Article(id=1320037826972987616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037738695475401, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.05.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760976000000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-21, revisedDate=1768320000000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792651143067, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1780070400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792651143067, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792651143067, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792651143067, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320037738695475401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2026', volume='54', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780070400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792651122020, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792656245721, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320059229113795207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037738695475401, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320059229113795208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037738695475401, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1, endPage=8, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320037827782488289, articleId=1320037826972987616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Study on friction reduction and temperature reduction performance of surface microstructures on drilling pump piston and cylinder liner, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the issue of seal failure in drilling pump piston‑cylinder liner sealing pairs caused by excessive friction resistance and severe temperature rise under high‑speed and high‑pressure operating conditions,surface microstructure specimens with varying diameters,depths,area ratios,and arrangements were designed and fabricated using nitrile rubber (NBR) pistons and high‑chromium cast iron cylinder liners.A sealing pair simulation test platform was established using a friction and wear tester to systematically investigate the influence of microstructure geometric parameters on the friction coefficient,surface temperature rise,and wear amount of the sealing pair.The friction reduction and temperature reduction mechanisms were revealed by analyzing the microscopic wear morphology.The results indicate that when the microstructure parameters are a diameter of 100 μm,a depth of 40 μm,and an area ratio of 4% to 5%,the comprehensive performance of the sealing pair is optimal.Compared with the non‑textured specimen,the average friction coefficient is reduced by approximately 50%,the surface temperature rise is reduced by 62.5%,and the piston wear amount is reduced by 40.7%.Under these parameters,the microstructure can achieve continuous lubrication and wear debris storage by forming a "micro‑oil reservoir",thereby reducing abrasive wear,dispersing contact stress,and avoiding local overheating,synergistically enhancing the friction reduction,temperature reduction,and wear resistance performance of the sealing pair.This study can provide a reference for the surface structure optimization of drilling pump piston‑cylinder liner sealing pairs.

, authors=Yuan SHI1, Lin HOU2, Wei JI2, Yunrui HUANG2, Siqiao CHEN2, authorsList=Yuan SHI, Lin HOU, Wei JI, Yunrui HUANG, Siqiao CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320037834858279169, articleId=1320037826972987616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=钻井泵活塞缸套表面微结构减阻降温性能研究, columnId=1317484286475883136, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决钻井泵活塞缸套密封副在高速、高压工况下因摩擦阻力过大、温升剧烈导致的密封失效问题,以丁腈橡胶(NBR)活塞与高铬铸铁缸套为对象,设计并制备了不同直径、深度、面积率及排布方式的表面微结构试样。借助摩擦磨损试验机搭建密封副模拟试验平台,系统探究了微结构几何参数对密封副摩擦系数、表面温升及磨损量的影响规律,并结合微观磨损形貌揭示其减阻降温机理。结果表明,当微结构参数为直径100 μm、深度40 μm、面积率4%~5%时,密封副综合性能最优,相较于无织构试样,其平均摩擦系数降低约50%,表面温升降低62.5%,活塞磨损量降低40.7%。该参数下的微结构可通过构建“微油池”实现持续润滑、存储磨屑,以减轻磨粒磨损、分散接触应力并避免局部过热,从而协同提升密封副减阻、降温与抗磨损性能。研究可为钻井泵活塞缸套密封副的表面结构优化提供参考。

, authors=史元1, 侯林2, 季威2, 黄云瑞2, 陈思桥2, authorsList=史元, 侯林, 季威, 黄云瑞, 陈思桥, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

史元(1981),男,工程师,主要从事钻完井设备技术研究,通信地址:065201河北省廊坊市三河市燕郊开发区行宫西大街81号海油燕郊基地,。

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=PgAO8pBHWchfEb9nW0PYYg==, magXml=4bfUDBNpyIr/lwNoEPfI7w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=QnaxoCZG7eW9+I9wXICeSg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=6pJkFHRXkQuKMgT9CVb8Uw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320037836586332426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037826972987616, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=shiyuan@cosl.com.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320037836942848268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037826972987616, authorId=1320037836586332426, language=EN, stringName=Yuan SHI, firstName=Yuan, middleName=null, lastName=SHI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1China Oilfield Services Limited,Langfang 065201,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320037838180167949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037826972987616, authorId=1320037836586332426, language=CN, stringName=史元, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1中海油田服务股份有限公司,河北 廊坊 065201, bio={"content":"

