Article(id=1320037741434360525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037688510628614, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.04.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1766592000000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-25, revisedDate=1774022400000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792651122673, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1777478400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792651122673, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792651122673, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792651122673, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320037688510628614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2026', volume='54', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777478400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792651110055, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792656236652, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320059191075656665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037688510628614, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320059191075656666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037688510628614, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=11, endPage=18, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320037741585355470, articleId=1320037741434360525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Experimental study on the separation performance of volute entrance hydrocyclone, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To enhance the separation performance of a hydrocyclone for coal slurry classification,this paper proposes a volute‑type inlet structure,aiming to strengthen particle prealignment during the entry process.A downward structure is designed to reduce inlet turbulence,with both features working together to improve the separation accuracy of the hydrocyclone.This paper employs laboratory experiments to investigate the influence of volute structure parameters on the separation performance.The results indicate that as the volute angle increases,the treatment capacity of the hydrocyclone is enhanced with higher yield and concentration of overflow.The highest separation efficiency is achieved at a volute angle of 180°,where the classification efficiency reaches 88.80% for particles smaller than 15 μm.The separation performance of the hydrocyclone tends to increase at first and then decrease with increasing downward depth,showing the optimal separation effect at a downward depth of 47.5 mm.Industrial verification demonstrates that,compared to the involute inlet hydrocyclone,the volute entrance hydrocyclone exhibit a significant improvement to the particle mismatch in the separation products.The research can provide references for the optimal design and application promotion of the volute entrance hydrocyclone.

, authors=Qingfu MAO1, Liangliang XIA1, Fengqi ZANG1, Xinguo GENG1, Yang ZHANG1, Xunxun GU1, Peikun LIU2, Lanyue JIANG2, Ying SONG2, authorsList=Qingfu MAO, Liangliang XIA, Fengqi ZANG, Xinguo GENG, Yang ZHANG, Xunxun GU, Peikun LIU, Lanyue JIANG, Ying SONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lanyue JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320037745431532261, articleId=1320037741434360525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=蜗壳式旋流器分离性能试验研究, columnId=1317484286475883136, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为提高煤泥分级旋流器的分离性能,提出一种蜗壳式入口旋流器,通过设计蜗壳结构强化颗粒在旋流器入口过程的预排列,设计下倾结构降低入口紊流,以提高旋流器分离精度。同时,采用实验室试验探究了蜗壳结构参数对分离性能的影响规律。结果表明,随蜗壳包角增大旋流器处理能力提高,溢流产率及浓度增加,蜗壳包角为180°时分离精度最高,粒径<15 μm颗粒分级量效率达到88.80%;随下倾高度增大,旋流器分离性能呈现先升高后降低的趋势,下倾高度为47.5 mm时颗粒分离效果最佳。经工业验证,相比渐开线入口旋流器,蜗壳式旋流器底流夹细和溢流跑粗现象得到改善。研究可为蜗壳式旋流器的优化设计及应用推广提供参考。

, authors=毛庆福1, 夏亮亮1, 臧凤启1, 耿新国1, 张洋1, 顾巡巡1, 刘培坤2, 姜兰越2, 宋颖2, authorsList=毛庆福, 夏亮亮, 臧凤启, 耿新国, 张洋, 顾巡巡, 刘培坤, 姜兰越, 宋颖, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=姜兰越, authorNote=

毛庆福(1983),男,高级工程师,主要从事煤矿安全生产技术经营等方面的研究工作,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=
姜兰越(1990),男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事高精度固液分离理论与装备的开发研究工作,通信地址:266590山东省青岛市黄岛区前湾港路579号山东科技大学机械电子工程学院,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=hSmaT7Q2BghgTxkmYLlKZw==, magXml=KaJsNs+C1UR/Dd0dCkmHSA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=l2krOKy7Af58bQL0L/WOWQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=VA2hU67QBj3nh0Vf8s4hMQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320037745825796845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037741434360525, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=609116369@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320037745901294319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037741434360525, authorId=1320037745825796845, language=EN, stringName=Qingfu MAO, firstName=Qingfu, middleName=null, lastName=MAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Wenshang Yiqiao Coal Mine Co.,Ltd.,Jining 272500,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320037745968403184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037741434360525, authorId=1320037745825796845, language=CN, stringName=毛庆福, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1汶上义桥煤矿有限责任公司,山东 济宁 272500, bio={"content":"

