Article(id=1320037787986940004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037738695475401, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.05.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760457600000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-15, revisedDate=1776009600000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792651133772, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1780070400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792651133772, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792651133772, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792651133772, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320037738695475401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2026', volume='54', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780070400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792651122020, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792656245721, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320059229113795207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037738695475401, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320059229113795208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037738695475401, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=94, endPage=101, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320037789652078693, articleId=1320037787986940004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Simulation of the working process of the BOG twin‑screw compressor based on Matlab-PDE toolbox thermal-fluid-structure coupling method, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the problem of excessive time cost when adopting fluid-structure interaction CFD simulations to study the effect of low‑temperature characteristics of boil‑off gas (BOG) on screw compressor efficiency,this study establishes a numerical model of a twin‑screw compressor using MATLAB.The PDE toolbox is employed to calculate the temperature distribution and thermal deformation of the screw rotors.The new clearance caused by rotor deformation is then incorporated into the numerical model to obtain the compressor efficiency considering rotor deformation.The computation time of this process is approximately 1/100 of that required for CFD simulations,greatly reducing the time cost.The numerical results were compared with those from an experimentally validated CFD model,and the errors in volumetric efficiency and isentropic efficiency were both within 3%.Furthermore,a low‑temperature intake test rig was constructed to measure volumetric efficiency at different intake temperatures.The maximum error between the measured data and the numerical results was within 5%,thereby verifying the reliability of the model.Based on the model,the influence of rotational speed on compressor performance was analyzed.The results show that as the rotational speed increases from 4 000 r/min to 10 000 r/min,the volumetric efficiency rises from 55.1% to 73.2%.The isentropic efficiency first increases and then decreases with rotational speed,reaching a maximum value of 62.2% at 8 000 r/min.This model can quickly and accurately predict the performance of the BOG twin‑screw compressor under various operating conditions,providing a reference for the efficiency design and optimization of high‑speed twin‑screw compressors.

, authors=Yuhang ZHOU1, Yuli WANG1, 2, Anna DIAO2, Yi GUO1, Jianmei FENG1, authorsList=Yuhang ZHOU, Yuli WANG, Anna DIAO, Yi GUO, Jianmei FENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yi GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320037791862476926, articleId=1320037787986940004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=基于Matlab-PDE toolbox热流固耦合仿真方法的蒸发气螺杆压缩机工作过程研究, columnId=1317484300472271469, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=应用技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对采用流固耦合CFD仿真计算研究蒸发气低温特性对螺杆压缩机效率影响时,存在时间成本过高的问题,本文通过Matlab编程工具建立螺杆压缩机数值计算模型,利用PDE工具箱计算螺杆转子的温度分布与温度变形,将转子变形产生的新间隙代入数值模型,得到考虑转子变形后的压缩机效率,该过程计算用时仅约为CFD计算的1/100,极大降低了时间成本。将模型计算结果与经试验验证的CFD模型结果进行对比,容积效率和绝热效率误差均不超过3%;同时搭建低温进气试验台,测量不同进气温度下的容积效率,测量数据与数值计算结果最大误差不超过5%,验证了模型的可靠性。据此分析了不同转速对压缩机性能的影响,结果表明,转速从4 000 r/min提升至10 000 r/min时,容积效率从55.1%升高至73.2%;绝热效率随转速呈先增后减的趋势,在转速为8 000 r/min时达到最大值62.2%。该模型可快速准确预测不同工况下蒸发气螺杆压缩机的性能,为高转速螺杆压缩机的效率设计与优化提供参考。

, authors=周宇航1, 王玉莉1, 2, 刁安娜2, 郭怡1, 冯健美1, authorsList=周宇航, 王玉莉, 刁安娜, 郭怡, 冯健美, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郭怡, authorNote=