史元(1981),男,工程师,主要从事钻完井设备技术研究,通信地址:065201河北省廊坊市三河市燕郊开发区行宫西大街81号海油燕郊基地,。

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史元(1981),男,工程师,主要从事钻完井设备技术研究,通信地址:065201河北省廊坊市三河市燕郊开发区行宫西大街81号海油燕郊基地,。

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Chemical composition of high‑chromium cast iron

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牌号CMnSiNiCrMoCuPS
KmTBCr122.0~3.3≤2.0≤1.5≤2.511.0~14.0≤3.0≤1.2≤0.10≤0.06
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高铬铸铁的化学成分

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牌号CMnSiNiCrMoCuPS
KmTBCr122.0~3.3≤2.0≤1.5≤2.511.0~14.0≤3.0≤1.2≤0.10≤0.06
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Parameters of the ultraviolet picosecond laser

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主要性能参数数值
中心波长/nm355±0.2
最大输出功率/W15
脉冲宽度/ps<12
重复频率/kHz400~1 000
最大单脉冲能量/μJ37.5
光束质量M2≤1.2
工作温度范围/℃20~30
光斑椭圆度/%>85
发散角/mrad<0.2
调整范围/%0~100
功耗/W1 500
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紫外皮秒激光器参数

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主要性能参数数值
中心波长/nm355±0.2
最大输出功率/W15
脉冲宽度/ps<12
重复频率/kHz400~1 000
最大单脉冲能量/μJ37.5
光束质量M2≤1.2
工作温度范围/℃20~30
光斑椭圆度/%>85
发散角/mrad<0.2
调整范围/%0~100
功耗/W1 500
), ArticleFig(id=1320037847789318476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037826972987616, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Range of test texture parameters

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参数数值
单个织构直径/μm
凹坑平均深度/μm
50~500
10~100
面积率/%1~15
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试验织构参数范围

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参数数值
单个织构直径/μm
凹坑平均深度/μm
50~500
10~100
面积率/%1~15
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钻井泵活塞缸套表面微结构减阻降温性能研究
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史元 1 , 侯林 2 , 季威 2 , 黄云瑞 2 , 陈思桥 2
流体机械 | 试验研究 2026,54(5): 1-8
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流体机械 |试验研究 2026 , 54 (5) : 1 -8
钻井泵活塞缸套表面微结构减阻降温性能研究
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史元1 , 侯林2, 季威2, 黄云瑞2, 陈思桥2
作者信息
  • 1中海油田服务股份有限公司,河北 廊坊 065201
  • 2中海油田服务股份有限公司 油田化学研究院,天津 300459
作者简介:

史元(1981),男,工程师,主要从事钻完井设备技术研究,通信地址:065201河北省廊坊市三河市燕郊开发区行宫西大街81号海油燕郊基地,。

Study on friction reduction and temperature reduction performance of surface microstructures on drilling pump piston and cylinder liner
Yuan SHI1 , Lin HOU2, Wei JI2, Yunrui HUANG2, Siqiao CHEN2
Affiliations
  • 1China Oilfield Services Limited,Langfang 065201,China
  • 2Oilfield Chemicals Research Institute,China Oilfield Services Limited,Tianjin 300459,China
出版时间: 2026-05-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.05.001
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为解决钻井泵活塞缸套密封副在高速、高压工况下因摩擦阻力过大、温升剧烈导致的密封失效问题,以丁腈橡胶(NBR)活塞与高铬铸铁缸套为对象,设计并制备了不同直径、深度、面积率及排布方式的表面微结构试样。借助摩擦磨损试验机搭建密封副模拟试验平台,系统探究了微结构几何参数对密封副摩擦系数、表面温升及磨损量的影响规律,并结合微观磨损形貌揭示其减阻降温机理。结果表明,当微结构参数为直径100 μm、深度40 μm、面积率4%~5%时,密封副综合性能最优,相较于无织构试样,其平均摩擦系数降低约50%,表面温升降低62.5%,活塞磨损量降低40.7%。该参数下的微结构可通过构建“微油池”实现持续润滑、存储磨屑,以减轻磨粒磨损、分散接触应力并避免局部过热,从而协同提升密封副减阻、降温与抗磨损性能。研究可为钻井泵活塞缸套密封副的表面结构优化提供参考。

