Article(id=1320037629266080456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037524588839497, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.02.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752508800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-15, revisedDate=1764000000000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792651095930, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1772208000000, pubDateStr=2026-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792651095930, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792651095930, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792651095930, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320037524588839497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2026', volume='54', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1772208000000', pubDateStr='2026-02-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792651070972, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792656210354, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320059080773850045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037524588839497, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320059080773850046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037524588839497, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=109, endPage=118, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320037631006716617, articleId=1320037629266080456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Experimental and numerical study on pressure overshoot in coal slurry pipeline transportation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the issue of pressure overshoot during the reversing process of piston pumps,experimental tests and numerical simulations were conducted using coal slurry with a solid concentration of 68.5% as a case study.Cyclic pumping experiments were carried out under two pressure conditions,and the results were compared with numerical predictions.The study revealed that as the distance from the pipeline inlet increases,the rate of decrease in pressure overshoot accelerates,while the overshoot ratio gradually rises.For instance,at a steady‑state transport pressure of 5.17 MPa,the experimental overshoot ratio increased from 11.9% at the inlet to 15.23% near the outlet.Near the pipeline inlet,both maximum velocity and steady‑state velocity demonstrate minimal changes with distance,but beyond a certain point,the maximum velocity incrementally rises.Furthermore,the velocity overshoot at measurement point 11# under the two conditions is 66.9 mm/s and 17.3 mm/s,with overshoot ratios of 1.53% and 0.43%,respectively.The variation in overshoot magnitude was more pronounced than that of the velocity itself,with the transport velocity differing by 9.5%,while the overshoot ratio differed by as much as 255%.The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the pumping strategy and the design of coal slurry pipeline systems.

, authors=Jian LIU1, Changjie LI1, Mingming LIU1, Dong XU1, Weixiong ZHENG2, authorsList=Jian LIU, Changjie LI, Mingming LIU, Dong XU, Weixiong ZHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Weixiong ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320037636056658660, articleId=1320037629266080456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=煤泥管道输送压力超调试验与数值模拟研究, columnId=1317484300472271469, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=应用技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对活塞泵换向过程中存在压力超调问题,采用试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,基于固含量为68.5%的煤泥,探究了压力超调的变化规律;同时,在2种输送压力条件下进行了循环泵送试验,并与数值结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,随着与管道入口距离增加,压力超调量的下降速度加快,但超调率却逐渐升高,如在稳态输送压力为5.17 MPa时,试验压力超调率从管道入口的11.9%增加到出口附近的15.23%;模型的最高流速和稳态流速在管道入口附近变化较小,但超过一定距离后,最高流速随着距离增加逐渐增加;2种工况下,测点11#的流速超调量分别为66.9,17.3 mm/s,超调率为1.53%,0.43%;流速超调量的变化大于速度变化,输送速度差异为9.5%,而流速超调率相差达255%。研究结果可为煤泥输送管道系统的泵送策略和设计优化提供参考。

, authors=刘建1, 李昌杰1, 刘铭铭1, 徐东1, 郑伟雄2, authorsList=刘建, 李昌杰, 刘铭铭, 徐东, 郑伟雄, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郑伟雄, authorNote=

刘建(1980),男,高级工程师,主要从事矿山机电设备与煤泥管道输送研究工作,通信地址:274700山东省菏泽市郓城县南赵楼镇赵楼煤矿,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=
郑伟雄(1996),男,博士研究生,主要从事煤泥流变特性及管道输送研究工作,通信地址:100083北京市海淀区学院路丁11号中国矿业大学(北京)机械与电气工程学院,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=jwkeoRWlD4fCtVWaCidpOA==, magXml=g1Q+RlPNxBC0klAY/OWaTg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=RVzHiem5sOEq6gmmNJDcEw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=8ykYX2VZq4VySEW/h9bDkw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320037636476089068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037629266080456, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=liujian980@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320037636551586542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037629266080456, authorId=1320037636476089068, language=EN, stringName=Jian LIU, firstName=Jian, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Zhaolou Coal Mine of Yanzhou Heze Nenghua Co.,Ltd.,Heze 274700,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320037636652249839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037629266080456, authorId=1320037636476089068, language=CN, stringName=刘建, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1兖煤菏泽能化有限公司 赵楼煤矿,山东 菏泽 274700, bio={"content":"