周宇航(1995),男,博士研究生,主要从事BOG螺杆压缩机的设计与优化,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=
郭怡(1986),女,副教授,主要从事离子液体压缩机研究,通信地址:710049陕西省西安市咸宁西路28号西安交通大学压缩机研究所,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=D3D0JyWkZP4Z5M4HF8KLnA==, magXml=QFEYOKk/iPROjr1cNc4vbg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=I41hfShJRv9tvqKM+LekUg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=vyM8umkv/fuvKvh88ZX7mw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320037792223187078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037787986940004, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yuhangzhou@stu.xjtu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320037792290295944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037787986940004, authorId=1320037792223187078, language=EN, stringName=Yuhang ZHOU, firstName=Yuhang, middleName=null, lastName=ZHOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320037792353210505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037787986940004, authorId=1320037792223187078, language=CN, stringName=周宇航, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1西安交通大学,西安 710049, bio={"content":"

周宇航(1995),男,博士研究生,主要从事BOG螺杆压缩机的设计与优化,E-mail:。

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周宇航(1995),男,博士研究生,主要从事BOG螺杆压缩机的设计与优化,E-mail:。

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efficiency of the compressor at different speeds, figureFileSmall=sK+c92fwjrAZqMQHVt4qNQ==, figureFileBig=FesH5OIiCdgF8SbbNkybvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320037800964116674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037787986940004, language=CN, label=图12, caption=不同转速下压缩机的容积效率和绝热效率, figureFileSmall=sK+c92fwjrAZqMQHVt4qNQ==, figureFileBig=FesH5OIiCdgF8SbbNkybvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320037801035419844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037787986940004, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

The structure parameters of the rotor

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结构尺寸阳转子阴转子
转子型线SMR-ASMR-A
转子齿数比4∶64∶6
中心距/mm140140
转子长度/mm283283
转子直径/mm178.5178.5
阳转子扭转角/(°)300200
), ArticleFig(id=1320037801110917317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037787986940004, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

转子结构参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构尺寸阳转子阴转子
转子型线SMR-ASMR-A
转子齿数比4∶64∶6
中心距/mm140140
转子长度/mm283283
转子直径/mm178.5178.5
阳转子扭转角/(°)300200
), ArticleFig(id=1320037803002548422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037787986940004, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

The properties of 25Cr2Ni3MoV steel

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物理性能数值
弹性模量/MPa1.96×105
泊松比0.3
线膨胀系数/℃-112.3×10-5
热导率/(W·m-1·℃-1)39.6
比热容/(J·kg-1·℃-1)434
), ArticleFig(id=1320037803078045895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037787986940004, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

25Cr2Ni3MoV钢物理性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物理性能数值
弹性模量/MPa1.96×105
泊松比0.3
线膨胀系数/℃-112.3×10-5
热导率/(W·m-1·℃-1)39.6
比热容/(J·kg-1·℃-1)434
), ArticleFig(id=1320037803157737672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037787986940004, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison of the efficiency between CFD and numerical model

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转速/(r·min-1)容积效率/%绝热效率/%
CFD数值模型偏差CFD数值模型偏差
6 00073.1775.642.4767.9070.162.26
8 00077.5579.822.2768.6971.693.00
10 00079.9882.042.0668.6770.541.87
), ArticleFig(id=1320037803405201609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037787986940004, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

CFD和数值模型计算的压缩机效率对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
转速/(r·min-1)容积效率/%绝热效率/%
CFD数值模型偏差CFD数值模型偏差
6 00073.1775.642.4767.9070.162.26
8 00077.5579.822.2768.6971.693.00
10 00079.9882.042.0668.6770.541.87
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基于Matlab-PDE toolbox热流固耦合仿真方法的蒸发气螺杆压缩机工作过程研究
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周宇航 1 , 王玉莉 1, 2 , 刁安娜 2 , 郭怡 1 , 冯健美 1
流体机械 | 应用技术 2026,54(5): 94-101
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流体机械 |应用技术 2026 , 54 (5) : 94 -101
基于Matlab-PDE toolbox热流固耦合仿真方法的蒸发气螺杆压缩机工作过程研究
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周宇航(1995),男,博士研究生,主要从事BOG螺杆压缩机的设计与优化,E-mail:。

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周宇航(1995),男,博士研究生,主要从事BOG螺杆压缩机的设计与优化,E-mail:。