钻井泵  /  活塞  /  缸套  /  表面织构

To address the issue of seal failure in drilling pump piston‑cylinder liner sealing pairs caused by excessive friction resistance and severe temperature rise under high‑speed and high‑pressure operating conditions,surface microstructure specimens with varying diameters,depths,area ratios,and arrangements were designed and fabricated using nitrile rubber (NBR) pistons and high‑chromium cast iron cylinder liners.A sealing pair simulation test platform was established using a friction and wear tester to systematically investigate the influence of microstructure geometric parameters on the friction coefficient,surface temperature rise,and wear amount of the sealing pair.The friction reduction and temperature reduction mechanisms were revealed by analyzing the microscopic wear morphology.The results indicate that when the microstructure parameters are a diameter of 100 μm,a depth of 40 μm,and an area ratio of 4% to 5%,the comprehensive performance of the sealing pair is optimal.Compared with the non‑textured specimen,the average friction coefficient is reduced by approximately 50%,the surface temperature rise is reduced by 62.5%,and the piston wear amount is reduced by 40.7%.Under these parameters,the microstructure can achieve continuous lubrication and wear debris storage by forming a "micro‑oil reservoir",thereby reducing abrasive wear,dispersing contact stress,and avoiding local overheating,synergistically enhancing the friction reduction,temperature reduction,and wear resistance performance of the sealing pair.This study can provide a reference for the surface structure optimization of drilling pump piston‑cylinder liner sealing pairs.