刘建(1980),男,高级工程师,主要从事矿山机电设备与煤泥管道输送研究工作,通信地址:274700山东省菏泽市郓城县南赵楼镇赵楼煤矿,E-mail:。

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刘建(1980),男,高级工程师,主要从事矿山机电设备与煤泥管道输送研究工作,通信地址:274700山东省菏泽市郓城县南赵楼镇赵楼煤矿,E-mail:。

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figureFileBig=HIKAHI+WQWy2KxVVf1sLxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320037645720335143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037629266080456, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=The relationship between the inlet pressure and pressure overshoot rate with the pipe diameter, figureFileSmall=VLTOcOukGchmFMHExoDStw==, figureFileBig=AaSyACBezP5fZyH5SZ82xA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320037645804221224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037629266080456, language=CN, label=图13, caption=管道入口处输送压力和压力超调率与管道内径的关系, figureFileSmall=VLTOcOukGchmFMHExoDStw==, figureFileBig=AaSyACBezP5fZyH5SZ82xA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320037645867135785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037629266080456, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Sensor Location and Range

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测量点编号1#2#3#4#5#6#7#8#9#10#11#
与管道入口距离/m05.07.39.412.814.627.230.636.046.454.2
量程/MPa0~100~100~100~80~80~60~50~60~30~20~1
), ArticleFig(id=1320037645951021866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037629266080456, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

压力传感器的位置和量程

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测量点编号1#2#3#4#5#6#7#8#9#10#11#
与管道入口距离/m05.07.39.412.814.627.230.636.046.454.2
量程/MPa0~100~100~100~80~80~60~50~60~30~20~1
), ArticleFig(id=1320037646051685163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037629266080456, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Analysis results of organic elements in coal slime

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素NCHSO
含量0.52935.6512.596—6.565
), ArticleFig(id=1320037646135571244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037629266080456, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

煤泥有机元素分析结果

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元素NCHSO
含量0.52935.6512.596—6.565
), ArticleFig(id=1320037646219457325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037629266080456, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Grid independence analysis

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网格序号网格量/万平稳输送压力/MPa最大输送压力/MPa
a802.3452.676
b1122.3472.677
c1582.3482.678
), ArticleFig(id=1320037646328509230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037629266080456, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

网格无关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
网格序号网格量/万平稳输送压力/MPa最大输送压力/MPa
a802.3452.676
b1122.3472.677
c1582.3482.678
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煤泥管道输送压力超调试验与数值模拟研究
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刘建 1 , 李昌杰 1 , 刘铭铭 1 , 徐东 1 , 郑伟雄 2
流体机械 | 应用技术 2026,54(2): 109-118
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流体机械 |应用技术 2026 , 54 (2) : 109 -118
煤泥管道输送压力超调试验与数值模拟研究
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刘建(1980),男,高级工程师,主要从事矿山机电设备与煤泥管道输送研究工作,通信地址:274700山东省菏泽市郓城县南赵楼镇赵楼煤矿,E-mail:。

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刘建(1980),男,高级工程师,主要从事矿山机电设备与煤泥管道输送研究工作,通信地址:274700山东省菏泽市郓城县南赵楼镇赵楼煤矿,E-mail:。

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刘建1 , 李昌杰1, 刘铭铭1, 徐东1, 郑伟雄2
作者信息
  • 1兖煤菏泽能化有限公司 赵楼煤矿,山东 菏泽 274700
  • 2中国矿业大学(北京) 机械与电气工程学院,北京 100083
通讯作者:
郑伟雄(1996),男,博士研究生,主要从事煤泥流变特性及管道输送研究工作,通信地址:100083北京市海淀区学院路丁11号中国矿业大学(北京)机械与电气工程学院,E-mail:。
作者简介:

