Article(id=1320037679807442952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037605320802443, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.03.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1764172800000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-27, revisedDate=1771257600000, revisedDateStr=2026-02-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792651107979, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1774800000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792651107979, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792651107979, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792651107979, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320037605320802443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2026', volume='54', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774800000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792651090221, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792656224643, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320059140710454212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037605320802443, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320059140710454213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037605320802443, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=47, endPage=55, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320037679971020809, articleId=1320037679807442952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Study on inter‑stage coupling characteristics of pressure pulsation in a multistage centrifugal pump, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the influence of inter‑stage propagation coupling phenomena and diffuser vane clocking positions on pressure pulsations within a multistage centrifugal pump,a multistage centrifugal pump was used as a model.Monitoring points were arranged inside the pump to conduct numerical calculations of the unsteady flow under different diffuser vane clocking positions.The numerical simulation results were validated by experiments and showed good reliability.Simultaneously,the pressure pulsation amplitudes at each monitoring point were compared,revealing the inter‑stage propagation law of pressure pulsation signals and the influence of different diffuser vane clocking positions on pressure pulsations within the pump.The results indicate that there is a significant inter‑stage propagation phenomenon of pressure pulsation signals.Pressure pulsation signals in the first‑stage flow channel propagate into the second‑stage flow channel and couple complexly with the pressure pulsation signals there.Low‑frequency pulsation signals exhibit strong propagation capability within the multistage centrifugal pump flow channels,leading to a progressive superposition characteristic of low‑frequency pulsation intensity.Altering the diffuser vane clocking phase can promote mutual cancellation of pressure pulsations generated by inter‑stage rotor‑stator interaction,combining the peaks and troughs of pulsation signals,thereby effectively reducing the intensity of inter‑stage rotor‑stator interaction and significantly lowering low‑frequency signals.Except at the diffuser outlet,the average time‑domain reduction at other monitoring points is approximately 50%,with the optimal time‑domain reduction reaching 60.7%.This study can provide theoretical guidance for the design and operation of multistage centrifugal pumps.

, authors=Linwei TAN1, Yuhao YING1, Tao SUN2, Linglei BAO1, Tianxiang WANG1, Xinyong PANG1, Junhui MA1, Jian LU1, Binhua YU2, authorsList=Linwei TAN, Yuhao YING, Tao SUN, Linglei BAO, Tianxiang WANG, Xinyong PANG, Junhui MA, Jian LU, Binhua YU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320037682743455778, articleId=1320037679807442952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=多级离心泵压力脉动级间耦合特性研究, columnId=1317484287230853622, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=设计计算, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究级间传播耦合现象和导叶时序安装位置对多级离心泵内压力脉动的影响,以一台多级离心泵为模型,在泵内设置监测点,对离心泵在不同导叶安装时序位置内部非定常流动进行数值计算,数值模拟结果经试验验证具有良好的可靠性;同时对比各监测点的压力脉动幅值,获得了压力脉动信号的级间传播规律,以及导叶不同时序位置对泵内压力脉动的影响。结果表明,压力脉动信号存在明显级间传播现象,首级流道内的压力脉动信号传播至次级流道内,与次级流道内的压力脉动信号复杂耦合,低频脉动信号在多级离心泵流道内具有较强的传播能力,导致低频脉动强度呈现出逐级叠加的特性;改变导叶时序相位,能促使级间动静干涉产生的压力脉动相互抵消,脉动信号的波峰与波谷相互结合,从而有效减弱了级间动静干涉的强度,使低频信号明显下降,除导叶出口处外,其余监测点时域平均降幅约50%,最优处时域降幅达60.7%。研究可为多级离心泵设计和运行提供理论指导。

, authors=谭林伟1, 应雨豪1, 孙涛2, 鲍凌磊1, 王天翔1, 庞昕永1, 马俊晖1, 卢健1, 余彬华2, authorsList=谭林伟, 应雨豪, 孙涛, 鲍凌磊, 王天翔, 庞昕永, 马俊晖, 卢健, 余彬华, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