毛庆福(1983),男,高级工程师,主要从事煤矿安全生产技术经营等方面的研究工作,E-mail:。

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毛庆福(1983),男,高级工程师,主要从事煤矿安全生产技术经营等方面的研究工作,E-mail:。

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(a)90°  (b)135°  (c)180°  (d)225°  (e)270°

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(a)32.5 mm  (b)40.0 mm  (c)47.5 mm  (d)55.0 mm  (e)62.5 mm

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Structure parameters of hydrocyclone

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参数数值参数数值
筒体直径/mm75柱段高度/mm75
进料口尺寸/(mm×mm)15×25锥段高度/mm186
溢流口直径/mm25溢流管插入深度/mm50
底流口直径/mm12.5锥角θ/(°)20
), ArticleFig(id=1320037751873983288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037741434360525, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

旋流器结构参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值参数数值
筒体直径/mm75柱段高度/mm75
进料口尺寸/(mm×mm)15×25锥段高度/mm186
溢流口直径/mm25溢流管插入深度/mm50
底流口直径/mm12.5锥角θ/(°)20
), ArticleFig(id=1320037751957869369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037741434360525, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Particle size distribution of quartz sand

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粒径/μm区间含量/%累积含量/%粒径/μm区间含量/%累积含量/%
(0.5,1]0.090.09(37,44]8.4156.30
(1,2]1.681.77(44,53]9.8366.13
(2,5]5.427.19(53,63]9.1975.32
(5,10]7.8015.00(63,74]7.9183.23
(10,15]6.4421.44(74,88]7.0890.31
(15,20]5.8527.29(88,104]4.9095.21
(20,25]5.8733.16(104,124]3.2698.46
(25,33]9.8042.95(124,147]1.4099.86
(33,37]4.9447.89(147,175]0.14100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1320037752024978234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037741434360525, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

石英砂粒度分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒径/μm区间含量/%累积含量/%粒径/μm区间含量/%累积含量/%
(0.5,1]0.090.09(37,44]8.4156.30
(1,2]1.681.77(44,53]9.8366.13
(2,5]5.427.19(53,63]9.1975.32
(5,10]7.8015.00(63,74]7.9183.23
(10,15]6.4421.44(74,88]7.0890.31
(15,20]5.8527.29(88,104]4.9095.21
(20,25]5.8733.16(104,124]3.2698.46
(25,33]9.8042.95(124,147]1.4099.86
(33,37]4.9447.89(147,175]0.14100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1320037752104670011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037741434360525, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Effect of nose angle of volute on separation accuracy and classification performance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蜗壳包角/(°)分离粒度d50/μm陡度指数S可能偏差E粒径<15 μm颗粒分级效率/%
质效率量效率
9014.680.505.2677.5887.19
13514.570.505.2078.4287.62
18014.460.534.6778.7588.80
22515.150.485.6575.5187.71
27015.280.475.7674.7686.56
), ArticleFig(id=1320037752175973180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037741434360525, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

蜗壳包角对分离精度和分级性能的影响结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蜗壳包角/(°)分离粒度d50/μm陡度指数S可能偏差E粒径<15 μm颗粒分级效率/%
质效率量效率
9014.680.505.2677.5887.19
13514.570.505.2078.4287.62
18014.460.534.6778.7588.80
22515.150.485.6575.5187.71
27015.280.475.7674.7686.56
), ArticleFig(id=1320037752238887741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037741434360525, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Effect of downward depth on separation accuracy and classification performance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蜗壳下倾高度/mm分离粒度d50/μm陡度指数S可能偏差E粒径<15 μm颗粒分级效率/%
质效率量效率
32.514.770.485.0676.2383.84
40.014.550.505.0477.3886.60
47.514.460.534.6778.7588.80
55.014.510.485.2275.7586.52
62.514.620.475.3075.2286.27
), ArticleFig(id=1320037753924997950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037741434360525, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