刘建(1980),男,高级工程师,主要从事矿山机电设备与煤泥管道输送研究工作,通信地址:274700山东省菏泽市郓城县南赵楼镇赵楼煤矿,E-mail:。

Experimental and numerical study on pressure overshoot in coal slurry pipeline transportation
Jian LIU1 , Changjie LI1, Mingming LIU1, Dong XU1, Weixiong ZHENG2
Affiliations
  • 1Zhaolou Coal Mine of Yanzhou Heze Nenghua Co.,Ltd.,Heze 274700,China
  • 2School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,China University of Mining & Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China
出版时间: 2026-02-28 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.02.012
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针对活塞泵换向过程中存在压力超调问题,采用试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,基于固含量为68.5%的煤泥,探究了压力超调的变化规律;同时,在2种输送压力条件下进行了循环泵送试验,并与数值结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,随着与管道入口距离增加,压力超调量的下降速度加快,但超调率却逐渐升高,如在稳态输送压力为5.17 MPa时,试验压力超调率从管道入口的11.9%增加到出口附近的15.23%;模型的最高流速和稳态流速在管道入口附近变化较小,但超过一定距离后,最高流速随着距离增加逐渐增加;2种工况下,测点11#的流速超调量分别为66.9,17.3 mm/s,超调率为1.53%,0.43%;流速超调量的变化大于速度变化,输送速度差异为9.5%,而流速超调率相差达255%。研究结果可为煤泥输送管道系统的泵送策略和设计优化提供参考。

煤泥  /  活塞泵  /  管道输送  /  压力超调  /  非牛顿流体

To address the issue of pressure overshoot during the reversing process of piston pumps,experimental tests and numerical simulations were conducted using coal slurry with a solid concentration of 68.5% as a case study.Cyclic pumping experiments were carried out under two pressure conditions,and the results were compared with numerical predictions.The study revealed that as the distance from the pipeline inlet increases,the rate of decrease in pressure overshoot accelerates,while the overshoot ratio gradually rises.For instance,at a steady‑state transport pressure of 5.17 MPa,the experimental overshoot ratio increased from 11.9% at the inlet to 15.23% near the outlet.Near the pipeline inlet,both maximum velocity and steady‑state velocity demonstrate minimal changes with distance,but beyond a certain point,the maximum velocity incrementally rises.Furthermore,the velocity overshoot at measurement point 11# under the two conditions is 66.9 mm/s and 17.3 mm/s,with overshoot ratios of 1.53% and 0.43%,respectively.The variation in overshoot magnitude was more pronounced than that of the velocity itself,with the transport velocity differing by 9.5%,while the overshoot ratio differed by as much as 255%.The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the pumping strategy and the design of coal slurry pipeline systems.