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周宇航1 , 王玉莉1, 2, 刁安娜2, 郭怡1 , 冯健美1
作者信息
  • 1西安交通大学,西安 710049
  • 2中国船舶集团有限公司第七一一研究所,上海 201108
通讯作者:
郭怡(1986),女,副教授,主要从事离子液体压缩机研究,通信地址:710049陕西省西安市咸宁西路28号西安交通大学压缩机研究所,E-mail:。
作者简介:

周宇航(1995),男,博士研究生,主要从事BOG螺杆压缩机的设计与优化,E-mail:。

Simulation of the working process of the BOG twin‑screw compressor based on Matlab-PDE toolbox thermal-fluid-structure coupling method
Yuhang ZHOU1 , Yuli WANG1, 2, Anna DIAO2, Yi GUO1 , Jianmei FENG1
Affiliations
  • 1Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China
  • 2Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute,Shanghai 201108,China
出版时间: 2026-05-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.05.011
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针对采用流固耦合CFD仿真计算研究蒸发气低温特性对螺杆压缩机效率影响时,存在时间成本过高的问题,本文通过Matlab编程工具建立螺杆压缩机数值计算模型,利用PDE工具箱计算螺杆转子的温度分布与温度变形,将转子变形产生的新间隙代入数值模型,得到考虑转子变形后的压缩机效率,该过程计算用时仅约为CFD计算的1/100,极大降低了时间成本。将模型计算结果与经试验验证的CFD模型结果进行对比,容积效率和绝热效率误差均不超过3%;同时搭建低温进气试验台,测量不同进气温度下的容积效率,测量数据与数值计算结果最大误差不超过5%,验证了模型的可靠性。据此分析了不同转速对压缩机性能的影响,结果表明,转速从4 000 r/min提升至10 000 r/min时,容积效率从55.1%升高至73.2%;绝热效率随转速呈先增后减的趋势,在转速为8 000 r/min时达到最大值62.2%。该模型可快速准确预测不同工况下蒸发气螺杆压缩机的性能,为高转速螺杆压缩机的效率设计与优化提供参考。

螺杆压缩机  /  蒸发气  /  数值模型  /  转子变形  /  热流固耦合

To address the problem of excessive time cost when adopting fluid-structure interaction CFD simulations to study the effect of low‑temperature characteristics of boil‑off gas (BOG) on screw compressor efficiency,this study establishes a numerical model of a twin‑screw compressor using MATLAB.The PDE toolbox is employed to calculate the temperature distribution and thermal deformation of the screw rotors.The new clearance caused by rotor deformation is then incorporated into the numerical model to obtain the compressor efficiency considering rotor deformation.The computation time of this process is approximately 1/100 of that required for CFD simulations,greatly reducing the time cost.The numerical results were compared with those from an experimentally validated CFD model,and the errors in volumetric efficiency and isentropic efficiency were both within 3%.Furthermore,a low‑temperature intake test rig was constructed to measure volumetric efficiency at different intake temperatures.The maximum error between the measured data and the numerical results was within 5%,thereby verifying the reliability of the model.Based on the model,the influence of rotational speed on compressor performance was analyzed.The results show that as the rotational speed increases from 4 000 r/min to 10 000 r/min,the volumetric efficiency rises from 55.1% to 73.2%.The isentropic efficiency first increases and then decreases with rotational speed,reaching a maximum value of 62.2% at 8 000 r/min.This model can quickly and accurately predict the performance of the BOG twin‑screw compressor under various operating conditions,providing a reference for the efficiency design and optimization of high‑speed twin‑screw compressors.

