source heat pump [J]. Journal of Refrigeration,2025,46(1):46-52., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293065056076575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王琳. 基于直膨式毛细管供热的空气源热泵地板换热特性研究 [D]. 青岛: 青岛理工大学,2021., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293065123185440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG L. Study on heat transfer characteristics of floor based direct expansion capillary heating of air source heat pump [D]. Qingdao: Qingdao University of Technology,2021., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293065202877217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=付文涛. 直膨式空气源热泵辐射板取暖系统在重庆地区适用性的实验研究 [D]. 重庆: 重庆大学,2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293065278374690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FU W T. Experimental study on applicability of direct expansion air‑source heat pump radiative panel heating system in Chongqing[D].Chongqing: Chongqing University,2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293065337094947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马小丹. 直膨式空气源热泵毛细管辐射系统在宁波地区的供暖应用研究 [D]. 西安: 西安建筑科技大学,2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293065412592420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA X D. Application of air source direct expansion heat pump with capillary radiant floor heating system in Ningbo area [D]. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293065475506981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=步秋军. 直膨式空气源热泵耦合毛细管地板辐射取暖系统性能研究 [D].张家口:河北建筑工程学院,2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293065546810150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BU Q J. Research on the performance of direct expansion air source heat pump coupled capillary floor radiation heating system [D].Zhangjiakou:Hebei Institute of Architecture and Engineering,2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293065626501927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李永斌. 空气源热泵直接冷凝式地板辐射供暖系统技术经济对比研究 [J]. 区域供热,2018(6): 135-142., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293065701999400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y B. Comparative research on technology and economy of direct condensing floor heating system with air‑source heat pump [J]. District Heating,2018(6): 135-142., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293065794274089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈苏坤,李永财,付文涛,等. 一种新型空气源热泵辐射供暖系统的实验研究 [J]. 建筑热能通风空调,2020,39(9): 17-20., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293065882354474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=58, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN S K,LI Y C,FU W T,et al. Experimental study on a new type of air‑source heat pump radiant heating system [J]. Building Thermal Ventilation and Air Conditioning,2020,39 (9): 17-20., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293065936880427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=59, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杜彦. 空气源热泵直接地板辐射供暖系统运行方式及经济性研究 [D]. 太原: 太原理工大学,2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293065995600684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=60, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DU Y. Research of running modes and economy for direct radiant floor heating system with air source heat pump[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293066050126637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=61, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王园园,张超,梁年良,等.空气源热泵冷剂直热式建筑取暖系统研究现状 [J].建筑节能,2015(7): 21-24., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293066125624110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=62, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y Y,ZHANG C,LIANG N L,et al.Status of the refrigerant direct‑heating system in building with air‑source heat pump[J].Building energy conservation,2015(7):21-24., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293066184344367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=63, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黎天标.直凝式空气源热泵地暖系统研究[D].广州:广东工业大学,2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293066264036144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=64, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI T B. Study on direct condensing air source heat pump radiant floor heating system [D]. Guangzhou: Guangdong University of Technology,2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293066356310833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=65, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FANG G,CHEN W,WANG C,et al. A novel air source heat pump powered bed‑based space heating (ASHP-BBSH) system for improved indoor thermal environment [J]. Energy Procedia,2019,158: 2231-2236., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293066419225394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=66, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FANG G,CHAN M,YAN H,et al. A numerical study on evaluating the thermal environment in a space served by a bed‑based air source heat pump (B-ASHP) system [J]. Energy and Buildings,2021,234: 110693., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293066486334259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=44, rfOrder=67, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FANG G,CHAN M,Yan H,et al. An experimental study on the operating performances of a novel bed‑based air source heat pump (B-ASHP) system [J]. Energy and Buildings,2020,223: 110191., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293066574414644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=45, rfOrder=68, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SONG M,DENG S,DANG C,et al. Review on improvement for air source heat pump units during frosting and defrosting [J]. Applied Energy,2018,211: 1150-1170., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293066645717813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=69, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHEN C,LEI Z,LYU G,et al.Experimental performance evaluation of a novel anti‑ouling wastewater source heat pump system with a wastewater tower [J]. Applied Energy,2019,236: 690-699., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293066712826678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=70, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI R,YOSHIDOMI T,OOKA R,et al. Field evaluation of performance of radiant heating/cooling ceiling panel system [J]. Energy and buildings,2015,86: 58-65., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293066779935543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=48, rfOrder=71, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许树学,韩婷婷,马国远.一种带风机冷热两用新型换热末端的空气源热泵装置: CN202210502683.5[P].2022-08-05., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293066838655800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=48, rfOrder=72, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU S X,HAN T T,MA G Y. An air‑source heat pump device with a new type of heat exchanger end for fan cooling and heating: CN202210502683.5[P].2022-08-05., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293066918347577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=49, rfOrder=73, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DONG J,ZHANG L,DENG S,et al. An experimental study on a novel radiant‑convective heating system based on air source heat pump[J]. Energy and Buildings,2018,158: 812-821., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293066998039354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=50, rfOrder=74, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DONG J,ZHENG W,SONG M,et al.Numerical simulation on heating performances of a radiant‐convective heating terminal [J]. Journal of Building Engineering,2021,39: 102307., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293067086119739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=51, rfOrder=75, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG L,DONG J,JIANG Y,et al.An experimental study on frosting and defrosting performances of a novel air source heat pump unit with a radiant‑convective heating terminal [J]. Energy and Buildings,2018,163: 10-21., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293067207754556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=52, rfOrder=76, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG L,DONG J,DENG S,et al. An experimental study on the starting characteristics of an improved radiant‑convective air source heat pump system [J]. Energy and Buildings,2020,226: 110384., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293067283252029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=53, rfOrder=77, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄顺. 直膨式空气源热泵墙面板供暖性能实验研究 [D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学,2017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293067354555198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=53, rfOrder=78, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG S.Experimental study on heating performance of wall panel with direct expansion air source heat pump [D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology,2017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293067455218495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=54, rfOrder=79, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN H L,DUAN M F,WU Y F,et al.Thermal performance investigation of a novel heating terminal integrated with flat heat pipe and heat transfer enhancement [J]. Energy,2021,236:121411., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293067526521664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=55, rfOrder=80, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG Z,HU Q,LI Y,et al. Thermal performance of novel convective‑adjustable flat panel radiant unit [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2024,244: 122689., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293067593630529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=56, rfOrder=81, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU S,DING R,NIU J,et al. Investigation of air‑source heat pump using heat pipes as heat radiator [J]. International Journal of Refrigeration,2018,90: 91-98., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293067664933698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=57, rfOrder=82, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许树学,马国远.一种工质充注量可调的热泵/热管复合供热装置:CN201811341340.5[P].2019-03-19., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293067753014083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=57, rfOrder=83, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU S X,MA G Y. A heat pump/heat pipe composite heating device with adjustable work mass charge. 