drilling pump  /  piston  /  cylinder liner  /  surface texture
史元, 侯林, 季威, 黄云瑞, 陈思桥. 钻井泵活塞缸套表面微结构减阻降温性能研究. 流体机械, 2026 , 54 (5) : 1 -8 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.05.001
Yuan SHI, Lin HOU, Wei JI, Yunrui HUANG, Siqiao CHEN. Study on friction reduction and temperature reduction performance of surface microstructures on drilling pump piston and cylinder liner[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2026 , 54 (5) : 1 -8 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.05.001
钻井泥浆泵作为石油钻井、矿山开采等工程领域的核心设备,其密封系统的可靠性直接决定钻井作业的效率与安全性[1]。活塞缸套密封副是钻井泵往复运动密封的关键部件,主要由弹性橡胶活塞与金属缸套组成,需长期在高压工况下运行。实际作业中,活塞密封副常因摩擦界面润滑不足、热积累剧烈导致密封失效[2],据统计,泥浆泵发生的故障有80%是由活塞缸套摩擦副磨损引起的[1],因此,过大的摩擦阻力与过高的温升是限制密封副使用寿命的关键制约因素[3]。
丁腈橡胶(NBR)因具有良好的耐油性与弹性,成为钻井泵活塞皮碗的常用材料。缸套表面较高的光滑度虽能降低初始摩擦,但无法解决长期运行中的润滑缺失与热聚集问题。活塞与缸套的磨损机制以黏着磨损与磨粒磨损为主,摩擦热会加速橡胶的热氧老化,进一步恶化密封性能。目前,钻井泵密封技术的改进多集中于材料改性或结构优化,但针对摩擦界面的主动减阻降温设计仍缺乏系统研究。
表面微结构技术是近年来减阻领域的研究热点,其通过在界面构建微米级几何形貌,可实现动压润滑效应、热交换增强等功能[4-8],已在水下航行器、机械密封等领域验证了减阻效果[9-10]。在油气泵领域,也有学者进行织构化研究,证明该技术在钻井泵领域应用的潜力[11]。一些研究表明,凹沟槽结构的微造型可提高缸套内表面的耐磨性能[12-13]。对角度等参数进行分析,表面润滑补给与磨粒存储显著改善摩擦磨损性能,并降低摩擦副平均温度[14-16]。一些研究人员在泵相关领域摩擦副研究中发现,带微孔阵列的表面比光滑表面具有更好的润滑性能[17-21]。
大量研究证实,表面织构是一种具备广阔应用前景的减阻耐磨技术。有效几何参数是影响织构减磨效果的重要因素,且最优参数区间随基体材料、服役工况的改变存在显著差异。为此,本文以NBR活塞与高铬铸铁缸套为研究对象,设计并制备多参数表面微结构试样,通过模拟试验,系统分析微结构对密封副摩擦系数与温升的影响规律,并揭示其减阻降温机理。研究成果可为钻井泵活塞缸套密封副的表面结构优化提供理论依据,对延长密封寿命、降低钻井作业成本具有实际意义。
钻井泥浆泵主要包括动力传动系统、液力端总成、密封防护装置及辅助支撑部件。核心组成部件如图1所示,主要有曲轴、活塞、拉杆、缸套等。
在泥浆泵的运行阶段,缸套密封部件的关键工作参数涵盖活塞往复移动的速率(即冲次)与作业压力。活塞的往复运动情况如图2所示,电机驱动曲轴OA持续进行旋转,再借助连杆AB的传动作用,带动活塞B完成往复直线运动。其中,B点的两个极端位置B'与B'',分别对应活塞的前死点(也就是推程的起始位置)和后死点。
将缸套的曲面展开,并进行织构凹坑分布,布置方式如图3所示。选取圆形截面的织构为研究对象,以织构直径、面积率、深度、排布方式作为主要研究参数,开展试验。
模拟缸套与活塞的相对往复运动,对比了机械加工、激光刻蚀技术、化学刻蚀技术、光刻蚀技术及电化学加工技术的优缺点[22],综合加工效率与加工质量指标,选用皮秒激光加工技术,完成缸套试样表面的微织构制备。
活塞试样与织构化活塞的接触运动形式如图4所示。活塞试样的丁腈橡胶由十字金属支架作为骨架支撑,试验时,由骨架与试验机夹具承担传导分布载荷,维持丁腈橡胶形状结构的作用。电机驱动活塞试样在加工布置了表面织构的缸套试样上往复运动。试验试样的材料为高铬铸铁,硬度为56~58HRC,成分参数见表1。为保障加工质量,采用紫外皮秒激光器搭建的激光加工平台进行织构激光加工,参数见表2。