twin‑screw compressor  /  BOG  /  numerical model  /  rotor deformation  /  thermal-fluid-structure coupling
周宇航, 王玉莉, 刁安娜, 郭怡, 冯健美. 基于Matlab-PDE toolbox热流固耦合仿真方法的蒸发气螺杆压缩机工作过程研究. 流体机械, 2026 , 54 (5) : 94 -101 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.05.011
Yuhang ZHOU, Yuli WANG, Anna DIAO, Yi GUO, Jianmei FENG. Simulation of the working process of the BOG twin‑screw compressor based on Matlab-PDE toolbox thermal-fluid-structure coupling method[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2026 , 54 (5) : 94 -101 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.05.011
天然气是化石能源中相对清洁的能源,具有低排放、低污染的特点,在我国的能源消费结构中的比重不断增加,目前,我国形成了国内生产,管道进口及液化天然气(liquefied natural gas,LNG)进口多元化供应格局[1-2]。LNG运输船是天然气主要运输方式之一,在运输过程中,由于LNG的可燃性和超低温性,LNG会不断蒸发产生蒸发气(boil‑off gas,BOG),在满载状态下,每天LNG的蒸发量为总货重的0.1%~0.15%,并且根据航行总时长的不同,LNG的损耗量在总量的2%~6%之间[3-5]。如果不对BOG进行处理,可能造成货舱超压的危险,并且产生非常巨大的运输损耗。
BOG回收系统是LNG运输的关键技术,BOG压缩机是系统中的核心部件,螺杆压缩机由于其运行稳定,相同排量下结构简单紧凑,维护周期长等优点,开始在BOG回收系统中被使用,由于BOG的温度很低,螺杆压缩机需应对严苛的工况环境,目前为止,很多学者对螺杆压缩机的工作过程进行了三维的仿真计算。李敏等[6]通过CFD方法研究了螺杆压缩机齿顶间隙的泄漏量,分析了间隙处泄漏气的压力及速度分布,并研究了不同工况条件对泄漏量的影响,对密封齿进行了优化,有效减小压缩机齿顶间隙处的泄漏。刘一爽等[7]对高温热泵用螺杆压缩机的转子变形产生的间隙变化进行了研究,采用CFD共轭传热的方法计算了转子变形量,通过试验验证了CFD共轭传热模型的准确性。赵颖等[8]利用Ansys Workbench软件,通过稳态结构分析模块研究了转子变形对压缩机间隙的影响,为压缩机安全运行提供了依据。另外,刘营营等[9]分析了三螺杆泵不同的齿顶间隙、啮合间隙对转子变形的影响,并通过流固耦合方法计算了螺杆泵流体作用下的位移和应力。
ZHOU等[10]研究发现,在低温进气的条件下,螺杆压缩机的转子会产生收缩变形,这使得压缩机容积效率和绝热效率随着温度的降低而减小,而增加转速能削弱低温对压缩机的不利影响。通过CFD共轭传热方法能够较为准确地对压缩机的工作进行仿真,但一次CFD计算的时间通常在24 h以上,一个算例需要进行最少两次CFD计算,耗费的时间成本非常高。并且在对低温环境中BOG螺杆压缩机效率变化的研究中,压缩机效率是研究关注的重点,而不是压缩机内物理量具体的分布情况,因此,使用数值计算方法能够极大地减小时间成本。
目前,关于螺杆压缩机数值仿真计算的研究较多。刘常峰等[11]建立了基于Matlab平台的仿真计算模型,对压缩机的主要性能参数进行了仿真,并通过试验进行了验证。唐斌等[12]对两级螺杆压缩机工作过程进行了数值计算,建立了两级压缩机的数学模型,分析了级间压力,等熵效率等性能参数的变化规律。TIAN等[13]为了研究不同工况下喷水特性及其对压缩机性能的影响,开发了压缩机工作过程的详细热力学模型,研究了运行参数对压缩机性能和最佳喷水流量的影响。