201811341340.5[P].2019-03-19., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293067832705860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=58, rfOrder=84, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU S X,CHU Z H,NIU J H,et al. Air source heat pump/heat pipe domestic room heating system: Design and experimental research [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2021,192: 116930., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293067920786245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=59, rfOrder=85, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU S X,NIU J H,MA G Y. Experimental investigation of an air source heat pump with multigroup heat pipe radiators [J]. Solar Energy,2023,260: 137-146., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293067996283718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=60, rfOrder=86, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU Y,SUN H,DUAN M,et al. Novel radiation‑adjustable heating terminal based on flat heat pipe combined with air source heat pump [J]. Engineering,2023,20(1): 192-207., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293068088558407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=61, rfOrder=87, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG H,JIANG L,ZHENG W,et al. Experimental study on a novel thermal storage refrigerant‑heated radiator coupled with air source heat pump heating system [J].Building and Environment,2019,164: 106341., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293068168250184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=62, rfOrder=88, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG T T,YOU S J,WU Z X,et al. Performance analysis of the refrigerant‑cooling radiant terminal:A numerical simulation [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2021,197:117395., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293068243747657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=63, rfOrder=89, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHAO S,ZHANG H,YOU S,et al.Thermal performance analysis of a new refrigerant‑heated radiator coupled with air‑source heat pump heating system[J].Applied Energy,2019,247:78-88., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293068319245130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=64, rfOrder=90, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHAO S,ZHANG H,FAN X,et al.Thermodynamic and economic analysis of the air source heat pump system with direct‑condensation radiant heating panel [J].Energy(Oxford),2021,225:120195., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293068411519819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=65, rfOrder=91, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU C,SHAO S. Performances investigations on thermal characteristics of a novel direct‑condensation convective‑radiant heating panel:An experimental and numerical study [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2024,244: 122705., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293068507988812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=66, rfOrder=92, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG T T,ZHENG C X,YOU S J,et al.Experimental and numerical study on the heat transfer performance of the radiant floor heating condenser with composite phase change material[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2022,213:118749., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319293068587680589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=67, rfOrder=93, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NING Z,ZHANG X,JI J,et al. Research progress of phase change thermal storage technology in air‑source heat pump [J]. Journal of energy storage,2023,64: 107114., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293055417565885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293055430148798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, companyId=1319293055417565885, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293055442731711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, companyId=1319293055417565885, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京工业大学 环境与能源工程学院,北京 100124)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1319293058735260380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Principle of direct heating heat pump system, figureFileSmall=wRMKMI1gFlJ+c+GoEXmlbA==, figureFileBig=pb//NXtB85EA5peLISmxNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293058798174941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=CN, label=图1, caption=直接散热的热泵系统原理, figureFileSmall=wRMKMI1gFlJ+c+GoEXmlbA==, figureFileBig=pb//NXtB85EA5peLISmxNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293058995307230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=New type of heat exchange terminal for both heating and cooling, figureFileSmall=2uGyQgc6oRpb5KEmjcLddQ==, figureFileBig=JsZ5HLxW/TgpGxnHpYF+oA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293059058221791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=CN, label=图2, caption=冷热两用新型换热末端, figureFileSmall=2uGyQgc6oRpb5KEmjcLddQ==, figureFileBig=JsZ5HLxW/TgpGxnHpYF+oA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293059150496480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=End structure of new radiant convection hybrid heating terminal, figureFileSmall=3wYZXs9DB7Yh7OnUy4ckTA==, figureFileBig=50LUtjCO8X9Hv8FGh+pudg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293059205022433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=CN, label=图3, caption=新型辐射对流混合供暖末端结构, figureFileSmall=3wYZXs9DB7Yh7OnUy4ckTA==, figureFileBig=50LUtjCO8X9Hv8FGh+pudg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293059309880034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=End structure of wall panel heating, figureFileSmall=3y3BfG20hQrpuemGUazKbA==, figureFileBig=tfBYDy6S0f1ZOfIZKMHokQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293059402154723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=CN, label=图4, caption=墙面板供暖末端结构, figureFileSmall=3y3BfG20hQrpuemGUazKbA==, figureFileBig=tfBYDy6S0f1ZOfIZKMHokQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293059465069284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Principle of indirect heat pump system, figureFileSmall=vSBsQCVYeUO5qaUYwCSEMQ==, figureFileBig=Hgb7gMW6Z9D6Vgmmq538Rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293059536372453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=CN, label=图5, caption=间接散热热泵系统原理, figureFileSmall=vSBsQCVYeUO5qaUYwCSEMQ==, figureFileBig=Hgb7gMW6Z9D6Vgmmq538Rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293059603481318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=End structure of heat pipe air source heat pump, figureFileSmall=2xyqYN0U53yrj4M3+0SvMw==, figureFileBig=sbywPPmV10+j1TzwlW1Xiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293059662201575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=CN, label=图6, caption=热管式空气源热泵末端结构, figureFileSmall=2xyqYN0U53yrj4M3+0SvMw==, figureFileBig=sbywPPmV10+j1TzwlW1Xiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293059729310440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Principle of heat storage heat pump system, figureFileSmall=e0768MTcsUcbyq8MbusbmA==, figureFileBig=hfO1NGlhIlUA5N/28FJv+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293059800613609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=CN, label=图7, caption=蓄热散热热泵系统原理, figureFileSmall=e0768MTcsUcbyq8MbusbmA==, figureFileBig=hfO1NGlhIlUA5N/28FJv+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293059880305386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Regenerative heat pipe cooling equipment, figureFileSmall=UKsRqy5/2g/pAZnyW9zekg==, figureFileBig=MzJYDTEbq9OUl2afmIZGPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293059947414251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=CN, label=图8, caption=蓄热式热管散热设备, figureFileSmall=UKsRqy5/2g/pAZnyW9zekg==, figureFileBig=MzJYDTEbq9OUl2afmIZGPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293060018717420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Structure of regenerative direct condensation radiant plate heat exchanger, figureFileSmall=Oqb2XZpVgzV+19r7wwr8mA==, figureFileBig=uAuO3bVRr/ybLSJ3ol0Fpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293060085826285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=CN, label=图9, caption=蓄热型直接冷凝辐射板式换热器结构, figureFileSmall=Oqb2XZpVgzV+19r7wwr8mA==, figureFileBig=uAuO3bVRr/ybLSJ3ol0Fpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293060157129454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Classification of air source heat pump heating ends

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工质换热方式散热方式末端类型产品
中间热媒式自然对流热水型水暖散热器、水暖地板、水暖天花板
直膨式强制对流热风型热泵热风机、分体式热泵空调
自然对流直接散热丝管散热器、管板散热器、毛细管地板等
间接散热热管散热器
蓄热散热蓄热式热管散热器、蓄热式地板
), ArticleFig(id=1319293060224238319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

空气源热泵供暖末端分类情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工质换热方式散热方式末端类型产品
中间热媒式自然对流热水型水暖散热器、水暖地板、水暖天花板
直膨式强制对流热风型热泵热风机、分体式热泵空调
自然对流直接散热丝管散热器、管板散热器、毛细管地板等
间接散热热管散热器
蓄热散热蓄热式热管散热器、蓄热式地板
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1316780368948461702, delFlag=0, nameCn=流体机械, nameEn=Fluid Machinery, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1005-0329, eissn=null, cn=34-1144/TH, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=T/yG2istNFJxG1qx0cqDTw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Fluid Machinery, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1791874504560, updatedTime=1791874868033, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=L, firstLetterEn=L, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=T/yG2istNFJxG1qx0cqDTw==, picEn=CS1gC9o9es9nXbAEm8P8+w==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1316781893606027524, language=CN, name=流体机械, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1791874868060, updatedTime=1791874868060, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://ltjx.portal.founderss.cn, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn, submissionReviewUrl=https://ltjx.portal.founderss.cn, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1316781893668942085, language=EN, name=Fluid Machinery, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1791874868075, updatedTime=1791874868075, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://ltjx.portal.founderss.cn, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn, submissionReviewUrl=https://ltjx.portal.founderss.cn, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1316781260334530699, websiteList=[Website(id=1317081487795663857, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1316781260334530699, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/CN, language=CN, createTime=1791946296881, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1791946353450, updateBy=18614031015, name=流体机械-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=流体机械, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1317081840243036186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487795663857, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1791946380911, updateTime=1791946380911, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081840209481751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487795663857, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1791946380903, updateTime=1791946380903, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081840264007709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487795663857, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1791946380916, updateTime=1791946380916, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081840196898838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487795663857, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/CN/file/pic?fileId=n0bCTCfOW0iMz31MWuwyhA==, createTime=1791946380901, updateTime=1791946380901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081840276590623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487795663857, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1791946380919, updateTime=1791946380919, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081840234647577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487795663857, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/CN/file/pic, createTime=1791946380909, updateTime=1791946380909, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081840268202014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487795663857, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1791946380917, updateTime=1791946380917, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081840222064664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487795663857, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1791946380906, updateTime=1791946380906, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081840251424795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487795663857, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1791946380913, updateTime=1791946380913, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081840255619100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487795663857, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1791946380914, updateTime=1791946380914, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1317081488118625276, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1316781260334530699, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/EN, language=EN, createTime=1791946296958, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1791946348731, updateBy=18614031015, name=流体机械-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Fluid