谭林伟(1987),男,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师,主要从事流体机械理论与设计研究工作,通信地址:226019江苏省南通市啬园路9号南通大学机械工程学院,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=aRRcjia9Ty1w2lRcTRHacg==, magXml=OCa8Iu4XWNEue6qy6cxlhA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=W088CiugbCKh8FANWM01Zw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=uZ88FvSkKkgzgzfFs5OrXA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320037683150303274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037679807442952, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=tanlinwei@ntu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320037683238383660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037679807442952, authorId=1320037683150303274, language=EN, stringName=Linwei TAN, firstName=Linwei, middleName=null, lastName=TAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Mechanical Engineering,Nantong University,Nantong 226019,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320037683322269741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037679807442952, authorId=1320037683150303274, language=CN, stringName=谭林伟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1南通大学 机械工程学院,江苏 南通 226019, bio={"content":"

谭林伟(1987),男,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师,主要从事流体机械理论与设计研究工作,通信地址:226019江苏省南通市啬园路9号南通大学机械工程学院,E-mail:。

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谭林伟(1987),男,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师,主要从事流体机械理论与设计研究工作,通信地址:226019江苏省南通市啬园路9号南通大学机械工程学院,E-mail:。

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Mesh size settings for each component

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
计算域部件网格类型网格数目
进口静止域非结构750 496
叶轮旋转域结构601 454
泵腔静止域非结构1 461 632
导叶静止域结构888 828
出口静止域非结构800 123
), ArticleFig(id=1320037688607092857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037679807442952, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各部件网格尺寸设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
计算域部件网格类型网格数目
进口静止域非结构750 496
叶轮旋转域结构601 454
泵腔静止域非结构1 461 632
导叶静止域结构888 828
出口静止域非结构800 123
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多级离心泵压力脉动级间耦合特性研究
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谭林伟 1 , 应雨豪 1 , 孙涛 2 , 鲍凌磊 1 , 王天翔 1 , 庞昕永 1 , 马俊晖 1 , 卢健 1 , 余彬华 2
流体机械 | 设计计算 2026,54(3): 47-55
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流体机械 |设计计算 2026 , 54 (3) : 47 -55
多级离心泵压力脉动级间耦合特性研究
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谭林伟(1987),男,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师,主要从事流体机械理论与设计研究工作,通信地址:226019江苏省南通市啬园路9号南通大学机械工程学院,E-mail:。

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谭林伟(1987),男,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师,主要从事流体机械理论与设计研究工作,通信地址:226019江苏省南通市啬园路9号南通大学机械工程学院,E-mail:。

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谭林伟1 , 应雨豪1, 孙涛2, 鲍凌磊1, 王天翔1, 庞昕永1, 马俊晖1, 卢健1, 余彬华2
作者信息
  • 1南通大学 机械工程学院,江苏 南通 226019
  • 2新界泵业(浙江)有限公司,杭州 310018
作者简介:

谭林伟(1987),男,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师,主要从事流体机械理论与设计研究工作,通信地址:226019江苏省南通市啬园路9号南通大学机械工程学院,E-mail:。

Study on inter‑stage coupling characteristics of pressure pulsation in a multistage centrifugal pump
Linwei TAN1 , Yuhao YING1, Tao SUN2, Linglei BAO1, Tianxiang WANG1, Xinyong PANG1, Junhui MA1, Jian LU1, Binhua YU2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering,Nantong University,Nantong 226019,China
  • 2Xinjie Pump Industry (Zhejiang) Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310018,China
出版时间: 2026-03-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.03.006
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为研究级间传播耦合现象和导叶时序安装位置对多级离心泵内压力脉动的影响,以一台多级离心泵为模型,在泵内设置监测点,对离心泵在不同导叶安装时序位置内部非定常流动进行数值计算,数值模拟结果经试验验证具有良好的可靠性;同时对比各监测点的压力脉动幅值,获得了压力脉动信号的级间传播规律,以及导叶不同时序位置对泵内压力脉动的影响。结果表明,压力脉动信号存在明显级间传播现象,首级流道内的压力脉动信号传播至次级流道内,与次级流道内的压力脉动信号复杂耦合,低频脉动信号在多级离心泵流道内具有较强的传播能力,导致低频脉动强度呈现出逐级叠加的特性;改变导叶时序相位,能促使级间动静干涉产生的压力脉动相互抵消,脉动信号的波峰与波谷相互结合,从而有效减弱了级间动静干涉的强度,使低频信号明显下降,除导叶出口处外,其余监测点时域平均降幅约50%,最优处时域降幅达60.7%。研究可为多级离心泵设计和运行提供理论指导。