以加工凹坑的边缘平整度与加工几何参数稳定性为指标,经优选,综合考虑加工表面质量与速度,激光工艺参数采用120°交叉弓形填充的走刀路径,线间距为0.002 mm,功率为4 W,频率为300 kHz,速度为4 000 mm/s,单个激光加工凹坑如图5所示。
图6示出凹坑深度与走刀次数的关系。可以发现,凹坑深度在试验测试范围内基本呈正比关系,因此,通过控制激光走刀次数调节凹坑深度,形成不同深度梯度的织构试件,具体加工参数范围见表3。
摩擦学性能测试采用布鲁克UMT多功能摩擦磨损试验机搭载高速往复运动模块完成,如图7所示。该测试系统可模拟钻井泵缸套在实际工况中的直线往复运动形式。
试验过程中,通过调节试验机的往复频率、行程长度及载荷参数,模拟缸套与活塞密封副之间的动态接触状态,其运动轨迹与实际工作时的直线往复特征相似,能够真实反映密封副在相对滑动过程中的摩擦学行为,为减阻降温性能分析提供可靠的试验数据支撑。
试验开始前,先对织构化缸套试样的表面进行清洗处理,同时去除试样表面存在的毛刺,确保试样表面状态符合试验要求,避免杂质或毛刺对试验数据产生干扰。
多数泵运行冲次为60~150 冲/min,核心区间为80~130 冲/min,上限可达160~180 冲/min;为覆盖设备运行上限,设定运动频率为3 Hz(180 冲/min)。受单元试验条件限制,冲程无法与实际泵一致,故采用试验平台最大运动振幅2.5 cm。工程实际中,泥浆泵活塞通过橡胶或聚氨酯唇封与缸套过盈配合实现高压密封,其初始接触压力设计范围为0.1~0.8 MPa。选取0.4 MPa作为接触压力,处于该区间中值偏上,可代表中等偏严苛的稳定工况,兼顾密封有效性与避免异常磨损,是模拟实际工作状态的合理选择。试验过程中,设定工况参数如下:载荷400 N(接触压力0.4 MPa),运动振幅2.5 cm,运动频率3 Hz,单次试验总运行时间为1 h。向试验装置内加入润滑油长城德威L-CKD150与钻井液混合液,比例为9∶1,用量需淹没织构化缸套试样表面3 mm,以保证试样与钻井液充分接触,模拟实际密封轻微泄漏工况下的润滑环境。
在数据采集与处理环节,试验启动后,持续记录摩擦系数变化,待运行进入稳定状态后,取稳定阶段的摩擦系数均值用于不同条件下的对比分析;同时分别记录缸套与密封件接触表面的起始温度,以及试验稳定运行后的表面温度,将稳定后的温度数值与起始温度数值作差,所得差值即为该工况下接触表面的温升数据。此外,试验前后分别对织构化缸套试样进行精准称重,通过两次称重结果计算质量损失,以评估试样在试验过程中的磨损程度。
在织构直径从无织构至500 μm的过程中,平均摩擦系数与温升的变化趋势整体一致,直径≤100 μm时,均快速下降,直径>100 μm时,逐渐回升,且随着直径继续增大,当直径达到500 μm时,摩擦系数与温升大幅攀升,显著高于小直径区间的数值,并且超过无织构试样数据。
直径尺寸对织构减磨效果影响极大[19]。如图8所示,直径过大或过小均不利于润滑效果的发挥。大直径织构可能破坏了“微油池”的润滑效果,凹坑的边缘效应加剧了应力集中,增加犁沟效应反而加剧了摩擦生热,小直径产生的动压润滑效果不明显,存储的润滑介质有限,容纳的磨屑空间小,因此不足以明显改善润滑条件。
图9示出织构直径对磨损量的影响,可以看出,织构直径对活塞与缸套的磨损量影响差异明显。活塞磨损量随织构直径增大呈持续上升趋势;而缸套磨损量始终维持在较低水平,仅随织构直径的增大略有波动,这可能是由于摩擦副硬度差距过大,织构直径变化对活塞摩擦副的影响,在较软的活塞橡胶试样上体现得更加显著。对比图9与图8的摩擦、温升数据可发现,织构直径为100 μm左右时,不仅摩擦系数和温升处于最优区间,缸套磨损量也相对较低,说明该参数下织构同时实现了“减阻降温”与“低磨损”的平衡;而大直径织构虽未明显增加缸套磨损,但活塞磨损量激增,结合此前大直径下摩擦、温升恶化的结果,进一步印证大直径织构会加剧活塞的摩擦损伤,实际应用中需避免采用过大的织构直径的参数方案。
图10示出在织构面积率5%、均匀分布、织构直径100 μm的试验条件下摩擦系数与温升的对比情况。