Machinery, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1317081869636718631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488118625276, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1791946387919, updateTime=1791946387919, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081869611552804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488118625276, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1791946387913, updateTime=1791946387913, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081869657690154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488118625276, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1791946387924, updateTime=1791946387924, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081869603164195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488118625276, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/EN/file/pic?fileId=n0bCTCfOW0iMz31MWuwyhA==, createTime=1791946387911, updateTime=1791946387911, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081869674467372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488118625276, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1791946387928, updateTime=1791946387928, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081869628330022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488118625276, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/EN/file/pic, createTime=1791946387917, updateTime=1791946387917, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081869666078763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488118625276, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1791946387926, updateTime=1791946387926, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081869619941413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488118625276, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1791946387915, updateTime=1791946387915, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081869640912936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488118625276, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1791946387920, updateTime=1791946387920, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317081869649301545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488118625276, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1791946387922, updateTime=1791946387922, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=流体机械, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.cfmjournal.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Fluid Machinery, journalPhotoCn=T/yG2istNFJxG1qx0cqDTw==, journalPhotoEn=CS1gC9o9es9nXbAEm8P8+w==, journalFirstLetter=L, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.010, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.010, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/CN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.010, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/EN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.010, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1743264000000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
室内自然对流散热的直膨式空气源热泵研究进展
收藏切换
马国远 , 孙尚瑜 , 许树学 , 荣维来
流体机械 | 技术进展 2025,53(3): 79-88
收起
收藏切换
流体机械 |技术进展 2025 , 53 (3) : 79 -88
室内自然对流散热的直膨式空气源热泵研究进展
全屏
[Author(id=1319293055522423489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=magy@bjut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293055623086787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, authorId=1319293055522423489, language=EN, stringName=Guoyuan MA, firstName=Guoyuan, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293055698584260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, authorId=1319293055522423489, language=CN, stringName=马国远, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=北京工业大学 环境与能源工程学院,北京 100124, bio={"content":"

马国远(1963),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事制冷空调系统的环保节能新技术研究,通信地址:100124北京市朝阳区平乐园100号北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院,E-mail:。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

马国远(1963),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事制冷空调系统的环保节能新技术研究,通信地址:100124北京市朝阳区平乐园100号北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院,E-mail:。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293055417565885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293055430148798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, companyId=1319293055417565885, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293055442731711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, companyId=1319293055417565885, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京工业大学 环境与能源工程学院,北京 100124)])]), Author(id=1319293055769887430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293055849579208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, authorId=1319293055769887430, language=EN, stringName=Shangyu SUN, firstName=Shangyu, middleName=null, lastName=SUN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293056004768457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, authorId=1319293055769887430, language=CN, stringName=孙尚瑜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=北京工业大学 环境与能源工程学院,北京 100124, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293055417565885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293055430148798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, companyId=1319293055417565885, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293055442731711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, companyId=1319293055417565885, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京工业大学 环境与能源工程学院,北京 100124)])]), Author(id=1319293056071877323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293056143180493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, authorId=1319293056071877323, language=EN, stringName=Shuxue XU, firstName=Shuxue, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293056214483662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, authorId=1319293056071877323, language=CN, stringName=许树学, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=北京工业大学 环境与能源工程学院,北京 100124, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293055417565885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293055430148798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, companyId=1319293055417565885, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293055442731711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, companyId=1319293055417565885, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京工业大学 环境与能源工程学院,北京 100124)])]), Author(id=1319293056294175440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293056357090002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, authorId=1319293056294175440, language=EN, stringName=Weilai RONG, firstName=Weilai, middleName=null, lastName=RONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293056415810259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, authorId=1319293056294175440, language=CN, stringName=荣维来, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=北京工业大学 环境与能源工程学院,北京 100124, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293055417565885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293055430148798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, companyId=1319293055417565885, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293055442731711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293051680441000, companyId=1319293055417565885, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京工业大学 环境与能源工程学院,北京 100124)])])]
马国远 , 孙尚瑜, 许树学, 荣维来
作者信息
  • 北京工业大学 环境与能源工程学院,北京 100124
作者简介:

马国远(1963),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事制冷空调系统的环保节能新技术研究,通信地址:100124北京市朝阳区平乐园100号北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院,E-mail:。

Research progress on air source heat pump with direct expansion indoor natural convection heat dissipation
Guoyuan MA , Shangyu SUN, Shuxue XU, Weilai RONG
Affiliations
  • College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China
出版时间: 2025-03-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.010
文章导航
收藏切换

在“煤改电”清洁取暖政策推动下,空气源热泵取暖技术得到快速发展。在介绍传统热水型和热风型空气源热泵供暖技术研究的基础上,着重解析新型直膨式空气源热泵供暖技术的原理、末端发展型式及其构造特征,如冷凝直接散热、冷凝间接散热和冷凝蓄热散热末端,并对其应用领域及实际运行效果进行了综合评价,自然对流散热的直膨式空气源热泵供暖无中间热媒二次换热,制热速度快,有效改善了室内热舒适性,提升了能效比。此外,展望了空气源热泵供暖技术未来的发展方向,从末端高效化和系列化、工质低全球变暖潜能值(GWP)化、运行和调控合理化、热泵多功能化、与住宅兼容化等方面进一步完善,可为促进和扩大其工程应用提供参考。

空气源热泵  /  自然对流末端  /  研究进展  /  直膨式

Under the promotion of the clean heating policy of "coal to electricity",air source heat pump heating technology has developed rapidly.On the basis of introducing the research on traditional hot water and hot air source heat pump heating technology,this paper focuses on analyzing the principle,terminal development types,and structural characteristics of the new direct expansion air source heat pump heating technology,such as condensation direct heat dissipation,condensation indirect heat dissipation,and condensation heat storage heat dissipation terminal.A comprehensive evaluation of its application fields and actual operating effects is also conducted.The direct expansion air source heat pump heating with natural convection heat dissipation has no intermediate heat medium secondary heat exchange,fast heating speed,effectively improves indoor thermal comfort,and enhances energy efficiency.In addition,the future development direction of air source heat pump heating technology is discussed,which will be further improved from the aspects of end of pipe high efficiency and serialization,low global warming potential (GWP) working fluid,rational operation and regulation,multifunctional heat pump,and compatibility with residential buildings,providing reference for promoting and expanding its engineering applications.