蜗壳下倾高度对分离精度和分级性能的影响结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蜗壳下倾高度/mm分离粒度d50/μm陡度指数S可能偏差E粒径<15 μm颗粒分级效率/%
质效率量效率
32.514.770.485.0676.2383.84
40.014.550.505.0477.3886.60
47.514.460.534.6778.7588.80
55.014.510.485.2275.7586.52
62.514.620.475.3075.2286.27
), ArticleFig(id=1320037754025661247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037741434360525, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Overflow particle size comparison

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒径/μm渐开线入口旋流器蜗壳式入口旋流器
产率/%累计产率/%灰分/%累计灰分/%产率/%累计产率/%灰分/%累计灰分/%
>85000000000
(550,850]00000000
(250,550]0.470.473.913.910.950.955.315.31
(125,250]6.737.213.313.357.608.554.975.01
(74,125]10.8618.067.535.866.9715.527.756.24
(45,74]12.6430.7010.687.8516.4031.9111.228.80
≤4569.30100.0038.0728.7968.09100.0035.0126.65
), ArticleFig(id=1320037754361205568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037741434360525, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

溢流粒度对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒径/μm渐开线入口旋流器蜗壳式入口旋流器
产率/%累计产率/%灰分/%累计灰分/%产率/%累计产率/%灰分/%累计灰分/%
>85000000000
(550,850]00000000
(250,550]0.470.473.913.910.950.955.315.31
(125,250]6.737.213.313.357.608.554.975.01
(74,125]10.8618.067.535.866.9715.527.756.24
(45,74]12.6430.7010.687.8516.4031.9111.228.80
≤4569.30100.0038.0728.7968.09100.0035.0126.65
), ArticleFig(id=1320037754797413186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037741434360525, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Underflow particle size comparison

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒径/μm渐开线入口旋流器蜗壳式入口旋流器
产率/%累计产率/%灰分/%累计灰分/%产率/%累计产率/%灰分/%累计灰分/%
>8509.059.05008.238.2300
(550,850]18.2427.280019.3727.6000
(250,550]32.7660.0517.2317.2336.6564.2521.7121.71
(125,250]19.1279.1617.7617.5818.7082.9521.8321.80
(74,125]6.8085.9716.7117.106.5989.5423.0322.50
(45,74]5.0391.0021.1517.155.0094.5437.4224.53
≤459.00100.0049.3819.705.46100.0057.9126.99
), ArticleFig(id=1320037754906465091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037741434360525, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

底流粒度对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒径/μm渐开线入口旋流器蜗壳式入口旋流器
产率/%累计产率/%灰分/%累计灰分/%产率/%累计产率/%灰分/%累计灰分/%
>8509.059.05008.238.2300
(550,850]18.2427.280019.3727.6000
(250,550]32.7660.0517.2317.2336.6564.2521.7121.71
(125,250]19.1279.1617.7617.5818.7082.9521.8321.80
(74,125]6.8085.9716.7117.106.5989.5423.0322.50
(45,74]5.0391.0021.1517.155.0094.5437.4224.53
≤459.00100.0049.3819.705.46100.0057.9126.99
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蜗壳式旋流器分离性能试验研究
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毛庆福 1 , 夏亮亮 1 , 臧凤启 1 , 耿新国 1 , 张洋 1 , 顾巡巡 1 , 刘培坤 2 , 姜兰越 2 , 宋颖 2
流体机械 | 试验研究 2026,54(4): 11-18
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流体机械 |试验研究 2026 , 54 (4) : 11 -18
蜗壳式旋流器分离性能试验研究
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毛庆福(1983),男,高级工程师,主要从事煤矿安全生产技术经营等方面的研究工作,E-mail:。