coal slurry  /  piston pump  /  pipeline transportation  /  pressure overshoot  /  non‑newtonian fluid
刘建, 李昌杰, 刘铭铭, 徐东, 郑伟雄. 煤泥管道输送压力超调试验与数值模拟研究. 流体机械, 2026 , 54 (2) : 109 -118 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.02.012
Jian LIU, Changjie LI, Mingming LIU, Dong XU, Weixiong ZHENG. Experimental and numerical study on pressure overshoot in coal slurry pipeline transportation[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2026 , 54 (2) : 109 -118 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.02.012
随着工业技术的不断发展和煤炭的入洗率升高,煤泥的年产量逐年增大,通过管道输送进行资源化利用时具有显著的环境和经济优势[1-3]。高浓度煤泥一般具有较大的黏度和一定的屈服应力,在管道输送时,常使用双缸往复式活塞泵进行泵送[4-5]。然而在活塞泵换向时,管道内会发生剧烈的压力波动和压力超调现象,对管道系统造成了剧烈的压力冲击和破坏。目前,管道输送也广泛应用于煤、粉煤灰、尾矿和工业废渣等浆体的运输过程中[6-9],研究压力超调现象具有较为广泛的意义。
类似的压力冲击常见于输水管路的水锤效应,由于输水管道中的阀门快速打开或关闭,以及泵故障等原因导致管道内流量突然变化,造成管内流体产生了较大动量变化率,对管道设备产生剧烈的冲击[10-12]。张文奇[13]通过研究,得到了轴流泵事故停机过程中的水力冲击特性的瞬态变化规律,在卡轴停机过程中,轴向力幅值变化达到175.78%。TANG等[14]研究了水泵意外停止引起的水锤问题,采用数值方法对长距离输水管道的水锤作用进行了瞬态仿真,并对各种水锤保护措施的效果进行了比较,提出在工程中应严格控制各阀门的关闭时间。上述研究多针对停止输送导致的水锤效应,而在重新开启输送时,管道内也会发生水锤效应,且在利用双缸往复式活塞泵进行煤泥管道输送时,开始泵送时更容易产生压力波动。蔡付林等[15]基于瞬变流分析的特征线法,研究了输水系统在开启运行时的水锤问题,发现采用各提水泵站相继开启的方法,可有效改善输水系统沿线的压力波动。ZUO等[16]采用一维瞬态计算软件Flowmaster对核电厂输水系统在开启和关闭时的水锤特性进行了分析,发现单泵启动和双泵启动引起的压力波动小于单泵停机引起的压力波动。WANG等[17]对含蜡原油的管道输送在启动时的压力超调进行了数值和试验仿真,结果表明,含蜡原油启动过程中的压力超调,是由于在其静止期间凝胶结构的积累造成的。
活塞泵换向后重新开始泵送时,管道内煤泥在瞬间被加速,煤泥动量剧烈变化给系统产生了较大的负载,导致管道入口处的压力急剧升高,产生了较大的压力超调量。煤泥管道泵送系统启动过程与大惯性负载液压系统具有一定的相似性。大惯性负载液压系统在启动或者制动过程中,液压系统均可能会产生较大的压力冲击和振动[18-19],如往复式压缩机的管道输送[20-21]、螺旋钻机回转液压系统[22]和导弹液压起竖系统[23]等。
但煤泥具有屈服应力和较大的黏度,与输水或液压管道的水锤效应具有较大的差别[4,24]。WU等[25]利用数值模拟,研究了不同浓度和流速下高黏性膏浆在管道中的输送状况,分析了速度、管径等因素对管道内压降和速度分布的影响。王建栋[26]对垂直管输煤泥流动特性进行了试验和数值分析,结果表明,垂直管所有区域的压强均大于大气压强,管内压强受入口流速的影响显著,受料浆浓度的影响较小。在煤泥泵送启动时,管道入口处的煤泥受高压影响产生弹性变形,弹性的恢复与压缩导致管道入口处产生了压力振荡,但目前管道内的压力超调现象仍没有得到较好的试验与数值分析。