air source heat pump  /  natural convection terminals  /  research progress  /  direct expansion type
马国远, 孙尚瑜, 许树学, 荣维来. 室内自然对流散热的直膨式空气源热泵研究进展. 流体机械, 2025 , 53 (3) : 79 -88 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.010
Guoyuan MA, Shangyu SUN, Shuxue XU, Weilai RONG. Research progress on air source heat pump with direct expansion indoor natural convection heat dissipation[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2025 , 53 (3) : 79 -88 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.010
随着我国经济和城镇化的不断发展,人们对生活水平和供暖要求越来越高,传统的燃煤、燃气取暖方式对大气造成污染[1]。实施“煤改电”工程,即用电取暖代替传统燃煤锅炉供暖,可有效减少冬季供暖带来的碳排放,电取暖设备主要包括热泵、电暖器及电锅炉等[2-3]。此外,绝大多数地方政府为支持清洁供暖给予了相应的“煤改电”补贴[4]。
热泵从广义上可以分为水地源热泵、污水源热泵、余热源热泵及空气源热泵等类型[5]。空气源热泵不受资源限制,只受环境温度的影响,具有高效、节能、清洁、易于维护等优点,是响应国家清洁供暖号召的重要技术,已广泛应用于工业和日常生活中[6-7],在“煤改电”工程实施中发挥了举足轻重的作用。张帅等[8]认为空气源热泵是我国供暖领域低碳转型的优选方案,相较于电锅炉供暖,耗电量少,节能环保效果更好。空气源热泵按照室内末端的散热方式可分为自然对流和强制对流等类别,按照室内末端内换热介质又可分为工质直膨式和中间热媒式等类别。热水型供热末端是典型的中间热媒式末端,如水暖散热器、水暖地板和水暖天花板等,热风型供热末端是常见的直膨式强制对流末端,如热泵热风机、分体式热泵空调[9-11]。
热水型空气源热泵将热量传递给水,再经水泵送入到散热末端,末端型式包括散热器、风机盘管及辐射地盘管等。热水型供热末端的房间温度较稳定,舒适性较好[12]。热水温度随室外温度升高而降低。张龙爱等[13]为提升系统能效,将空气源热泵的模块化和变频化二合一,根据负荷变化,改变机组模块启停数量和运行频率。在实际运行中,热水型空气源热泵存在水温调节滞后的问题,对此,SUN等[14]提出了一种供水温度自适应控制方法,可有效提高机组性能系数,降低建筑能耗。WANG等[15]通过改变循环水路的温差和流量研究热泵系统性能,结果表明,大温差小水流下系统平均COP,相较于小温差大水流提高了7%左右。LI等[16]建立了水量对系统能效影响的分析模型,推荐我国北方农村住宅名义制热量下总水量的配置为30~40 L/kW。ASAEE等[17]通过调查空气-水热泵技术经济的可行性,发现该系统可有效减少36%的能耗和23%的温室气体排放量,但与水的二次换热降低了系统效率。为了提高系统能效,WU等[18]构建了空气源热泵与储水箱集成的热水机组供暖系统,HENG等[19]搭建了相变地板耦合空气-水热泵供暖的实验台,该设计既能提高系统性能,又能达到降低运行成本、调峰节能的目的。张了[20]认为热水型空气源热泵因其存在水的二次换热,造成了系统能效低、运行费用高等缺点,适用于经济水平较高的农村家庭。
热风型空气源热泵是将制冷剂直接送入室内末端的供热设备,已被纳入“煤改电”招标产品名录,目前,产品标准已颁布。其安装时将室内机落地放置,占地面积小,通过风机将热量送到室内,工作原理与热泵型空调器相同。农村建筑的实际供暖需求是间歇性的,只有部分时间和部分空间需要供暖,热风型空气源热泵可满足这一需求[21]。热风型空气源热泵能在室外-30 ℃的低温环境下运行,其制热能力较强,能效较高,室内升温速度快[12]。GENDELIS等[22]通过监测数据发现,热风型空气源热泵供暖房间的PPD(预计不满意率)经常高于15%,高垂直温差和大风速导致了热舒适性差。此外,风机的噪声会破坏室内声环境[23]。XIAO等[24]通过试验对比了热水型和热风型空气源热泵在同一工况下运行的性能和气流分布情况,结果表明,当机组在室外-20~-7 ℃之间运行时,热风型的供暖COP比热水型高0.1~0.3,但热水型的室内气流更均匀,无吹风感。LEE等[25]基于遗传算法开发了一种根据室外温度优化运行和设计参数的空气-空气热泵模型,该模型分别将季节COP和季节能效比提高了7.0%和21.4%。ALA等[26]对意大利城市空气-空气热泵(HPS)和燃气锅炉供暖系统(GBS)进行了能源和经济性分析,结果表明,HPS和GBS的能耗与公寓的位置和建筑外围结构的热特性有关。当HPS与GBS一起用于热水供应和燃气灶具时,HPS总是比GBS更具经济优势。
综上分析,热水型空气源热泵存在二次换热,造成冷凝温度增加、能效降低,且水泵功耗较高、噪声较大,冬季存在冻裂隐患,增加了运行维护成本。热风型空气源热泵存在送风速度有波动,舒适性较差,室内温度头高脚低,人员感觉不舒适等缺点,且难以做成“一拖多”适用多室住宅的型式。近年来,针对上述热水型和热风型空气源热泵供暖技术存在的问题,研发出室内自然对流换热的工质直膨式空气源热泵供暖技术,并取得了重要进展和工程应用。本文将该类热泵的供暖末端分为3种,分别为工质直接散热、间接散热和蓄热散热,并对直膨式空气源热泵供暖技术研发和工程应用等方面进行阐述和分析,为空气源热泵供暖技术的进一步发展提供参考。表1列出空气源热泵供暖末端分类情况。
直接散热的热泵是指工质直接进入换热末端给室内空气散热,不需要中间热媒进行二次交换的热泵,具有能效高和制热速度快的优势。图1示出直接散热的热泵系统原理,高温高压制冷剂气体从压缩机排出,进入丝管式冷凝器放热,随后经膨胀阀进入蒸发器吸收室外热量,再回到压缩机。
党鹏飞等[27-28]提出一种蛇形盘管两侧焊接钢丝的丝管式末端,热泵可连接多个末端,同时给多个房间供暖,试验结果表明,该系统在室内20 ℃,室外5 ℃工况下,COP可达到4.34。
SHAO等[29]提出一种新型工质加热散热器,由铜管嵌入两个钢板组成的管板一体式散热末端,每个钢壳的背面焊结筋条,加强了换热效果。通过现场测试,该系统与空调供暖系统相比,能源效率更高,房间温度分布更合理。