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毛庆福1 , 夏亮亮1, 臧凤启1, 耿新国1, 张洋1, 顾巡巡1, 刘培坤2, 姜兰越2 , 宋颖2
作者信息
  • 1汶上义桥煤矿有限责任公司,山东 济宁 272500
  • 2山东科技大学 机械电子工程学院,山东 青岛 266590
通讯作者:
姜兰越(1990),男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事高精度固液分离理论与装备的开发研究工作,通信地址:266590山东省青岛市黄岛区前湾港路579号山东科技大学机械电子工程学院,E-mail:。
作者简介:

毛庆福(1983),男,高级工程师,主要从事煤矿安全生产技术经营等方面的研究工作,E-mail:。

Experimental study on the separation performance of volute entrance hydrocyclone
Qingfu MAO1 , Liangliang XIA1, Fengqi ZANG1, Xinguo GENG1, Yang ZHANG1, Xunxun GU1, Peikun LIU2, Lanyue JIANG2 , Ying SONG2
Affiliations
  • 1Wenshang Yiqiao Coal Mine Co.,Ltd.,Jining 272500,China
  • 2College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China
出版时间: 2026-04-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.04.002
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为提高煤泥分级旋流器的分离性能,提出一种蜗壳式入口旋流器,通过设计蜗壳结构强化颗粒在旋流器入口过程的预排列,设计下倾结构降低入口紊流,以提高旋流器分离精度。同时,采用实验室试验探究了蜗壳结构参数对分离性能的影响规律。结果表明,随蜗壳包角增大旋流器处理能力提高,溢流产率及浓度增加,蜗壳包角为180°时分离精度最高,粒径<15 μm颗粒分级量效率达到88.80%;随下倾高度增大,旋流器分离性能呈现先升高后降低的趋势,下倾高度为47.5 mm时颗粒分离效果最佳。经工业验证,相比渐开线入口旋流器,蜗壳式旋流器底流夹细和溢流跑粗现象得到改善。研究可为蜗壳式旋流器的优化设计及应用推广提供参考。

蜗壳式旋流器  /  下倾高度  /  分离性能  /  溢流产率

To enhance the separation performance of a hydrocyclone for coal slurry classification,this paper proposes a volute‑type inlet structure,aiming to strengthen particle prealignment during the entry process.A downward structure is designed to reduce inlet turbulence,with both features working together to improve the separation accuracy of the hydrocyclone.This paper employs laboratory experiments to investigate the influence of volute structure parameters on the separation performance.The results indicate that as the volute angle increases,the treatment capacity of the hydrocyclone is enhanced with higher yield and concentration of overflow.The highest separation efficiency is achieved at a volute angle of 180°,where the classification efficiency reaches 88.80% for particles smaller than 15 μm.The separation performance of the hydrocyclone tends to increase at first and then decrease with increasing downward depth,showing the optimal separation effect at a downward depth of 47.5 mm.Industrial verification demonstrates that,compared to the involute inlet hydrocyclone,the volute entrance hydrocyclone exhibit a significant improvement to the particle mismatch in the separation products.The research can provide references for the optimal design and application promotion of the volute entrance hydrocyclone.