目前,压缩机工作过程的数值仿真技术相对成熟,但通过数值计算的方法实现螺杆压缩机流固耦合仿真的研究尚不充分,且已有研究均未考虑到结构温度变形导致间隙变化对压缩机性能的影响[14-15]。因此,本文基于Matlab平台对螺杆压缩机的工作过程进行了数值仿真计算,获得压缩机工作工程中温度和压力的变化情况,并将温度结果作为边界条件,基于PDE工具箱中的瞬态换热及稳态结构计算模块,计算了螺杆转子的温度变形,并将热变形反馈到工作工程计算中,实现了流固热耦合计算。
计算的具体流程总体分为三步,具体如下。
(1)步骤一:在考虑泄漏及换热的条件下,计算压缩过程压缩机工作腔内的温度和压力,将总吸气流量和总排气流量的差异作为收敛的判据,当两者的差别小于0.1%时,认为计算收敛。
(2)步骤二:将计算获得的温度作为边界条件,利用PDE工具箱中的瞬态换热分析模块计算出螺杆转子的温度,然后,使用稳态结构分析模块计算出转子的温度变形。
(3)步骤三:将设置的初始间隙值减去转子的温度变形,获得新的泄漏间隙,然后重复步骤一,计算获得的结果即为考虑了转子变形后压缩机的性能。
螺杆压缩机工作过程是由阴阳转子齿间容积与机壳形成封闭容积,转子转动导致封闭容积变化,实现气体压缩,在进行工作过程模拟时,可以转换成活塞式压缩机的形式,压缩控制容积示意如图1所示,将压缩机吸排气过程的质量变化与各个泄漏通道中的泄漏看作是压缩机内控制体的质量变化,均采用喷嘴流量公式计算质量流量。
求解螺杆压缩机的工作过程,是将压缩机工作腔作为控制容积,通过联立求解能量守恒方程、质量守恒方程以及状态方程(本文中采用的理想气体状态方程),获得不同时刻的控制容积内的压力和温度。控制容积内的能量守恒方程通过热力学参数关系式的推导,可以获得压力随时间的偏导式为:
∂p∂φ=1v∂h∂vT-∂h/∂Tv∂p/∂vT∂p/∂Tvdvdφ÷1-1v∂h/∂Tv∂p/∂Tv-1Vc∑dmidφhi-h-dQdφ÷1-1v∂h/∂Tv∂p/∂Tv
式中,p为控制体内气体压力,kPa;φ为阳转子转角,(°);v为控制体内气体的比体积,m3/kg;h为控制体内气体的比焓,kJ/kg;T为控制体内气体温度,℃;Vc为控制体容积,m3;mi为进入控制体的质量流量,kg/s;hi为漏入气体的比焓,kJ/kg;Q为控制体与外界的换热量,W。
控制容积内的质量守恒方程总体表示为:
Δm=mi+mo
式中,Δm为控制体内的净质量流量,kg/s;mo为流出控制体的质量流量,kg/s。
进出控制容积的流量计算公式使用喷嘴流量公式,如下所示。
当2/k+1k/k-1≤(p2/p1)≤1时:
dmdφ=CAp1ω2kk-1RgT11/2×p2p12/k-p2p1k+1/k1/2
当0≤(p2/p1)≤2/k+1k/k-1时:
dmdφ=CAp1ωkk-1Rg2k+1k+1/k-11/2
式中,C为流量系数;A为泄漏面积,m2;p1,p2为高压区域和低压区域的气体压力,kPa;ω为压缩机转速,r/min;k为绝热指数;Rg为气体常数;T1为高压区域的气体温度,℃。
由于本文采用空气作为计算工质,因此,使用理想气体状态方程,计算式如下:
pv=RT
式中,R为通用气体常数。
根据TIAN等[16]的研究可知,转子腔内的流体与转子和机壳壁面的热交换计算公式如下:
dQdφ=hAhT-Tw /360n
h=Nuλ /d
Nu=0.023Re0.8Pr0.3Cr
Re=ρud /μ
Pr=Cpμ/λ
Cr=1+1.770.5rout-rin2rout-rin
式中,h为对流换热系数,W/(m²·℃);Ah为换热面积,m2;Tw为壁面温度,℃;Nu为努塞尔数;λ为导热系数,W/(m·℃);d为特征长度,m;Re为雷诺数;Pr为普朗特数;Cr为修正系数;ρ为流体密度,kg/m3;u为流速,m/s;μ为动力黏度,N·s/m²;rout为转子齿顶圆半径,m;rin为转子齿根圆半径,m。
从能量守恒方程中求解压力项需要使用常微分方程求解器,经典四阶Runge-Kutta(RK4)法是最常用的求解器之一,但是此方法存在时间步长固定的缺点,王炳棋等[17]研究发现,在计算螺杆压缩机的吸排气过程中,由压力计算产生的微小偏差会导致质量流量非常大的波动,从而产生了较大的数值刚性,必须减小时间步长才能使计算稳定,若要使用RK4方法,整个计算过程的时间步长都要保持在很小的值,这无疑会增加计算成本。因此,本文在BELL[18]的涡旋压缩机的数值计算中引入了Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg(RKF)方法,这是一种自适应步长的方法,可以保证在误差小于期望值时自动改变步长的大小,这样既保证了计算的稳定性,也加快计算速度,减小了时间成本。