崔明明等[30]通过对空气源热泵直接地板辐射供暖系统试验测试,发现地板辐射取暖升温缓慢,但温度均匀,热舒适性高,具有一定的蓄热效果。MA等[31]通过建立空气源热泵直接地板辐射供暖系统的模型,研究了地板散热热流密度与管径、管间距、地板材料等影响因素的关系,结果表明,地板材料的导热系数越小,热流密度越容易受到管径的影响,且热流密度与管间距成反比关系。牛建会等[32]也对工质直接加热地板的空气源热泵进行了试验测试,结果表明,热泵制热性能随室外温度降低而下降,当室外温度为-5 ℃时,制热量达到1.89 kW,制热COP值稳定在4.61左右,机组性能良好。无水地暖产品可有效减少采暖费用,已经开始生产销售。
此外,很多学者对直凝式地板以及毛细管辐射供暖系统进行了模拟和试验研究,并对其经济性进行了分析,结果表明,该系统的性能、舒适性及经济性均优于传统空气源热泵供暖系统[33-39]。王园园等[40-41]通过试验测试发现直接地板辐射式供暖与热水型热泵供暖相比,冷凝温度降低了15~20 ℃,有效减小了工作温差和压比,提高了系统性能;与热风型热泵供暖相比,运行成本降低了约50%~60%。FANG等[42-44]提出了一种新型的空气源热泵,直接驱动床基空间辐射取暖系统,其末端由工质管道放置在铝框架内,填充泡沫材料构成,通过数值研究优化了系统设计和运行参数,研究结果表明,该系统能够满足均匀的热环境需求,具有节能潜力。
将冷凝管嵌入床体表面、地板和天花板等直接供暖,具有更小的温度波动和更均匀的温度分布,在我国供暖市场快速发展[45-47]。
现有的供暖终端在能效和热舒适性方面不一致。因此,相关企业和高校合作开发出直膨式空气源热泵,其末端结构如图2所示,由工质管道和内部翅片构成。主要性能参数如下:环境温度由-7 ℃降到-30 ℃时,制热COP值从3.4降低至1.9[48]。目前已经成功开发出2~3匹容量的系列产品并在多地应用,2023年的销量超过1万套。产品应用建筑采暖面积以60~120 m2为主,用户反映采暖效果良好,且机组连续运行2个完整供暖季未出现较大的故障。
此外,DONG等[49-50]提出了一种由铜管、翅片、辐射面板、风扇和保温层等组成的新型辐射对流混合供暖末端,其结构如图3所示,试验测试发现,该系统在标准工况下,辐射板表面温度能达到40.9 ℃,COP约为3.11。在此基础上,ZHANG等[51-52]对该系统进行研究发现,在除霜工况下仍可提供充足的热量,满足房间供暖,除霜和恢复加热时间分别为105,65 s。并且优化了该系统的控制策略,相较于常规控制策略,优化后的系统启动时间从29 min缩短至11 min。
黄顺[53]将管翅式冷凝器嵌入墙体中直接供暖,其结构如图4所示。由于墙面板具有蓄热性能,该系统可有效缩短除霜时间。室外温度从-4 ℃上升至10 ℃时,系统COP值从2.47上升至3.17。此外,SUN等[54]提出了一种整合热管与强化传热的新型辐射对流供暖末端,该末端温度响应速度优于常规辐射末端,表面温度分布均匀,在间歇供暖应用中有巨大的潜力。YANG等[55]提出了一种新型对流可调的平板辐射供暖装置,与先前提出的新型供暖末端的传热过程和热性能进行对比,结果表明,该平板辐射供暖末端具有更少的传热过程,且可实现对流可调。
直接散热热泵供暖系统的工质管路长、充注量大,存在造价高、泄漏风险大及维修困难等问题。为解决这类问题,相关研究人员通过增加热管提高换热效果,开发出了新型的间接散热供暖末端,其供暖系统原理如图5所示[56],冷凝管束设置在热管散热器的底部,高温高压制冷剂气体从压缩机排出进入冷凝管束,热量被释放到热管内的换热工质中,液态工质吸热变成气-液态沿热管流向上集管,给房间供暖。
XU等[56-57]利用热管传热快、均温性及工质使用量少等优势,开发出了热泵冷凝器和热管直接耦合的新型热管式散热器,其结构如图6所示。通过试验研究发现,在室内温度20 ℃和室外温度1.5~3.3 ℃的条件下,以热管式散热器为末端的空气源热泵供暖系统能长期稳定运行,制热COP可达到4.35~4.64[58]。XU等[59]研制了一套将多个热管式散热器串联的试验装置,并已进行示范应用,该项目采用海尔3匹的变频室外机,为4个房间供暖,共80 m2,整个供暖季可稳定运行。在室内温度20 ℃,环境温度-12.7 ℃的条件下,制热COP可达3.15,高出热水型热泵供暖的30%。
WU等[60]提出了一种新型辐射可调的加热末端,其利用相变传递热量,将工质管道长度减少到原有长度的22.9%,改善了供暖末端的稳定性、间歇性和安全性。此外,通过增加横流风扇,将最大能效比提高到3.9,室内温度从7~8 ℃上升到18 ℃需要的时长从5 470 s降低到2 410 s。
空气源热泵直接/间接散热供暖系统存在电力调峰、热量供需不匹配、系统启停频繁及除霜过程室内温度波动大等问题。对此,相关研究人员提出了蓄热散热末端,即在换热器内置蓄热介质,当室外换热器需要除霜时,直接吸收蓄热介质储蓄的热量,不影响室内温度。图7示出蓄热式热管散热热泵系统原理。
图中,热管内的热量一部分用于房间供暖,一部分用于加热热管两侧的蓄热介质,除霜时,蓄热介质既可以减小室内温度波动,也可以有效提升除霜效率。
北京工业大学在热管散热器前后翅片缝隙中添加蓄热材料,形成柱体蓄热结构,使其同时具备自然对流散热和蓄热功能,其设备如图8所示。该系统运行20 min,可满足30 min供暖需求。除霜结束时,带蓄热的热管散热器表面温度降低约5 ℃,不带蓄热的热管散热器表面温度降低约11 ℃。
ZHANG等[61]开发了一种与空气源热泵供暖系统相耦合的新型蓄冷式工质加热散热器,以金属材料为封装壳体,制冷剂换热管和蓄热介质置于其中,其结构如图9所示。该供暖系统额定工况制热COP为3.35~4.41。除霜过程,蓄热材料的加入可使室内保持舒适的温度。
JIANG等[62]提出了一种铝柱翼式工质直接辐射散热末端供暖系统,为增强散热末端热容量,在铜管与钢板之间的缝隙中充水进行蓄热。研究结果表明,该系统的显冷量、潜热冷量和辐射冷量占比分别为55.5%,17.3%和27.2%。SHAO等[63]提出一种在图3所示管板一体式散热末端的钢壳体和铜管之间,填充水作为蓄热材料的新型蓄热式制冷剂加热散热器,通过试验研究发现,该供暖系统能够满足寒冷地区的供暖需求,室内温度可保持在19.5 ℃,COP可达3.5,除霜工况下,该系统能保证室内热舒适性。此外,SHAO等[64]对系统的多项经济指标进行研究,相较于其他传统的空气源热泵供暖系统,该系统的经济竞争力更强。但这类散热器的制冷剂管道相对较长,导致成本增加,对此,XU等[65]提出了一种短铜管蓄热式直接冷凝对流辐射供热散热器,试验研究结果表明,短铜管直接冷凝对流辐射散热器可有效提高系统散热性能和热经济指标。