多级离心泵  /  压力脉动  /  时域相位  /  数值模拟

To investigate the influence of inter‑stage propagation coupling phenomena and diffuser vane clocking positions on pressure pulsations within a multistage centrifugal pump,a multistage centrifugal pump was used as a model.Monitoring points were arranged inside the pump to conduct numerical calculations of the unsteady flow under different diffuser vane clocking positions.The numerical simulation results were validated by experiments and showed good reliability.Simultaneously,the pressure pulsation amplitudes at each monitoring point were compared,revealing the inter‑stage propagation law of pressure pulsation signals and the influence of different diffuser vane clocking positions on pressure pulsations within the pump.The results indicate that there is a significant inter‑stage propagation phenomenon of pressure pulsation signals.Pressure pulsation signals in the first‑stage flow channel propagate into the second‑stage flow channel and couple complexly with the pressure pulsation signals there.Low‑frequency pulsation signals exhibit strong propagation capability within the multistage centrifugal pump flow channels,leading to a progressive superposition characteristic of low‑frequency pulsation intensity.Altering the diffuser vane clocking phase can promote mutual cancellation of pressure pulsations generated by inter‑stage rotor‑stator interaction,combining the peaks and troughs of pulsation signals,thereby effectively reducing the intensity of inter‑stage rotor‑stator interaction and significantly lowering low‑frequency signals.Except at the diffuser outlet,the average time‑domain reduction at other monitoring points is approximately 50%,with the optimal time‑domain reduction reaching 60.7%.This study can provide theoretical guidance for the design and operation of multistage centrifugal pumps.