通过压缩机工作过程数值模拟计算,获得了压缩机的温度压力随时间的变化,以流体的温度为边界条件,基于Matlab PDE工具箱计算螺杆转子的热变形。计算分为两步:第一步,通过瞬态换热分析计算螺杆转子的温度分布;第二步,通过稳态结构分析计算热变形。由于阴阳转子的计算方法相同,此处只以阳转子为例。
为了方便计算,将压缩机转子两端的伸出轴进行简化,只留下30 mm长度的伸出轴,去除多余的部分。转子初始温度设置为30 ℃,边界条件设置为伸出轴的表面温度30 ℃,换热系数设置为50 W/(m2·K),每个转子腔以接触线为分界线分成了两段,4个转子腔被分为了8个腔,每个转子腔的表面温度对应的阳转子角度的相位差为90°。
压缩机转子的具体结构参数见表1。转子的材料为25Cr2Ni3MoV转子专用不锈钢,其物理性能参数见表2。
稳态结构分析的约束条件设置如图3所示,排气侧伸出轴的端面施加全自由度固定约束,两侧伸出轴侧面设置为允许以Z轴为中心轴的转动和沿Z方向的位移,其他自由度全部约束。
在刘一爽等[7]的研究中,采用共轭传热耦合方法的CFD仿真计算的可靠性已被验证,因此,使用CFD方法和数值计算方法分别计算了吸气温度为-30 ℃时,转速为6 000,8 000,10 000 r/min时的转子变形和压缩机容积效率,以及绝热效率,并进行了对比,以此来验证数值模型的准确性。图4示出转速为6 000 r/min时阴阳转子平均径向变形的对比结果,可以看出,CFD和数值模型的计算结果十分接近,最大差值不超过0.003 mm。
通过CFD和数值模型分别计算的压缩机效率的对比结果见表3,可以看到,两种方法计算出的结果十分接近。随着转速的增加,数值模型计算的容积效率从75.64%增加到82.04%;而CFD的计算结果从73.17%增加到79.98%,最大偏差为2.47%。随着转速增加,数值模型计算的绝热效率从70.16%增加至71.69%,随后减小到70.54%;CFD的绝热效率从67.90%增加到68.69%,随后减小到68.67%,最大偏差为3.00%。两种方法效率的最大偏差都在3%以内,认为数值模型的计算结果是可靠的。
为了进一步验证模型的可靠性,搭建了如图5所示的干式螺杆压缩机低温性能试验台,使用液氮蒸发的低温氮气对干燥过的空气进行降温,从而实现了压缩机的低温进气。并且通过调节氮气和空气的混合比例调节进气温度。混合气进入压缩机前先通过气液分离器,能够进一步去除空气中冷凝出的水汽,还能够使气体混合的更加充分,使进气温度更均匀。
由于低温氮气是由杜瓦罐提供,而供气量有限,因此,试验系统可实现的最低进气温度仅为-23.3 ℃,在此限制下测量了不同进气温度下的压缩机质量流量,并且计算出了压缩机的容积效率,与仿真结果进行了对比,如图6所示。数值计算结果与试验数据的变化趋势一致,最大误差不超过5%,通过对比进一步验证了数值模型的可靠性。
对CFD和数值计算所用时间进行对比,一次CFD计算的总步数为2 150步,用时27 h 26 min,即为98 760 s,而一次数值计算共迭代了4次达到收敛,总用时949 s,是CFD计算用时的0.961%。
BOG的特点就是温度极低,从LNG储液罐中排出的BOG温度一般为-150 ℃,但是在进入压缩机前,在输送管道中BOG的部分冷量被消耗,并且BOG回收系统中一般为多级压缩,为了匹配流量,在级间布置有回气管道,会将各级压缩机的部分排气输送回一级压缩机进气,导致一级压缩机的进气温度上升,因此,计算了吸气温度为-90 ℃时,不同转速下的压缩机工作过程。图7示出在吸气温度为-90 ℃,转速为6 000 r/min工况条件下,数值模型计算的阴阳转子温度分布。阴转子的平均温度低于阳转子,转子径向温度分布均匀,温度沿Z轴正方向逐渐升高,符合预期。
取阴阳转子齿顶位置作两条参考线,如图8所示,其中,阳转子齿顶参考线标为Line1,阴转子齿顶参考线标为Line2。计算吸气温度为-90 ℃条件下不同转速下的转子温度,结果如图9所示。可以看出,相同条件下阳转子整体的温度明显高于阴转子。转速为4 000 r/min时,阳转子吸气端齿顶位置温度为-20.8 ℃,排气端为24.6 ℃;而阴转子吸气端为-29.5 ℃,排气端为11.5 ℃。随着转速增加,两转子整体温度均有所降低。