JIANG等[66]在直膨式地板辐射取暖冷凝器中加入复合相变材料进行蓄热。除霜工况下,相较于未增加复合相变材料的地板,该系统的地板表面温度下降延迟3 min。与传统空气-水热泵相比,能效更高,除霜过程室内温度波动更小。
目前,关于相变蓄热地板的研究较多,但对空气源热泵耦合相变蓄热地板辐射供暖系统的研究较少,NING等[67]通过对空气源热泵相变蓄热技术的研究进行调研,认为开发经济舒适的控制策略是未来研究的主流方向。
通过以上分析,自然对流散热的直膨式空气源热泵既改善了室内热舒适性,又提升了能效比,特别适合住宅取暖用,为“煤改电”工程提供了热泵新产品。但是,这一热泵新产品的研发是新近完成的,为促进和扩大其工程应用,未来还需要进一步完善,主要包括下面几个方向。
(1)末端高效化和系列化。开发强化传热、优化气流流动等新途径,可进一步缩减自然对流热泵末端的尺寸;末端产品的系列化和标准化,更有利于生产组织和系统配置。这些措施,能显著降低成本且利于安装,促进其推广应用。
(2)工质低全球变暖潜能值(GWP)化。蒙特利尔议定书基加利修正案的落实,热泵逐步采用低GWP工质并减少其充注量。目前,使用R32只是中期替代物,而R290,HFOs(氢氟烯烃)及其混合物才是长期替代物,这类热泵也要适配低GWP工质的研发。此外,还要通过采取优化系统配置、强化末端散热等措施,降低系统工质充注量,而热管式间接散热末端在这方面有明显的优势。
(3)运行和调控合理化。自然对流散热末端的直膨式空气源热泵,在运行和调控方面可参照多联式空调机,但还要结合自然对流末端的特性,适配性地研发多自然对流末端直膨式空气源热泵的运行调控方案。
(4)热泵多功能化。人在居住空间不仅需要取暖,还需要空调降温、生活热水及冷藏食品等,如何使一套热泵尽可能多地实现这些功能,将会促进其扩大应用。空调与取暖最容易兼容,理论上只需增加四通换向阀即可实现,但是制冷时有除湿需求,末端表面会凝露,因此,末端设计时应考虑凝露工况性能,特别是冷凝水的汇集和排泄。热泵制生活热水和增设冷藏功能,需要达到功能可靠、效果满意且相互不干涉的效果,还需要对热泵系统进行进一步的完善和研发。
(5)与住宅兼容化。自然对流末端布置相对分散且尺寸较大,如能在住宅建造或装修阶段就一同考虑末端布置,不仅协调美观,而且还能充分发挥其散热特点,改善热舒适性,前述研究涉及与地面、墙壁结合一体的末端,而末端与房间装饰相结合不仅能改善效果,还能凸显个性化,这方面研究迄今尚未见到报道,需要深入研究和设计。
(1)直膨式空气源热泵目前有直接散热、间接散热、蓄热散热等3类自然对流末端,均避免了中间热媒二次换热,制热速度更快,能效比更高,具有较好的发展前景。但是,直接散热末端存在管路长、工质充注量多、泄漏风险大等问题。
(2)间接散热末端,利用增加热管的方式进行换热,均温性能好,工质及冷凝管材使用量少,但除霜过程散热器表面温度波动大,可能会引起室内温度的波动,影响采暖体验。
(3)蓄热散热末端,可有效降低系统的启停频率,提高制热能效和除霜效率,改善用户取暖体验,但蓄热材料会增加投资成本,使末端结构变得复杂。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
潘艳丹,陈静,张炳学. 空气源热泵供暖的节能效果实例分析 [J]. 河南科技,2021,40(24): 91-93.
PAN Y D,CHEN J,ZHANG B X. A case study of the energy saving effect about heating supply under air source heat pumps [J]. Henan Science and Technology,2021,40 (24): 91-93.
2
刘元芳,李立,董重成. 空气源热泵供暖技术应用分析 [J]. 低温建筑技术,2017,39(1): 116-119.
LIU Y F,LI L,DONG Z C.Application analysis of the air source heat pump in heating technology[J].Low Temperature Building Technology,2017,39 (1): 116-119.
3
叶祺贤,马昕霞. 固体蓄热装置放热特性的实验研究[J]. 上海电力大学学报,2021,37(5): 422-427.
YE Q X,MA X X.Experimental study on heat dissipation characteristics of solid regenerative device [J].Journal of Shanghai Electric Power University,2021,37(5):422-427.
4
马宁,杨灵艳,王仕杰,等. 国际热泵技术发展热点分析——第14届热泵大会跟踪 [J]. 暖通空调,2024,54(8):1-13.
MA N,YANG L Y,WANG S J,et al.Analysis of hotspots in development of international heat pump technology:Tracking of 14th heat pump conference [J].Journal of HV&AC,2024,54(8):1-13.
5
赵建康.城镇清洁取暖新模式——空气源热泵取暖技术 [J].建设科技,2015(2): 53-58.
ZHAO J K. New model of urban clean heating:air source heat pump heating technology [J]. Construction Technology,2015 (2): 53-58.
6
武尚将,孙育英,王伟,等.空气源热泵-风机盘管供暖系统变水温自适应控制方法及应用研究[J].建筑科学,2022,38(6):169-177.
WU S J,SUN Y Y,WANG W,et al.Study on adaptive control method of variable water temperature in air source heat pump and fan coiled unit heating system [J].Building Science,2022,38(6):169-177.