volute entrance hydrocyclone  /  downward depth  /  separation performance  /  concentration of overflow
毛庆福, 夏亮亮, 臧凤启, 耿新国, 张洋, 顾巡巡, 刘培坤, 姜兰越, 宋颖. 蜗壳式旋流器分离性能试验研究. 流体机械, 2026 , 54 (4) : 11 -18 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.04.002
Qingfu MAO, Liangliang XIA, Fengqi ZANG, Xinguo GENG, Yang ZHANG, Xunxun GU, Peikun LIU, Lanyue JIANG, Ying SONG. Experimental study on the separation performance of volute entrance hydrocyclone[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2026 , 54 (4) : 11 -18 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.04.002
我国能源结构长期以煤炭为主体,在保障能源安全供给和支撑国民经济持续发展方面发挥着不可替代的战略作用[1-3]。煤炭洗选是煤炭资源开发利用的重要环节,不仅关乎产品价值的提升,更是实现企业效益最大化的核心环节。近年来,随着对煤炭品质和提质增效要求的不断提高,选煤厂对煤泥分级回收工艺的优化愈发得到重视,而旋流器分级效率的提高更是其中的重点[4-5]。当前洗煤厂由于煤质工况波动、现场清洁指标提高等问题造成煤泥水量增加,旋流器的工作负荷增大,分离效率降低,分离过程中“溢流跑粗”和“底流夹细”现象加剧,影响后续粗煤泥的整体回收效率,降低企业的经济效益[6-8]。
为提高旋流器的分离性能,国内外众多学者从结构创新、操作参数优化等多方面进行了研究[9-11]。FAN等[12]针对切向式进料旋流器,探索了切入截面倾角对分离性能的影响,发现随着切入倾角增大,分离效率先增加后减小,在倾角为30°时达到最大。HWANG等[13-14]提出与弧形溢流管具有相似作用的锥形溢流管,将溢流管外壁改成渐扩锥形,提高了旋流器分级效率,减少溢流中粗颗粒含量。FU等[15]研究了渐开线的旋数对渐开线入口旋流器分离性能的影响,发现与切向进料体相比,渐开线进料可以提高水力旋流器的分离效率。上述研究结果在一定程度上减少了旋流器“溢流跑粗”或“底流夹细”现象,但旋流器分级精度仍然有待提高。
进料体作为旋流器物料的进入通道,合理的结构设计对提高分离精度和降低能耗具有重要意义,因此,进料体结构一直是众多研究者关注的重点[16-18]。张彩娥等[19]研究了入口渐变截面夹角对分离性能的影响,发现随着夹角增大,分离效率提高。刘丽丽[20]提出了一种倾斜入口旋流器,发现增大入口的倾斜角度,旋流器的分离效率先增大后减小。梁志涛等[21]提出了一种渐开线组合涡状线的复合曲线式进料体旋流器,其内部流场更加稳定,颗粒运动更加平稳。李峰等[22]提出了一种带涡状线进料体结构的旋流器,研究发现,涡状线进料体比常规进料体具有更小的切割尺寸和更高的分离精度。JI等[23]研究表明,螺旋进料设计有助于降低分离能耗,实现对来料颗粒的导流和预分级,提高旋流分离精度。LI等[24]通过对比切向、圆弧和螺旋线进料体旋流器的分离性能,发现曲线型入口可有效减少涡流产生,促进粗颗粒向壁面运动,显著提高了底流对粗颗粒的回收效率。
由以上研究结果可知,合理的进料体结构可以降低压力损失,减少紊流,提高分离效率[25-27]。因此,本文提出一种蜗壳式入口旋流器,通过优化设计蜗壳结构,强化颗粒在旋流器入口过程的预排列,设计下倾结构降低入口紊流,从而提高旋流器分离精度。同时,为深入研究蜗壳式入口旋流器的分离特性,采用试验测试的方法,探究蜗壳结构对其分离性能的影响规律。研究可为蜗壳式入口旋流器的应用推广提供参考,对旋流器设备的优化设计具有重要的理论指导及工程实践意义。