本文针对煤泥管道输送系统活塞泵换向时的压力超调现象,搭建环管输送试验平台,对煤泥管道输送过程中的压力变化进行实时监测和数据采集;利用OpenFoam开源CFD软件[27]建立煤泥管道输送系统的数值模型,并结合试验结果探究压力超调现象的传播规律及影响机制;同时,根据数值结果对活塞泵换向时的流速超调进行分析。旨在通过试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,探究煤泥管道输送过程中的压力超调现象及影响机理。
高浓度黏稠煤泥大多具有屈服应力,且其黏度随着剪切速率的升高而降低,属于黏塑性流体,其在管道中流动的连续性和动量方程如下[28-29]:
∂ρ∂t+∇(ρU)=0
∂ρU∂t+∇(ρUU)=-∇p+∇τ
式中,ρ为流体密度;t为时间;U,p分别为速度矢量和压力;τ为总偏应力张量。
煤泥的流变特性通常可使用Herschel-Bulkley模型来表征[30-31],煤泥表观黏度η与剪切速率γ˙的关系如下:
η=τ0IIγ˙-1+kIIγ˙n-1           (τ>τ0)
γ˙=0            (τ≤τ0
式中,η为水煤浆表观黏度;τ0为屈服应力;IIγ˙为剪切速率第二不变量的平方根;k为黏度系数;n为指数系数;γ˙为剪切速率,γ˙=∇U+∇UT。
高浓度煤泥一般可视为轻微可压缩流体,为简化计算,将煤泥的可压缩性与其密度之间的关系线性化,此时的状态方程[32]如下:
∂p∂ρ=Kρ=up2
式中,K为煤泥的体积模量;up为煤泥中的压力波速。
往复式活塞泵换向期间产生的压力波动在入口处最大,距离入口越远,压力波动越小,出口处压力近似为0。入口处压力可以通过压力传感器实时采集得到,因此,边界条件可设为压力入口和压力出口,管壁处设为无滑移边界条件。
Pinlet=Ylt
Poutlet=0
式中,Ylt为入口处的压力函数,由压力传感器测量得到。
初始条件设为在入口处最大压力Pinlet=max(Yl(t))时管道内煤泥的稳定流动状态。
管道输送试验平台如图1所示。管道入口处使用双缸活塞泵进行泵送,管道全长约56 m,管道内径75 mm,管道沿程放置了11个压力传感器,型号为HM90,精度为±0.5% F.S,传感器的位置和量程如表1所示。管道沿程布置有2个温度传感器,型号为KX-WZP-131,精度为±0.2% F.S,距管道入口距离分别为25.6,40.6 m。在试验时,压力与温度的数据通过USB3133A采集卡进行采集。
由于煤泥与管壁之间存在较大的摩擦力,导致长时间测试时,管道内煤泥的温度存在一定的波动,测量得到煤泥的温度变化区间为24.8~25.6 ℃。试验中煤泥含固量为68.5%,煤泥的密度约为1 500 kg/m³,体积模量约为1.7 GPa。
管道输送过程中实测压力曲线如图2所示。从图可以看出,在活塞泵完成换向重新泵送时,管道内各个位置均发生了很大的压力超调。当压力达到最高后又快速下降,然后上升,压力波动会持续3~4个周期。活塞泵完成换向重新泵送时,压力波动的幅值也会快速衰减,管道各个位置的压力会逐渐趋于平稳。每次重新泵送时的压力超调量均较为接近,压力波形非常相似,呈现出较强的周期性。由图2还可以看出,压力超调量沿管道衰减较小,而平稳压力沿管道近似线性下降,导致压力超调量百分比沿管道逐渐递增。
煤泥的流变特性是分析其非定常流动的基础,利用安东帕MCR302旋转流变仪对煤泥的流变特性进行测量,测试温度设定为25 ℃,测试前预剪切20 s,剪切速率从200 s-1对数递减到0.01 s-1。取点时间从每个点10 s对数递减到每个点5 s,测量结果如图3所示。
从图可见,在1~200 s-1的剪切速率范围内,煤泥的流变特性与Herschel-Bulkley模型非常相近,拟合得到的相关系数R2=0.997;但在0.01~1.00 s-1的剪切速率范围内,由于煤泥存在剪切带,煤泥的剪切应力反而开始逐渐上涨。为了简化计算,不考虑煤泥剪切带的影响,并使用Herschel-Bulkley模型来表征煤泥的流变特性,其公式如下:
τ=120.5+39.98γ˙0.639 7
煤泥的流变特性与其粒度大小息息相关,同时受其成分的影响也较大。使用激光衍射粒度分析仪Malvern MasterSizer 3000测量得到的煤泥粒度分布如图4所示。
从图4可以看出,煤泥中90%的颗粒粒度小于80 μm,与许多学者研究中的煤泥颗粒粒度相似[33-34],通过FlashSmart元素分析仪的CHNS/O模式对该煤泥样品进行有机元素分析,结果如表2所示。可以看出,该煤泥样品中有机物含量仅约45%,含有大量的无机元素。
使用O形六面体结构化网格对流体模型进行建模,网格划分结果如图5所示。