7
JI S,LIU Y,XU H,et al. Application and analysis of air‑source heat pump heat supply system in cold areas [J]. Journal of Physics. Conference Series,2022,2186(1): 12017.
8
张帅,胡文举,李德英,等. 空气源热泵-散热器供暖系统用于北京地区某农村住宅的实测分析 [J]. 暖通空调,2015,45(8): 80-83.
ZHANG S,HU W J,LI D Y,et al.Field measurement and analysis on air‑source heat pump heating system with radiator for a rural house in Beijing area[J].Journal of HV&AC,2015,45(8):80-83.
9
SU C,MADANI H,PALM B.Heating solutions for residential buildings in China: Current status and future outlook[J].Energy Conversion And Management,2018,177: 493-510.
10
LIAO W,PENG J P,LUO Y M,et al.Comparative study on energy consumption and indoor thermal environment between convective air‑conditioning terminals and radiant ceiling terminals [J].Building and Environment,2022,209:108661.
11
KRAJCIK M ,ARICI M ,SIKULA O ,et al.Review of water-based wall systems:Heating,cooling,and thermal barriers[J].Energy & Buildings,2021,253:111476.
12
张建国.“碳中和”目标下,热泵供热技术前景展望 [J]. 中国能源,2021,43(7):12-18.
ZHANG J G.Prospect of heat pump heating technology under the goal of "carbon neutrality"[J].China Energy,2021,43(7):12-18.
13
张龙爱,王传华,陈一,等.空气源热泵冷热水机组应用于长江流域供暖的适应性分析及节能性提升 [J]. 暖通空调,2023,53(1):149-155.
ZHANG L A,WANG C H,CHEN Y,et al. Adaptability analysis and energy‑saving improvement of heating application of air‑source heat pump chilled and hot water units to Yangtze River basin[J]. Journal of HV&AC,2023,53 (1): 149-155.
14
SUN Y,CHEN X,WU S,et al.Performance analysis of air source heat pump space heating system with an adaptive control for supply water temperature [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2022,211: 118401.
15
WANG W,JIANG J,HU B,et al.Performance improvement of air‑source heat pump heating system with variable water temperature difference[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2022,210: 118366.
16
LI H,YANG Q,XU Z,et al. Impact of water volume on the energy saving potential of air source heat pump systems [J]. International Journal Of Refrigeration,2021,130: 128-139.
17
ASAEE S R,UGURSAL V I,BEAUSOLEIL‑ MORRISON I. Techno‑economic feasibility evaluation of air to water heat pump retrofit in the Canadian housing stock [J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,111:936-949.
18
WU P,WANG Z,LI X,et al. Energy‑saving analysis of air source heat pump integrated with a water storage tank for heating applications [J]. Building and Environment,2020,180: 107029.
19
HENG W,WANG Z,WU Y. Experimental study on phase change heat storage floor coupled with air source heat pump heating system in a classroom [J]. Energy and Buildings,2021,251: 111352.
20
张了. 小型低温空气源热泵取暖在北京农村的适用性研究 [D].北京:清华大学,2015.
ZHANG L. Research on low temperature air-source heat pump for residential heating applications in rural area,Beijing [D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University,2015.
21
CHEN X,LI Z,DAI L,et al. Occupant heating patterns of low‑temperature air‑to‑air heat pumps in rural areas during different heating periods [J]. Buildings,2023,13(3): 679.
22
GENDELIS S,JAKOVIČS A,RATNIEKS J. Thermal comfort condition assessment in test buildings with different heating/cooling systems and wall envelopes [J]. Energy Procedia,2017,132: 153-158.
23
孙训江.基于室内声场理论的空调器室内噪声特性研究 [D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.
SUN X J.Research on noise of air conditioner based on indoor sound field theory[D].Chongqing: Chongqing University,2014.
24
XIAO B,HE L,ZHANG S,et al.Comparison and analysis on air‑to‑air and air‑to‑water heat pump heating systems [J]. Renewable Energy,2020,146: 1888-1896.
25
LEE S H,JEON Y,CHUNG H J,et al. Simulation‑based optimization of heating and cooling seasonal performances of an air‑to‑air heat pump considering operating and design parameters using genetic algorithm [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2018,144: 362-370.
26
ALA G,ORIOLI A,DI GANGI A. Energy and economic analysis of air-to-air heat pumps as an alternative to domestic gas boiler heating systems in the South of Italy[J].Energy,2019,173:59-74.
27
党鹏飞,马国远,许树学. 新型带自然对流散热末端的热泵系统性能分析 [J]. 制冷与空调(四川),2022,36(2): 196-202.
DANG P F,MA G Y,XU S X. Performance analysis of a new type of heat pump system with natural convection heat sink [J]. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (Sichuan),2022,36 (2): 196-202.
28
马国远,刘帅领,许树学,等. 一种模块式室内自然对流换热单元的热泵系统:CN202120055069 [P]. 2022-03-15.
MA G Y,LIU S L,XU S X,et al. A modular indoor natural convection heat transfer unit for heat pump system:CN202120055069[P]. 2022-03-15.
29
SHAO S,ZHANG H,JIANG L,et al.Numerical investigation and thermal analysis of a refrigerant-heated radiator heating system coupled with air source heat pump[J].Energy Procedia,2019,158:2158-2163.
30
崔明明,马国远,曹瑞林,等.空气源热泵直接地板辐射取暖实验研究 [J]. 家电科技,2022,4(4): 96-100.
CUI M M,MA G Y,CAO R L,et al.Experimental study on direct floor radiant heating with air source heat pump [J].Home Appliance Technology,2022,4(4): 96-100.
31
MA K R ,HOU N N ,WANG X ,et al.Analysis and study of the effect of the direct floor radiant heating system of the air source heat pump at heating working conditions[J].International Journal of Simulation: Systems,Science & Technology,2016,17(28):1-5.
32
牛建会,王海超,吕天舒,等.空气源热泵毛细管地板辐射供暖系统实验研究[J].制冷学报,2025,46(1):46-52.
NIU J H,WANG H C,LYU T S,et al. Experimental study on capillary floor radiant heating system with air‑source heat pump [J]. Journal of Refrigeration,2025,46(1):46-52.
33
王琳. 基于直膨式毛细管供热的空气源热泵地板换热特性研究 [D]. 青岛: 青岛理工大学,2021.
WANG L. Study on heat transfer characteristics of floor based direct expansion capillary heating of air source heat pump [D]. Qingdao: Qingdao University of Technology,2021.
34
付文涛. 直膨式空气源热泵辐射板取暖系统在重庆地区适用性的实验研究 [D]. 重庆: 重庆大学,2018.
FU W T. Experimental study on applicability of direct expansion air‑source heat pump radiative panel heating system in Chongqing[D].Chongqing: Chongqing University,2018.
35
马小丹. 直膨式空气源热泵毛细管辐射系统在宁波地区的供暖应用研究 [D]. 西安: 西安建筑科技大学,2022.
MA X D. Application of air source direct expansion heat pump with capillary radiant floor heating system in Ningbo area [D]. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2022.
36
步秋军. 直膨式空气源热泵耦合毛细管地板辐射取暖系统性能研究 [D].张家口:河北建筑工程学院,2023.