图10示出各工况下的阴阳转子的平均径向变形,可以看出,转速为4 000 r/min时,转子整体发生了收缩变形,最大收缩位置在靠近吸气侧50 mm处,变形量为0.046 mm,排气端的变形量为0.01 mm。随着转速的增加,转子整体的收缩变形略有增加。当转速增加至10 000 r/min时,最大变形量为0.050 mm。
图11示出吸气温度为-90 ℃工况时,不同转速下的p-V图和T-V图,从压力曲线上可以看出,随着转速的增加,排气阶段的最大压力从406.8 kPa增加到504.3 kPa,排气压力损失明显增加。而在压缩阶段,随着转速的增加,泄漏量逐渐减少,压力略有减小。从T-V图中可以看出,在吸气阶段和压缩阶段,由于泄漏量随着转速的增加而减少,工作腔内的温度随着转速的增加而降低;当转速从4 000 r/min增加到6 000 r/min时,排气阶段的波峰温度从58.7 ℃降低到56.1 ℃,当转速继续增加到10 000 r/min,波峰温度又增加到62.7 ℃,这是由于过压缩导致的温度升高。在排气阶段后期,工作腔内的温度是随着转速的增加而降低的,这与泄漏量的减小有关。
对于BOG压缩机来说,影响效率的主要因素是低温进气导致间隙增大,从而导致泄漏量增加,效率降低。图12示出各工况下的压缩机的容积效率和绝热效率。
从图12(a)中可以看出,在低温吸气条件下,当转速为4 000 r/min时,压缩机的容积效率只有55.1%;随着转速增加到10 000 r/min,容积效率增加至73.2%,增加了18.1个百分点,增速对容积效率的提升非常明显。当转速为4 000 r/min时,绝热效率只有50.4%;随着转速增加至8 000 r/min,绝热效率增加到62.2%,达到最大值;转速继续增加至10 000 r/min,其值又减小至61.2%。这是由于排气压力损失增大导致的功耗增加,从而降低了压缩机的绝热效率。
(1)低温吸气导致BOG螺杆压缩机的转子产生收缩变形,增大了泄漏间隙,从而减小了压缩机效率,当吸气温度为-90 ℃时,转子整体发生了收缩变形,最大收缩位置在靠近吸气侧50 mm处,变形量为0.046 mm,转速增加至10 000 r/min时,最大变形量增加到0.050 mm。
(2)当转速从4 000 r/min增加至10 000 r/min时,排气压力损失增加,排气阶段的最大压力峰值从406.8 kPa增加到504.3 kPa;而随着转速从4 000 r/min增加至6 000 r/min,由于泄漏量减少,温度峰值从58.7 ℃减小到56.1 ℃,当转速增加到10 000 r/min,由于压力峰值的增加,温度峰值也增加到62.7 ℃。
(3)增加转速能够明显提高BOG压缩机的容积效率,减小低温吸气对压缩机的不利影响。但转速超过8 000 r/min时,由于排气压力损失的增加,绝热效率反而略有下降。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.05.011
  • 接收时间:2025-10-15
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-05-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-15
  • 修回日期:2026-04-13
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    1西安交通大学,西安 710049
    2中国船舶集团有限公司第七一一研究所,上海 201108

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郭怡(1986),女,副教授,主要从事离子液体压缩机研究,通信地址:710049陕西省西安市咸宁西路28号西安交通大学压缩机研究所,E-mail:。
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Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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