multistage centrifugal pump  /  pressure pulsation  /  time‑domain phase  /  numerical simulation
谭林伟, 应雨豪, 孙涛, 鲍凌磊, 王天翔, 庞昕永, 马俊晖, 卢健, 余彬华. 多级离心泵压力脉动级间耦合特性研究. 流体机械, 2026 , 54 (3) : 47 -55 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.03.006
Linwei TAN, Yuhao YING, Tao SUN, Linglei BAO, Tianxiang WANG, Xinyong PANG, Junhui MA, Jian LU, Binhua YU. Study on inter‑stage coupling characteristics of pressure pulsation in a multistage centrifugal pump[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2026 , 54 (3) : 47 -55 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.03.006
多级离心泵在矿山排水、城市供水和工业给水等领域应用广泛。但因其过流部件(叶轮和导叶)结构复杂,运行时易出现强烈振动和噪声等问题[1-5]。离心泵内部的汽蚀、动静干涉、旋转失速及流动分离等非定常流动现象,会导致流动状态不稳定,加剧动静干涉影响,引发较大振动,成为振动产生的关键因素[6]。
压力脉动对泵的平稳运行影响显著。康灿等[7]对两级立式离心泵进行非定常数值模拟,结果表明,叶轮和导叶间动静干涉耦合作用强烈,压力脉动幅值变化复杂。王凯丽等[8]分析了高比速离心泵空化下的压力脉动特性,发现在额定流量下,隔舌处压力脉动幅值最大。李博文[9]研究表明,叶片出口尾缘形状对动静干涉作用影响较大。SONAWAT等[10]通过快速傅里叶变换找到减少压力脉动的合适错开角,并验证了交错叶轮设计与分体式蜗壳布置在抑制压力脉动方面的实用性。AL‑OBAIDI等[11]通过瞬态数值计算表明,不同出口叶轮直径下泵的内部流动特性不同。KLIMENKO等[12]研究表明,附加叶片可降低叶片通过频率一次谐波幅值。钱波等[13]提出了一种叶片中段局部增厚设计方案,该方案在保持水力性能基本不变的前提下,通过改善叶轮出口能量分布的均匀性,使泵内压力脉动幅值显著降低16.4%~49.4%,为低比转速离心泵的稳定性优化提供了新思路。霍振等[14]通过试验与仿真研究表明,增大缓冲罐容积、优化出口管路角度至60°,以及加装组合膨胀腔型滤波器,可分别使往复式压缩机管路气流压力脉动降低40%,44%,59%,并明确缓冲罐长径比1.5~2.0与接管长径比1.25~1.75为最优参数区间,为管路振动抑制提供了工程依据。
国内外学者对动静干涉引起的压力脉动进行了大量的数值与试验研究,然而针对时序效应对泵内部流动的影响研究较少。时序效应开始于压气机领域,白志刚[15]对轴流式压气机的非均匀栅距时序效应进行了研究,通过数值模拟方法,发现时序效应对动叶非定常气动力的影响较大,且主要影响基频处的气动力幅值。宋梦斌等[16]研究了时序效应对多级侧流道泵压力脉动的影响,发现侧流道泵最佳时序位置角度与叶轮级数成反比,而与叶片夹角成正比,同时,通过时序位置的改变,可以降低泵的内部振动,提高出口位置压力的稳定性。GUAN等[17]对单级导叶式液力透平内时序效应展开了研究,结果表明,时序效应产生的原因为导叶和蜗壳内的能量变化。
上述研究表明,探究多级离心泵压力脉动机理及降低级间动静干涉的方法至关重要。本文采用数值模拟结合外特性试验,在泵内设置监测点,对离心泵不同导叶安装时序位置下内部非定常流动展开数值计算,对结果进行时域频域分析,同时比较各监测点的压力波动幅值,探究多级离心泵压力脉动特性,以期为其设计和运行提供理论指导。
以一台六级离心泵为研究对象,该泵后五级叶轮结构参数一致,考虑数值计算对网格的限制,参考多级泵常用数值模拟方法,以该泵前两级作为分析对象。其叶轮与导叶如图1所示。基本设计参数:流量Q=3 m³/h,单级扬程H=7 m,转速n=2 900 r/min;叶轮叶片数为7,叶轮外径89 mm,叶轮出口宽度2.9 mm,导叶叶片数为6。叶轮设计采用极大扬程设计法,将叶轮前盖板直径最大化,同时采用斜切出口边设计,以保证叶轮出口介质的过流能力。