结合煤泥的流变特性、管道入口和出口处的边界条件及煤泥在管道中流动的控制方程,便可利用OpenFoam开源软件计算得到煤泥在管道中的流场变化。采用粗网格、标准网格和细网格共3套网格进行网格无关性验证,选取平稳输送压力Psteady=5.17 MPa 的输送工况,时间步长取为0.01 s。测点8#的平稳输送压力和最大输送压力计算结果如表3所示。
根据表3中计算结果可知,a,b,c三种网格的平稳输送压力和最大输送压力的相对误差均在 0.1%以内,80万网格数量已经收敛。因此,为兼顾计算效率,使用网格a进行计算。
2种输送工况下稳定输送压力Psteady分别为5.17,4.91 MPa,不同位置处的压力数值计算结果与试验测量的对比如图6所示。可以看出,两种输送压力下,模型的计算结果与试验数据均较为吻合。在活塞泵换向过程中,即在1.1~2.3 s和6.5~7.7 s时间内〔见图6(a)〕,模型计算得到的压力与管道内的压力存在较大的差别。这是由煤泥的剪切带造成的,煤泥的剪切带导致低剪切速率下的黏度较大,但低剪切速率下的计算结果对研究的压力过冲影响较小。由图6还可以看出,不仅在平稳输送时,而且在活塞泵开始换向时和完成换向后的压力快速变化期间,管道不同位置处的计算结果均与管道内实测压力吻合,从而验证了模型的准确性与适用性。
根据图6中2~3 s的最高压力,4.5~5.5 s时的平稳输送压力,可以得到活塞泵换向前后管道不同位置处,试验中的压力过冲与数值计算得到的压力过冲对比,如图7所示。
从图可以看出,模型数值计算得到的最高压力与平稳输送压力均与试验非常接近,且沿着管道近似线性下降。计算得到管道各个位置的压力超调量和压力超调率分别如图8、图9所示。
利用二次函数对图8中试验得到的2次试验压力超调量Po1和Po2进行拟合,结果如下:
Po1=616.5-7.362x-0.054 53x2×10-3
Po2=343.6-483.2x-0.020 06x2×10-3
相关度R2分别为0.999 4,0.999 8,表明压力超调量的下降速度会随着与管道入口距离的增大而增加,即位置越远,压力超调量的下降速度越快。
从图8、图9可以看出,在距管道入口0~40 m范围内,模型计算得到的压力与试验非常接近,最大误差小于2%,压力超调率最大误差小于7%。但是在试验过程中,随着与管道出口距离的增大,模型数值计算误差逐渐增大,尤其在距管道入口40~55 m范围内,管道出口附近的压力超调率与实际存在较大的差别,Psteady=5.17 MPa时,最大压力误差达到了25%,而超调率误差达到了114%;Psteady=4.91 MPa时,最大压力误差达到了13%,最大压力超调率误差达到了59%。其原因一方面可能是由于管道出口附近压力较低,管道内煤泥流动受管道形状影响较大;另一方面,目前尚无法对煤泥在低剪切速率下的稳态流变特性进行准确建模分析,在低剪切速率下长时间的流动中,煤泥中的颗粒甚至会发生缓慢地沉降,因此所建立的模型有进一步改进的空间。
此外,从图8、图9还可以看出,随着位置的增加,压力超调量的下降速度逐渐增大,但是压力超调率却逐渐升高。以管道的1#~9#共9个压力传感器为例进行分析,Psteady=5.17 MPa时,试验得到的压力超调率从11.9%逐渐升高到15.23%,而模型的压力超调率从11.9%逐渐升高到14.61%;Psteady=4.91 MPa时,试验得到的压力超调率从6.91%逐渐升高到8.01%,模型的压力超调率从6.75%逐渐升高到8.41%。这表明,即使管道尾端受到的压力超调量较小,但其压力超调率可能会大于管道入口附近的压力超调率,因此在设计管道尾部支撑时,不能忽略管道尾部的压力冲击。
压力试验结果已经对模型的有效性和适用性进行了验证,但由于目前管内高浓度煤泥流速测量非常困难,因此仅对模型的数值结果进行定量分析。当活塞泵完成换向后,管道各个位置的流速变化如图10所示。从图10可以看出,当活塞泵完成换向后,管道各个位置处的流速在约0.3 s的时间内急速上升,并在流速达到最高点后产生了一定的流速超调和波动。2种试验工况均表明,随着输送压力和速度的降低,流速超调量也发生了降低。同时,从图10还可以看出,随着测点与管道入口距离的增大,流速上升的时间逐渐变晚,即越靠近管道入口处,煤泥的流速开始上升的时间越早,这是由于煤泥的可压缩性导致的。根据图10中的流速变化,可得到模型的最高流速与平稳流速,如图11所示。将模型的最高流速减去平稳流速可以得到模型的流速超调率,如图12所示。