进料体作为旋流器进料通道,其结构形状和配置参数会对分离效率、压降和流场稳定性产生显著影响。文中通过生成基于象限点的蜗壳下倾复合曲线,深入剖析进料体内流场特性与颗粒运动规律,以期降低旋流器能耗,提升分离精度。为寻求复合曲线的最佳组合形式,设定以进料体内水头损失为优化目标,构建恰当的约束条件与边界方程,进而对相关参数进行寻优分析。
基于象限点生成的蜗壳入口结构如图1所示。C1,C2两条曲线是建立在以进料长管外侧为原点的直角坐标系内。
C1曲线方程:
(x-a-R+t1)2+(y+t2)2=(R+t1+t2)2
C2曲线方程:
(x-a-R+t1)2+y2=(R+t1)2
式中,a为进料体宽度,mm;R为旋流器柱段半径,mm;t1,t2为象限点到轴线的距离,mm。
t1,t2的关系表达式:
t1=2aR+a2-2Rt22t2+4R+2a
tanβ=t1t2
式中,β为t1,t2正切夹角,(°)。
联立上述公式,通过寻求最优正切夹角β得到最优结果尺寸t1,t2,从而确定蜗壳型线。蜗壳型线两端与竖直进料管和柱段相切连接,进料体整段不存在拐点,以此确保颗粒在一定流速下可以平稳流入旋流器柱段,减少颗粒与壁面的摩擦和碰撞,维持系统平稳运行。
为进一步探究蜗壳式入口旋流器的分离性能,采用3D打印技术制作了⌀75 mm旋流器,其结构参数见表1。试验选用物料为石英砂和清水,石英砂密度2 650 kg/m3,中位粒径为38.7 μm,石英砂粒度分布如表2所示。
将物料混合配置成质量浓度为10%的矿浆加入料筒中,开启搅拌器使料筒内的矿浆充分混合,同时矿浆经离心泵作用将料浆输送到旋流器进料口,进料压力可以通过变频器进行调节,通过压力表进行检测。为了保证试验台的循环运行和进料浓度的稳定,料浆进入旋流器进行分离后,直接从溢流口和底流口排出回到料筒中。待试验系统运行稳定后,对旋流器的进料、溢流和底流同时进行取样,为减小误差,每种工况下取3次样。试验系统如图2所示。
蜗壳的包角直接决定了颗粒在进料体内预分级的有效长度及颗粒层的形成时间,蜗壳的下倾高度决定了旋流器在蜗壳进料体内的预分级效果。在本次研究中,探究了5种不同蜗壳包角结构(90°,135°,180°,225°,270°)和5种不同下倾高度结构(32.5,40.0,47.5,55.0,62.5 mm)对旋流器分离性能的影响,如图3、图4所示。为控制变量、保证试验精度,进行下倾高度探究试验时,蜗壳包角选择180°;进行蜗壳包角探究试验时,下倾高度选择47.5 mm。
图5示出蜗壳包角对旋流器处理量和溢流产率的影响。随着蜗壳包角的增大,处理量和溢流产率均增大,处理量由5.78 m3/h增加到6.99 m3/h,增加了20.93%;溢流产率由23.17%增加到28.70%,增加了23.86%。这说明随着蜗壳包角的增加,进料体内蜗壳下倾的通道与柱段连接越平滑,有助于细颗粒的规律性聚集,提高旋流器的溢流产率和处理量。
图6示出蜗壳包角对旋流器溢流浓度和底流浓度的影响。
随着蜗壳包角增大,旋流器的溢流浓度逐渐增大,从2.95%提高到3.08%,当蜗壳包角超过180°后,溢流浓度增长幅度减小;旋流器的底流浓度随蜗壳包角的增大逐渐减小,从67.13%降低到65.52%,降低了2.40%。这说明蜗壳包角增大,同样有利于弱化湍流干扰,提高细颗粒分级效果。
图7示出蜗壳包角对旋流器分离效率的影响。
由图7中可以看出,当包角为180°时,粒径<15 μm细颗粒的底流回收率最小,底流夹细明显减少,粒径>15 μm的粗颗粒在底流中回收率最大,说明此时分离效率最高,有助于强化细颗粒分级作用。
表3列出蜗壳包角对分离精度和分级性能的影响结果。可以看出,随着蜗壳包角的增大,分离粒度先减小后增大,在包角为180°时达到最小值14.46 μm;随着蜗壳包角的增大,陡度指数S先增大后减小,可能偏差E先减小后增大,两者均在蜗壳包角为180°时分别达到最大值和最小值,分离精度最高;<15 μm颗粒的质效率和量效率均随蜗壳包角的增大先增大后减小,在蜗壳包角为180°时达到最大值78.75%和88.80%,分级效率最高。
图8示出了蜗壳下倾高度对旋流器处理量和溢流产率的影响。可以看出,随着蜗壳下倾高度的增大,处理量和溢流产率均增大,处理量由6.28 m3/h增加到6.50 m3/h,增加了3.5%;溢流产率由25.98%增加到28.65%,增加了10%。这说明当蜗壳下倾高度增加时,颗粒在蜗壳的下倾通道内流速增加,压力能转化为动能的效率增加,强化了细颗粒预分级效果,从而提高旋流器的溢流产率和处理量。