利用NX UG10.0软件建立包括进口段、叶轮导叶、泵腔和出口段的模型。采用Ansys中的ICEM模块划分网格,如图2所示(其中,TE为尾缘,LE为前缘)。叶轮和导叶为结构化网格,其他区域为非结构化网格。对叶轮叶片尾缘、导叶叶片尾缘等进行网格加密,混合网格设置兼顾计算速度与精度。
文中分析了5种不同网格总数下的数值模拟情况,以设计工况点扬程为指标,结果表明,网格数达到580万左右时,扬程随着网格数增加基本不变。最终选取网格数580万左右的方案,该方案下各部件的网格尺寸见表1。
以额定流量工况下定常数值模拟结果为非定常模拟起始状态,采用二阶迎风格式离散差分方程,动静交界面选瞬态转子模型,并采用SST k-ω模型,时间步长为叶轮旋转2°的时间(1.149 40×10⁻⁴ s),收敛精度10⁻⁵,计算总时长为叶轮旋转15圈的时间(0.310 345 s)。
在多级离心泵两级流道中线上设监测点1~7(见图3),采用压力脉动系数Cp衡量压力脉动剧烈程度。
Cp=P-P¯0.5ρu2
式中,P为监测点的压力,Pa;P¯为监测点的平均压力,Pa;ρ为液体密度,kg/m3;u为叶轮出口的圆周速度,m/s。
运用快速傅里叶变换将时域信号转为频域信号。多级离心泵转频fR、叶轮叶频fY、导叶叶频fD公式分别如下:
fR=n/60
fY=fRZb
fD=fRZD
式中,fR为叶轮转频,Hz,fR=48.33 Hz;n为转速,r/min;fY为叶轮叶频,Hz,fY=338.33 Hz;Zb为叶轮叶片数;fD为导叶叶频,Hz,fD==290 Hz;ZD为导叶叶片数。
时序效应是指改变转子与静子或静子与静子的相对周向位置引发的性能变化。在本文多级泵中通过改变次级导叶时序位置,使次级、首级叶轮和导叶产生的压力脉动周期相对应,波峰与波谷相互抵消来减轻级间压力脉动。导叶主频信号为7个周期,为达到用首级流道内传播至次级流道内的压力脉动信号与次级流道内的压力脉动信号进行耦合,使首级与次级导叶内的压力脉动波峰、波谷相结合,实现反向抵消的目的,需将次级导叶相对首级导叶沿周向错开1/2个主频周期对应的相位角,即理论最优相位角θ=25.7°,如图4所示。将导叶未旋转的原方案记为X0,将导叶旋转θ=25.7°的方案记为X1,其中,X1方案在泵内设置监测点如图3所示。
外特性试验在某公司实验室进行,性能测试台水箱为下沉式双层结构,以降低噪声。试验台实物图如图5所示。
将数值模拟获得的次级叶轮性能数据推算至六级整泵扬程,并与试验结果进行对比,结果如图6所示。可以看出,两者的变化趋势具有良好的一致性。试验测得扬程略低于模拟结果,在设计工况点扬程偏差为1.45%,该偏差主要归因于模拟中忽略的间隙泄漏损失,以及实际运行中的机械摩擦损失和试验固有的测量误差,但偏差在合理范围[18]。效率曲线呈抛物线形,轴功率曲线模拟与试验增长趋势相近。试验结果证实了数值模拟的可靠性。
图7示出未改变导叶时序相位时泵内各监测点压力脉动时域分布,图8示出泵内各监测点压力脉动频域分布,图9示出内部流线图。
从图7可以看出,叶轮流道进口P1到出口P3压力脉动幅值依次增加,这是由于监测点P3在首级叶轮出口,靠近动静干涉源,受到动静干涉的影响最为强烈,这从侧面验证了多级泵内的动静干涉是压力脉动产生的主要原因;同时,从导叶进口P5到出口P7的压力脉动幅值逐渐降低,这是由于P5到P7逐渐远离动静干涉源。此外,图7的结果清晰表明,次级叶轮和导叶的幅值均变大,且时域特性都变得紊乱,这是压力脉动耦合的结果,信号在泵内部传播,首级流道内的压力脉动信号会传播至次级流道内,次级叶轮不但受到首级压力脉动源的影响,次级压力脉动源也在此作用,彼此耦合,因此压力脉动信号变得复杂。
从图8可以看出,次级叶轮和导叶的压力脉动强度均有所增强,且叶轮进口P1处的主频为叶轮转频的2倍频,这种现象可以通过KUBOTA等[19]提出的理论解释,并可参照FRANKE等[20]的分析方法进行分析。描述无叶片间隙中压力的调制方程是时间和空间的函数,该压力场具有以下最大和最小径向压力模数[21]:
k1=mzb-nzv
k2=mzb+nzv
根据KUBOTA等[19]的理论,直径模数k2的影响可以忽略,当径向压力模数k1取最小值1时,动静干涉引起的压力脉动幅值达到最大。文中多级泵叶轮叶片数Zb为7,在m=1,n=1的阶次组合下,频率比fs/fb=mZb=7(其中,fs为压力脉动频率;fb为叶轮轴频)。因此,理论上动静干涉调制引起的压力脉动最大幅值发生在1倍叶频处,但是由于排挤作用或次级流道损失,能量转移到了2倍叶频处。