BU Q J. Research on the performance of direct expansion air source heat pump coupled capillary floor radiation heating system [D].Zhangjiakou:Hebei Institute of Architecture and Engineering,2023.
37
李永斌. 空气源热泵直接冷凝式地板辐射供暖系统技术经济对比研究 [J]. 区域供热,2018(6): 135-142.
LI Y B. Comparative research on technology and economy of direct condensing floor heating system with air‑source heat pump [J]. District Heating,2018(6): 135-142.
38
陈苏坤,李永财,付文涛,等. 一种新型空气源热泵辐射供暖系统的实验研究 [J]. 建筑热能通风空调,2020,39(9): 17-20.
CHEN S K,LI Y C,FU W T,et al. Experimental study on a new type of air‑source heat pump radiant heating system [J]. Building Thermal Ventilation and Air Conditioning,2020,39 (9): 17-20.
39
杜彦. 空气源热泵直接地板辐射供暖系统运行方式及经济性研究 [D]. 太原: 太原理工大学,2015.
DU Y. Research of running modes and economy for direct radiant floor heating system with air source heat pump[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2015.
40
王园园,张超,梁年良,等.空气源热泵冷剂直热式建筑取暖系统研究现状 [J].建筑节能,2015(7): 21-24.
WANG Y Y,ZHANG C,LIANG N L,et al.Status of the refrigerant direct‑heating system in building with air‑source heat pump[J].Building energy conservation,2015(7):21-24.
41
黎天标.直凝式空气源热泵地暖系统研究[D].广州:广东工业大学,2016.
LI T B. Study on direct condensing air source heat pump radiant floor heating system [D]. Guangzhou: Guangdong University of Technology,2016.
42
FANG G,CHEN W,WANG C,et al. A novel air source heat pump powered bed‑based space heating (ASHP-BBSH) system for improved indoor thermal environment [J]. Energy Procedia,2019,158: 2231-2236.
43
FANG G,CHAN M,YAN H,et al. A numerical study on evaluating the thermal environment in a space served by a bed‑based air source heat pump (B-ASHP) system [J]. Energy and Buildings,2021,234: 110693.
44
FANG G,CHAN M,Yan H,et al. An experimental study on the operating performances of a novel bed‑based air source heat pump (B-ASHP) system [J]. Energy and Buildings,2020,223: 110191.
45
SONG M,DENG S,DANG C,et al. Review on improvement for air source heat pump units during frosting and defrosting [J]. Applied Energy,2018,211: 1150-1170.
46
SHEN C,LEI Z,LYU G,et al.Experimental performance evaluation of a novel anti‑ouling wastewater source heat pump system with a wastewater tower [J]. Applied Energy,2019,236: 690-699.
47
LI R,YOSHIDOMI T,OOKA R,et al. Field evaluation of performance of radiant heating/cooling ceiling panel system [J]. Energy and buildings,2015,86: 58-65.
48
许树学,韩婷婷,马国远.一种带风机冷热两用新型换热末端的空气源热泵装置: CN202210502683.5[P].2022-08-05.
XU S X,HAN T T,MA G Y. An air‑source heat pump device with a new type of heat exchanger end for fan cooling and heating: CN202210502683.5[P].2022-08-05.
49
DONG J,ZHANG L,DENG S,et al. An experimental study on a novel radiant‑convective heating system based on air source heat pump[J]. Energy and Buildings,2018,158: 812-821.
50
DONG J,ZHENG W,SONG M,et al.Numerical simulation on heating performances of a radiant‐convective heating terminal [J]. Journal of Building Engineering,2021,39: 102307.
51
ZHANG L,DONG J,JIANG Y,et al.An experimental study on frosting and defrosting performances of a novel air source heat pump unit with a radiant‑convective heating terminal [J]. Energy and Buildings,2018,163: 10-21.
52
ZHANG L,DONG J,DENG S,et al. An experimental study on the starting characteristics of an improved radiant‑convective air source heat pump system [J]. Energy and Buildings,2020,226: 110384.
53
黄顺. 直膨式空气源热泵墙面板供暖性能实验研究 [D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学,2017.
HUANG S.Experimental study on heating performance of wall panel with direct expansion air source heat pump [D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology,2017.
54
SUN H L,DUAN M F,WU Y F,et al.Thermal performance investigation of a novel heating terminal integrated with flat heat pipe and heat transfer enhancement [J]. Energy,2021,236:121411.
55
YANG Z,HU Q,LI Y,et al. Thermal performance of novel convective‑adjustable flat panel radiant unit [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2024,244: 122689.
56
XU S,DING R,NIU J,et al. Investigation of air‑source heat pump using heat pipes as heat radiator [J]. International Journal of Refrigeration,2018,90: 91-98.
57
许树学,马国远.一种工质充注量可调的热泵/热管复合供热装置:CN201811341340.5[P].2019-03-19.
XU S X,MA G Y. A heat pump/heat pipe composite heating device with adjustable work mass charge. 201811341340.5[P].2019-03-19.
58
XU S X,CHU Z H,NIU J H,et al. Air source heat pump/heat pipe domestic room heating system: Design and experimental research [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2021,192: 116930.
59
XU S X,NIU J H,MA G Y. Experimental investigation of an air source heat pump with multigroup heat pipe radiators [J]. Solar Energy,2023,260: 137-146.
60
WU Y,SUN H,DUAN M,et al. Novel radiation‑adjustable heating terminal based on flat heat pipe combined with air source heat pump [J]. Engineering,2023,20(1): 192-207.
61
ZHANG H,JIANG L,ZHENG W,et al. Experimental study on a novel thermal storage refrigerant‑heated radiator coupled with air source heat pump heating system [J].Building and Environment,2019,164: 106341.
62
JIANG T T,YOU S J,WU Z X,et al. Performance analysis of the refrigerant‑cooling radiant terminal:A numerical simulation [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2021,197:117395.
63
SHAO S,ZHANG H,YOU S,et al.Thermal performance analysis of a new refrigerant‑heated radiator coupled with air‑source heat pump heating system[J].Applied Energy,2019,247:78-88.
64
SHAO S,ZHANG H,FAN X,et al.Thermodynamic and economic analysis of the air source heat pump system with direct‑condensation radiant heating panel [J].Energy(Oxford),2021,225:120195.
65
XU C,SHAO S. Performances investigations on thermal characteristics of a novel direct‑condensation convective‑radiant heating panel:An experimental and numerical study [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2024,244: 122705.
66
JIANG T T,ZHENG C X,YOU S J,et al.Experimental and numerical study on the heat transfer performance of the radiant floor heating condenser with composite phase change material[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2022,213:118749.
67
NING Z,ZHANG X,JI J,et al. Research progress of phase change thermal storage technology in air‑source heat pump [J]. Journal of energy storage,2023,64: 107114.
2025年第53卷第3期
84
28
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.010
  • 接收时间:2024-08-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-03-30
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-06
基金
作者信息
    北京工业大学 环境与能源工程学院,北京 100124
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ltjx/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.03.010
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