图9示出蜗壳下倾高度对旋流器溢流浓度和底流浓度的影响。可以看出,随着蜗壳下倾高度增大,旋流器的溢流浓度增大,从2.81%提高到3.10%;当蜗壳下倾高度增加到47.5 mm后,溢流浓度增长幅度减小。旋流器的底流浓度与蜗壳下倾高度呈负相关,随着蜗壳下倾高度增大,底流浓度从67.36%降低到65.40%,降低了2.90%。同样证明,蜗壳下倾高度的增加,可以增加溢流浓度,强化细颗粒预分级效果。
图10示出蜗壳下倾高度对旋流器分离效率的影响,表4列出蜗壳下倾高度对分离精度和分级性能的影响结果。可以看出,随着蜗壳下倾高度的增大,分离粒度先减小后增大,在下倾高度为47.5 mm时达到最小值14.46 μm。间接说明了随着下倾高度的增加,蜗壳下倾进料体对细颗粒的预分级作用先增加后减弱,在下倾高度为47.5 mm时,预分级作用最显著。随着蜗壳下倾高度的增大,陡度指数S先增大后减小,在蜗壳下倾高度为47.5 mm时达到最大值0.53,说明此时分离效率曲线最陡;可能偏差E先减小后增大。此外,随蜗壳下倾高度的增大,粒径<15 μm的质效率和量效率均先增大后减小,在下倾高度为47.5 mm时,质效率和量效率达到最大值78.75%和88.80%,分级效率最高。
某洗煤厂粗煤泥回收工艺中,原煤经分级筛脱泥后,筛下粒径<1 mm的粗煤泥进入煤泥水桶,经煤泥水旋流器进行浓缩分级,旋流器底流中粒径为0.25~1 mm的煤泥颗粒进入干扰床分选机(TBS)进行分选,旋流器溢流中粒径<0.25 mm的煤泥颗粒进行浮选回收,二者组合共同完成粗煤泥回收。结合现场工况,设计了⌀500 mm蜗壳式旋流器代替原渐开线入口旋流器,现场设备安装如图11所示。
蜗壳式旋流器与渐开线旋流器对比分析试验结果如表5、表6所示。可以看出,蜗壳式旋流器溢流中粒径>74 μm的粗煤泥颗粒含量由安装前的18.06%降低至安装后的15.52%,有助于降低浮选机工作负荷,降低浮选药耗,提高浮选精煤的回收率。旋流器底流中粒径>74 μm的细煤泥颗粒含量由安装前的85.97%增加至安装后的89.54%,底流夹细现象减缓,有助于提高TBS分选效率。
(1)蜗壳结构有助于弱化湍流干扰强化颗粒预排,随蜗壳包角增大旋流器处理能力提高,溢流产率及浓度增加,蜗壳包角为180°时分离精度最高,以粒径<15 μm颗粒含量计算质效率和量效率分别达到78.75%和88.80%。
(2)下倾结构有助于促进动能转化,随下倾高度增加,旋流器处理量及溢流产率增加,底流浓度降低;但下倾高度过大会强化外旋流效应,易产生底流的细粒夹带,影响分离效果,下倾高度为47.5 mm时,旋流器分离性能最佳。
(3)经工业验证,相比渐开线入口旋流器,蜗壳式旋流器溢流中粒径>74μm的颗粒含量由18.06%降至15.52%,底流中粒径>74μm的颗粒含量由85.97%增加至89.54%,底流夹细和溢流跑粗现象得到改善。

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2026年第54卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.04.002
  • 接收时间:2025-12-25
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-04-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-25
  • 修回日期:2026-03-21
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    1汶上义桥煤矿有限责任公司,山东 济宁 272500
    2山东科技大学 机械电子工程学院,山东 青岛 266590

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姜兰越(1990),男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事高精度固液分离理论与装备的开发研究工作,通信地址:266590山东省青岛市黄岛区前湾港路579号山东科技大学机械电子工程学院,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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