除了上述特征外,次级叶轮内还存在着强烈且紊乱的低频信号。这是因为次级叶轮内流动更为紊乱,次级脉动信号与首级脉动信号在此处发生拍振、干涉等耦合现象,并受到固体壁面反射的影响,产生了频率低、幅值较高的复杂低频信号。
与叶轮进水口P1处相比,叶轮流道中间位置(P2处)的主频信号幅值显著提高,且主频仍为叶轮转频的2倍频,同时伴随着强烈的低频信号。在叶轮流道中间位置(P2处),6倍转频处存在一定的脉动信号,该频率与导叶叶片数相符,表明叶轮与导叶之间的动静干涉引起的导叶叶频信号占据主导地位。
对比分析首级导叶中段与次级导叶中段的压力脉动特性可得,次级导叶中段P6处的低频信号波动更为强烈,且七倍转频处的压力脉动频域信号强度较低。这种现象主要是由于次级导叶受到较强的低频信号影响,导致叶轮主频信号的表现不佳。这种差异进一步揭示了级间耦合效应和低频信号对次级导叶压力脉动特性的显著影响,同时也反映了多级离心泵内部流动的复杂性和不稳定性。
由图9可以看出,次级叶轮和导叶内的流动更为紊乱,尤其是次级导叶出现了低速漩涡区,脱流现象更为明显。
图10示出泵内各监测点压力脉动时域分布。对比X0与X1方案可知,除导叶出口处外,其余监测点时域平均降幅约50%,P4处时域降幅达60.7%。
由上述分析可知,级间耦合效应基本只对次级有影响,因此改变导叶时序相位对首级影响并不大,故时序图中只包含了次级。图10呈现出与上述一样的规律,即叶轮进口P1到出口P3压力脉动幅值增大,导叶进口P5到出口P7压力脉动幅值下降,这表明动静干涉仍在泵内压力脉动中占主导原因,而在P5处,X1方案的压力脉动并没有很明显的下降趋势很可能与此有关。虽然导叶时序相位的改变促使脉动信号的波峰与波谷相互结合,使级间动静干涉产生的压力脉动一定程度相互抵消,从而有效减弱了级间动静干涉的强度,但由于P5太过靠近动静干涉源,因此改善效果有限。
图10的结果表明,在改变导叶时序相位后,P1处压力脉动幅值明显下降,且周期性较好;P3处的压力脉动幅值也有部分下降,但是压力脉动信号紊乱,这是因为P3过于靠近动静干涉源,改善效果有限;P4处压力脉动的改善效果同样显著,并且有着良好的周期性。
图11示出改变时序后流线图。在改变导叶时序相位前,次级导叶流线出现较为大范围的漩涡,脱流现象较为严重;而在改变导叶时序相位后,次级导叶内大范围的漩涡基本消失,脱流现象得到了改善,因此压力脉动幅值下降。叶轮内的流体流动特征较为接近,部分区域流动效果得到了改善,这也从侧面验证了改变导叶时序相位可以改善泵流动效果,从而改善泵内的压力脉动。
泵内各监测点压力脉动频域分布如图12所示。
从图可以看出,叶轮内压力脉动主频仍是转频的1倍频和2倍频,但在改变导叶时序相位后,低频信号(1倍频和2倍频信号)有了一定程度的改善,压力脉动频域幅值有所降低。泵腔内的低频信号大幅降低,这是因为相位的改变促使级间动静干涉产生的压力脉动相互抵消,脉动信号的波峰与波谷相互结合,从而有效减弱了级间动静干涉的强度。导叶进口P5处的压力脉动频域也呈现出类似的特性。监测点P7由于处在导叶出口位置,压力脉动流经几何结构复杂的导叶流道时,其内部脉动波的耦合、反射及干涉效应显著增强,导致导叶出口位置的压力脉动频域分布变得紊乱。
(1)压力脉动信号呈现出显著的级间传播现象。低频脉动信号在多级离心泵流道内传播相对容易,从而导致出现低频脉动强度呈现逐级叠加的现象,叶频信号特征被低频信号所遮蔽,在时域特性方面,叶轮的周期性特征不显著。
(2)导叶时序相位的改变,使得各级间压力脉动波峰与波谷相结合,极大地降低了泵内的压力脉动强度,低频信号在泵内下降明显。对比分析表明,X1方案在全场压力脉动抑制方面具有显著优势。时域分析显示,除监测点P7处因导叶出口出现低频脉动反升外,其余主监测点幅值平均降幅约50%,其中监测点P4降幅高达60.7%;结合频域特性可以看出,改变导叶时序相位成功削弱了叶频及其倍频处的能量集中,并显著降低了泵内压力脉动。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.03.006
  • 接收时间:2025-11-27
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-27
  • 修回日期:2026-02-17
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    1南通大学 机械工程学院,江苏 南通 226019
    2新界泵业(浙江)有限公司,杭州 310018
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