从图中可以看出,从无织构至织构深度为40 μm时,平均摩擦系数有显著下降;当深度超过40 μm后,摩擦系数仅有小幅波动,温升较低。这一趋势的核心机理在于,无织构表面的润滑依赖钻井液的动态附着,易因摩擦界面油膜破裂导致高摩擦生热;深度40 μm时,织构形成的“微油池”可有效留存钻井液,持续为摩擦界面提供润滑介质,同时织构间隙的排屑作用减少了磨粒介入,进而降低摩擦系数与温升;而深度超过40 μm后,织构容积的增量对润滑膜连续性的强化作用趋于饱和,因此,摩擦与温升的优化效果进入平台期。
图11示出织构深度对磨损量的影响。在相同试验参数下,磨损规律与图10的摩擦、温升数据高度相似。40 μm深度下的低摩擦系数有效减少了黏着磨损,同时合理的织构深度避免了界面应力集中导致的磨粒磨损,实现了摩擦、温升与磨损的综合优化;而更深的织构虽因边缘应力集中小幅增加活塞磨损,但整体磨损水平仍远优于无织构状态,进一步验证了深度40 μm是该织构参数组合下,兼顾减阻、降温与抗磨损性能的最优选择。
在织构直径100 μm、深度40 μm、均匀分布的试验条件下,得出摩擦系数与温升曲线,如图12所示。
织构面积率从0%增至5%时,平均摩擦系数从0.10降至0.05,温升从10 ℃左右降至5 ℃;当面积率超过5%后,两者均呈显著回升趋势,面积率为10%时,摩擦系数接近0.13,温升提高到22 ℃。面积率为5%时,织构“微油池”的分布密度与容积匹配度最优,既能持续留存润滑介质、减少界面黏着,又能通过合理的织构占比降低边缘应力集中效应,从而协同优化摩擦与温升;而面积率高于5%时,织构过度占据活塞表面,导致实际接触区域应力集中,同时微油池间的连续润滑膜易被破坏,反而加剧摩擦与热量积聚。
图13示出面积率对磨损量的影响。可以看出,相同试验参数下,磨损规律与图12的摩擦、温升数据高度耦合。面积率为4%~5%时,低摩擦状态有效降低摩擦阻力,可能是抑制了温度上升,捕获磨损颗粒,降低黏着与磨粒磨损,实现了缸套与活塞磨损的最小化;面积率过高时,接触区域的应力集中效应加剧了活塞表面的局部磨损,而缸套磨损的稳定性则表明织构对密封副中硬质部件的磨损影响较弱。综合来看,面积率4%~5%是该参数组合下的最优选择,可同时实现摩擦、温升与磨损性能的协同优化。
使用三维轮廓仪与金相显微镜分析磨损后的微观形貌,结果如图14所示。
从图中可看出,在橡胶活塞表面存在分散的线状凸起与部分凹坑,运动方向存在硬质颗粒造成的沟壑状刮伤;而与织构化缸套配副的活塞表面更为平整光滑。因此,可以得出织构的存在可有效抑制犁沟及长划痕的形成。
(1)在试验工况范围内,织构参数的最优组合为直径100 μm、深度40 μm、面积率4%~5%。在此参数下,平均摩擦系数降低约50%,温升降低62.5%,活塞磨损量降低40.7%,成功实现了减阻、降温与抗磨损性能的协同优化。
(2)织构参数对密封副性能的影响呈现非线性规律,织构深度增加对润滑效果的提升作用较为有限;而缸套表面织构的直径与面积率过大时,虽会减小有效接触面积,但易引发局部接触应力集中,同时加剧对活塞的切削磨损。综合减磨降温效果与实际加工效率,在缸套表面布设织构时,应避免选用过深、大直径及大面积率的参数组合。
(3)密封副不同部件的磨损特性存在显著差异,织构参数对活塞磨损量的调控作用较为明显,这表明织构主要通过优化活塞侧的润滑状态与接触界面特性来改善密封副整体性能,犁沟效应对较软的活塞磨损影响相对较强。
(4)文中仅针对磨损初期轻微泄漏工况进行研究,后续将开展更长周期内织构化密封副在润滑不足、边界润滑及干摩擦工况下的摩擦学性能测试,探究织构在劣化工况下的耐久性与失效机制。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.05.001
  • 接收时间:2025-10-21
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-05-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-21
  • 修回日期:2026-01-14
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    1中海油田服务股份有限公司,河北 廊坊 065201
    2中海油田服务股份有限公司 油田化学研究院,天津 300459
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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