在管道入口附近,模型的最高流速和平稳流速变化较小,如图11(a)所示(图中0~15 m的范围内)。但超过一定距离后,随着与管道入口距离的增大,在2种工况下,模型的最高流速均逐渐变高,但模型的平稳流速变化很小。结合图7和图11,2种工况的平稳压力分别为5.17,4.91 MPa,其平稳流速分别为4.371,3.988 m/s。可以发现,2种工况输送压力仅相差约5.3%(即0.26 MPa),但2种工况的输送速度相差约9.5%,这是由煤泥的剪切稀化的流变特性造成的,即剪切速度越大,煤泥的表观黏度越小。
从图12可以看出,2种工况下,在管道入口附近模型的超调率变化较小,当与管道入口的距离超过一定值后,随着与管道入口距离的增大,模型的流速超调率逐渐升高,与图11中规律较为相似。根据图11和图12,2种工况在测点11#的流速超调量分别为66.9,17.3 mm/s,流速超调率分别为1.53%,0.43%。尽管2种工况下输送速度仅相差9.5%,但流速超调率相差达255%,表明当高速输送煤泥时,速度超调量的变化会远远大于速度的变化。
根据上述结果可以发现,流速对压力超调具有很大的影响,而工程中的输送速度与额定输送量和管道内径直接相关。为探究工程中的管道内径对压力超调的影响与优化选择,以济宁某煤矿拟建设的一条长约280 m的煤泥管道输送系统为例进行数值研究,其泵送量需求最大为120 m3/h,参考文中煤泥流变特性,管道内径为150,200,250,300,350 mm时,额定输送量下的平均输送速度分别为1.886,1.061,0.678,0.471,0.347 m/s。
利用数值模型可计算得到在额定输送量下,管道入口处的最大输送压力、平稳输送压力及压力超调率如图13所示。可以看出,随着管道内径的增大,管道内的最高压力和平稳输送压力均逐渐降低,但压力超调率却逐渐升高。而且在管道输送系统建设过程中,随着管道内径增大,建设成本也会逐渐升高,因此,在工程中应结合管道固定简易程度,选择合适的管道内径。
(1)压力超调量的下降速度会随着与管道入口距离的增大而增加,但是压力超调率却逐渐升高。在稳定输送压力为5.17 MPa时,随着距离的增大,试验得到的压力超调率从管道入口处的11.9%,逐渐变化到管道出口附近的15.23%,模型的压力超调率从11.9%,逐渐变化到14.61%;在稳定输送压力为4.91 MPa时,试验得到的压力超调率从6.91%,逐渐变化到8.01%,模型的压力超调率从6.75%,逐渐升高到8.41%。
(2)在管道入口附近,随着与管道入口距离的增大,2种工况下模型的最高流速和平稳流速变化较小,但超过一定距离后,2种工况的最高流速均逐渐变高。2种工况在测点11#的流速超调量分别为66.9,17.3 mm/s,流速超调率分别为1.53%,0.43%,尽管2种工况下输送速度仅相差9.5%,但是流速超调率相差达255%,这表明,当高速输送煤泥时,速度超调量的变化会远远大于速度的变化。
(3)在煤泥管道输送过程中,相同输送量下,管道直径越大,平稳输送压力越低,而压力超调率越高,因此实际工程中需综合考虑管道的具体布局及支撑状况,以选择最合适的内径尺寸。

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2026年第54卷第2期
66
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.02.012
  • 接收时间:2025-07-15
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-15
  • 修回日期:2025-11-25
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    1兖煤菏泽能化有限公司 赵楼煤矿,山东 菏泽 274700
    2中国矿业大学(北京) 机械与电气工程学院,北京 100083

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郑伟雄(1996),男,博士研究生,主要从事煤泥流变特性及管道输送研究工作,通信地址:100083北京市海淀区学院路丁11号中国矿业大学(北京)机械与电气工程学院,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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